TOAD, noun A paddoc, an animal of the genus Rana, the Rana Bufo of Linne; a small clumsy animal, the body warty, thick and disgusting to the sight, but perfectly harmless, and indeed it is said to be useful in gardens by feeding on noxious worms.

TOAD'EATER, noun A vulgar name given to a fawning, obsequious parasite; a mean sycophant.

TOAD'FISH, noun [toad and fish.] A fish of the genus Lophius, the fishing frog.

TOADISH, adjective Like a toad. [Not used.]

TOAST, verb transitive [Latin tostus.]

1. To dry and scorch by the heat of a fire; as, to toast bread or cheese. [It is chiefly limited in its application to these two articles.]

2. To warm thoroughly; as, to toast the feet. [Not much used.]

3. To name when a health is drank; to drink to the health in honor of; as, to toast a lady. Addison writes 'to toast the health; ' a form of expression I believe not now used.

TOAST, noun Bread dried and scorched by the fire; or such bread dipped in melted butter, or in some liquor. Dry toast is bread scorched, or it is scorched bread with butter spread upon it. Soft toast is made by immersing toasted bread in melted butter, and called dipped toast

1. A female whose health is drank in honor or respect.

The wise man's passion, and the vain man's toast

2. He or that which is named in honor in drinking.

TOASTED, participle passive Scorched by heat; named in drinking the health.

TOASTER, noun One who toasts.

1. An instrument for toasting bread or cheese.

TO'ASTING, participle present tense Scorching by fire; drinking to the honor of.

TOBAC'CO, noun [so named from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, in Spanish America, where it was first found by the Spaniards.]

A plant, a native of America, of the genus Nicotiana, much used for smoking and chewing and in snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic. tobacco has a strong disagreeable smell, and an acrid taste. When first used it sometimes occasions vomiting; but the practice of using it in any form, soon conquers distaste, and forms a relish for it that is strong and almost unconquerable.

TOBAC'CONIST, noun A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco.

TOCK'AY, noun A species of spotted lizard in India.

TOC'SIN, noun An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm.

TOD, noun

1. A bush; a thick shrub.

2. A quantity of wool of twenty eight pounds, or two stone.

3. A fox.

TOD, verb transitive To weigh; to produce a tod [Not in use.]

TO'DAY, noun [to and day.] The present day.

TOD'DY, noun A juice drawn from various kinds of the palm in the E. Indies; or a liquor prepared from it.

1. A mixture of spirit and water sweetened. toddy differs from grog in having a greater proportion of spirit, and in being sweetened.

TO'DY, noun A genus of insectivorous birds, of the order of Picae; natives of warm climates.

TOE, noun [Latin digitus . toe is contracted from tog, the primary word on which Latin digitus is formed, coinciding with dug, and signifying a shoot.]

1. One of the small members which form the extremity of the foot, corresponding to a finger on the hand. The toes in their form and structure resemble the fingers, but are shorter.

2. The fore part of the hoof of a horse, and of other hoofed animals.

3. The member of a beast's foot corresponding to the toe in man.

TOFT, noun [probably from the root of tuft.]

1. A grove of trees.

2. In law books, a place where a messuage has stood, but is decayed.

TO'GATED

TO'GED, adjective [Latin toga, a gown; togatus, gowned.] Gowned; dressed in a gown; wearing a gown; as toged consuls.

TO'GED, a. [L. toga, a gown; togatus, gowned.] Gowned; dressed in a gown; wearing a gown; as toged consuls.

TOGETH'ER, adverb

1. In company. We walked together to the wood.

2. In or into union.

The king joined humanity and policy together

3. In the same place; as, to live together in one house.

4. In the same time; as, to live together in the same age.

5. In concert; as, the allies made war upon France together

6. Into junction or a state of union; as, to sew, knit, pin or fasten two things together; to mix things together

Together with, in union with; in company or mixture with.

Take the bad together with the good.

TOG'GEL, noun A small wooden pin tapering towards both ends.

TOIL, verb intransitive To labor; to work; to exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, particularly of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration.

Master, we have toiled all night and caught nothing. Luke 5:5.

TOIL, verb transitive To toil out, to labor; to work out.

TOIL'd out my uncouth passage--

1. To weary; to overlabor; as toil'd with works of war.

[Not in use nor proper.]

TOIL, noun Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind. toil may be the labor of the field or the workshop, or of the camp. What toils men endure for the acquisition of wealth, power and honor! Genesis 5:29.

TOIL, noun [Latin tela, a web; from spreading, extending or laying.]

A net or snare; any thread, web or string spread for taking prey.

A fly falls into the toils of a spider.

TOIL'ER, noun One who toils, or labors with pain.

TOIL'ET, noun

1. A covering or cloth of linen, silk or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or dressing room. Hence,

2. A dressing table.

TOIL'ING, participle present tense Laboring with pain.

TOIL'SOME, adjective Laborious; wearisome; attended with fatigue and pain; as toilsome work; a toilsome task.

What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks?

1. Producing toil; as a toilsome day or journey.

TOIL'SOMENESS, noun Laboriousness; wearisomeness.

TOISE, noun tois. A fathom or long measure in France, containing six feet; but the French foot is longer than the English, 76 being equal to 81 English feet.

TOKA'Y, noun A kind of wine produced at tokay in Hungary, made of white grapes. It is distinguished from other wines by its aromatic taste. It is not good till it is about three years old, and it continues to improve as long as it is kept.

TOKEN, noun to'kn. [Latin signum, dialetically varied, or from the same radix.]

1. A sign; something intended to represent or indicate another thing or an event. Thus the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah. The blood of the paschal lamb, sprinkled on the doors of the Hebrews, was a token to the destroying angel of God's will that he should pass by those houses. Genesis 9:12. Exodus 12:13.

Show me a token for good. Psalms 86:17.

2. A mark. In pestilential diseases, tokens are livid spots upon the body, which indicate the approach of death.

3. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind.

4. In coinage, tokens were coins struck in the reign of Elizabeth in the cities of Bristol, Oxford and Worcester, and also by private persons, which were put into circulation, and upon being returned, the issuer gave the value of them in current money.

5. In printing, ten quires of paper; an extra quire is usually added to every other token when counted out for the press.

TO'KEN, verb transitive To make known. [Not in use.]

TO'KENED, adjective Being marked with spots.

TOL, verb transitive [Latin tollo.] To take away; a law term.

TO'LA, noun In India, a weight for gold and silver, but different in different places.

TOLD, preterit tense and participle passive of tell.

Who told thee that thou wast naked? Genesis 3:11.

Thou hast mocked me, and told me lies. Judges 16:2.

--Sheep and oxen that could not be told 1 Kings 8:5.

TOLE, verb transitive To draw or cause to follow by presenting something pleasing or desirable to view; to allure by some bait. Thus our farmers tole sheep and make them follow, by holding to them a measure of corn or some portion of fodder. In New England, it is applied only to the alluring of beasts. Locke has applied it to men.

TO'LED, participle passive Drawn; allured; induced to follow.

TOL'ERABLE, adjective [Latin tolerabilis. See Tolerate.]

1. That may be borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally. The cold in Canada is severe, but tolerable The insults and indignities of our enemies are not tolerable

It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Matthew 10:15.

2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment or opposition; as a tolerable translation; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable administration.

TOL'ERABLENESS, noun The state of being tolerable.

TOL'ERABLY, adverb Supportably; in a manner to be endured.

1. Moderately well; passably; not perfectly; as a constitution tolerably firm. The advocate speaks tolerably well.

TOL'ERANCE, noun [Latin tolerantia, from tolero, to bear.] The power or capacity of enduring; or the act of enduring.

Diogenes one frosty morning came to the market place shaking, to show his tolerance

[Little used. But intolerance is in common use.]

TOL'ERANT, adjective Enduring; indulgent; favoring toleration.

TOL'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin tolero, from tollo, to lift.] To suffer to be or to be done without prohibition or hinderance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; as, to tolerate opinions or practices. The protestant religion is tolerated in France, and the Roman Catholic in Great Britain.

Crying should not be tolerated in children.

The law of love tolerates no vice, and patronizes every virtue.

TOL'ERATED, participle passive Suffered; allowed; not prohibited or restrained.

TOL'ERATING, participle present tense Enduring; suffering to be or to be done; allowing; not restraining.

TOLERA'TION, noun [Latin toleratio.] The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly approved; appropriately, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state, when contrary to or different from those of the established church or belief. toleration implies a right in the sovereign to control men in their opinions and worship, or it implies the actual exercise of power in such control. Where no power exists or none is assumed to establish a creed and a mode of worship, there can be no toleration in the strict sense of the word, for one religious denomination has as good a right as another to the free enjoyment of its creed and worship.

TOLL, noun [Gr. toll custom, and end, exit, from cutting off; Eng. dole; diolam, to sell, to exchange, to pay toll This is from the root of deal. See Deal.]

1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market or the like.

2. A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.

3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding.

TOLL, verb intransitive To pay toll or tallage.

1. To take toll as by a miller.

TOLL, verb intransitive To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person.

Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell.

TOLL, verb transitive [supra.] To cause a bell to sound with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated, as for summoning public bodies or religious congregations to their meetings, or for announcing the death of a person, or to give solemnity to a funeral. Tolling is a different thing from ringing.

TOLL, verb transitive [Latin tollo.] To take away; to vacate; to annul; a law term.

1. To draw. [See Tole.]

TOLL, noun A particular sounding of a bell.

TOLLING, participle present tense Causing to sound in a slow grave manner.

1. Taking away; removing.

2. Sounding, as a bell.

TOLU BALSAM, noun Balsam of Tolu, a balsam produced from a tree growing in Tolu, in S. America.

TOLUTA'TION, noun [Latin toluto.] A pacing or ambling. [Not used.]

TOM'AHAWK, noun An Indian hatchet.

TOM'AHAWK, verb transitive To cut or kill with a hatchet called a tomahawk

TOMA'TO, noun A plant, and its fruit, a species of Solanum. It is called sometimes the love-apple.

TOMB, noun toom. [Latin tumulus, a heap or hillock; tumeo, to swell.]

1. A grave; a pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited.

As one dead in the bottom of a tomb

2. A house or vault formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof for the reception of the dead.

3. A monument erected to preserve the memory of the dead.

TOMB, verb transitive To bury; to inter. [See Entomb.]

TOM'BAC, noun A white allow of copper; a metallic composition made by mixing and fusing together a large quantity of zink with a smaller quantity of copper, with arsenic.

TOMBLESS, adjective Destitute of a tomb or sepulchral monument.

TOM'BOY, noun [Tom, Thomas, and boy.] A rude boisterous boy; also in sarcasm, a romping girl. [Vulgar.]

TOMBSTONE, noun [tomb and stone.] A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased; a monument.

TOME, noun [Gr. a piece or section, to cut off.] A book; as many writings as are bound in a volume, forming the part of a larger work. It may be applied to a single volume.

TOMENT'OUS, adjective [Latin tomentum, down.] In botany, downy; nappy; cottony; or flocky; covered with hairs so close as scarcely to be discernible, or with a whitish down, like wool; as a tomentous stem or leaf.

TOM'PION, noun The stopper of a cannon or other piece of ordnance, consisting of a cylinder of wood.

TOM'TIT, noun A little bird, the titmouse.

TON, the termination of names of places, is town.

TON, noun The prevailing fashion.

TON, noun The weight of twenty hundred gross. [See Tun.] This is false orthography. The word is from the Saxon tunna, a cask, and the sense of weight is taken from that of a cask or butt.

TONE, noun [Latin tonus; Gr. sound; Latin tono; Gr. to sound, to strain or stretch. The Latin sonus is probably the same word in a different dialect.]

1. Sound, or modification of sound; any impulse or vibration of the air which is perceptible by the ear; as a low tone high tone or loud tone; a grave tone; an acute tone; a sweet tone; a harsh tone

2. Accent; or rather, a particular inflection of the voice, adapted to express emotion or passion; a rhetorical sense of the word.

Eager his tone and ardent were his eyes.

3. A whining sound; a whine; a kind of mournful strain of voice; as, children often read with a tone

4. An affected sound in speaking.

5. In music, an interval of sound; as, the difference between the diapente and diatessaron, is a tone Of tones there are two kinds, major and minor. The tone major is in the ratio of 8 to 9, which results from the difference between the fourth and fifth. The tone minor is as 9 to 10, resulting from the difference between the minor third and the fourth.

6. The tone of an instrument, is its peculiar sound with regard to softness, evenness and the like.

7. In medicine, that state of organization in a body, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor. tone in its primary signification, is tension, and tension is the primary signification of strength. Hence its application to the natural healthy state of animal organs. tone therefore in medicine, is the strength and activity of the organs, from which proceed healthy functions. So we say, the body is in a sound state, the health is sound or firm.

TONE, verb transitive To utter with an affected tone

1. To tune. [See Tune.]

TO'NED, adjective Having a tone; used in composition; as high-toned; sweet-toned.

TO'NELESS, adjective Having no tone; unmusical.

TONG, noun [See Tongs.] The catch of a buckle. [Not used.] [See Tongue.]

TONGS, noun plural An instrument of metal, consisting of two parts or long shafts joined at one end; used for handling things, particularly fire or heated metals. We say, a pair of tongs a smith's tongs

TONGUE

TONGUE-GR'AFTING

TUNG'-GR'AFTING, noun A mode of grafting by inserting the end of a cion in a particular manner.

TONGUED

TONGUELESS

TON'IC, adjective [Latin tonus. See Tone.]

1. Literally, increasing tension; hence, increasing strength, as tonic power.

2. In medicine, increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring healthy functions.

3. Relating to tones or sounds.

4. Extended. [Not in use.]

Tonic spasm, in medicine, a rigid contraction of the muscles without relaxation, as in tetanus, etc.

TON'IC, noun A medicine that increases the tone of the muscular fiber, and gives vigor and action to the system.

A medicine which increases the tone or strength of the body.

1. In music, the key-note or principal sound which generates all the rest.

2. In music, a certain degree of tension, or the sound produced by a vocal string in a given degree of tension.

TONGUELESS

TON'IC, a. [L. tonus. See Tone.]

Tonic spasm, in medicine, a rigid contraction of the muscles without relaxation, as in tetanus, &c.

TON'IC, n. A medicine that increases the tone of the muscular fiber, and gives vigor and action to the system.

TON'NAGE, noun [from ton, a corrupt orthography. See Tun.]

1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or ship.

2. The cubical content or burthen of a ship in tuns; or the amount of weight which she may carry.

3. A duty or impost on ships, estimated per tun; or a duty, toll or rate payable on goods per tun, transported on canals.

TON'SIL, noun [Latin tonsilloe. This word seems to be formed from tonsus, tondeo, to clip.] In anatomy, a glandular body at the passage from the mouth to the pharynx. The tonsils are called also from their shape, amygdaloe, and in popular language, almonds. The tonsils have several excretory ducts opening into the mouth.

TON'SIL, adjective That may be clipped.

TON'SURE, noun [Latin tonsura, from tonsus, shaved; tondeo, to clip or shave.]

1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the head; or the state of being shorn.

2. In the Romish church, tonsure is the first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, who cuts off a part of his hair with prayers and benedictions. Hence tonsure is used to denote entrance or admission into holy orders.

3. In the Romish church, the corona or crown which priests wear as a mark of their order and of their rank in the church.

TONTINE, noun An annuity on survivorship; or a loan raised on life-annuities, with the benefit of survivorship. Thus an annuity is shared among a number, on the principle that the share of each, at his death, is enjoyed by the survivors, until at last the whole goes to the last survivor, or to the last two or three, according to the terms on which the money is advanced.

TO'NY, noun A simpleton. [Ludicrous.]

TOO, adverb

1. Over; more than enough; noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much.

His will too strong to bend, too proud to learn.

2. Likewise; also; in addition.

A courtier and a patriot too

Let those eyes that view

The daring crime, behold the vengeance too

3. too too repeated, denotes excess emphatically; but this repetition is not in respectable use.

TOOK, preterit tense of take.

Enoch was not, for God took him. Genesis 5:24.

TOOK'PICK

TOOL, noun [In old Law Latin, we find attile, attilia, stores, tools, implements.]

1. An instrument of manual operation, particularly such as are used by farmers and mechanics; as the tools of a joiner, cabinet maker, smith or shoemaker.

2. A person used as an instrument by another person; a word of reproach. Men of intrigue always have their tools, by whose agency they accomplish their purposes.

TOOL, verb transitive To shape with a tool.

TOOL, n. [In old Law Latin, we find attile, attilia, stores, tools, implements.]

TOOL, v.t. To shape with a tool.

TOOM, adjective Empty. [Not in use.]

TOOT, verb intransitive [Latin do, dedi.]

1. To stand out or be prominent. [Not in use.]

2. To make a particular noise with the tongue articulating with the root of the upper teeth, at the beginning and end of the sound; also, to sound a horn in a particular manner.

This writer should wear a tooting horn.

3. To peep; to look narrowly. [Not in use, and probably a mistaken interpretation.]

TOOT, verb transitive To sound; as, to toot the horn.

TOOT'ER, noun One who plays upon a pipe or horn.

TOOTH, noun plural teeth. [Latin dens.]

1. A bony substance growing out of the jaws of animals, and serving as the instrument of mastication. The teeth are also very useful in assisting persons in the utterance of words, and when well formed and sound, they are ornamental. The teeth of animals differ in shape, being destined for different offices. The front teeth in men and quadrupeds are called incisors, or incisive or cutting teeth; next to these are the pointed teeth, called canine or dog teeth; and on the sides of the jaws are the molar teeth or grinders.

2. Taste; palate.

These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth

3. A tine; a prong; something pointed and resembling an animal tooth; as the tooth of a rake, a comb, a card, a harrow, a saw, or of a wheel. The teeth of a wheel are sometimes called cogs, and are destined to catch corresponding parts of other wheels.

TOOTH and nail, [by biting and scratching, ] with one's utmost power; by all possible means.

To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face.

That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth.

To cast in the teeth, to retort reproachfully; to insult to the face.

In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort.

To show the teeth, to threaten.

When the law shows her teeth, but dares not bite.

TOOTH, verb transitive To furnish with teeth; as, to tooth a rake.

1. To indent; to cut into teeth; to jag; as, to tooth a saw.

2. To lock into each other.

TOOTH'ACHE, noun [tooth and ache.] Pain in the teeth.

TOOTH'ED, participle passive or adjective Having teeth or jags. In botany, dentate; having projecting points, remote from each other, about the edge.

TOOTH'-EDGE, noun [tooth and edge.] The sensation excited by grating sounds, and by the touch of certain substances.

TOOTH'FUL, adjective Palatable. [Not in use.]

TOOTH'LESS, adjective Having no teeth.

TOOTH'LETTED, adjective In botany, denticulate; having very small teeth or notches; as a leaf.

TOOTH'PICKER, noun [tooth and pick.] An instrument for cleaning the teeth of substances lodged between them.

TOOTH'SOME, adjective Palatable; grateful to the taste.

TOOTH'SOMENESS, noun Pleasantness to the taste.

TOOTH'WORT, noun A plant whose roots resemble human teeth, such as the Lathroea squamaria, various species of Dentaria, the Ophrys corallorrhiza, etc. This name is also given to the lead-wort, of the genus Plumbago, form its toothed corol.

TOOTH'Y, adjective Toothed; having teeth.

TOOT'ING, participle present tense Sounding in a particular manner.

TOP, noun

1. The highest part of any thing; the upper end, edge or extremity; as the top of a tree; the top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain.

2. Surface; upper side; as the top of the ground.

3. The highest place; as the top of preferment.

4. The highest person; the chief.

5. The utmost degree.

The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work.

If you attain the top of your desires in fame--

6. The highest rank. Each boy strives to be at the top of his class, or at the top of the school.

7. The crown or upper surface of the head.

8. The hair on the crown of the head; the forelock.

9. The head of a plant.

10. An inverted conoid which children play with by whirling it on its point, continuing the motion with a whip.

11. In ship-building, a sort of platform, surrounding the head of the lower mast and projecting on all sides. It serves to extend the shrouds, by which means they more effectually support the mast; and in ships of war, the top furnishes a convenient stand for swivels and small arms to annoy the enemy.

TOP'-ARMOR, noun In ships, a railing on the top supported by stanchions and equipped with netting.

TOP'-BLOCK, noun In ships, a block hung to an eye-bolt in the cap, used in swaying and lowering the top-mast.

TO'PAN, noun A name of the horned Indian raven, or rhinoceros bird.

TO'PARCH, noun [Gr.place, and a chief.] The principal man in a place or country.

TO'PARCHY, noun A little state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty country governed by a toparch. Judea was formerly divided into ten toparchies.

TO'PAZ, noun [Gr.] A mineral, said to be so called from Topazos, a small isle in the Arabic gulf, where the Romans obtained a stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of the moderns. The topaz is of a yellowish color. It sometimes occurs in masses, but more generally crystallized in rectangular octahedrons. topaz is valued as a gem or precious stone, and is used in jewelry. It consists of silex, fluoric acid and alumin, in the following proportions; alumin 57 parts, silex 34, and fluoric acid 7 or 8.

Of topaz there are three subspecies, common topaz shorlite and physalite.

TOPAZ'OLITE, noun A variety of precious garnet, of a topaz yellow color, or an olive green.

TOPE, noun A fish of the shark kind, the squalus galeus of Linne.

TOPE, verb intransitive To drink hard; to drink strong or spiritus liquors to excess.

If you tope in form, and treat--

TO'PER, noun One who drinks to excess; a drunkard; a sot.

TOP'ET, noun A small bird, the crested titmouse.

N.B. The crested titmouse of Latham, Parus bicolor, is the toupet titmouse of Pennant.

TOP'FULL, adjective [top and full.] Full to the brim.

TOPH

TOPHA'CEOUS, adjective Gritty; sandy; rough; stony.

TO'PHET, noun [Heb. tophet a drum.] Hell; so called from a place east of Jerusalem where children were burnt to Moloch, and where drums were used to drown their cries.

TO'PHI, noun Ducksten; a stone formed by earthy depositions; called also tufa or trass.

TOPH'IN, noun [from the Latin.] A kind of sandstone.

TOP'IARY, adjective [Latin topiarius, ornamented.] Shaped by clipping or cutting.

TOP'IC, noun [Gr. place; Latin topicus, topica.]

1. Any subject of discourse or argument. The Scriptures furnish an unlimited number of topics for the preacher, and topics infinitely interesting.

2. In rhetoric, a probable argument drawn from the several circumstances and places of a fact. Aristotle wrote a book of topics. Cicero defines topics to be the art of finding arguments.

3. Principle of persuasion.

Contumacious persons whom no topics can work upon.

4. In medicine, an external remedy; a remedy to be applied outwardly to a particular part of the body, as a plaster, a poultice, a blister and the like.

TOP'IC

TOP'ICAL, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to a place, limited; local; as a topical remedy.

1. Pertaining to a topic or subject of discourse, or to a general head.

TOP'ICALLY, adverb Locally; with limitation to a part.

1. With application to a particular part; as a remedy topically applied.

TOP'LESS, adjective Having no top; as a topless highth.

TOP'MAN, noun [top and man.] The man who stands above in sawing.

1. In ships, a man standing in the top.

TOPOG'RAPHER, noun [See Topography.] One who describes a particular place, town, city or tract of land.

TOPOGRAPH'IC

TOPOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place.

TOPOGRAPH'ICAL, a. Pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place.

TOPOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of topography.

TOPOG'RAPHY, noun [Gr.place, and description.] The description of a particular place, city, town, manor, parish or tract of land. It is of more limited application than choreography.

TOP'PED

TOP'PING, participle present tense Covering the top; capping; surpassing; cropping; lopping.

1. adjective Fine; gallant.

[But Johnson's definition is probably incorrect.]

2. Proud; assuming superiority. [This is the sense in which the common people of noun England use the word, and I believe the true sense, but it is not elegant.]

TOP'PING, noun In seamen's language, the act of pulling one extremity of a yard higher than the other.

TOP'PING, ppr. Covering the top; capping; surpassing; cropping; lopping.

TOP'PING, n. In seamen's language, the act of pulling one extremity of a yard higher than the other.

TOP'PINGLY, adverb Proudly; with airs of disdain. [Not an elegant word, nor much used.]

TOP'PLE, verb intransitive [from top.] To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down.

Though castles topple on their warders' heads.

[This word is used chiefly of children when beginning to walk.]

TOP'PLING, participle present tense Falling forward.

TOPT, participle passive or adjective Covered on the top; capped; surpassed; cropped; having the top cut off.

TOP'TOP, noun The highest or utmost degree.

TOQUET, noun toka'. A kind of bonnet or head dress for women.

TOR, noun [Latin turris.] A tower; a turret; also, a high pointed hill; used in names.

TORCH, noun [Latin torqueo, tortus.] A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood or of candles.

They light the nuptial torch

TORCH'ER, noun One that gives light. [Not used.]

TORCH'-LIGHT, noun [torch and light.] The light of a torch or of torches.

1. A light kindled to supply the want of the sun.

TORE, preterit tense of tear. He tore his robe.

TORE, noun The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. [Used in New England.]

TORE, noun [Latin torus.] In architecture, a large round molding on the base of a column. It is distinguished from the astragali by its size. The bases of the Tuscan and Doric columns have only one tore which is between the plinth and listel. In the Attic base there are two.

TOREUMATOG'RAPHY, noun [Gr. sculpture, and description.] A description of ancient sculptures and basso-relievos.

TOR'MENT, noun [Latin tormentum.; torqueo, torno; Eng. tour; that is, from twisting, straining.]

1. Extreme pain; anguish; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind.

The more I see

Pleasure about me, so much I feel

Torment within me.

Lest they also come into this place of torment Luke 16:28. Revelation 9:5. 14.

2. That which gives pain, vexation or misery.

They brought to him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments. Matthew 4:24.

3. An engine for casting stones.

TORMENT', verb transitive To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating pain and misery, either of body or mind.

Art thou come hither to torment us before the time? Matthew 8:29.

He shall be tormented with fire and brimstone. Revelation 14:11.

1. To pain; to distress.

Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. Matthew 8:29.

2. To tease; to vex; to harass; as, to be tormented with importunities, or with petty annoyances.

3. To put into great agitation.

They soaring on main wing

Tormented all the air. [Unusual.]

TORMENT'ED, participle passive Painted to extremity; teased; harassed.

TORMENT'IL, noun A genus of plants, the septfoil. The root is used in medicines as a powerful astringent, and for alleviating gripes or tormina, whence its name.

TORMENT'ING, participle present tense Paining to an extreme degree; inflicting severe distress and anguish; teasing; vexing.

TORMENT'ING, noun In agriculture, an imperfect sort of horse-hoeing.

TORMENT'OR, noun He or that which torments; one who inflicts penal anguish or tortures.

1. In agriculture, an instrument for reducing a stiff soil.

TORN, participle passive of tear.

Neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn by the beasts in the field. Exodus 22:13.

TORNA'DO, noun [from the root of turn; that is, a whirling wind.]

A violent gust of wind, or a tempest, distinguished by a whirling motion. tornadoes of this kind happen after extreme heat, and sometimes in the United States, rend up fences and trees, and in a few instances have overthrown houses and torn them to pieces. Tornadoes are usually accompanied with severe thunder, lightning and torrents of rain; but they are of short duration, and narrow in breadth.

TO'ROUS, adjective [Latin torosus.] In botany, protuberant; swelling in knobs, like the veins and muscles; as a torous pericarp.

TORPE'DO, noun [Latin from torpeo, to be numb.] The cramp fish or electric ray, Raia torpedo This fish is usually taken in forty fathoms water, on the coast of France and England, and in the Mediterranean. A touch of this fish occasions a numbness in the limb, accompanied with an indescribable and painful sensation, and is really an electric shock. When dead, the fish loses its power of producing this sensation.

TOR'PENT, adjective [Latin torpens, torpeo.] Benumbed; torpid; having no motion or activity; incapable of motion.

A frail and torpent memory.

TOR'PENT, noun In medicine, that which diminishes the exertion of the irritative motions.

TORPES'CENCE, noun A state of insensibility; torpidness; numbness; stupidity.

TORPES'CENT, adjective [Latin torpescens.] Becoming torpid or numb.

TOR'PID, adjective [Latin torpidus, torpeo.]

1. Having lost motion or the power of exertion and feeling; numb; as a torpid limb.

Without heat all things would be torpid

2. Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive. The mind as well as the body becomes torpid by indolence. Impenitent sinners remain in a state of torpid security.

TORPID'ITY, noun Torpidness.

TOR'PIDNESS'PITUDE, noun The state of being torpid; numbness. Torpidness may amount to total insensibility or loss of sensation.

1. Dullness; inactivity; sluggishness; stupidity.

TOR'POR, noun [Latin] Numbness; inactivity; loss of motion, or of the power of motion. torpor may amount to a total loss of sensation, or complete insensibility. It may however be applied to the state of a living body which has not lost all power of feeling and motion.

1. Dullness; laziness; sluggishness; stupidity.

TORPORIF'IC, adjective [Latin torpor and facio.] Tending to produce torpor.

TORREFAC'TION, noun [Latin torrefacio; torridus and facio.]

1. The operation of drying by a fire.

2. In metallurgy, the operation of roasting ores.

3. In pharmacy, the drying or roasting of drugs on a metalline plate, placed over or before coals of fire, till they become friable to the fingers, or till some other desired effect is produced.

TOR'REFIED, . participle passive Dried; roasted; scorched. torrefied earth, in agriculture, is that which has undergone the action of fire.

TOR'REFY, verb transitive [Latin torrefacio; Latin torridus, torreo, and facio.]

1. To dry by a fire.

2. In metallurgy, to roast or scorch, as metallic ores.

3. In pharmacy, to dry or parch, as drugs, on a metalline plate till they are friable, or are reduced to any state desired.

TOR'REFYING, participle present tense Drying by a fire; roasting; parching.

TOR'RENT, noun [Latin torrens. This is the participle of torreo, to parch; Eng. tear.]

1. A violent rushing stream of water or other fluid; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice; as a torrent of lava.

2. A violent or rapid stream; a strong current; as a torrent of vices and follies; a torrent of corruption.

Erasmus, that great injur'd name,

Stemm'd the wild torrent of a barb'rous age.

TOR'RENT, adjective Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream; as waves of torrent fire.

TORRICEL'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who discovered the true principle on which the barometer is constructed.

Torricellian tube, is a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at one end, and hermetically sealed at the other.

Torricellian vacuum, a vacuum produced by filling a tube with mercury, and allowing it to descend till it is counterbalanced by the weight of an equal column of the atmosphere, as in the barometer.

TOR'RID, adjective [Latin torridus, from torreo, to roast.]

1. Parched; dried with heat; as a torrid plain or desert.

2. Violently hot; burning or parching; as a torrid heat.

Torrid zone, in geography, that space or broad belt of the earth included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period every year, and where the heat is always great.

TOR'RIDNESS, noun The state of being very hot or parched.

TORSE, noun [Latin tortus.] In heraldry, a wreath.

TOR'SEL, noun [supra.] Any thing in a twisted form; as torsels for mantle-trees.

TOR'SION, noun [Latin torsio, from torqueo, to twist.] The act of turning or twisting.

Torsion balance, an instrument for estimating very minute forces by the motion of an index attached to the ends of two fine wires, which twist around each other.

TOR'SO, noun The trunk of a statue, mutilated of head and limbs; as the torso of Hercules.

TOR'STEN, noun An iron ore of a bright bluish black, etc.

TORT, noun [Latin tortus, twisted, from torqueo. The primary sense is to turn or strain, hence to twist.]

1. In law, any wrong or injury. Torts are injuries done to the person or property of another, as trespass, assault and battery, defamation and the like.

2. Mischief; calamity. [Except in the legal sense above explained, it is obsolete.]

TORT'IL, adjective [Latin tortilis.] Twisted; wreathed; coiled. In botany, coiled like a rope; as a tortile awn.

TORT'ILE

TOR'TION, noun [Latin tortus.] Torment; pain. [Not in use.]

TOR'TION, n. [L. tortus.] Torment; pain. [Not in use.]

TOR'TIOUS, adjective [from tort.] Injurious; done by wrong.

1. In law, implying tort, or injury for which the law gives damages.

TORT'IVE, adjective [Latin tortus.] Twisted; wreathed.

TORTOISE, noun tor'tis.] from Latin tortus, twisted.]

1. An animal of the genus Testudo, covered with a shell or crust.

2. In the military art, a defense used by the ancients, formed by the troops arranging themselves in close order and placing their bucklers over their heads, making a cover resembling a tortoise-shell.

TORTUOS'ITY, noun [from tortuous.] The state of being twisted or wreathed; wreath; flexure.

TORT'UOUS, adjective [Latin tortuosus.]

1. Twisted; wreathed; winding; as a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corol, in botany.

2. Tortious. [Not used.] [See Tortious.]

TORT'UOUSNESS, noun The state of being twisted.

TORT'URE, noun [Latin tortus, torqueo, to twist.]

1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment.

Ghastly spasm or racking torture

2. Severe pain inflicted judicially, either as a punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an accused person. torture may be and is inflicted in a variety of ways, as by water or fire, or by the boot or thumbkin. But the most usual mode is by the rack or wheel.

TORT'URE, verb transitive To pain to extremity; to torment.

1. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as, to torture an accused person.

2. To vex; to harass.

3. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. [Not in use.]

TORT'URED, participle passive Tormented; stretched on the wheel; harassed.

TORT'URER, noun One who tortures; a tormenter.

TORT'URING, participle present tense Tormenting; stretching on the rack; vexing.

TORT'URINGLY, adverb So as to torture or torment.

TORT'UROUS, adjective Tormenting. [Not in use.]

TOR'ULOSE, adjective In botany, swelling a little.

TO'RUS, noun A molding. [See Tore.]

TORV'ITY, noun [Latin torvitas; from twisting, supra.] Sourness or severity of countenance.

TORV'OUS, adjective [Latin torvus, from the root of torqueo, to twist.]

Sour of aspect; stern; of a severe countenance.

TO'RY, noun [said to be an Irish word, denoting a robber; perhaps from tor, a bush, as the Irish banditti lived in the mountains or among trees.] The name given to an adherent to the ancient constitution of England and to the apostolical hierarchy. The tories form a party which are charged with supporting more arbitrary principles in government than the whigs, their opponents.

In America, during the revolution, those who opposed the war, and favored the claims of Great Britain, were called tories.

TO'RYISM, noun The principles of the tories.

TOSE, verb transitive s as z. To tease wool. [Not in use or local.]

TOSS, verb transitive preterit tense and participle passive tossed or tost.

1. To throw with the hand; particularly, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball.

2. To throw with violence.

3. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head; or to toss up the head.

He toss'd his arm aloft.

4. To cause to rise and fall; as, to be tossed on the waves.

We, being exceedingly tossed with a tempest-- Acts 27:18.

5. To move one way and the other. Proverbs 21:6.

6. To agitate; to make restless.

Calm region once,

And full of peace, now tost and turbulent.

7. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar.

TOSS, verb intransitive To fling; to roll and tumble; to writhe; to be in violent commotion.

To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enrages our pain.

1. To be tossed.

To toss up, is to throw a coin into the air and wager on what side it will fall.

TOSS, noun A throwing upward or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as the toss of a ball.

1. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. It is much applied to horses, and may be applied to an affected manner of raising the head in men.

TOSS'ED, participle passive Thrown upward suddenly or with a jerk; made to rise and fall suddenly.

TOSS'EL. [See Tassel.]

TOSS'ER, noun One who tosses.

TOSS'ING, participle present tense Throwing upward with a jerk; raising suddenly; as the head.

TOSS'ING, noun The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling.

Dire was the tossing deep the groans.

TOSS'-POT, noun [toss and pot.] A toper; one habitually given to strong drink.

TOST, preterit tense and participle passive of toss.

In a troubled sea of passion tost

TO'TAL, adjective [Latin totalis, totus.]

1. Whole; full; complete; as total darkness; a total departure from the evidence; a total loss; the total sum or amount.

2. Whole; not divided.

--Myself the total crime.

TO'TAL, noun The whole; the whole sum or amount. These sums added, make the grand total of five millions.

TOTAL'ITY, noun The whole sum; whole quantity or amount.

TO'TALLY, adverb Wholly; entirely; fully; completely; as, to be totally exhausted; all hope totally failed; he was totally absorbed in thought.

TO'TALNESS, noun Entireness.

TOTE, verb transitive To carry or convey. [A word used in slaveholding countries; said to have been introduced by the blacks.]

TOT'TER, verb intransitive [This may be allied to titter.]

1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; as, an old man totters with age; a child totters when he beings to walk.

2. To shake; to reel; to lean.

As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence. Psalms 62:1.

Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall.

TOT'TERING, participle present tense Shaking, as threatening a fall; vacillating; reeling; inclining.

TOT'TERY, adjective Shaking; trembling or vacillating as if about to fall; unsteady. [Not in use.] [Spenser wrote tottle, as the common people of New England still pronounce it.]

TOU'CAN, noun A fowl of the genus Ramphastos; also, a constellation of nine small stars.

TOUCH, verb transitive tuch. [Latin tango, originally tago, [our vulgar tag.] preterit tense tetigi, participle passive tactus.]

1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike against.

He touched the hollow of his thigh. Genesis 32:25. Matthew 9:21.

Esther drew near, and touched the top of the scepter. Esther 5:2.

2. To perceive by the sense of feeling.

Nothing but body can be touch'd or touch

3. To come to; to reach; to attain to.

The god vindictive doom'd them never more,

Ah men unbless'd! to touch that natal shore.

4. To try, as gold with a stone.

Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed--

5. To relate to; to concern.

The quarrel toucheth none but thee alone.

[This sense is now nearly obsolete.]

6. To handle slightly.

7. To meddle with. I have not touched the books.

8. To affect.

What of sweet

Hath touch'd my sense, flat seems to this.

9. To move; to soften; to melt.

The tender sire was touch'd with what he said.

10. To mark or delineate slightly.

The lines, though touch'd but faintly--

11. To infect; as men touched with pestilent diseases. [Little used.]

12. To make an impression on.

Its face must be--so hard that the file will not touch it.

13. To strike, as an instrument of music; to play on.

They touch'd their golden harps.

14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly.

No decree of mine,

To touch with lightest moment of impulse

His free will.

15. To treat slightly. In his discourse, he barely touched upon the subject deemed the most interesting.

16. To afflict or distress. Genesis 26:29.

To touch up, to repair; or to improve by slight touches or emendations.

To touch the wind, in seamen's language, is to keep the ship as near the wind as possible.

TOUCH, verb intransitive tuch. To be in contact with; to be in a state of junction, so that no space is between. Two spheres touch only at points.

1. To fasten on; to take effect on.

Strong waters will touch upon gold, that will not touch silver.

2. To treat of slightly in discourse.

To touch at, to come or go to, without stay.

The ship touched at Lisbon.

The next day we touched at Sidon. Acts 27:3. touch on or upon, to mention slightly.

If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they have immediately quitted it.

1. In the sense of touch at. [Little used.]

TOUCH, noun tuch. Contact; the hitting of two bodies; the junction of two bodies at the surface, so that there is no space between them. The mimosa shrinks at the slightest touch

1. The sense of feeling; one of the five senses. We say, a thing is cold or warm to the touch; silk is soft to the touch

The spider's touch how exquisitely fine!

2. The act of touching. The touch of cold water made him shrink.

3. The state of being touched.

--That never touch was welcome to thy hand

Unless I touch'd.

4. Examination by a stone.

5. Test; that by which any thing is examined.

Equity, the true touch of all laws.

6. Proof; tried qualities.

My friends of noble touch

7. Single act of a pencil on a picture.

Never give the least touch with your pencil, till you have well examined your design.

8. Feature; lineament.

Of many faces, eyes and hearts,

To have the touches dearest priz'd.

9. Act of the hand on a musical instrument.

Soft stillness and the night

Become the touches of sweet harmony.

10. Power of exciting the affections.

Not alone

The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches,

Do strongly speak t'us.

11. Something of passion of affection.

He both makes intercession to God for sinners, and exercises dominion over all men, with a true, natural and sensible touch of mercy.

12. Particular application of any thing to a person.

Speech of touch towards others should be sparingly used.

13. A stroke; as a touch of raillery; a satiric touch

14. Animadversion; censure; reproof.

I never bore any touch of conscience with greater regret.

15. Exact performance of agreement.

I keep touch with my promise.

16. A small quantity intermixed.

Madam, I have a touch of your condition.

17. A hint; suggestion; slight notice.

A small touch will put him in mind of them.

18. A cant word for a slight essay.

Print my preface in such forms, in the bookseller's phrase, will make a sixpenny touch [Not in use.]

19. In music, the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as a heavy touch or light touch

20. In music, an organ is said to have a good touch or stop, when the keys close well.

21. In ship-building, touch is the broadest part of a plank worked top and butt; or the middle of a plank worked anchor-stock fashion; also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters.

TOUCHABLE, adjective tuch'able. That may be touched; tangible.

TOUCHINESS, noun tuch'iness. [from touchy.]

Peevishness; irritability; irascibility.

TOUCHING, participle present tense tuch'ing. Coming on contact with; hitting; striking; affecting.

1. Concerning; relating to; with respect to.

Now as touching things offered to idols-- 1 Corinthians 8:1.

2. adjective Affecting; moving; pathetic.

TOUCHING, noun tuch'ing. Touch; the sense of feeling.

TOUCHINGLY, adverb tuch'ingly. In a manner to move the passions; feelingly.

TOUCHSTONE, noun tuch'stone. [touch and stone.]

1. A stone by which metals are examined; a black, smooth, glossy stone. The touchstone of the ancients was called lapis Lydius, from Lydia in Asia Minor, where it was found.

2. Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried; as money, the touchstone of common honesty.

Irish touchstone is the basalt, the stone which composes the Giant's causey. This is said also to be an excellent touchstone

TOUCHY, adjective tuch'y. [vulgarly techy.] Peevish; irritable; irascible; apt to take fire. [Not elegant.]

TOUGH, adjective tuf.

1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking. The ligaments of animals and of India rubber are remarkably tough tough timber, like young ash, is the most proper for the shafts and springs of a carriage.

2. Firm; strong; not easily broken; able to endure hardship; as an animal of a tough frame.

3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; ropy; as tough phlegm.

4. Stiff; not flexible.

TOUGHEN, verb intransitive tuf'n. To grow tough.

TOUGHEN, verb transitive tuf'n. To make tough.

TOUGHLY, adverb tuf'ly. In a tough manner.

TOUGHNESS, noun tuf'ness. The quality of a substance which renders it in some degree flexible, without brittleness or liability to fracture; flexibility with a firm adhesion of parts; as the toughness of steel.

1. Viscosity; tenacity; clamminess; glutinousness; as the toughness of mucus.

2. Firmness; strength of constitution or texture.

TOUPE'E

TOUPET, noun A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.

TOUPET, n. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.

TOUR, noun

1. Literally, a going round; hence, a journey in a circuit; as the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England.

2. A turn; a revolution; as the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Not now in use.]

3. A turn; as a tour of duty; a military use of the word.

4. A tress or circular border of hair on the head, worn sometimes by both sexes.

5. A tower. [Not in use.]

TOURIST, noun One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit.

TOURMALIN

TOURN, noun The sheriff's turn or court; also, a spinning wheel. [Not American.]

TOURN, n. The sheriff's turn or court; also, a spinning wheel. [Not American.]

TOURNAMENT, noun turn'ament. A martial sport or exercise formerly performed by cavaliers to show their address and bravery. These exercises were performed on horseback, and were accompanied with tilting, or attacks with blunted lances and swords.

TOURNEQUET, noun turn'eket. A surgical instrument or bandage which is straitened or relaxed with a screw, and used to check hemorrhages.

TOURNEY, noun turn'ey. A tournament, supra.

TOURNEY, verb intransitive turn'ey. To tilt; to perform tournaments.

TOUSE, verb transitive touz. To pull; to haul; to tear. [Hence Towser.]

As a bear whom angry curs have tous'd.

TOUS'EL, verb transitive s as z. The same as touse; to put into disorder; to tumble; to tangle. [Used by the common people of New England.]

TOW, verb transitive [Latin duco.] To drag, as a boat or ship, through the water by means of a rope. Towing is performed by another boat or ship, or by men on shore, or by horses. Boats on canals are usually towed by horses.

TOW, noun [Latin stupa.] The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle.

TOWAGE, noun [from tow, the verb.] The act of towing.

1. The price paid for towing.

TO'WARD

TO'WARDLINESS, noun [from towardly.] Readiness to do or learn; aptness; docility.

The beauty and towardliness of these children moved her brethren to envy.

TO'WARDLY, adjective Ready to do or learn; apt; docile; tractable; compliant with duty.

TO'WARDNESS, noun Docility; towardliness.

TO'WARDS, preposition [Latin versus, verto.]

1. In the direction to.

He set his face toward the wilderness. Numbers 24:1.

2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect to; regarding.

His eye shall be evil toward his brother. Deuteronomy 28:1.

Herein do I exercise myself to have always a conscience void of offense toward God and toward men. Acts 24:1.

Hearing of thy love and faith which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus Christ, and toward all saints. Phile 5.

3. With ideal tendency to.

This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble.

4. Nearly.

I am towards nine years older since I left you.

TO'WARD

TO'WARDS, adverb Near; at hand; in a state of preparation.

TO'WARD, adjective Ready to do or learn; not forward; apt; as a toward youth.

TOW'EL, noun A cloth used for wiping the hands and for other things.

TOW'ER, noun [Latin turris.]

1. A building, either round or square, raised to a considerable elevation and consisting of several stories. When towers are erected with other buildings, as they usually are, they rise above the main edifice. They are generally flat on the top, and thus differ from steeples or spires. Before the invention of guns, places were fortified with towers and attacked with movable towers mounted on wheels, which placed the besiegers on a level with the walls.

2. A citadel; a fortress. Psalms 61:3.

3. A high head dress.

4. High flight; elevation.

Tower bastion, in fortification, a small tower in the form of a bastion, with rooms or cells underneath for men and guns.

Tower of London, a citadel containing an arsenal. It is also a palace where the kings of England have sometimes lodged.

TOW'ER, verb intransitive To rise and fly high; to soar; to be lofty.

Sublime thoughts, which tower above the clouds.

TOW'ERED, adjective Adorned or defended by towers.

TOW'ERING, participle present tense Rising aloft; mounting high; soaring.

1. adjective Very high; elevated; as a towering highth.

TOW'ERY, adjective Having towers; adorned or defended by towers; as towery cities.

TOWING, participle present tense Drawing on water, as a boat.

TOWN, noun

1. Originally, a walled or fortified place; a collection of houses inclosed with walls, hedges or pickets for safety. Rahab's house was on the town wall. Joshua 2:15.

A town that hath gates and bars. 1 Samuel 23:7.

2. Any collection of houses, larger than a village. In this use the word is very indefinite, and a town may consist of twenty houses, or of twenty thousand.

3. In England, any number of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop.

A town in modern times, is generally without walls, which is the circumstance that usually distinguishes it from a city.

In the United States, the circumstance that distinguishes a town from a city, is generally that a city is incorporated with special privileges, and a town is not. But a city is often called a town

4. The inhabitants of a town The town voted to send two representatives to the legislature, or they voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways.

5. In popular usage, in America, a township; the whole territory within certain limits.

6. In England, the court end of London.

7. The inhabitants of the metropolis.

8. The metropolis. The gentleman lives in town in winter; in summer he lives in the country. The same form of expression is used in regard to other populous towns.

TOWN'-CLERK, noun [town and clerk.] An officer who keeps the records of a town and enters all its official proceedings.

TOWN'ISH, adjective Pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town.

TOWN'LESS, adjective Having no town.

TOWN'SHIP, noun The district or territory of a town. In New England, the states are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads, providing for the poor, etc.

TOWNS'MAN, noun [town and man.] An inhabitant of a place; or one of the same town with another.

1. A selectman; an officer of the town in New England, who assists in managing the affairs of the town. [See Selectmen.]

TOWN'-TALK, noun [town and talk.] The common talk of a place, or the subject of common conversation.

TOWS'ER, noun [from touse.] The name of a dog.

TOX'ICAL, adjective [Latin toxicum.] Poisonous. [Little used.]

TOXICOL'OGY, noun [Gr. poison, and discourse.] A discourse on poisons; or the doctrine of poisons.

TOY, noun

1. A plaything for children; a bauble.

2. A trifle; a thing for amusement, but of no real value.

3. An article of trade of little value.

They exchange gold and pearl for toys.

4. Matter of no importance.

Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell.

5. Folly; trifling practice; silly opinion.

6. Amorous dalliance; play; sport.

7. An old story; a silly tale.

8. Slight representation; as the toy of novelty.

9. Wild fancy; odd conceit.

TOY, verb intransitive To dally amorously; to trifle; to play.

TOY, verb transitive To treat foolishly. [Not used.]

TOY'ER, noun One who toys; one who is full of trifling tricks.

TOY'FUL, adjective Full of trifling play.

TOY'ING, participle present tense Dallying; trifling.

TOY'ISH, adjective Trifling; wanton.

TOY'ISHNESS, noun Disposition to dalliance or trifling.

TOY'MAN, noun [toy and man.] One that deals in toys.

TOY'SHOP, noun [toy and shop.] A shop where toys are sold.

TOZE, verb transitive To pull by violence. [See Touse.]