VI'AND, noun [Latin vivendus, vivo, to live.] Meat dressed; food.

Viands of various kinds allure the taste.

[It is used chiefly in the plural.]

VIAT'IC, adjective [Latin viaticum, from via, way.]

Pertaining to a journey or to traveling.

VIAT'ICUM, noun [Latin supra.]

1. Provisions for a journey.

2. Among the ancient Romans, an allowance to officers who were sent into the provinces to exercise any office or perform any service, also to the officers and soldiers of the army.

3. In the Romish church, the communion or eucharist given to persons in their last moment.

VI'BRANT,

VI'BRATE, verb intransitive [Latin vibro; Eng. wabble.]

1. To swing; to oscillate; to move one way and the other; to play to and fro; as, the pendulum of a clock vibrates more or less rapidly, as it is shorter or longer. The chords of an instrument vibrate when touched.

2. To quiver; as, a whisper vibrates on the ear.

3. To pass from one state to another; as, a man vibrates from one opinion to another.

VI'BRATE, verb transitive

1. To brandish; to move to and fro; to swing; as, to vibrate a sword or staff. The pendulum of a clock vibrates seconds.

2. To cause to quiver.

Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated or undulated, may differently affect the lips, and impress a swift tremulous motion.

VI'BRATE, v.i. [L. vibro; Eng. wabble.]

VI'BRATE, v.t.

VI'BRATED, participle passive Brandished; moved one way and the other.

VIBRATIL'ITY, noun Disposition to preternatural vibration or motion. [Not much used.]

VI'BRATING, participle present tense Brandishing; moving to and fro, as a pendulum or musical chord.

VIBRA'TION, noun [Latin vibro.]

1. The act of brandishing; the act of moving or state of being moved one way and the other in quick succession.

2. In mechanics, a regular reciprocal motion of a body suspended; a motion consisting of continual reciprocations or returns; as of the pendulum of a chronometer. This is frequently called oscillation. The number of vibrations in a given time depends on the length of the vibrating body; a pendulum three feet long, makes only ten vibrations while one of nine inches makes twenty. The vibrations of a pendulum are somewhat slower at or near the equator than in remote latitudes. The vibrations of a pendulum are isochronal in the same climate.

3. In physics, alternate or reciprocal motion; as the vibrations of the nervous fluid, by which sensation has been supposed to be produced, by impressions of external objects propagated thus to the brain.

4. In music, the motion of a chord, or the undulation of any body, by which sound is produced. The acuteness, elevation and gravity of sound, depend on the length of the chord and its tension.

VIBRAT'IUNCLE, noun A small vibration.

VI'BRATIVE, adjective That vibrates.

VI'BRATORY, adjective

1. Vibrating; consisting in vibration or oscillation; as a vibratory motion.

2. Causing to vibrate.

VIB'RION, noun [Latin vibrans.] A name given to the ichneumon fly, from the continual vibration of its antennae.

VIC'AR, noun [Latin vicarius, from vicis, a turn, or its root.]

1. In a general sense, a person deputed or authorized to perform the functions of another; a substitute in office. The pope pretends to be vicar of Jesus Christ on earth. He has under him a grand vicar who is a cardinal, and whose jurisdiction extends over all priests, regular and secular.

2. In the canon law, the priest of a parish, the predial tithes of which are impropriated or appropriated, that is, belong to a chapter or religious house, or to a layman, who receives them, and only allows the vicar the smaller tithes or a salary.

Apostolical vicars, are those who perform the functions of the pope in churches or provinces committed to their direction.

VIC'ARAGE, noun The benefice of a vicar. A vicarage by endowment, becomes a benefice distinct from the parsonage.

VICA'RIAL, adjective [from vicar.] Pertaining to a vicar; small; as vicarial tithes.

VICA'RIATE, adjective Having delegated power, as vicar.

VICA'RIATE, noun A delegated office or power.

VICA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin vicarius.]

1. Deputed; delegated; as vicarious power or authority.

2. Acting for another; filling the place of another; as a vicarious agent or officer.

3. Substituted in the place of another; as a vicarious sacrifice. The doctrine of vicarious punishment has occasioned much controversy.

VICA'RIOUSLY, adverb In the place of another; by substitution.

VIC'ARSHIP, noun The office of a vicar; the ministry of a vicar.

VICE, noun [Latin vitium.]

1. Properly, a spot or defect; a fault; a blemish; as the vices of a political constitution.

2. In ethics, any voluntary action or course of conduct which deviates from the rules of moral rectitude, or from the plain rules of propriety; any moral unfitness of conduct, either from defect of duty, or from the transgression of known principles of rectitude. vice differs from crime, in being less enormous. We never call murder or robbery a vice; but every act of intemperance, all falsehood, duplicity, deception, lewdness and the like, is a vice The excessive indulgence of passions and appetites which in themselves are innocent, is a vice The smoking of tobacco and the taking of snuff, may in certain cases be innocent and even useful, but these practices may be carried to such an excess as to become vices. This word is also used to denote a habit of transgressing; as a life of vice vice is rarely a solitary invader; it usually brings with it a frightful train of followers.

3. Depravity or corruption of manners; as an age of vice

When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway.

The post of honor is a private station.

4. A fault or bad trick in a horse.

5. The fool or punchinello of old shows.

His face made of brass, like a vice in a game.

6. An iron press. [This should be written vise.]

7. A gripe or grasp. [Not in use.]

VICE, verb transitive To draw by a kind of violence. [Not in use. See Vise.]

VICE, Latin vice in the turn or place, is used in composition to denote one qui vicem gerit, who acts in the place of another, or is second in authority.

VI'CED, adjective Vitious; corrupt. [Not in use.]

VICEGE'RENCY, noun [See Vicegerent.] The office of a vicegerent; agency under another; deputed power; lieutenancy.

VICEGE'RENT, noun [Latin vicem gereus, acting in the place of another.]

A lieutenant; a vicar; an officer who is deputed by a superior or by proper authority to exercise the powers of another. Kings are sometimes called God's vicegerents. It is to be wished they would always deserve the appellation.

VICEGE'RENT, adjective Having or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution, or in the place of another.

VIC'ENARY, adjective [Latin vicenarius.] Belonging to twenty.

VI'CEROY, noun The governor of a kingdom or country, who rules in the name of the king with regal authority, as the king's substitute.

VICEROY'ALTY, noun the dignity, office or jurisdiction of a viceroy.

VI'CEROYSHIP, noun the dignity, office or jurisdiction of a viceroy.

VI'CETY, noun Nicety; exactness. [Not in use; probably a mistake.]

VI'CIATE, verb transitive [Latin vitio. This veb is usually written vitiate; but as vice, from Latin vitius, is established, it would be well to write the verb viciate as we write appreciate and depreciate, from Latin pretium.]

1. to injure the substance or properties of a thing so as to impair its value, and lessen or destroy its use; to make less pure, or wholly impure; to deprave, in a physical or moral sense; as, to viciate the blood; to viciate taste or style; to viciate morals.

2. To render defective and thus destroy the validity of; to invalidate by defect; as, to viciate a deed or bond.

VI'CIATED, participle passive Depraved; impaired in substance or quality; rendered defective and void.

VI'CIATING, participle present tense Injuring in subtance or properties; rendering defective; making void.

VICIA'TION, noun Depravation; corruption.

VIC'INAGE, noun [from Latin vicinia, neighborhood; vicinus, near.]

Neighborhood; the place or places adjoining or near. A jury must be of the vicinage or body of the country.

In law, common because of vicinage is where the inhabitants of two townships contiguous to each other, have usually intercommoned with one another; the beasts of one straying into the other's fields without molestation from either.

VIC'INAL,

VIC'INE, adjective Near; neighboring. [Little used.]

VIC'INE, a. Near; neighboring. [Little used.]

VICIN'ITY, noun [Latin vicinitas.]

1. Nearness in place; as the vicinity of two country seats.

2. Neighborhood; as a seat in the vicinity of the metropolis.

3. Neighboring country. Vegetables produced in the vicinity of the city, are daily brought to market. the vicinity is full of gardens.

VICIOS'ITY, noun Depravity; corruption of manners. [But viciousness is generally used.]

VI'CIOUS, adjective [Latin vitiosus.]

1. Defective; imperfect; as a system of government vicious and unsound.

2. Addicted to vice; corrupt in principles or conduct; depraved; wicked; habitually transgressing the moral law; as a vicious race of men; vicious parents; vicious children.

3. Corrupt; contrary to moral principles or to rectitude; as vicious examples; vicious conduct.

4. Corrupt, in a physical sense; foul; impure; insalubrious; as vicious air.

5. Corrupt; not genuine or pure; as vicious language; vicious idioms.

6. Unruly; refractory; not well tamed or broken; as a vicious horse.

VI'CIOUSLY, adverb

1. Corruptly; in a manner contrary to rectitude, moral principles, propriety or purity.

2. Faultily; not correctly.

VI'CIOUSNESS, noun

1. Addictedness to vice; corruptness of moral principles or practice; habitual violation of the moral law, or of moral duties; depravity in principles or in manners.

What makes a governor justly despised, is viciousness and ill morals.

2. Unruliness; refractoriness; as of a beast.

VICIS'SITUDE, noun [Latin vicissitudo; from vicis, a turn.]

1. Regular change or succession of one thing to another; as the vicissitudes of day and night, and of winter and summer; the vicissitudes of the seasons.

2. Change; revolution; as in human affairs. We are exposed to continual vicissitudes of fortune.

VICISSITU'DINARY, adjective Changing in succession.

VICON'TIEL, adjective [vice-comitalia. See Viscount.]

In old law books, pertaining to the sheriff.

Vicontiel rents, are certain rents for which the sheriff pays a rent to the king.

Vicontiel writs, are such as are triable in the county or sheriff court.

VICON'TIELS, noun Things belonging to the sheriff; particularly, farms for which the sheriff pays rent to the king.

VI'COUNT, noun [vice-comes.]

1. In law books, the sheriff.

2. A degree of nobility next below a count or earl. [See Viscount.]

VIC'TIM noun [Latin victima.]

1. A living being sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance of a religious rite; usually, some beast slain in sacrifice; but human beings have been slain by some nations, for the purpose of appeasing the wrath or conciliating the favor of some deity.

2. Something destroyed; something sacrificed in the pursuit of an object. How many persons have fallen victims to jealousy, to lust, to ambition!

VIC'TIMATE, verb transitive To sacrifice. [Not in use.]

VIC'TOR, noun [Latin from vinco, victus, to conquer, or the same root.]

1. One who conquers in war; a vanquisher; one who defeats an enemy in battle. victor differs from conqueror. We apply conqueror to one who subdues countries, kingdoms or nations; as, Alexander was the conqueror of Asia or India, or of many nations, or of the world. In such phrases, we cannot substitute victor But we use victor when we speak of one who overcomes a particular enemy, or in a particular battle; as, Cesar was victor at Pharsalia. The duke of Wellington was victor at Waterloo. victor then is not followed by the possessive case; for we do not say, Alexander was the victor of Darius, though we say, he was victor at Arbela.

2. One who vanquishes another in private combat or contest; as a victor in the Olympic games.

3. One who wins, or gains the advantage.

In love, the victors from the vanquish'd fly;

They fly that wound, and they pursue that die.

4. Master; lord.

These, victor of his health, his fortune, friends. [Not usual nor legitimate.]

VIC'TORESS, noun A female who vanquishes.

VICTO'RIOUS, adjective

1. Having conquered in battle or contest; having overcome an enemy or antagonist; conquering; vanquishing; as a victorious general; victorious troops; a victorious admiral or navy.

2. That produces conquest; as a victorious day.

3. Emblematic of conquest; indicating victory; as brows bound with victorious wreaths.

VICTO'RIOUSLY, adverb With conquest; with defeat of an enemy or antagonist; triumphantly; as, grace will carry us victoriously through all difficulties.

VICTO'RIOUSNESS, noun The state of being victorious.

VIC'TORY, noun [Latin victoria, from vinco, victus, to conquer.]

1. Conquest; the defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in contest; a gaining of the superiority in war or combat. victory supposes the power of an enemy or an antagonist to prove inferior to that of the victor. victory however depends not always on superior skill or valor; it is often gained by the fault or mistake of the vanquished.

Victory may be honorable to the arms, but shameful to the counsels of a nation.

2. The advantage or superiority gained over spiritual enemies, over passions and appetites, or over temptations, or in any struggle or competition.

Thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. 1 Corinthians 15:54.

VIC'TRESS, noun A female that conquers.

VICTUAL. [See Victuals.]

VICTUAL, verb transitive vit'l. [from victual the noun.]

1. To supply with provisions for subsistence; as, to victual an army; to victual a garrison.

2. To store with provisions; as, to victual a ship.

VICTUALED, participle passive vit'ld. Supplied with provisions.

VICTUALER, noun vit'ler.

1. One who furnishes provisions.

2. One who keeps a house of entertainment.

3. A provision-ship; a ship employed to carry provisions for other ships, or for supplying troops at a distance.

VICTUALING, participle present tense vit'ling. Supplying with provisions.

VICTUALS, noun vit'lz. [Latin victus, food, from the root of vivo, which was vigo or vico, coinciding with vigeo. Basque, vicia life. This word is now never used in the singular.]

Food for human beings, prepared for eating; that which supports human life; provisions; meat; sustenance. We never apply this word to that on which beasts or birds feed, and we apply it chiefly to food for men when cooked or prepared for the table. We do not now give this name to flesh, corn or flour, in a crude state; but we say, the victuals are well cooked or dressed, and in great abundance. We say, a man eats his victuals with a good relish.

Such phrases as to buy victuals for the army or navy, to lay in victuals for the winter, etc. are now obsolete. We say, to buy provisions; yet we use the verb, to victual an army or ship.

VIDEL'ICET, adverb [Latin for videre licet.] To wit; namely. An abbreviation for this word is viz.

VID'UAL, adjective [Latin viduus, deprived. Belonging to the state of a widow. [Not used.]

VIDU'ITY, noun [Latin viduitas.] Widowhood. [Not used.]

VIE, verb intransitive [See Victor.]

To strive for superiority; to contend; to use effort in a race, contest, competition, rivalship or strife. How delightful it is to see children vie with each other in diligence and in duties of obedience.

In a trading nation, the younger sons may be placed in a way of life to vie with the best of their family.

VIE, verb transitive

1. To show or practice in competition; as, to vie power; to vie charities. [Not legitimate.]

2. To urge; to press.

She hung about my neck, and kiss and kiss she vied so fast. [Not in use.]

VIELLEUR, noun A species of fly in Surinam, less than the lantern fly.

VIEW, verb transitive vu. [Latin videre. The primary sense is to reach or extend to.]

1. To survey; to examine with the eye; to look on with attention, or for the purpose of examining; to inspect; to explore. view differs from look, see, and behold, in expressing more particular or continued attention to the thing which is the object of sight. We ascended mount Holyoke, and viewed the charming landscape below. We viewed with delight the rich valleys of the Connecticut about the town of Northhampton.

Go up and view the country. Joshua 7:2.

I viewed the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah 7:1.

2. To see; to perceive by the eye.

3. To survey intellectually; to examine with the mental eye; to consider. view the subject in all its aspects.

VIEW, noun vu.

1. Prospect; sight; reach of the eye.

The walls of Pluto's palace are in view

2. The whole extent seen. Vast or extensive views present themselves to the eye.

3. Sight; power of seeing, or limit of sight.

The mountain was not within our view

4. Intellectual or mental sight. These things give us a just view of the designs of providence.

5. Act of seeing. The facts mentioned were verified by actual view

6. Slight; eye.

Objects near our view are thought greater than those of larger size, that are more remote.

7. Survey; inspection; examination by the eye. The assessors took a view of the premises.

Surveying nature with too nice a view

8. Intellectual survey; mental examination.

On a just view of all the arguments in the case, the law appears to be clear.

9. Appearance; show.

10. Display; exhibition to the sight or mind.

To give a right view of this mistaken part of liberty. -

11. Prospect of interest.

No man sets himself about any thing, but upon some view or other, which serves him for a reason.

12. Intention; purpose; design. With that view he began the expedition. With a view to commerce, he passed through Egypt.

13. Opinion; manner of seeing or understanding. These are my views of the policy which ought to be pursued.

VIEW of frankpledge, in law, a court of record, held in a hundred, lordship or manor, before the stewart of the leet.

Point of view the direction in which a thing is seen.

VIEWED, participle passive vu'ed. Surveyed; examined by the eye; inspected; considered.

VIEWER, noun vu'er.

1. One who views, surveys or examines.

2. In New England, a town officer whose duty is to inspect something; as a viewer of fences, who inspects them to determine whether they are sufficient in law.

VIEWING, participle present tense vu'ing. Surveying; examining by the eye or by the mind; inspecting; exploring.

VIEWING, noun vu'ing. The act of beholding or surveying.

VIEWLESS, adjective vu'less. That cannot be seen; not being perceivable by the eye; invisible; as viewless winds.

Swift through the valves the visionary fair repass'd and viewless mix'd with common air.

VIGESIMA'TION, noun [Latin vigesimus, twentieth.]

The act of putting to death every twentieth man.

VIG'IL, noun [Latin vigilia, vigil walking, watchful; vigilo, to watch. This is formed on the root of Eng. wake. The primary sense is to stir or excite, to rouse, to agitate.]

1. Watch; devotion performed in the customary hours of rest or sleep.

So they in heav'n their odes and vigils tun'd.

2. In church affairs, the eve or evening before any feast, the ecclesiastical day beginning at 6:00 in the evening, and continuing till the same hour the following evening; hence, a religious service performed in the evening preceding a holiday.

3. A fast observed on the day preceding a holiday; a wake.

4. Watch; forbearance of sleep; as the vigils of the card table.

Vigils or watchings of flowers, a term used by Linne to express a peculiar faculty belonging to the flowers of certain plants, of opening and closing their petals at certain hours of the day

VIG'ILANCE, noun [Latin vigilans. See Vigil.]

1. Forbearance of sleep; a state of being awake.

2. Watchfulness; circumspection; attention of the mind in discovering and guarding against danger, or providing for safety. vigilance is a virtue of prime importance in a general. The vigilance of the dog is no less remarkable than his fidelity.

3. Guard; watch.

In at this gate none pass the vigilance here plac'd.

VIG'ILANCY, for vigilance, is not used.

VIG'ILANT, adjective [Latin vigilans.] Watchful; circumspect; attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to provide for safety.

Take your places and be vigilant Be sober, be vigilant

1 Peter 5:8.

VIG'ILANTLY, adverb [supra.] Watchfully; with attention to danger and the means of safety; circumspectly.

VIGNET', noun An ornament placed at the beginning of a book, preface or dedication; a head piece. Those vignets are of various forms; often they are wreaths of flowers or sprigs.

VIGNETTE,

VIG'OR, noun [Latin from vigeo, to be brisk, to grow, to be strong; allied to vivo, vixi, to live.]

1. Active strength or force of body in animals; physical force.

The vigor of this arm was never vain.

2. Strength of mind; intellectual force; energy. We say, a man possesses vigor of mind or intellect.

3. Strength or force in vegetable motion; as, a plant grows with vigor.

4. Strength; energy; efficacy.

In the fruitful earth his beams, unactive else, their vigor find.

VIG'OR, verb transitive To invigorate. [not in use.]

VIG'OR, n. [L. from vigeo, to be brisk, to grow, to be strong; allied to vivo, vixi, to live.]

VIG'OR, v.t. To invigorate. [not in use.]

VIG'OROUS, adjective

1. Full of physical strength or active force; strong; lusty; as a vigorous youth; a vigorous body.

2. Powerful; strong; made by strength, either of body or mind; as a vigorous attack; vigorous exertions. The enemy expects a vigorous campaign.

The beginnings of confederacies have been vigorous and successful.

VIG'OROUSLY, adverb With great physical force or strength; forcibly; with active exertions; as, to prosecute an enterprise vigorously

VIG'OROUSNESS, noun The quality of being vigorous or possessed of active strength.

[Vigor and all its derivatives imply active strength, or the power of action and exertion, in distinction from passive strength, or strength to endure.]

VILD,

VILE, adjective [Latin vilis. Gr.]

1. Base; mean; worthless; despicable.

The inhabitants account gold a vile thing.

A man in vile raiment. James 2:1.

Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed as vile in your sight? Job 18:1.

2. Morally base or impure; sinful; depraved by sin; wicked; hateful in the sight of God and of good men. The sons of Eli made themselves vile. 1 Samuel 3:1.

Behold I am vile; what shall I answer? Job 40:4.

VI'LED, adjective Abusive; scurrilous; defamatory. [Not in use.]

VILE, a. [L. vilis. Gr.]

VI'LED, adjective Vile. [Not in use.]

VI'LELY, adverb

1. Basely; meanly; shamefully; as Hector vilely dragged about the walls of Troy.

2. In a cowardly manner. 2 Samuel 1:21.

The Volscians vilely yielded the town.

VI'LENESS, noun

1. Baseness; meanness; despicableness.

His vileness us shall never awe.

2. Moral baseness or depravity; degradation by sin; extreme wickedness; as the vileness of mankind.

VIL'IFIED, participle passive [from vilify.] Defamed; traduced; debased.

VIL'IFIER, noun One who defames or traduces.

VIL'IFY, verb transitive [from vile.]

1. To make vile; to debase; to degrade.

Their Maker's image forsook them, when themselves they vilified to serve ungovern'd appetite.

2. To defame; to traduce; to attempt to degrade by slander.

Many passions dispose us to depress and vilify the merit of one rising in the esteem of mankind.

[This is the most usual sense of the verb.]

VIL'IFYING, participle present tense Debasing; defaming.

VIL'IPEND, verb transitive [Latin vilipendo.] To despise. [Not in use.]

VILIPEND'ENCY, noun Disesteem; alight. [Not in use.]

VIL'ITY, noun Vileness; baseness. [Not in use.]

VILL, noun [Latin villa.] A village; a small collection of houses.

The statute of Exeter, 14 Edward I mentions entire-vills, demi-vills, and hamlets.

VIL'LA, noun [Latin villa ]

A country seat or a farm, furnished with a mansion and convenient out-houses.

VIL'LAGE, noun A small assemblage of houses, less than a town or city, and inhabited chiefly by farmers and other laboring people. In England, it is said that a village is distinguished from a town by the want of a market.

In the United States, no such distinction exists, and any small assemblage of houses in the country is called a village

VIL'LAGER, noun An inhabitant of a village.

VIL'LAGERY, noun a district of villages.

VIL'LAIN,

VIL'LAINOUS, adjective [from villain ]

1. Base; very vile.

2. Wicked; extremely depraved; as a villanous person or wretch.

3. Proceeding from extreme depravity; as a villanous action.

4. Sorry; vile; mischievous; in a familiar sense; as a villanous trick of the eye.

Villanous judgment, in old law, a judgment that casts reproach on the guilty person.

VIL'LAINOUS, a. [from villain.]

VIL'LAINY, noun

1. Extreme depravity; atrocious wickedness; as the villany of the thief or the robber; the villany of the seducer.

The commendation is not in his wit, but in his villany.

2. A crime; an action of deep depravity. In this sense, the word has a plural.

Such villanies roused Horace into wrath.

VIL'LAKIN, noun A little village; a word used by Gay.

VIL'LAN, noun

1. In feudal law, a villain or villein is one who holds lands by a base or servile tenure, or in villenage. Villains were of two sorts; villains regardant, that is, annexed to the manor, adscriptitii glebae; or villains in gross, that is, annexed to the person of their lord, and transferable from one to another.

2. A vile wicked person; a man extremely depraved, and capable or guilty of great crimes. We call by the name of villain, the thief, the robber, the burglarian, the murderer, the incendiary, the ravisher, the seducer, the cheat, the swindler. etc.

Calm thinking villains, whom no faith could fix.

VIL'LANAGE, noun

1. The state of a villain; base servitude.

2. A base tenure of lands; tenure on condition of doing the meanest services for the lord; usually written villenage.

3. Baseness; infamy. [See Villany.]

VIL'LANIZE, verb transitive to debase; to degrade; to defame; to revile.

Were virtue by descent, a noble name could never villanize his father's fame.

VIL'LANIZED, participle passive Defamed; debased. [Little used.

VIL'LANIZING, participle present tense Defaming; debasing. [Little used.]

VIL'LANOUS,

VIL'LANOUSLY, adverb Basely; with extreme wickedness or depravity.

VIL'LANOUSNESS, noun Baseness; extreme depravity.

VIL'LANY,

VILLAT'IC, adjective [Latin villaticus.] Pertaining to a village.

Tame villatic fowl.

VILLAT'IC, a. [L. villaticus.] Pertaining to a village.

VIL'LENAGE, noun [from villain.] a tenure of lands and tenements by base services.

VIL'LOUS, adjective [Latin villosus, from villus, hair, Eng. wool.]

1. Abounding with fine hairs or wooly substance; nappy shaggy; rough; as a villous coat.

The villous coat of the stomach and intentines is the inner mucous membrane, so called from the innumerable villi or fine fibrils with which its internal surface is covered.

2. In botany, pubescent; covered with soft hairs.

VIM'INAL, adjective [Latin viminalis.] Pertaining to twigs; consisting of twigs; producing twigs.

VIMIN'EOUS, adjective [Latin vimineus, from vimen, a twig. Made of twigs or shoots.

In the hive's vimineous dome.

VINA'CEOUS, adjective [from Latin vinacceus.] Belonging to wine or grapes.

VIN'CIBLE, adjective [from Latin vinco, to conquer. See Victor.

Conquerable; that may be overcome or subdued.

He not vincible in spirit -

VIN'CIBLENESS, noun the capacity of being conquered; conquerableness.

VINC'TURE, noun [Latin vinctura.] a binding. [Not in use.]

VINDE'MIAL, adjective [Latin vindemialis, from vindemia, vintage; vinea and demo.] Belonging to a vintage or grape harvest.

VINDE'MIATE, verb intransitive [supra.] to gather the vintage.

VINDEMIA'TION, noun The operation of gathering grapes.

VINDICABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being vindicable, or capable of support or justification.

VIN'DICABLE, adjective [infra.] That may be vindicated, justified or supported.

VIN'DICATE, verb transitive [Latin vindico.]

1. To defend; to justify; to support or maintain as true or correct, against denial, censure or objections.

When the respondent denies any proposition, the opponent must vindicate it.

Laugh where we must, be candid where we can; but vindicate the ways of God to man.

2. To assert; to defend with success; to maintain; to prove to be just or valid; as, to vindicate a claim or title.

3. To defend with arms, or otherwise; as, to vindicate our rights.

4. to avenge; to punish; as a war to vindicate or punish infidelity.

God is more powerful to exact subjection and to vindicate rebellion.

[This latter use is entirely obsolete.]

VIN'DICATED, participle passive Defended; supported; maintained; proved to be just or true.

VIN'DICATING, participle present tense Defending; supporting against denial, censure, charge or impeachment; proving to be true or just; defending by force.

VINDICA'TION, noun [Latin vindico.]

1. The defense of any thing, or a justification against denial or censure, or against objections or accusations; as the vindication of opinions or of a creed; the vindication of the Scriptures against the objections and cavils of infidels.

2. The act of supporting by proof or legal process; the proving of any thing to be just; as the vindication of a title, claim or right.

3. Defense by force or otherwise; as the vindication of the rights of man; the vindication of our liberties or the rights of conscience.

VIN'DICATIVE, adjective

1. Tending to vindicate.

2. Revengeful. [This is now generally vindictive.]

VIN'DICATOR, noun One who vindicates; one who justifies or maintains; one who defends.

VIN'DICATORY, adjective

1. Punitory; inflicting punishment; avenging.

The afflictions of Job were not vindicatory punishments.

2. Tending to vindicate; justificatory.

VINDIC'TIVE, adjective Revengeful; given to revenge.

I am vindictive enough to repel force by force.

VINDIC'TIVELY, adverb By way of revenge; revengefully.

VINDIC'TIVENESS, noun

1. A revengeful temper.

2. Revengefulness.

VINE, noun [Latin vinca. See Wine.]

1. A plant that produces grapes, of the genus Vitis, and of a great number of varieties.

2. The long slender stem of any plant, that trails on the ground, or climbs and supports itself by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing any fixed thing with its tendrils or claspers. Thus we speak of the hop vine the bean vine the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and other encurbitaceous plants.

VI'NED, adjective Having leaves like those of the vine.

VIN'EGAR, noun

1. Vegetable acid; an acid liquor obtained from wine, cider, beer or other liquors, by the second or acetous fermentation. vinegar may differ indefinitely in the degree of its acidity. When highly concentrated, it is called radical vinegar

2. Any thing really or metaphorically sour. [Not in use.]

Vinegar of lead, a liquor formed by digesting ceruse or litharge with a sufficient quantity of vinegar to dissolve it.

VI'NERY, noun In gardening, an erection for supporting vines and exposing them to artificial heat, consisting of a wall with stoves and flues.

VINEYARD,

VIN'NEWED, adjective Moldy; musty. [Not in use.]

VIN'NEWED, a. Moldy; musty. [Not in use.]

VIN'NEWEDNESS, noun Mustiness; moldiness. [Not in use.]

VIN'NY, adjective [supra.] Moldy; musty. [Not in use.]

VIN'OLENCY, noun [Latin vinolentia, from vinum, wine.] Drunkenness. [Not used.]

VIN'OLENT, adjective Given to wine. [Not used.]

VINOS'ITY, noun State or quality of being vinous.

VI'NOUS, adjective [Latin vinum, wine.]

Having the qualities of wine; pertaining to wine; as a vinous taste; a vinous flavor; vinous fermentation.

VINT'AGE, noun [Latin vindemia.]

1. The produce of the vine for the season. The vintage is abundant.

2. The time of gathering the crop of grapes.

3. The wine produced by the crop of grapes in one season.

VINT'AGER, noun One that gathers the vintage.

VINT'NER, noun One who deals in wine; a wine-seller.

VINT'RY, noun A place where wine is sold.

VI'NY, adjective

1. Belonging to vines; producing grapes.

2. Abounding in vines.

VIN'YARD, noun

A plantation of vines producing grapes; properly, an inclosure or yard for grape-vines.

VI'OL, noun A stringed musical instrument, of the same form as the violin, but larger, and having formerly six strings, to be struck with a bow. Viols are of different kinds. The largest of all is the base viol whose tones are deep, soft and agreeable. The violin now takes the place of the old viol

Me softer airs befit, and softer strings of lute, or viol still more apt for mournful things.

VI'OLABLE, adjective [Latin violabilis. See Violate.]

That may be violated, broken or injured.

VIOLA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin viola, a violet.] Resembling violets.

VI'OLATE, verb transitive [Latin violo.]

1. To injure; to hurt; to interrupt; to disturb; as, to violate sleep.

Kindness for man, and pity for his fate, may mix with bliss and yet not violate

2. To break; to infringe; to transgress; as, to violate the laws of the state, or the rules of good breeding; to violate the divine commands; to violate one's vows or promises. Promises and commands may be violated negatively, by non-observance.

3. To injure; to do violence to.

Forbid to violate the sacred fruit.

4. To treat with irreverence; to profane; as, to violate the sanctity of a holy place.

5. To ravish; to compress by force.

VI'OLATED, participle passive Injured; broken; transgressed; ravished.

VI'OLATING, participle present tense Injuring; infringing; ravishing.

VIOLA'TION, noun

1. The act of violating or injuring; interruption, as of sleep or peace.

2. Infringement; transgression; non-observance; as the violation of law or positive command; a violation of covenants, engagements and promises; a violation of vows.

3. Act of irreverence; profanation or contemptuous treatment of sacred things; as the violation of a church.

4. Ravishment; rape.

VI'OLATOR, noun

1. One who violates, injures, interrupts or disturbs; as a violator of repose.

2. One who infringes or transgresses; as a violator of law.

3. One who profanes or treats with irreverence; as a violator of sacred things.

4. A ravisher.

VI'OLENCE, noun [Latin violentia.]

1. Physical force; strength of action or motion; as the violence of a storm; the violence of a blow or of a conflict.

2. Moral force; vehemence. The critic attacked the work with violence

3. Outrage; unjust force; crimes of all kinds.

The earth was filled with violence Genesis 6:11.

4. Eagerness; vehemence.

You ask with violence

5. Injury; infringement. Offer no violence to the laws, or to the rules of civility.

6. Injury; hurt.

Do violence to no man. Luke 3:14.

7. Ravishment; rape.

To do violence to or on, to attack; to murder.

But, as it seems, did violence on herself.

To do violence to, to outrage; to force; to injure. He does violence to his own opinions.

VI'OLENCE, verb transitive To assault; to injure; also, to bring by violence [Little used.]

VI'OLENT, adjective [Latin violentus.

1. Forcible; moving or acting with physical strength; urged or driven with force; as a violent wind; a violent stream; a violent assault or blow; a violent conflict.

2. Vehement; outrageous; as a violent attack on the minister.

3. Produced or continued by force; not spontaneous or natural.

No violent state can be perpetual.

4. Produced by violence; not natural; as a violent death.

5. Acting by violence; assailant; not authorized.

Some violent hands were laid on Humphry's life.

6. Fierce; vehement; as a violent philippic; a violent remonstrance.

We might be reckoned fierce and violent

7. Severe; extreme; as violent pains.

8. Extorted; not voluntary.

Vows made in pain, are violent and void.

Violent presumption, in law, is presumption that arises from circumstances which necessarily attend such facts. Such circumstances being proved, the mind infers with confidence that the fact has taken place, and this confidence is a violent presumption, which amounts to proof.

VI'OLENT, noun An assailant. [Not in use.]

VI'OLENT, verb transitive To urge with violence. [Not used.]

VI'OLENTLY, adverb With force; forcibly; vehemently; as, the wind blows violently

Forfeitures must not be exacted violently

VI'OLET, noun [Latin viola.]

A plant and flower of the genus Viola, of many species.

VI'OLIN, noun

A musical instrument with four strings, played with a bow; a fiddle; one of the most perfect and most powerful instruments that has been invented.

VI'OLINIST, noun A person skilled in playing on a violin.

VI'OLIST, noun A player on the viol.

VIOLONCEL'LO, noun A stringed instrument of music; a base viol of four strings, or a little base violin with long large strings, giving sounds an octave lower than the base violin.

VIOLO'NO, noun A double base, a deep toned instrument.

VI'PER, noun [Latin vipera.]

1. A serpent, a species of coluber, whose bite is remarkably venomous.

A viper came out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. Acts 28:3.

2. A person or thing mischievous or malignant.

VI'PERINE, adjective [Latin viperinus.] Pertaining to a viper or to vipers.

VI'PEROUS, adjective [Latin viperus.] Having the qualities of a viper; malignant; venomous; as a viperous tongue.

VIPER'S BUGLOSS, noun A plant of the genus Echium.

VIPER'S GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Scorzonera.

VIRA'GO, noun [Latin from vir, a man.]

1. A woman of the extraordinary stature, strength and courage; a female who has the robust body and masculine mind of a man; a female warrior.

To arms! to arms! the fierce virago cries.

2. In common language, a bold, impudent, turbulent woman; a termagant.

VIRE, noun An arrow. obsolete

VI'RELAY noun

A song or little poem among the Provencal poets in France; a roundelay. It sometimes consisted of two rhymes only, and short verses, with stops.

To which a lady sung a virelay

VI'RENT, adjective [Latin virens, from vireo, to flourish or be green.]

Green; verdant; fresh.

VIR'GATE, adjective nearly vurgate. [Latin virga, a rod.]

In botany, having the shape of a rod or wand; as a virgate stem.

VIR'GATE, noun A yardland.

VIRGE, [See Verge.]

VIRGIL'IAN, adjective

1. Pertaining to Virgil, the Roman poet.

2. Resembling the style of Virgil.

VIR'GIN, noun nearly vur'gin. [Latin virgo.]

1. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of man.

2. A woman not a mother. [Unusual.]

3. The sign Virgo. [See Virgo.]

VIR'GIN, adjective

1. Pure; untouched; as virgin gold.

2. Fresh; new; unused; as virgin soil.

VIR'GIN, verb intransitive To play the virgin; a cant word.

VIR'GINAL, adjective Pertaining to a virgin; maidenly; as virginal chastity.

VIR'GINAL, noun A keyed instrument of one string, jack and quill to each note, like a spinet, but in shape resembling the forte piano; out of use.

VIR'GINAL, verb intransitive To pat; to strike as on a virginal [A cant word.]

VIRGIN'ITY, noun [Latin virginitas.] Maidenhood; the state of having had no carnal knowledge of man.

VIR'GIN'S BOWER, noun A plant of the genus Clematis.

VIR'GO, noun [Latin] A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters in August; a constellation, containing according to the British catalogue, one hundred and ten stars.

VIRID'ITY, noun [Latin virditas, from vireo, to be green.]

Greenness; verdure; the color of fresh vegetables.

VI'RILE, adjective [Latin virilis, from vir, a man, vireo.]

1. Pertaining to a man, in the eminent sense of the word, [not to man, in the sense of the human race; ] belonging to the male sex; as virile age.

2. Masculine; not puerile or feminine; as virile strength or vigor.

VIRIL'ITY, noun [Latin virilitas.]

1. Manhood; the state of the male sex, which has arrived to the maturity and strength of a man, and to the power of procreation.

2. The power of procreation.

3. Character of man. [Unusual.]

VIR'TU, noun A love of the fine arts; a taste for curiosities.

VIR'TUAL, adjective [See Virtue.]

1. Potential; having the power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the material or sensible part.

Every kind that lives, fomented by his virtual power, and warm'd.

Neither an actual nor virtual intention of the mind, but only that which may be gathered from the outward acts.

2. Being in essence or effect, not in fact; as the virtual presence of a man in his agent or substitute.

VIRTUAL'ITY, noun Efficacy.

VIR'TUALLY, adverb In efficacy or effect only; by means of some virtue or influence, or the instrumentality of something else. Thus the sun is virtually on earth by its light and heat. The citizens of an elective government are virtually present in the legislature by their representatives. A man may virtually agree to a proposition by silence or withholding objections.

VIR'TUATE, verb transitive To make efficacious. [Not in use.]

VIRTUE, noun vur'tu. [Latin virtus, from vireo, or its root. See Worth.] The radical sense is strength, from straining, stretching, extending. This is the primary sense of Latin vir, a man.]

1. Strength; that substance or quality of physical bodies, by which they act and produce effects on other bodies. In this literal and proper sense, we speak of the virtue or virtues of plants in medicine, and the virtues of drugs. In decoctions, the virtues of plants are extracted. By long standing in the open air, the virtues are lost.

2. Bravery valor. This was the predominant signification of virtus among the Romans.

Trust to thy single virtue

[This sense is nearly or quite obsolete.]

3. Moral goodness; the practice of moral duties and the abstaining from vice, or a conformity of life and conversation to the moral law. In this sense, virtue may be, and in many instances must be, distinguished from religion. The practice of moral duties merely from motives of convenience, or from compulsion, or from regard to reputation, is virtue as distinct from religion. The practice of moral duties from sincere love to God and his laws, is virtue and religion. In this sense it is true,

That virtue only makes our bliss below.

VIRTUE is nothing but voluntary obedience to truth.

4. A particular moral excellence; as the virtue of temperance, of chastity, of charity.

Remember all his virtues.

5. Acting power; something efficacious.

Jesus, knowing that virtue had gone out of him, turned - Mark 3:1.

6. Secret agency; efficacy without visible or material action.

She moves the body which she doth possess,

Yet no part toucheth, but by virtue's touch.

7. Excellence; or that which constitutes value and merit.

- Terence, who thought the sole grace and virtue of their fable, the sticking in of sentences.

8. One of the orders of the celestial hierarchy.

Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers.

9. Efficacy; power.

He used to travel through Greece by virtue of this fable, which procured him reception in all the towns.

10. Legal efficacy or power; authority. A man administers the laws by virtue of a commission.

In virtue in consequence; by the efficacy or authority.

This they shall attain, partly in virtue of the promise of God, and partly in virtue of piety.

VIR'TUELESS, adjective

1. Destitute of virtue.

2. Destitute of efficacy or operating qualities.

Virtueless she wish'd all herbs and charms.

VIRTUO'SO, noun A man skilled in the fine arts, particularly in music; or a man skilled in antiquities, curiosities and the like.

Virtuoso the Italians call a man who loves the nobel arts, and is a critic in them.

VIRTUO'SOSHIP, noun The pursuits of a virtuoso.

VIR'TUOUS, adjective

1. Morally good; acting in conformity to the moral law; practicing the moral duties, and abstaining from vice; as a virtuous man.

2. Being in conformity to the moral or divine law; as a virtuous action; a virtuous life.

The mere performance of virtuous actions does not denominate an agent virtuous

3. Chaste; applied to women.

4. Efficacious by inherent qualities; as virtuous herbs; virtuous drugs. [Not in use.]

5. Having great or powerful properties; as virtuous steel; a virtuous staff; a virtuous ring. [Not in use.]

6. Having medicinal qualities. [Not used.]

VIR'TUOUSLY, adverb In a virtuous manner; in conformity with the moral law or with duty; as a life virtuously spent.

A child virtuously educated.

VIR'TUOUSNESS, noun The state or character of being virtuous.

VIR'ULENCE, 'ULENCY, noun [from virulent.]

1. That renders it extremely active in doing injury; acrimony; malignancy; as the virulence of poison.

2. Acrimony of temper; extreme bitterness or malignity; as the virulence of enmity or malice; the virulence of satire; to attack a man with virulence

VIR'ULENT, adjective [Latin virulentus, from virus, poison, that is, strength, from the same root as vir, vireo. See Venom.]

1. Extremely active in doing injury; very poisonous or venomous. No poison is more virulent than that of some species of serpents.

2. Very bitter in enmity; malignant; as a virulent invective.

VIR'ULENTLY, adverb With malignant activity; with bitter spite or severity.

VI'RUS, noun [Latin See Virulent.] Foul or contagious matter of an ulcer, postule, etc.; poison.

VIS'AGE, noun s as z. [Latin visus, video.]

The face; the countenance or look of a person, or of other animal; chiefly applied to human beings; as a wolfish visage

Love and beauty still that visage grace.

His visage was so marred, more than any man. Isaiah 52:14.

VIS'AGED, adjective Having a visage or countenance.

VIS'CERA, noun [Latin] The bowels or intestines; the contents of the abdomen and thorax.

In its most general sense, the organs contained in any cavity of the body, particularly in the three venters, the head, thorax and abdomen.

VIS'CERAL, adjective [Latin viscera.]

1. Pertaining to the viscera or intestines.

2. Feeling; having sensibility. [Unusual.]

VIS'CERATE, verb transitive [supra.] To exenterate; to embowel; to deprive of the entrails or viscera. [Eviscerate is generally used.]

VIS'CID, adjective [Latin viscidus; viscus, birdlime.] Glutinous; sticky; tenacious; not readily separating; as, turpentine, tar, gums, etc. are more or less viscid

VISCID'ITY, noun

1. Glutinousness; tenacity; stickiness.

2. Glutinous concretion.

VISCOS'ITY,

VISCOUNT, noun vi'count. [Latin vice-comes.]

1. An officer who formerly supplied the place of the count or earl; the sheriff of the country.

2. A degree or title of nobility next in rank to an earl.

VISCOUNT, n. vi'count. [L. vice-comes.]

VISCOUNTESS, noun vi'countess. The lady of a viscount; a peeress of the fourth order.

VISCOUNTSHIP, noun vi'countship.

VISCOUNTY, noun vi'county. The quality and office of a viscount.

VIS'COUS, adjective [Latin viscus, birdlime.]

Glutinous; clammy; sticky; adhesive; tenacious; as a viscous juice.

VIS'COUSNESS, noun Glutinousness; tenacity; viscidity; that quality of soft substances which makes them adhere so as not to be easily parted.

VISE, noun An engine or instrument for griping and holding things, closed by a screw; used by artificers.

VISH'NU, noun In the Hindoo mythology, the name of one of the chief deities of the trimurti or triad. He is the second person of this unity, and a personification of the preserving powers.

VISIBIL'ITY, noun s as z.

1. The state or quality of being perceivable to the eye; as the visibility of minute particles, or of distant objects.

2. The state of being discoverable or apparent; conspicuousness; as the perpetual visibility of the church.

VIS'IBLE, adjective s as z. [Latin visibilis.]

1. Perceivable by the eye; that can be seen; as a visible star; the least spot is visible on white paper; air agitated by heat becomes visible; as the air near a heated stove, or over a dry sandy plain, appears like pellucid waves.

Virtue made visible in outward grace.

2. Discovered to the eye; as visible spirits.

3. Apparent; open; conspicuous. Factions at court became more visible

Visible church, in theology, the apparent church of Christ; the whole body of professed believers in Christ, as contradistinguished from the real or invisible church, consisting of sanctified persons.

Visible horizon, the line that bounds the sight.

VIS'IBLENESS, noun State or quality of being visible; visibility.

VIS'IBLY, adverb In a manner perceptible to the eye. The day is visibly governed by the sun; the tides are visibly governed by the moon.

VI'SION, noun s as z. [Latin visio, from video, visus.]

1. The act of seeing external objects; actual sight.

Faith here is turned into vision there.

2. The faculty of seeing; sight. vision is far more perfect and acute in some animals than in man.

3. Something imagined to be seen, though not real; a phantom; a specter.

No dreams, but visions strange.

4. In Scripture, a revelation from God; an appearance or exhibition of something supernaturally presented to the minds of the prophets, by which they were informed of future events. Such were the visions of Isaiah, of Amos, of Ezekiel, etc.

5. Something imaginary; the production of fancy.

6. Any thing which is the object of sight.

VI'SIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a vision.

VI'SIONARY, adjective

1. Affected by phantoms; disposed to receive impressions on the imagination.

Or lull to rest the visionary maid.

2. Imaginary; existing in imagination only; not real; having no solid foundation; as a visionary prospect; a visionary scheme or project.

VI'SIONARY, noun

1. One whose imagination is disturbed.

2. One who forms impracticable schemes; one who is confident of success in a project which others perceive to be idle and fanciful. [Visionist, in a like sense, is not used.]

VIS'IT, verb transitive [Latin visito, viso, to go to see. We see the sense is to go, to move to.]

1. To go or come to see; to attend. The physician visits his patient and prescribes. One friend visits another from respect or affection. Paul and Barnabas visited the churches they had planted, to know their state and confirm their faith. Men visit England, France or Italy in their travels.

2. To go or come to see for inspection, examination, correction of abuses, etc.; as, a bishop visits his diocese; a superintendent visits those persons or works which are under his care.

3. To salute with a present.

Samson visited his wife with a kid. Judges 15:1.

4. To go to and to use; as, to visit the springs.

To visit in mercy, in Scriptural language, to be propitious; to grant requests; to deliver from trouble; to support and comfort.

It is thus God visits his people. Genesis 21:1. Zechariah 10:3.

Luke 12:1.

To visit with the rod, to punish. Psalms 89:32.

To visit in wrath, or visit iniquity or sings upon, to chastise; to bring judgments on; to afflict. Exodus 20:1.

To visit the fatherless and widow, or the sick and imprisoned, to show them regard and pity, and relieve their wants. Matthew 25:36. James 1:27.

VIS'IT, verb intransitive To keep up the interchange of civilities and salutations; to practice going to see others. We ought not to visit for pleasure or ceremony on the sabbath.

VIS'IT, noun

1. The act of going to see another, or of calling at his house; a waiting on; as a visit of civility or respect; a visit of ceremony; a short visit; a long visit; a pleasant visit

2. The act of going to see; as a visit to Saratoga or to Niagara.

3. A going to see or attending on; as the visit of a physician.

4. The act of going to view or inspect; as the visit of a trustee or inspector.

VIS'ITABLE, adjective Liable or subject to be visited. all hospitals built since the reformation are visitable by the king or lord chancellor.

VIS'ITANT, noun One that goes or comes to see another; one who is a guest in the house of a friend.

When the visitant comes again he is no more a stranger.

VISITA'TION, noun [Latin visito.]

1. The act of visiting.

Nothing but peace and gentle visitation

2. Object of visit.

My early visitation and my last. [Unusual.]

3. In law, the act of a superior or superintending officer, who visits a corporation, college, church or other house, to examine into the manner in which it is conducted, and see that its laws and regulations are duly observed and executed. In England, the visitation of the diocese belongs to the bishop; parochial visitation belongs peculiarly to the archdeacons.

4. In Scripture, and in a religious sense, the sending of afflictions and distresses on men to punish them for their sins, or to prove them. Hence afflictions, calamities and judgments are called visitations.

What will ye do in the day of visitation? Isaiah 10:3.

5. Communication of divine love; exhibition of divine goodness and mercy.

VIS'ITED, participle passive Waited on; attended; inspected; subjected to sufferings; favored with relief or mercy.

VIS'ITING, participle present tense

1. Going or coming to see; attending on, as a physician; inspecting officially; afflicting; showing mercy to.

2. adjective Authorized to visit and inspect; as a visiting committee.

VIS'ITING, noun The act of going to see or of attending; visitation.

VIS'ITOR, noun

1. One who comes or goes to see another, as in civility or friendship.

2. A superior or person authorized to visit a corporation or any institution, for the purpose of seeing that the laws and regulations are observed, or that the duties and conditions prescribed by the founder or by law, are duly performed and executed.

The king is the visitor of all lay corporations.

VISITO'RIAL, adjective [from visitor; written improperly visitatorial.]

Belonging to a judicial visitor or superintendent.

An archdeacon has visitorial power in parishes.

VI'SIVE, adjective [from Latin visus.] Pertaining to the power of seeing; formed in the act of seeing. [Not in use.]

VISNE, noun veen. [Latin vicinia.] Neighborhood. [See Venue.]

VISNE, noun [Latin vicinia.] In law, a neighborhood or near place; the place where an action is laid. In certain cases, the court has power to change the venue.

The twelve men who are to try the cause, must be of the same venue where the demand is made.

VEN'UE, noun A thrust. [See Veney.]

VIS'NOMY, noun [a barbarous contraction of physiognomy.] Face; countenance. [Not in use.]

VI'SOR, noun s as z. [Latin visus, video; written also visard, visar, vizard.]

1. A head piece or mask used to disfigure and disguise.

My weaker government since, makes you pull off the visor

Swarms of knaves the visor quite disgrace.

2. A perforated part of a helmet.

VI'SORED, adjective Wearing a visor; masked; disguised.

VIS'TA, noun [Latin visus, video.] A view or prospect through an avenue, as between rows of trees; hence, the trees or other things that form the avenue.

The finish'd garden to the view its vistas opens and its alleys green.

VIS'UAL, adjective s as z. [Latin visus.]

Pertaining to sight; used in sight; serving as the instrument of seeing; as the visual nerve.

The air, no where so clear, sharpen'd his visual ray.

Visual point, in perspective, a point in the horizontal line, in which all the ocular rays unite.

Visual rays, lines of light, imagined to come from the object to the eye.

VI'TAL, adjective [Latin vitalis, from vita, life. This must be a contraction of victa, for vivo forms vixi, victus; Gr. contracted.]

1. Pertaining to life, either animal or vegetable; as vital energies; vital powers.

2. Contributing to life; necessary to life; as vital air; vital blood.

3. Containing life.

Spirits that live throughout, vital in every part - and vital virtue infus'd, and vital warmth.

4. Being the seat of life; being that on which life depends.

The dart flew on, and pierc'd a vital part.

5. Very necessary; highly important; essential. Religion is a business of vital concern. Peace is of vital importance to our country.

6. So disposed as to live.

Pythagoras and Hippocrates affirm the birth of the seventh month to be vital [Little used.]

Vital air, pure air or oxygen gas, which is essential to animal life.

VITAL'ITY, noun [from vital.]

1. Power of subsisting in life; the principle of animation, or of life; as the vitality of vegetable seeds or of eggs.

2. The act of living; animation.

VI'TALIZE, verb transitive To give life.

VI'TALLY, adverb

1. In such a manner as to give life.

The organic structure of human bodies, by which they are fitted to live and move, and to be vitally informed by the soul, is the workmanship of a most wise and beneficent maker.

2. Essentially; as vitally important.

VI'TALS, noun plural

1. Parts of animal bodies essential to life, such as the viscera.

2. The part essential to life, or to a sound state. Corruption of manners preys upon the vitals of a state.

VIT'ELLARY, noun [Latin vitellus, the yolk of an egg.]

The place where the yolk of an egg swims in the white. [Little used.]

VI'TIATE, verb transitive [Latin vitio. See vice and Viciate.]

1. To injure the substance or qualities of a thing, so as to impair or spoil its use and value. Thus we say, luxury vitiates the humors of the body; evil examples vitiate the morals of youth; language is vitiated by foreign idioms.

This undistinguishing complaisance will vitiate the taste of readers.

2. To render defective; to destroy; as the validity or binding force of an instrument or transaction. Any undue influence exerted on a jury vitiates their verdict. Fraud vitiates a contract.

VI'TIATED, participle passive Depraved; rendered impure; rendered defective and void.

VI'TIATING, participle present tense Depraving; rendering of no validity.

VITIA'TION, noun

1. The act of vitiating; depravation; corruption; as the vitiation of the blood.

2. A rendering invalid; as the vitiation of a contract.

VITILIT'IGATE, verb intransitive [Latin vitiosus and litigo.] To contend in law litigiously or cavilously. [Not in use.]

VITILITIGA'TION, noun Cavilous litigation. [Not in use.]

Vitious, vitiously, vitiousness. [See vicious and its derivatives.]

VIT'REOUS, adjective [Latin vitreus, from vitrum, glass or woad.]

1. Pertaining to glass.

2. Consisting of glass; as a vitreous substance.

3. Resembling glass; as the vitreous humor of the eye, so called from its resembling melted glass. [See Humor.]

VIT'REOUSNESS, noun The quality or state of being vitreous; resemblance of glass.

VITRES'CENCE, noun [from Latin vitrum, glass.] Glassiness; or the quality of being capable of conversion into glass; susceptibility of being formed into glass.

VITRES'CENT, adjective Capable of being formed into glass; tending to become glass.

VITRES'CIBLE, adjective That can be vitrified.

VITRIFAC'TION, noun [See vitrify.] The act, process or operation of converting into glass by heat; as the vitrifaction of sand, flint and pebbles with alkaline salts.

VIT'RIFIABLE, adjective [from vitrify.] Capable of being converted into glass by heat and fusion. Flint and alkaline salts are vitrifiable

VIT'RIFICABLE, for vitrifiable. [Not used.]

VIT'RIFICATE, for vitrify. [Not used.]

VITRIFICA'TION, for vitrifaction. [See Vitrifaction, which is generally used.]

VIT'RIFIED, participle passive Converted into glass.

VIT'RIFORM, adjective [Latin vitrum, glass, and form.]

Having the form or resemblance of glass.

VIT'RIFY, verb transitive [Latin vitrum, glass, and facio, to make.]

To convert into glass by fusion or the action of heat; as, to vitrify sand and alkaline salts.

VIT'RIFY, verb intransitive To become glass; to be converted into glass.

Chimists make vessels of animal substances calcined, which will not vitrify in the fire.

VIT'RIOL, noun [Latin vitrum, glass; perhaps from its color.]

1. In mineralogy, native vitriol is a substance of a grayish or yellowish white color, apple green, or sky blue, and when decomposed, covered with an ochery crust. It occurs in masses, disseminated, stalactical, or capillary. Externally, it is dull and rough; internally, it is more or less shining, with a vitreous silky structure. It is called by manufacturers copperas, a name derived from the flower or efflorescence of copper. This substance is seem only in cabinets.

2. In chimistry, a combination of the acid of sulphur with any metallic substance; but chiefly green vitriol or sulphate of iron; blue vitriol or sulphate of copper, and white vitriol or sulphate of zink.

All metals may be converted into vitriols, by dissolving them with acid spirits, and suffering them to stand and crystallize.

VIT'RIOLATE, verb transitive To convert, as sulphur in any compound, into sulphuric acid, formerly called vitriolic acid. Thus the sulphuret of iron vitriolated, becomes sulphate of iron, or green vitriol.

VIT'RIOLATED, participle passive Converted into sulphuric acid or vitriol.

VIT'RIOLATING, participle present tense Turning into sulphuric acid or vitrol.

VITRIOLA'TION, noun The act or process of converting into sulphuric acid or vitriol.

VITRIOL'IC, adjective Pertaining to vitriol; having the qualities of vitriol, or obtained from vitriol.

Vitriolic acid, in modern chimistry is denominated sulphuric acid, the base of it being sulphur; sulphur completely saturated with oxygen.

VIT'RIOLIZABLE, adjective Capable of being converted into sulphuric acid.

VITRIOLIZA'TION. [See Vitriolation.]

VIT'RIOLIZE. [See Vitriolate.]

VIT'RIOLIZED. [See Vitriolated.]

VIT'RIOLIZING, [See Vitriolating.]

VIT'ULINE, adjective [Latin vitulinus.] Belonging to a calf, or to veal.

VITU'PERABLE, adjective [See Vituperate.]

Blameworthy; censurable. [Not used.]

VITU'PERATE, verb transitive [Latin vitupero.] To blame; to censure. [Little used.]

VITUPERA'TION, noun [Latin vituperatio.] Blame; censure. [Little used.]

VITU'PERATIVE, adjective Uttering or writing censure; containing censure.

VIVA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin vivax, from vivo, to live.]

1. Lively; active; sprightly in temper or conduct.

2. Long lived. [Not in use.]

3. Having vigorous powers of life; as vivacious plants.

VIVA'CIOUSNESS, noun

1. Activity; liveliness; sprightliness of temper or behavior; vivacity.

2. Power of living; also, long life. [Not in use.]

VIVAC'ITY, noun [Latin vivacitas.]

1. Liveliness; sprightliness of temper or behavior; as a lady of great vivacity

2. Air of life and activity; as vivacity of countenance.

3. Life; animation; spirits; as the vivacity of a discourse.

4. Power of living. [Not used.]

5. Longevity. [Not in use.]

VI'VARY, noun [Latin vivarium, from vivo, to live.]

A warren; a place for keeping living animals, as a pond, a park, etc.

Viva voce, [Latin] by word of mouth; as, to vote viva voce.

VIVE, adjective [Latin vivus.] Lively; forcible. [Not in use.]

VI'VELY, adverb In a lively manner. [Not used.]

VI'VENCY, noun [Latin vivens, from vivo.] Manner of supporting life or vegetation. [Not in use.]

VIVES, noun A disease of animals, particularly of horses, seated in the glads under the ear, where a tumor is formed which sometimes ends in suppuration.

VIV'IANITE, noun A phosphate of iron, of various shades of blue and green.

VIV'ID, adjective [Latin vividus, from vivo, to live.]

1. Lively; sprightly; active.

Body is a fit workhouse for sprightly vivid faculties to exert themselves in.

2. Lively; sprightly; forming brilliant images, or painting in lively colors; as a vivid imagination.

3. Bright; strong; exhibiting the appearance of life or freshness; as the vivid colors of the rainbow; the vivid green of flourishing vegetables.

Arts which present, with all the vivid charms of painting, the human face and human form divine.

VIV'IDLY, adverb

1. With life; with strength.

Sensitive objects affect a man much more vividly than those which affect only his mind.

2. With brightness; in bright colors.

3. In glowing colors; with animated exhibition to the mind. The orator vividly represented the miseries of his client.

VIV'IDNESS, noun

1. Life; strength; sprightliness.

2. Strength of coloring; brightness.

VIVIF'IC,

VIVIF'ICAL, adjective [Latin vivificus. See Vivify.] Giving life; reviving; enlivening.

VIV'IFICATE, verb transitive [Latin vivifico, vivus, alive, and facio, to make.]

1. to give life to; to animate. [See Vivify.]

2. In chimistry, to recover from such a change of form as seems to destroy the essential qualities; or to give to natural bodies new luster, force and figor.

VIVIFICA'TION, noun

1. The act of giving life; revival.

2. Among chimists, the act of giving new luster, force and vigor; as the vivification of mercury.

VIV'IFICATIVE, adjective Able to animate or give life.

VIV'IFIED, participle passive revived; endued with life.

VIV'IFY, verb transitive [Latin vivfico; vivus, alive, and facio, to make.]

To endue with life; to animate; to make to be living.

Sitting on eggs doth vivify not nourish.

VIV'IFYING, participle present tense enduing with life; communicating life to.

VIVIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin vivus, alive, and pario, to bear.]

1. Producing young in a living state, as all mammifers; as distinguished from oviparous, producing eggs, as fowls. If fowls were viviparous it is difficult to how the female would fly during preganancy.

2. In botany, producing its offspring alive, either by bulbs instead of seeds, or by the seeds themselves germinating on the plant, instread of falling, as they usually do; as a viviparous plant.

VIX'EN, noun [vixen is a she fox, or a fox's cub.

A froward, turbulent, quarrelsome woman.

VIX'ENLY, adjective having the qualities of a vixen.

VIZ. a contraction of videlicet; to wit, that is, namely.

VIZ'ARD, noun a mask. [See Visor.]

VIZ'ARD, verb transitive To mask.

VI'ZER, noun The chief minister of the Turkish empire.

VIZ'IER,

VO'CABLE, noun [Latin vocabulum. See Voice.]

A word; a term; a name.