SUABLE, adjective [from sue.] That may be sued; subject by law to be called to answer in court.

SUADE, for persuade, is not in use.

SUAGE, for assuage, is not in use.

SUANT, adjective Even; uniform; spread equally over the surface. [New England, but local.]

SUASIBLE, adjective [Latin] That may be persuaded or easily persuaded.

SUASION, noun The act of persuading. [See Persuade.]

SUASIVE, adjective [Latin] Having power to persuade.

SUASORY, adjective [Latin] Tending to persuade; having the quality of convincing and drawing by argument or reason.

SUAVITY, noun [Latin]

1. Sweetness, in a literal sense. [Not in use.]

2. Sweetness, in a figurative sense; that which is to the mind what sweetness is to the tongue; agreeableness; softness; pleasantness; as suavity of manners; suavity of language, conversation or address.

SUB, a Latin preposition, denoting under or below, used in English as a prefix, to express a subordinate degree. Before f and p it is changed into those letters, as in suffer, and suppose; and before m, into that letter, as in summon.

SUBACID, adjective [sub and acid.] Moderately acid or sour; as a subacid juice.

SUBACID, noun A substance moderately acid.

SUBACRID, adjective [sub and acrid.] Moderately sharp, pungent or acrid.

SUBACT, verb transitive [Latin] To reduce; to subdue. [Not in use.]

SUBACTION, noun The act of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies completely, or of beating them to a powder.

SUBAGITATION, noun [Latin] Carnal knowledge.

SUBAH, noun In India, a province or viceroy ship.

SUBAHDAR, noun In India, a viceroy, or the governor of a province; also, a native of India, who ranks as captain in the European companies.

SUBAHSHIP, noun The jurisdiction of a subahdar.

SUBALTERN, adjective [Latin] Inferior; subordinate; that in different respects is both superior and inferior; as a subaltern officer. It is used chiefly of military officers.

SUBALTERN, noun A subordinate officer in an army or military body. It is applied to officers below the rank of captain.

SUBALTERNATE, adjective [supra.] Successive, succeeding by turns.

SUBALTERNATION, noun

1. State of inferiority or subjection.

2. Act of succeeding by course.

SUBAQUATIC, SUBAQUEOUS, adjective [Latin , water.] Being under water, or beneath the surface of water.

SUBAQUATIC, SUBAQUEOUS adjective [Latin , water.] Being under water, or beneath the surface of water.

SUBASTRAL, adjective [sub and astral.] Beneath the stars or heavens; terrestrial.

SUBASTRINGENT, adjective Astringent in a small degree.

SUBAXILLARY, adjective [Latin , the arm-pit.] Placed under the axil or angle formed by the branch of a plant with the stem, or by a leaf with the branch.

SUBCARBURETED, adjective Carbureted in an inferior degree; or consisting of one prime of carbon and two of hydrogen.

SUBCLAVIAN, adjective [Latin , a key.] Situated under the clavicle or collar bone; as the subclavian arteries.

SUBCORDATE, adjective [Latin , the heart.] In shape somewhat like a heart.

SUBCOSTAL, adjective [Latin , a rib.] The subcostal muscles are the internal intercostal muscles.

SUBCUTANEOUS, adjective [sub and cutaneous; Latin , skin.] Situated under the skin.

SUBCUTICULAR, adjective [Latin , cuticle.] Being under the cuticle or scarf-skin.

SUBDEACON, noun [sub and deacon.] An under deacon; a deacons servant, in the Romish church.

SUBDEACONRY, SUBDEACONSHIP, noun The order and office of subdeacon in the catholic church.

SUBDEACONRY, SUBDEACONSHIP noun The order and office of subdeacon in the catholic church.

SUBDEAN, noun [sub and dean.] An under dean; a deans substitute or vicegerent.

SUBDEANERY, noun The office and rank of subdean.

SUBDECUPLE, adjective [Latin Sub and decuplus.] Containing one part of ten.

SUBDENTED, adjective [sub and dent.] Indented beneath.

SUBDEPOSIT, noun That which is deposited beneath something else.

SUBDERISORIOUS, adjective [Latin Sub and derisor.] Ridiculing with moderation or delicacy. [Not in use.]

SUBDITITIOUS, adjective [Latin , to substitute.] Put secretly in the place of something else. [Little used.]

SUBDIVERSIFY, verb transitive [sub and diversify.] To diversify again what is already diversified. [Little used.]

SUBDIVIDE, verb transitive [sub and divide.] To divide a part of a thing into more parts; to part into smaller divisions.

In the rise of eight in tones, are two half tones; so as if you divide the tones equally, the eight is but seven whole and equal notes; and if you subdivide that into half notes, as in the stops of a lute, it makes the number thirteen.

The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies, and those colonies were subdivided into many others--

SUBDIVIDE, verb intransitive To be subdivided.

SUBDIVIDED, participle passive Divided again or into smaller parts.

SUBDIVIDING, participle present tense Dividing into smaller parts that which is already divided.

SUBDIVISION, noun

1. The act of subdividing or separating a part into smaller parts.

2. The part of a thing made by subdividing; the part of a larger part.

In the decimal table, the subdivision s of the cubit, as span, palm, and digit, are deduced from the shorter cubit.

SUBDOLOUS, adjective [Latin Sub and dolus, deceit.] Sly; crafty; cunning; artful; deceitful. [Little used.]

SUBDOMINANT, noun In music, the fourth note above the tonic, being under the dominant.

SUBDUABLE, adjective That may be subdued.

SUBDUAL, noun [from subdue.] The act of subduing.

SUBDUCE, SUBDUCT, verb transitive [Latin , sub and duco, to draw.]

SUBDUCE, SUBDUCT verb transitive [Latin , sub and duco, to draw.]

1. To withdraw; to take away.

Or from my side subducting, took perhaps more than enough.

2. To subtract by arithmetical operation.

If out of that infinite multitude of antecedent generations we should SUBDUCT ten--

SUBDUCTION, noun

1. The act of taking away or withdrawing.

2. Arithmetical subtraction.

SUBDUE, verb transitive

1. To conquer by force or the exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent subjection; to reduce under dominion. Thus Cesar subdued the Gauls; Augustus subdued Egypt; the English subdued Canada. Subduing implies conquest or vanquishing, but it implies also more permanence of subjection to the conquering power, than either of these words.

I will subdue all thine enemies. 1 Chronicles 17:10.

2. To oppress; to crush; to sink; to overpower so as to disable from further resistance.

Nothing could have subdud nature to such a lowness, but his unkind daughters.

If aught were worthy to subdue the soul of man.

3. To tame; to break by conquering a refractory temper or evil passions; to render submissive; as, to subdue a stubborn child.

4. To conquer; to reduce to mildness; as, to subdue the temper or passions.

5. To overcome by persuasion or other mild means; as, to subdue opposition by argument or intreaties.

6. To overcome; to conquer; to captivate; as by charms.

7. To soften; to melt; to reduce to tenderness; as, to subdue ferocity by tears.

8. To overcome; to overpower and destroy the force of; as, medicines subdue a fever.

9. To make mellow; to break; as land; also, to destroy, as weeds.

SUBDUED, participle passive Conquered and reduced to subjection; oppressed; crushed; tamed; softened.

SUBDUEMENT, noun Conquest. [Not used.]

SUBDUER, noun

1. One who conquers and brings into subjection; a tamer.

2. That which subdues or destroys the force of.

SUBDUING, participle present tense Vanquishing and reducing to subjection; crushing; destroying the power of resistance; softening.

SUBDUPLE, adjective [Latin , double.] Containing one part of two.

SUBDUPLICATE, adjective [sub and duplicate.] Having the ratio of the square roots.

SUBEQUAL, adjective [sub and equal.] Nearly equal.

SUBERATE, noun [Latin , a cork.] A salt formed by the suberic acid in combination with a base.

SUBERIC, adjective Pertaining to cork, or extracted from it; as suberic acid.

SUBEROSE, adjective [Latin , gnawed.] In botany, having the appearance of being gnawed; appearing as if a little eaten or gnawed.

SUBEROUS, adjective [Latin , cork.] Corky; soft and elastic.

SUBFUSC, adjective [Latin Sub and fuscus.] Duskish; moderately dark; brownish; tawny.

SUBGLOBULAR, adjective Having a form approaching to globular.

SUBHASTATION, noun [Latin , under the spear.] A public sale or auction, so called form the Roman practice.

SUBHYDROSULPHURET, noun A compound of sulphurated hydrogen with a base, in a less proportion than in hydrosulphuret.

SUBINDICATION, noun [Latin Sub and indico.] The act of indication by signs.

SUBINFEUDATION, noun [sub and infeudation. See Feud.]

1. In law, the act of enfeoffing by a tenant or feoffee, who holds lands of the crown; the act of a greater baron, who grants land or a smaller manor to an inferior person. By 34 Edward II all subinfeudations previous to the reign of king Edward I., were confirmed.

2. Under tenancy.

The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a kind of subinfeudation or under tenancy.

SUBINGRESSION, noun [Latin Sub and ingressus.] Secret entrance. [Not in use.]

SUBITANEOUS, adjective [Latin] Sudden; hasty.

SUBITANY, adjective Sudden. [Not in use.]

SUBJACENT, adjective [Latin Sub and jaceo, to lie.]

1. Lying under or below.

2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly beneath. A man placed on a hill, surveys the subjacent plain.

SUBJECT, adjective

1. Placed or situate under.

--The eastern tower whose height commands, as subject all the vale, to see the fight.

2. Being under the power and dominion of another; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain.

Esau was never subject to Jacob.

3. Exposed; liable from extraneous causes; as a country subject to extreme heat or cold.

4. Liable from inherent causes; prone; disposed.

All human things are subject to decay.

5. Being that on which nay thing operates, whether intellectual or material; as the subject-matter of a discourse.

6. Obedient. Titus 3:1. Colossians 2:20.

SUBJECT, noun [Latin]

1. One that owes allegiance to a sovereign and is governed by his laws. The natives of Great Britain are subjects of the British government. The natives of the United States, and naturalized foreigners, are subjects of the federal government. Men in free governments, are subjects as well as citizens; as citizens, they enjoy rights and franchises; as subjects, they are bound to obey the laws.

The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, and human laws require it.

2. That on which any mental operation is performed; that which is treated or handled; as a subject of discussion before the legislature; a subject of negotiation.

This subject for heroic song pleasd me.

The subject of a proposition is that concerning which any thing is affirmed or denied.

3. That on which any physical operation is performed; as a subject for dissection or amputation.

4. That in which any thing inheres or exists.

Anger is certainly a kind of baseness, as it appears well in the weakness of those subjects in whom it reigns.

5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece.

Authors of biography are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject

6. In grammar, the nominative case to a verb passive.

SUBJECT, verb transitive

1. To bring under the power or dominion of. Alexander subjected a great part of the civilized world to his dominion.

Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reason--

2. To put under or within the power of.

In one short view subjected to our eye, gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties lie.

3. To enslave; to make obnoxious.

He is the most subjected, the most enslaved, who is so in his understanding.

4. To expose; to make liable. Credulity subjects a person to impositions.

5. To submit; to make accountable.

God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughts--

6. To make subservient.

--Subjected to his service angel wings.

7. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject it to a rigid test.

SUBJECTED, participle passive Reduced to the dominion of another; enslaved; exposed; submitted; made to undergo.

SUBJECTION, noun

1. The act of subduing; the act of vanquishing and bringing under the dominion of another.

The conquest of the kingdom and the subjection of the rebels--

2. The state of being under the power, control and government of another. The safety of life, liberty, and property depends on our subjection to the laws. The isles of the West Indies are held in subjection to the powers of Europe. Our appetites and passions should be in subjection to our reason, and our will should be in entire subjection to the laws of God.

SUBJECTIVE, adjective Relating to the subject, as opposed to the object.

Certainty--is distinguished into objective and subjective; objective, is when the proposition is certainly true of itself; and subjective is when we are certain of the truth of it.

SUBJECTIVELY, adverb In relation to the subject.

SUBJOIN, verb transitive [Latin] To add at the end; to add after something else has been said or written; as, to subjoin an argument or reason. [It is never used in a literal physical sense, to express the joining of material things.]

SUBJOINED, participle passive Added after something else said or written.

SUBJOINING, participle present tense Adding after something else said or written.

SUBJUGATE, verb transitive [Latin Sub and jugo, to yoke. See Yoke.] To subdue and bring under the yoke of power or dominion; to conquer by force and compel to submit to the government or absolute control of another.

He subjugated a king, and called him his vassal.

[Subjugate differs from subject only in implying a reduction to a more tyrannical or arbitrary sway; but they are often used as synonymous.]

SUBJUGATED, participle passive Reduced to the absolute control of another.

SUBJUGATING, participle present tense Conquering and bringing under the absolute power of another.

SUBJUGATION, noun The act of subduing and bringing under the power or absolute control of another.

SUBJUNCTION, noun The act of subjoining, or state of being subjoined.

SUBJUNCTIVE, adjective [Latin See Subjoin.]

1. Subjoined or added to something before said or written.

2. In grammar, designating a form of verbs which follow other verbs or words expressing condition, hypothesis or contingency; as, veni ut me videas, I came that you may see me; Si fecerint aequum, if they should do what is just.

3. subjunctive is often used as a noun, denoting the subjunctive mode.

SUBLANATE, adjective [Latin , wool.] In botany, somewhat woolly.

SUBLAPSARIAN, SUBLAPSARY, adjective [Latin , fall.] Done after the apostasy of Adam. [See the Noun.]

SUBLAPSARIAN, SUBLAPSARY adjective [Latin , fall.] Done after the apostasy of Adam. [See the Noun.]

SUBLAPSARIAN, noun One who maintains the sublapsarian doctrine, that the sin of Adams apostasy being imputed to all his posterity, God in compassion decreed to send his Son to rescue a great number from their lost state, and to accept of his obedience and death on their account. The decree of reprobation, according to the sublapsarians, is nothing but a preterition or non-election of persons, whom God left as he found, involved int he guilt of Adams transgression without any personal sin, when he withdrew some others as guilty as they.

Sublapsarian is opposed to supralapsarian.

SUBLATION, noun [Latin] The act of taking or carrying away.

SUBLET, verb transitive [sub and let.] To underlet; to lease, as a lessee to another person. [Unusual.]

SUBLEVATION, noun [Latin] The act of raising on high.

SUBLIEUTENANT, noun An officer in the royal regiment of artillery and fusileers, in which are no ensigns, and who is the same as second lieutenant.

SUBLIGATION, noun [Latin , sub and ligo, to bind.] The act of binding underneath.

SUBLIMABLE, adjective [from sublime.] That may be sublimated; capable of being raised by heat into vapor, and again condensed by cold.

SUBLIMABLENESS, noun The quality of being sublimable.

SUBLIMATE, verb transitive [from sublime.]

1. To bring a solid substance, as camphor or sulphur, into the state of vapor by heat, which on cooling, returns again to the solid state. [See Sublimation.]

2. To refine and exalt; to highthen; to elevate.

And as his actions rose, so raise they still their vein, in words whose weight best suits a sublimated strain.

SUBLIMATE, noun The product of a sublimation. Corrosive sublimate is the muriate of mercury when it has undergone sublimation. It is one of the most virulent of the mineral poisons.

Blue sublimate is a preparation of mercury with flower of brimstone and sal ammoniac; used in painting.

SUBLIMATE, adjective Brought into a state of vapor by heat and again condensed, as solid substances.

SUBLIMATED, participle passive Brought into a state of vapor by heat, as a solid substance; refined.

SUBLIMATING, participle present tense Converting into the state of vapor by heat, and condensing; as solid substances.

SUBLIMATION, noun

1. The operation of bringing a solid substance into the state of vapor by heat, and condensing it again into a solid by cold. sublimation bears the same relation to a solid, that distillation does to a liquid. Both processes purify the substances to which they are severally applied, by separating them from the fixed and grosser matters with which they are connected.

2. Exaltation; elevation; act of highthening or improving.

Religion, the perfection, refinement and sublimation of morality.

SUBLI'ME, adjective [Latin sublimis.]

1. High in place; exalted aloft.

Sublime on these a tow'r of steel is rear'd.

2. High in excellence; exalted by nature; elevated.

Can it be that souls sublime

Return to visit our terrestrial clime?

3. High in style or sentiment; lofty; grand.

Easy in style thy work, in sense sublime

4. Elevated by joy; as sublime with expectation.

5. Lofty of mein; elevated in manner.

His fair large front and eye sublime declar'd

Absolute rule.

SUBLI'ME, noun A grand or lofty style; a style that expresses lofty conceptions.

The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence of words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the phrase--

SUBLI'ME, verb transitive To sublimate, which see.

1. To raise on high.

2. To exalt; to highten; to improve.

The sun--

Which not alone the southern wit sublimes,

But ripens spirits in cold northern climes.

SUBLI'ME, verb intransitive To be brought or changed into a state of vapor by heat, and then condensed by cold, as a solid substance.

Particles of antimony which will not sublime alone.

SUBLI'MED, participle passive Brought into a state of vapor by heat, and when cooled, changed to a solid state.

SUBLI'MELY, adverb With elevated conceptions; loftily; as, to express one's self sublimely

In English lays, and all sublimely great,

Thy Homer charms with all his ancient heat.

SUBLI'MENESS, noun Loftiness of style or sentiment; sublimity.

SUBLI'MING, participle present tense Sublimating; exalting.

SUBLIM'ITY, noun [Latin sublimitas.]

1. Elevation of place; lofty highth.

2. Highth in excellence; loftiness of nature or character;

moral grandeur; as God's incomprehensible sublimity

The sublimity of the character of Christ owes nothing to his historians.

3. In oratory and composition, lofty conceptions, or such conceptions expressed in corresponding language; loftiness of sentiment or style.

Milton's distinguishing excellence lies in the sublimity of his thoughts.

SUBLIN'GUAL, adjective [Latin sub and lingua, the tongue.]

Situated under the tongue; as the sublingual glands.

SUBLU'NAR

SUB'LUNARY, adjective [Latin sub and luna, the moon.] Literally, beneath the moon, but sublunary, which is the word chiefly used, denotes merely terrestrial, earthly, pertaining to this world.

All things sublunary are subject to change.

SUB'LUNARY, a. [L. sub and luna, the moon.] Literally, beneath the moon, but sublunary, which is the word chiefly used, denotes merely terrestrial, earthly, pertaining to this world.

SUBLUXA'TION, noun [sub and luxation.] In surgery, a violent sprain; also, an incomplete dislocation.

SUBMARINE, adjective [Latin sub and marinus, from mare, the sea.]

Being, acting or growing under water in the sea; as submarine navigators; submarine plants.

SUBMAX'ILLARY, adjective [Latin sub and maxilla, the jaw-bone.] Situated under the jaw.

The submaxillary glands are two salivatory glands, situated one on either side, immediately within the angle of the lower jaw.

SUBME'DIANT, noun In music, the sixth note, or middle note between the octave and subdominant.

SUBMERGE, verb transitive submerj'. [Latin submergo; sub and mergo, to plunge.]

1. To put under water; to plunge.

2. To cover or overflow with water; to drown.

So half my Egypt was submerg'd.

SUBMERGE, verb intransitive submerj'. To plunge under water, as swallows.

SUBMERG'ED, participle passive Put under water; overflowed.

SUBMERG'ING, participle present tense Putting under water; overflowing.

SUBMERSE

SUBMERS'ED, adjective submers'. [Latin submersus.] Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic plants.

SUBMERS'ED, a. submers'. [L. submersus.] Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic plants.

SUBMER'SION, noun [Latin submersus.]

1. The act of putting under water or causing to be overflowed; as the submersion of an isle or tract of land.

2. The act of plunging under water; the act of drowning.

SUBMIN'ISTER

SUBMIN'ISTRANT, adjective Subservient; serving in subordination. [Not in use.]

SUBMIN'ISTRANT, a. Subservient; serving in subordination. [Not in use.]

SUBMIN'ISTRATE, verb transitive [Latin subministro; sub and ministro.]

To supply; to afford. [Not in use.]

SUBMIN'ISTER, verb intransitive To subserve; to be useful to.

Our passions--subminister to the best and worst of purposes.

[Not in use.] [See Minister and Administer.]

SUBMINISTRA'TION, noun The act of furnishing or supplying. [Not in use.]

SUBMISS', adjective [Latin submissus, submitto.] Submissive; humble; obsequious. [Rarely used, and in poetry only.]

SUBMIS'SION, noun [Latin submissio, from submitto.]

1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to power or authority; surrender of the person and power to the control or government of another.

Submission, dauphin! 'tis a mere French word;

We English warriors wot not what it means.

2. Acknowledgment of inferiority or dependence; humble or suppliant behavior.

In all submission and humility,

York doth present himself unto your highness.

3. Acknowledgment of a fault; confession or error.

Be not as extreme in submission as in offense.

4. Obedience; compliance with the commands or laws of a superior. submission of children to their parents is an indispensable duty.

5. Resignation; a yielding of one's will to the will or appointment of a superior without murmuring. Entire and cheerful submission to the will of God is a christian duty of prime excellence.

SUBMISS'IVE, adjective Yielding to the will or power of another; obedient.

1. Humble; acknowledging one's inferiority; testifying one's submission.

Her at his feet submissive in distress,

He thus with peaceful words uprais'd.

SUBMISS'IVELY, adverb With submission; with acknowledgment of inferiority; humbly.

The goddess,

Soft in her tone, submissively replies.

SUBMISS'IVENESS, noun A submissive temper or disposition.

1. Humbleness; acknowledgment of inferiority.

2. Confession of fault.

Frailty gets pardon by submissiveness

SUBMISS'LY, adverb Humbly; with submission. [Little used.]

SUBMISS'NESS, noun Humbleness; obedience. [Little used.]

SUBMIT', verb transitive [Latin submitto; sub, under, and mitto, to send.]

1. To let down; to cause to sink or lower.

Sometimes the hill submits itself a while.

[This use of the word is nearly or wholly obsolete.]

2. To yield, resign or surrender to the power, will or authority of another; with the reciprocal pronoun.

Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hand. Genesis 16:9.

Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands. Ephesians 5:22.

SUBMIT yourselves to every ordinance of man. 1 Peter 2:13.

3. To refer; to leave or commit to the discretion of judgment of another; as, to submit a controversy to arbitrators; to submit a question to the court.

SUBMIT', verb intransitive To surrender; to yield one's person to the power of another; to give up resistance. The enemy submitted.

The revolted provinces presently submitted.

1. To yield one's opinion to the opinion or authority of another. On hearing the opinion of the court, the counsel submitted without further argument.

2. To be subject; to acquiesce in the authority of another.

To thy husband's will

Thine shall submit--

3. To be submissive; to yield without murmuring.

Our religion requires us--to submit to pain, disgrace and even death.

SUBMIT'TED, participle passive Surrendered; resigned; yielded; referred.

SUBMIT'TER, noun One who submits.

SUBMIT'TING, participle present tense Surrendering; resigning; yielding; referring to another for decision.

SUBMUL'TIPLE, noun [See Multiply.] A number or quantity which is contained in another a certain number of times, or is an aliquot part of it. Thus 7 is the submultiple of 56, being contained in it eight times. The word is used as an adjective also; as a submultiple number; submultiple ratio.

SUBNAS'CENT, adjective [Latin sub and nascor.] Growing underneath.

SUBNECT', verb transitive [Latin subnecto.] To tie, buckle or fasten beneath. [Not in use.]

SUBNOR'MAL, noun [Latin sub and norma, a rule.] A subperpendicular, or a line under the perpendicular to a curve.

SUBNU'DE, adjective [Latin sub and nudus, naked.] In botany, almost naked or bare of leaves.

SUBOBSCU'RELY, adverb Somewhat obscurely or darkly.

SUBOCCIP'ITAL, adjective Being under the occiput; as the suboccipital nerves.

SUBOC'TAVE

SUBOC'TUPLE, adjective [Latin sub and octavus or octuple.] Containing one

part of eight.

SUBOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin sub and oculus.] Being under the eye.

SUBORBIC'ULAR

SUBORBIC'ULATE, adjective [Latin sub and orbiculatus.] Almost orbiculate or orbicular; nearly circular.

SUBORBIC'ULATE, a. [L. sub and orbiculatus.] Almost orbiculate or orbicular; nearly circular.

SUBOR'DINACY, noun [See Subordinate.]

1. The state of being subordinate or subject to control; as, to bring the imagination to act in subordinacy to reason.

2. Series of subordination. [Little used.]

SUBOR'DINANCY, noun [Not in use. See Subordinacy.]

SUBOR'DINATE, adjective [Latin sub and ordinatus, from ordo, order.]

1. Inferior in order, in nature, in dignity, in power, importance, etc.; as subordinate officers.

It was subordinate not enslaved, to the understanding.

2. Descending in a regular series.

The several kinds and subordinate species of each, are easily distinguished.

SUBOR'DINATE, verb transitive To place in order or rank below something else; to make or consider as of less value or importance; as, to subordinate one creature to another; to subordinate temporal to spiritual things.

1. To make subject; as, to subordinate the passions to reason.

SUBOR'DINATED, participle passive Placed in an inferior rank; considered as of inferior importance; subjected.

SUBOR'DINATELY, adverb In a lower rank or of inferior importance.

1. In a series regularly descending.

SUBORDINA'TION, noun [See Subordinate.]

1. The state of being inferior to another; inferiority of rank or dignity.

2. A series regularly descending.

Natural creatures having a local subordination--

3. Place of rank among inferiors.

--Persons, who in their several subordinations would be obliged to follow the example of their superiors.

4. Subjection; state of being under control or government.

The most glorious military achievements would be a calamity and a curse, if purchased at the expense of habits of subordination and love of order.

SUBORN', verb transitive [Latin suborno; sub and orno. The sense of orno, in this word, and the primary sense, is to put on, to furnish. Hence suborno, to furnish privately, that is, to bribe.]

1. In law, to procure a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.

2. To procure privately or by collusion.

Or else thou art suborn'd against his honor.

3. To procure by indirect means.

Those who by despair suborn their death.

SUBORNA'TION, noun In law, the crime of procuring a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.

1. The crime of procuring one to do a criminal or bad action.

SUBORN'ED, participle passive Procured to take a false oath, or to do a bad action.

SUBORN'ER, noun One who procures another to take a false oath, or to do a bad action.

SUBORN'ING, participle present tense Procuring one to take a false oath, or to do a criminal action.

SUBO'VATE, adjective [Latin sub and ovatus, from ovum, an egg.]

Almost ovate; nearly in the form of an egg.

SUBPE'NA, noun [Latin sub and poena, pain, penalty.]

A writ commanding the attendance in court of the person on whom it is served; as witnesses, etc.

SUBPE'NA, verb transitive To serve with a writ of subpena; to command attendance in court by a legal writ.

SUBPERPENDIC'ULAR, noun [sub and perpendicular.]

A subnormal, which see.

SUBPET'IOLATE, adjective [sub and petiole.] In botany, having a very short petiole.

SUBPRI'OR, noun [sub and prior.] The vicegerent of a prior; a claustral officer who assists the prior.

SUBPUR'CHASER, noun A purchaser who buys of a purchaser.

SUBQUAD'RATE, adjective Nearly square.

SUBQUAD'RUPLE, adjective [sub and quadruple.] Containing one part of four; as subquadruple proportion.

SUBQUIN'QUEFID, adjective [sub and quinquefid.] Almost quinfuefid.

SUBQUIN'TUPLE, adjective [sub and quintuple.] Containing one part of five; as subquintuple proportion.

SUBRA'MOUS, adjective [Latin sub and ramosus, full of branches.]

In botany, having few branches.

SUBREC'TOR, noun [sub and rector.] A rector's deputy or substitute.

SUBREP'TION, noun [Latin subreptio, from subrepo, to creep under.]

The act of obtaining a favor by surprise or unfair representation, that is, by suppression or fraudulent concealment of facts.

SUBREPTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin surreptitius, supra.] Falsely crept in; fraudulently obtained. [See Surreptitious.]

SUB'ROGATE, verb transitive [Latin subrogo.] To put in the place of another. [Not in use. See Surrogate.]

SUBROGA'TION, noun In the civil law, the substituting of one person in the place of another and giving him his rights.

SUBROTUND', adjective [Latin sub and rotundus, round.] Almost round.

SUBSALI'NE, adjective Moderately saline or salt.

SUB'SALT, noun A salt with less acid than is sufficient to neutralize its radicals; or a salt having an excess of the base.

SUBSCAP'ULAR, adjective [Latin sub and scapula.] The subscapular artery

is the large branch of the axillary artery, which rises near the lowest margin of the scapula.

SUBSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin subscribo; sub and scribo, to write.]

1. To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to something written, or to bind one's self by writing one's name beneath; as, parties subscribe a covenant or contract; a man subscribes a bond or articles of agreement.

2. To attest by writing one's name beneath; as, officers subscribe their official acts; and secretaries and clerks subscribe copies of records.

3. To promise to give by writing one's name; as, each man subscribed ten dollars or ten shillings.

4. To submit. [Not in use.]

SUBSCRI'BE, verb intransitive To promise to give a certain sum by setting one's name to a paper. The paper was offered and many subscribed.

1. To assent; as, I could not subscribe to his opinion.

SUBSCRI'BED, participle passive Having a name or names written underneath. The petition is subscribed by two thousand persons.

1. Promised by writing the name and sum.

A large sum is subscribed

SUBSCRI'BER, noun One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking by subscribing.

1. One who enters his name for a paper, book, map and the like.

SUBSCRI'BING, participle present tense Writing one's name underneath; assenting to or attesting by writing the name beneath; entering one's name as a purchaser.

SUBSCRIP'TION, noun [Latin subscriptio.] Any thing, particularly a paper, with names subscribed.

1. The act of subscribing or writing one's name underneath; name subscribed; signature.

2. Consent or attestation given by underwriting the name.

3. The act of contributing to any undertaking.

4. Sum subscribed; amount of sums subscribed. We speak of an individual subscription or of the whole subscription to a fund.

5. Submission; obedience. [Not in use.]

SUBSEC'TION, noun [Latin sub and sectio.] The part or division of a section; a subdivision; the section of a section.

SUBSEC'UTIVE, adjective [Latin subsequor, subsecutus.]

Following in a train or succession. [Little used.]

SUBSEM'ITONE, noun In music, the sharp seventh or sensible of any key.

SUBSEP'TUPLE, adjective [Latin sub and septuplus.] Containing one of seven parts.

SUB'SEQUENCE, noun [Latin subsequor, subsequens; sub and sequor, to follow.] A following; a state of coming after something.

SUB'SEQUENT, adjective [Latin subsequens, supra.]

1. Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely; as subsequent events; subsequent ages or years; a period long subsequent to the foundation of Rome.

2. Following in the order of place or succession; succeeding; as a subsequent clause in a treaty. What is obscure in a passage may be illustrated by subsequent words.

SUB'SEQUENTLY, adverb At a later time; in time after something else. Nothing was done at the first meeting; what was subsequently transacted, I do not know.

1. After something else in order. These difficulties will be subsequently explained.

SUBSERVE, verb transitive subserv.' [Latin subservio; sub and servio, to serve.]

To serve in subordination; to serve instrumentally. In most engines, we make the laws of matter subserve the purposes of art.

Not made to rule,

But to subserve where wisdom bears command.

SUBSERV'IENCE

SUBSERV'IENCY, noun Instrumental use; use or operation that promotes some purpose.

--The body, wherein appears much fitness, use and subserviency to infinite functions.

There is a regular subordination and subserviency among all the parts to beneficial ends.

SUBSERV'IENCY, n. Instrumental use; use or operation that promotes some purpose.

SUBSERV'IENT, adjective [Latin subserviens.] Useful as an instrument to promote a purpose; serving to promote some end.

Hammond had an incredible dexterity, scarcely ever reading any thing which he did not make subservient in one kind or other.

1. Subordinate; acting as a subordinate instrument. These are the creatures of God, subordinate to him, and subservient to his will.

These ranks of creatures are subservient one to another.

SUBSERV'IENTLY, adverb In a subservient manner.

SUBSES'SILE, adjective [Latin sub and sessilis.] In botany, almost sessile; having very short footstalks.

SUBSEX'TUPLE, adjective [Latin sub and sextuplus.] Containing one part in six.

SUBSI'DE, verb intransitive [Latin subsido; sub and sido, to settle. See Set.]

1. To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle; as lees.

2. To fall into a state of quiet; to cease to rage; to be calmed; to become tranquil. Let the passions subside The tumults of war will subside Christ commanded, and the storm subsided.

3. To tend downwards; to sink; as a subsiding hill. The land subsides into a plain.

4. To abate; to be reduced.

In cases of danger, pride and envy naturally subside

SUBSI'DENCE

SUBSI'DENCY, noun The act or process of sinking or falling, as the lees of liquors.

1. The act of sinking or gradually descending, as ground.

SUBSI'DENCY, n. The act or process of sinking or falling, as the lees of liquors.

SUBSID'IARY, adjective [Latin subsidiarius. See Subsidy.]

1. Aiding; assistant; furnishing help. subsidiary troops are troops of one nation hired by another for military service.

2. Furnishing additional supplies; as a subsidiary stream.

SUBSID'IARY, noun An assistant; an auxiliary; he or that which contributes aid or additional supplies.

SUB'SIDIZE, verb transitive [from subsidy.] To furnish with a subsidy; to purchase the assistance of another by the payment of a subsidy to him. Great Britain subsidized some of the German powers in the late war with France.

SUB'SIDIZED, participle passive Engaged as an auxiliary by means of a subsidy.

SUB'SIDIZING, participle present tense Purchasing the assistance of by subsidies.

SUB'SIDY, noun [Latin subsidium, from subsido, literally to be or sit under or by.]

1. Aid in money; supply given; a tax; something furnished for aid, as by the people to their prince; as the subsidies granted formerly to the kings of England.

Subsidies were a tax, not immediately on property, but on persons in respect of their reputed estates, after the nominal rate of 4s. the pound for lands, and 2 Samuel 8:1d. for goods.

2. A sum of money paid by one prince or nation to another, to purchase the service of auxiliary troops, or the aid of such foreign prince in a war against an enemy. Thus Great Britain paid subsidies to Austria and Prussia, to engage them to resist the progress of the French.

SUBSIGN, verb transitive subsi'ne. [Latin subsigno; sub and signo, to sign.]

To sign under; to write beneath. [Little used.]

SUBSIGNA'TION, noun The act of writing the name under something for attestation. [Little used.]

SUBSIST', verb intransitive [Latin subsisto; sub and sisto, to stand, to be fixed.]

1. To be; to have existence; applicable to matter or spirit.

2. To continue; to retain the present state.

Firm we subsist but possible to swerve.

3. To live; to be maintained with food and clothing. How many of the human race subsist on the labors of others! How many armies have subsisted on plunder!

4. To inhere; to have existence by means of something else; as qualities that subsist in substances.

SUBSIST', verb transitive To feed; to maintain; to support with provisions. The king subsisted his troops on provisions plundered from the enemy.

SUBSIST'ENCE

SUBSIST'ENCY, noun Real being; as a chain of differing subsistencies.

Not only the things had subsistence but the very images were of some creatures existing.

1. Competent provisions; means of supporting life.

His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his province.

2. That which supplies the means of living; as money, pay or wages.

3. Inherence in something else, as the subsistence of qualities in bodies.

SUBSIST'ENCY, n. Real being; as a chain of differing subsistencies.

SUBSIST'ENT, adjective [Latin subsistens.] Having real being; as a subsistent spirit.

1. Inherent; as qualities subsistent in matter.

SUB'SOIL, noun [sub and soil.] The bed or stratum of earth which lies between the surface soil and the base on which they rest.

SUBSPE'CIES, noun [sub and species.] A subordinate species; a division of a species.

SUB'STANCE, noun [Latin substantia, substo; sub and sto, to stand.]

1. In a general sense, being; something existing by itself; that which really is or exists; equally applicable to matter or spirit. Thus the soul of man is called an immaterial substance a cogitative substance a substance endued with thought. We say, a stone is a hard substance tallow is a soft substance

2. That which supports accidents.

That which subsists by itself is called substance; that which subsists in and by another, is called a mode or manner of being.

3. The essential part; the main or material part. In this epitome, we have the substance of the whole book.

This edition is the same in substance with the Latin.

4. Something real, not imaginary; something solid, not empty.

Heroic virtue did his actions guide,

And he the substance not th' appearance chose.

5. Body; corporeal nature or matter.

The qualities of plants are more various than those of animal substances.

6. Goods; estate; means of living. Job's substance was seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, etc. Job 1:3.

We are--exhausting our substance but not for our own interest.

SUBSTAN'TIAL, adjective Belonging to substance; real; actually existing.

If this atheist would have his chance to be a real and substantial agent, he is more stupid than the vulgar.

1. Real; solid; true; not seeming or imaginary.

If happiness be a substantial good.

The substantial ornaments of virtue.

2. Corporeal; material.

The rainbow appears like a substantial arch in the sky.

3. Having substance; strong; stout; solid; as substantial cloth; a substantial fence or gate.

4. Possessed of goods or estate; responsible; moderately wealthy; as a substantial freeholder or farmer; a substantial citizen.

SUBSTANTIAL'ITY, noun The state of real existence.

1. Corporeity; materiality.

The soul is a stranger to such gross substantiality

SUBSTAN'TIALLY, adverb In the manner of a substance; with reality of existence.

In him his Father shone, substantially express'd.

1. Strongly; solidly.

2. Truly; solidly; really.

The laws of this religion would make men, if they would truly observe them substantially religious towards God, chaste and temperate.

3. In substance; in the main; essentially.

This answer is substantially the same as that before given.

4. With competent goods or estate.

SUBSTAN'TIALNESS, noun The state of being substantial.

1. Firmness; strength; power of holding or lasting; as the substantialness of a wall or column.

SUBSTAN'TIALS, noun plural Essential parts.

SUBSTAN'TIATE, verb transitive To make to exist.

1. To establish by proof or competent evidence; to verify; to make good, as, to substantiate a charge or allegation; to substantiate a declaration.

SUB'STANTIVE, adjective Betokening existence; as the substantive verb.

1. Solid; depending on itself. [Not in use.]

SUB'STANTIVE, noun In grammar, a noun or name; the part of speech which expresses something that exists, either material or immaterial. Thus man, horse, city, goodness, excellence, are substantives. [Better called name, Latin nomen, or even noun, a corruption of nomen.]

SUB'STANTIVELY, adverb In substance; essentially.

1. In grammar, as a name or noun. An adjective or pronoun may be used substantively

SUB'STILE, noun [sub and stile.] The line of a dial on which the stile is erected.

SUB'STITUTE, verb transitive [Latin substituo; sub and statuo, to set.]

To put in the place of another.

Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room of others.

SUB'STITUTE, noun One person put in the place of another to answer the same purpose. A person may be a substitute with full powers to act for another in an office. Representatives in legislation are the substitutes of their constituents. The orthodox creed of christians is that Christ dies as the substitute of sinners.

1. One thing put in the place of another. If you have not one medicine, use another as its substitute

SUBSTITU'TION, noun The act of putting one person or thing in the place of another to supply its place; as the substitution of an agent, attorney or representative to act for one in his absence; the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver, as a circulating medium.

1. In grammar, syllepsis, or the use of one word for another.

SUBSTRACT', verb transitive [Latin subtraho, subractum.] To subtract.

Note.--Substract was formerly used in analogy with abstract. But in modern usage, it is written according to the Latin, subtract. See this word and its derivatives.

SUBSTRAC'TION, noun In law, the withdrawing or withholding of some right. Thus the substraction of conjugal rights, is when either the husband or wife withdraws from the other and lives separate. The substraction of a legacy, is the withholding or detaining of it from the legatee by the executor. In like manner, the withholding of any service, rent, duty or custom, is a substraction for which the law gives a remedy.

SUBSTRA'TUM, noun [Latin substratus, spread under; sub and sterno.]

1. That which is laid or spread under; a layer of earth lying under another. In agriculture, the subsoil.

2. In metaphysics, the matter or substance supposed to furnish the basis in which the perceptible qualities inhere.

SUBSTRUC'TION, noun [Latin substructio.] Under building.

SUBSTRUC'TURE, noun [Latin sub and structure.] An under structure; a foundation.

SUBSTY'LAR, adjective In dialing, the substylar line, is a right line on which the gnomon or style is erected at right angles with the plane.

SUB'STYLE, noun [sub and style.] In dialing, the line on which the gnomon stands.

SUBSULPH'ATE, noun A sulphate with an excess of the base.

SUBSULT'IVE

SUBSULT'ORILY, adverb In a bounding manner; by leaps, starts or twitches.

SUBSULT'ORILY, adv. In a bounding manner; by leaps, starts or twitches.

SUBSULT'ORY, adjective [from Latin subsultus, a leap, from subsulto; sub and salio.] Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts, or by twitches.

SUBSULT'US, noun [Latin] In medicine, a twitching or convulsive motion; as subsultus tendinum.

SUBSU'ME, verb transitive [Latin sub and sumo.] To assume as a position by consequence. [Not used.]

SUBTAN'GENT, noun In geometry, the part of the axis contained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the same point in a curve.

SUBTEND', verb transitive [Latin sub and tendo, to stretch.] To extend under; as the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle; to subtend the chord of an arch. A line from the eye to a planet, subtends an angle of 40 degrees with the horizon.

SUBTEND'ED, participle passive Extended under.

SUBTEND'ING, participle present tense Extending under.

SUBTENSE, noun subtens'. [Latin sub and tenus.] The chord of an arch or arc.

SUBTEP'ID, adjective [Latin sub and tepidus, warm.] Moderately warm.

SUB'TER, a Latin preposition, signifies under.

SUBTER'FLUENT

SUBTER'FLUOUS, adjective [Latin subterfluens, subterfluo.]

Running under or beneath.

SUBTER'FLUOUS, a. [L. subterfluens, subterfluo.]

Running under or beneath.

SUB'TERFUGE, noun [Latin subter and fugio, to flee.] Literally, that to which a person resorts for escape or concealment; hence, a shift; an evasion; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or to justify opinions or conduct.

Affect not little shifts and subterfuges, to avoid the force of an argument.

SUBTERRA'NE, noun [infra.] A cave or room under ground.

SUBTERRA'NEAN

SUBTERRA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin subter, under, and terra, earth.] Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the earth or under ground; as subterranean springs; a subterraneous passage.

[Subterraneal and Subterrany, are not in use.]

SUBTERRA'NEOUS, a. [L. subter, under, and terra, earth.] Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the earth or under ground; as subterranean springs; a subterraneous passage.

[Subterraneal and Subterrany, are not in use.]

SUBTERRA'NITY, noun A place under ground. [Not in use.]

SUB'TERRANY, noun What lies under ground. [Not in use.]

SUB'TIL, adjective [Latin subtilis. This word is often written subtle, but less properly.]

1. Thin; not dense or gross; as subtil air; subtil vapor; a subtil medium.

2. Nice; fine; delicate.

I do distinguish plain

Each subtil line of her immortal face.

3. Acute; piercing; as subtil pain.

4. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; insinuating; as a subtil person; a subtil adversary.

5. Planned by art; deceitful; as a subtil scheme.

6. Deceitful; treacherous.

7. Refined; fine; acute; as a subtil argument.

SUBTIL'IATE, verb transitive To make thin. [Not in use.]

SUBTILIA'TION, noun The act of making thin or rare. [Not in use.]

SUBTIL'ITY, noun Fineness.

SUBTILIZA'TION, noun [from subtilize.]

1. The act of making subtil, fine or thin. In the laboratory, the operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.

2. Refinement; extreme acuteness.

SUB'TILIZE, verb transitive [Latin subtilis.]

1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.

2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments.

SUB'TILIZE, verb intransitive To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions.

In whatever manner the papist might subtilize--

SUB'TILLY, adverb Thinly; not densely.

1. Finely; not grossly or thickly.

The opakest bodies, if subtilly divided--become perfectly transparent.

2. Artfully; cunningly; craftily; as a scheme subtilly contrived.

SUB'TILNESS, noun Thinness; rareness; as the subtilness of air.

1. Fineness; acuteness; as the subtilness of an argument.

2. Cunning; artfulness; as the subtilness of a foe.

SUB'TILTY, noun [Latin subtilitas.]

1. Thinness; fineness; exility; in a physical sense; as the subtilty of air or light; the subtilty of sounds.

2. Refinement; extreme acuteness.

Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much subtilty in nice divisions.

3. Slyness in design; cunning; artifice; usually but less properly written subtlety.

SUB'TLE, adjective [See Subtil.] Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; applied to persons; as a subtle foe.

1. Cunningly devised; as a subtle stratagem.

SUB'TLY, adverb Slyly; artfully; cunningly.

Thou seest how subtly to detain thee I devise.

1. Nicely; delicately.

In the nice bee, what sense so subtly true.

SUBTRACT', verb transitive [Latin subtraho, subtractus; sub and traho, to draw.]

To withdraw or take a part from the rest; to deduct. subtract 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4.

SUBTRACT'ED, participle passive Withdrawn from the rest; deducted.

SUBTRACT'ER, noun He that subtracts.

1. The number to be taken from a larger number. [Not used.]

SUBTRACT'ING, participle present tense Withdrawing from the rest; deducting.

SUBTRAC'TION, noun [Latin subtractio.] The act or operation of taking a part from the rest.

1. In arithmetic, the taking of a lesser number from a greater of the same kind or denomination; an operation by which is found the difference between two sums.

SUBTRACT'IVE, adjective Tending or having power to subtract.

SUBTRAHEND', noun In arithmetic, the sum or number to be subtracted or taken from another.

SUBTRI'FID, adjective Slightly trifid.

SUBTRIP'LE, adjective [sub and triple.] Containing a third or one part of three.

SUBTRIP'LICATE, adjective In the ratio of the cubes.

SUBTU'TOR, noun [sub and tutor.] An under tutor.

SUB'ULATE, adjective [Latin subula, an awl.] In botany, shaped like an awl; awl-shaped. A subulate leaf, is linear at the bottom, but gradually tapering towards the end.

SUB'URB

SUBURB'AN, adjective [Latin suburbanus. See Suburbs.] Inhabiting or being in the suburbs of a city.

SUBURB'AN, a. [L. suburbanus. See Suburbs.] Inhabiting or being in the suburbs of a city.

SUB'URBED, adjective Bordering on a suburb; having a suburb on its out part.

SUBURBICA'RIAN

SUBURB'ICARY, adjective [Low Latin suburbicarius.] Being in the suburbs; an epithet applied to the provinces of Italy which composed the ancient diocese of Rome.

SUBURB'ICARY, a. [Low L. suburbicarius.] Being in the suburbs; an epithet applied to the provinces of Italy which composed the ancient diocese of Rome.

SUB'URBS, noun [Latin suburbium; sub and urbs, a city.]

1. A building without the walls of a city, but near them; or more generally, the parts that lie without the walls, but in the vicinity of a city. The word may signify buildings, streets or territory. We say, a house stands in the suburbs; a garden is situated in the suburbs of London or Paris.

2. The confines; the out part.

The suburb of their straw-built citadel.

SUBVARI'ETY, noun [sub and variety.] A subordinate variety, or division of a variety.

SUBVENTA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin subventaneus; sub and ventus.]

Addle; windy. [A bad word and not in use.]

SUBVEN'TION, noun [Latin subvenio.] The act of coming under.

1. The act of coming to relief; support; aid. [Little used.]

SUBVERSE, verb transitive subvers'. To subvert. [Not in use.]

SUBVER'SION, noun [Latin subversio. See Subvert.] Entire overthrow; an overthrow of the foundation; utter ruin; as the subversion of a government or state; the subversion of despotic power; the subversion of the constitution or laws; the subversion of an empire.

SUBVERS'IVE, adjective Tending to subvert; having a tendency to overthrow and ruin. Every immorality is subversive of private happiness. Public corruption of morals is subversive of public happiness.

SUBVERT', verb transitive [Latin subverto; sub and verto, to turn.]

1. To overthrow from the foundation; to overturn; to ruin utterly. The northern nations of Europe subverted the Roman empire. He is the worst enemy of man, who endeavors to subvert the christian religion. The elevation of corrupt men to office will slowly, but surely, subvert a republican government.

This would subvert the principles of all knowledge.

2. To corrupt; to confound; to pervert the mind, and turn it from the truth. 2 Timothy 2:14.

SUBVERT'ED, participle passive Overthrown; overturned; entirely destroyed.

SUBVERT'ER, noun One who subverts; an overthrower.

SUBVERT'ING, participle present tense Overthrowing; entirely destroying.

SUBWORK'ER, noun [sub and worker.] A subordinate worker or helper.

SUCCEDA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin succedaneus; sub and cedo.] Supplying the place of something else; being or employed as a substitute.

SUCCEDA'NEUM, noun [supra.] That which is used for something else; a substitute.

SUCCE'DE

SUCCEE'D, verb transitive The first is the more analogical spelling, as in concede, recede. [Latin succedo; sub and cedo, to give way, to pass.]

1. To follow in order; to take the place which another has left; as, the king's eldest son succeeds his father on the throne.

John Adams succeeded Gen. Washington in the presidency of the United States. Lewis XVIII of France has lately deceased, and is succeeded by his brother Charles X.

2. To follow; to come after; to be subsequent or consequent.

Those destructive effects succeeded the curse.

3. To prosper; to make successful.

Succeed my wish, and second my design.

SUCCEE'D, verb intransitive To follow in order.

Not another comfort like to this,

Succeeds in unknown fate.

1. To come in the place of one that has died or quitted the place, or of that which has preceded. Day succeeds to night, and night to day.

Enjoy till I return

Short pleasures; for long woes are to succeed.

Revenge succeeds to love, and rage to grief.

2. To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what is attempted or intended; to have a prosperous termination. The enemy attempted to take the fort by storm, but did not succeed. The assault was violent, but the attempt did not succeed.

It is almost impossible for poets to succeed without ambition.

3. To terminate with advantage; to have a good effect.

Spenser endeavored imitation in the Shepherd's Kalendar; but neither will it succeed in English.

4. To go under cover.

Or will you to the cooler cave succeed? [Not much used.]

SUCCEE'D, v.t. The first is the more analogical spelling, as in concede, recede. [L. succedo; sub and cedo, to give way, to pass.]

SUCCEE'D, v.i. To follow in order.

SUCCEE'DER, noun One that follows or comes in the place of another; a successor. [But the latter word is generally used.]

SUCCEE'DING, participle present tense Following in order; subsequent; coming after; as in all succeeding ages. He attended to the business in every succeeding stage of its progress.

1. Taking the place of another who has quitted the place, or is dead; as a son succeeding his father; an officer succeeding his predecessor.

2. Giving success; prospering.

SUCCEE'DING, noun The act or state of prospering or having success. There is a good prospect of his succeeding

SUCCESS', noun [Latin successus, from succedo.]

1. The favorable or prosperous termination of any thing attempted; a termination which answers the purpose intended; properly in a good sense, but often in a bad sense.

Or teach with more success her son,

The vices of the time to shun.

Every reasonable man cannot but wish me success in this attempt.

Be not discouraged in a laudable undertaking at the ill success of the first attempt.

Military successes, above all others, elevate the minds of a people.

2. Succession. [Not in use.]

[Note. success without an epithet, generally means a prosperous issue.]

SUCCESS'FUL, adjective Terminating in accomplishing what is wished or intended; having the desired effect; hence, in a good sense, prosperous; fortunate; happy; as a successful application of medicine; a successful experiment in chimistry or in agriculture; a successful enterprise.

1. In a bad sense; as a successful attempt to subvert the constitution.

SUCCESS'FULLY, adverb With a favorable termination of what is attempted; prosperously; favorably.

A reformation successfully carried on--

SUCCESS'FULNESS, noun Prosperous conclusion; favorable event; success.

SUCCES'SION, noun [Latin successio.]

1. A following of things in order; consecution; series of things following one another, either in time or place. Thus we speak of a succession of events in chronology, a succession of kings or bishops, and a succession of words or sentences.

2. The act of succeeding or coming in the place of another; as, this happened after the succession of that prince to the throne. So we speak of the succession of heirs to the estates of their ancestors, or collateral succession

3. Lineage; an order or series of descendants.

A long succession must ensue.

4. The power or right of coming to the inheritance of ancestors. He holds the property by the title of succession

What people is so void of common sense,

To vote succession from a native prince?

Succession of crops, in agriculture, is more generally called rotation.

SUCCESS'IVE, adjective

1. Following in order or uninterrupted course, as a series of persons or things, and either in time or place; as the successive revolutions of years or ages; the successive kings of Egypt. The author holds this strain of declamation through seven successive pages or chapters.

Send the successive ills through ages down.

2. Inherited by succession; as a successive title; a successive empire. [Little used.]

SUCCESS'IVELY, adverb In a series or order, one following another. He left three sons, who all reigned successively

The whiteness at length changed successively into blue, indigo and violet.

SUCCESS'IVENESS, noun The state of being successive.

SUCCESS'LESS, adjective Having no success; unprosperous; unfortunate; failing to accomplish what was intended.

Successless all her soft caresses prove.

Best temper'd steel successless prov'd in field.

SUCCESS'LESSNESS, noun Unprosperous conclusion.

SUCCESS'OR, noun [Latin] One that succeeds or follows; one that takes the place which another has left, and sustains the like part or character; correlative to predecessor; as the successor of a deceased king; the successor of a president or governor; a man's son and successor

A gift to a corporation, either of lands or of chattels, without naming their successors, vests an absolute property in them so long as the corporation subsists.

SUCCID'UOUS, adjective [Latin succiduus; sub and cado.] Ready to fail; falling. [Little used.]

SUCCIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin succus, juice, and fero, to bar.] Producing or conveying sap.

SUC'CINATE, noun [from Latin succinum, amber.] A salt formed by the succinic acid and a base.

SUC'CINATED, adjective Impregnated with the acid of amber.

SUCCINCT', adjective ] Latin succinctus; sub and cingo, to surround.]

1. Tucked up; girded up; drawn up to permit the legs to be free.

Hib habit fit for speed succinct [Little used.]

2. Compressed into a narrow compass; short; brief; concise; as a succinct account of the proceedings of the council.

Let all your precepts be succinct and clear.

SUCCINCT'LY, adverb Briefly; concisely.

The facts were succinctly stated.

SUCCINCT'NESS, noun Brevity; conciseness; as the succinctness of a narration.

SUCCIN'IC, adjective Pertaining to amber; drawn from amber; as the succinic acid.

SUC'CINITE, noun [Latin succinum, amber.] A mineral of an amber color, considered as a variety of garnet. It frequently occurs in globular or granular masses, about the size of a pea.

SUC'CINOUS, adjective Pertaining to amber.

SUC'COR, verb transitive [Latin succurro; sub and curro, to run.]

Literally, to run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; as, to succor a besieged city; to succor prisoners.

He is able to succor them that are tempted. Hebrews 2:1.

SUC'COR, noun Aid; help; assistance; particularly, assistance that relieves and delivers from difficulty, want or distress.

My father

Flying for succor to his servant Banister--

1. The person or thing that brings relief.

The city when pressed received succors from an unexpected quarter.

The mighty succor which made glad the foe.

SUC'CORED, participle passive Assisted; relieved.

SUC'CORER, noun He that affords relief; a helper; a deliverer.

SUC'CORLESS, adjective Destitute of help or relief.

SUC'CORY, noun Wild endive, a plant of the genus Cichorium.

SUC'COTASH, noun In America, a mixture of green maiz and beans boiled. The dish, as well as the name, is borrowed from the native Indians.

SUC'CUBA

SUC'CUBUS, noun [Latin sub and cubo.] A pretended kind of demon.

SUC'CUBUS, n. [L. sub and cubo.] A pretended kind of demon.

SUC'CULENCE

SUC'CULENCY, noun [See Succulent.] Juiciness; as the succulence of a peach.

SUC'CULENCY, n. [See Succulent.] Juiciness; as the succulence of a peach.

SUC'CULENT, adjective [Latin succulentus, from succus, juice.] Full of juice; juicy. succulent plants are such as have a juicy and soft stem, as distinguished from such as are ligneous, hard and dry. Thus the grasses are succulent herbs, as are peas, beans and the like.

SUCCUMB', verb intransitive [Latin succumbo; sub and cumbo, cubo, to lie down.]

1. To yield; to submit; as, to succumb to a foreign power.

2. To yield; to sink unresistingly; as, to succumb under calamities.

SUCCUMB'ING, participle present tense Yielding; submitting; sinking.

SUCCUSSA'TION, noun [Latin succusso, to shake.] A trot or trotting.

1. A shaking; succussion.

SUCCUS'SION, noun [Latin succussio, from succusso, to shake; sub and quasso.]

1. The act of shaking; a shake.

2. In medicine, a shaking of the nervous parts by powerful stimulants.

SUCEE'DED, participle passive Followed in order; prospered; attended with success.

SUCH, adjective

1. Of that kind; of the like kind. We never saw such a day; we have never had such a time as the present.

It has as before the thing to which it relates. Give your children such precepts as tend to make them wiser and better.

It is to be noted that the definitive adjective a, never precedes such but is placed between it and the noun to which it refers; as such a man; such an honor.

2. The same that. This was the state of the kingdom at such time as the enemy landed.

3. The same as what has been mentioned.

That thou art happy, owe to God;

That thou continu'st such owe to thyself.

4. Referring to what has been specified. I have commanded my servant to be at such a place.

5. such and such is used in reference to a person or place of a certain kind.

The sovereign authority may enact a law, commanding such and such an action.

SUCK, verb transitive [Latin sugo.]

1. To draw with the mouth; to draw out, as a liquid from a cask, or milk from the breast; to draw into the mouth. To suck is to exhaust the air of the mouth or of a tube; the fluid then rushes into the mouth or tube by means of the pressure of the surrounding air.

2. To draw milk from with the mouth; as, the young of an animal sucks the mother or dam, or the breast.

3. To draw into the mouth; to imbibe; as, to suck in air; to suck the juice of plants.

4. To draw or drain.

Old ocean suck'd through the porous globe.

5. To draw in, as a whirlpool; to absorb.

6. To inhale.

To suck in, to draw into the mouth; to imbibe; to absorb.

To suck out, to draw out with the mouth; to empty by suction.

To suck up, to draw into the mouth.

SUCK, verb intransitive To draw by exhausting the air, as with the mouth, or with a tube.

1. To draw the breast; as, a child, or the young of any animal, is first nourished by sucking.

2. To draw in; to imbibe.

SUCK, noun The act of drawing with the mouth.

1. Milk drawn from the breast by the mouth.

SUCK'ED, participle passive Drawn with the mouth, or with an instrument that exhausts the air; imbibed; absorbed.

SUCK'ER, noun He or that which draws with the mouth.

1. The embolus or piston of a pump.

2. A pipe through which any thing is drawn.

3. The shoot of a plant from the roots or lower part of the stem; so called perhaps from its drawing its nourishment from the root or stem.

4. A fish, called also remora; also, a name of the Cyclopterus or lump-fish.

5. The name of a common river fish in New England.

SUCK'ER, verb transitive To strip off shoots; to deprive of suckers; as, to sucker maiz.

SUCK'ET, noun A sweetmeat for the mouth.

SUCK'ING, participle present tense Drawing with the mouth or with an instrument; imbibing; absorbing.

SUCK'LE, noun A teat. [Not in use.]

SUCK'LE, verb transitive To give suck to; to nurse at the breast. Romulus and Remus are fabled to have been suckled by a wolf.

SUCK'LED, participle passive Nursed at the breast.

SUCK'LING, participle present tense Nursing at the breast.

SUCK'LING, noun A young child or animal nursed at the breast. Psalms 8:2.

1. A sort of white clover.

SUC'TION, noun The act of sucking or drawing into the mouth, as fluids.

1. The act of drawing, as fluids into a pipe or other thing.

SU'DAK, noun A fish, a species of Perca.

SU'DARY, noun [Latin sudarium, from sudo, to sweat.] A napkin or handkerchief. [Not in use.]

SUDA'TION, noun [Latin sudatio.] A sweating.

SU'DATORY, noun [Latin sudatorium, from sudo, to sweat.]

A hot house; a sweating bath.

SU'DATORY, adjective Sweating.

SUD'DEN, adjective [Latin subitaneus.]

1. Happening without previous notice; coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparatives.

And sudden fear troubleth thee. Job 22:10.

For when they shall say, peace and safety, then sudden destruction cometh upon them. 1 Thessalonians 5:3.

2. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate; passionate. [Not in use.]

SUD'DEN, noun An unexpected occurrence; surprise. [Not in use.]

On a sudden sooner than was expected; without the usual preparatives.

How art thou lost, how on a sudden lost!

[Of a sudden is not usual, and is less elegant.]

SUD'DENLY, adverb In an unexpected manner; unexpectedly; hastily; without preparation.

Therefore his calamity shall come suddenly Proverbs 6:15.

1. Without premeditation.

SUD'DENNESS, noun State of being sudden; a coming or happening without previous notice. The suddenness of the event precluded preparation.

SUDORIF'IC, adjective [Latin sudor, sweat, and facio, to make.]sweat; exciting perspiration; as sudorific herbs.

SUDORIF'IC, noun A medicine that produces sweat or sensible perspiration.

SU'DOROUS, adjective [Latin sudor, sweat.] Consisting of sweat.

SUDS, noun sing. Water impregnated with soap.

To be in the suds to be in turmoil or difficulty; a familiar phrase.

SUE, verb transitive su. [Latin sequor. See Seek and Essay.]

1. To seek justice or right from one by legal process; to institute process in law against one; to prosecute in a civil action for the recovery of a real or supposed right; as, to sue one for debt; to sue one for damages in trespass. Matthew 5:40.

2. To gain by legal process.

3. To clean the beak, as a hawk; a term of falconry.

To sue out, to petition for and take out; or to apply for and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue out a pardon for a criminal.

SUE, verb intransitive To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek for in law; as, to sue for damages.

1. To seek by request; to apply for; to petition; to entreat.

By adverse destiny constrain'd to sue

For counsel and redress, he sues to you.

2. To make interest for; to demand.

Caesar come to Rome to sue for the double honor of a triumph and the consulship.

SU'ED, participle passive Prosecuted; sought in law.

SU'ET, noun The fat of an animal, particularly that about the kidneys; lard.

SU'ETY, adjective Consisting of suet, or resembling it; as a suety substance.

SUF'FER, verb transitive [Latin suffero; sub, under, and fero, to bear; as we say, to undergo.]

1. To feel or bear what is painful, disagreeable or distressing, either to the body or mind; to undergo. We suffer pain of body; we suffer grief of mind. The criminal suffers punishment; the sinner suffers the pangs of conscience in this life, and is condemned to suffer the wrath of an offended God. We often suffer wrong; we suffer abuse; we suffer injustice.

2. To endure; to support; to sustain; not to sink under.

Our spirit and strength entire,

Strongly to suffer and support our pains.

3. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder. Will you suffer yourself to be insulted?

I suffer them to enter and possess.

Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbor, and not suffer sin upon him. Lex.19.

4. To undergo; to be affected by. Substances suffer an entire change by the action of fire, or by entering into new combinations.

5. To sustain; to be affected by; as, to suffer loss or damage.

SUF'FER, verb intransitive To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is inconvenient. We suffer with pain, sickness or sorrow. We suffer with anxiety. We suffer by evils past and by anticipating others to come. We suffer from fear and from disappointed hopes.

1. To undergo, as punishment.

The father was first condemned to suffer on a day appointed, and the son afterwards, the day following.

2. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage. A building suffers for want of seasonable repairs. It is just that we should suffer for neglect of duty.

Public business suffers by private infirmities.

SUF'FERABLE, adjective That may be tolerated or permitted; allowable.

1. That may be endured or borne.

SUF'FERABLY, adverb Tolerably; so as to be endured.

SUF'FERANCE, noun The bearing of pain; endurance; pain endured; misery.

He must not only die,

But thy unkindness shall the death draw out

To ling'ring sufferance

1. Patience; moderation; a bearing with patience.

But hasty heat temp'ring with sufferance wise.

2. Toleration; permission; allowance; negative consent by not forbidding or hindering.

In process of time, sometimes by sufferance sometimes by special leave and favor, they erected to themselves oratories.

In their beginning, they are weak and wan,

But soon through sufferance grow to fearful end.

An estate at sufferance in law, is where a person comes into possession of land by lawful title, but keeps it after the title ceases, without positive leave of the owner.

SUF'FERED, participle passive Borne; undergone; permitted; allowed.

SUF'FERER, noun One who endures or undergoes pain, either of body or mind; one who sustains inconvenience or loss; as suffers by poverty or sickness. Men are sufferers by fire or losses at sea; they are sufferers by the ravages of an enemy; still more are they sufferers by their own vices and follies.

1. One that permits or allows.

SUF'FERING, participle present tense Bearing; undergoing pain, inconvenience or damage; permitting; allowing.

SUF'FERING, noun The bearing of pain, inconvenience or loss; pain endured; distress, loss or injury incurred; as sufferings by pain or sorrow; sufferings by want or by wrongs.

SUFFICE, verb intransitive suffi'ze. [Latin sufficio; sub and facio.]

To be enough or sufficient; to be equal to the end proposed.

To recount Almighty works

What words or tongue of seraph can suffice?

SUFFICE, verb transitive suffi'ze. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of.

Let it suffice thee; speak no more to me of this matter.

Deuteronomy 3:26.

Lord, show us the Father, and it sufficeth us. John 14:1.

Ruth 2:14.

1. To afford; to supply.

The pow'r appeas'd, with wind suffic'd the sail. [Not in use.]

SUFFICED, participle passive suffi'zed. Satisfied; adequately supplied.

SUFFI'CIENCY, noun The state of being adequate to the end proposed.

His sufficiency is such, that he bestows and possesses, his plenty being unexhausted.

1. Qualification for any purpose.

I am not so confident of my own sufficiency as not willingly to admit the counsel of others.

2. Competence; adequate substance or means.

An elegant sufficiency content.

3. Supply equal to wants; ample stock or fund.

4. Ability; adequate power.

Our sufficiency is of God. 2 Corinthians 3:5.

5. Conceit; self-confidence. [See Self-sufficiency.]

SUFFI'CIENT, adjective [Latin sufficiens.] Enough; equal to the end proposed; adequate to wants; competent; as provision sufficient for the family; water sufficient for the voyage; an army sufficient to defend the country.

My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Corinthians 12:9.

1. Qualified; competent; possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; as a man sufficient for an office.

2. Fit; able; of competent power or ability.

Who is sufficient for these things? 2 Corinthians 2:6.

SUFFI'CIENTLY, adverb To a sufficient degree; enough; to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content; as, we are sufficiently supplied with food and clothing; a man sufficiently qualified for the discharge of his official duties.

SUFFICING, participle present tense suffi'zing. Supplying what is needed; satisfying.

SUFFI'SANCE, noun Sufficiency; plenty. [Not in use.]

SUF'FIX, noun [Latin suffixus, suffigo; sub and figo, to fix.]

A letter or syllable added or annexed to the end of a word.

SUFFIX', verb transitive To add or annex a letter or syllable to a word.

SUFFIX'ED, participle passive Added to the end of a word.

SUFFIX'ING, participle present tense Adding to the end of a word.

SUFFLAM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin sufflamen, a stop.] To stop; to impede. [Not in use.]

SUFFLA'TE, verb transitive [Latin sufflo; sub and flo, to blow.]

To blow up; to inflate. [Little used.]

SUFFLA'TION, noun [Latin sufflatio.] The act of blowing up or inflating.

SUF'FOCATE, verb transitive [Latin suffoco; sub and focus, or its root.]

1. To choke or kill by stopping respiration. Respiration may be stopped by the interception of air, as in hanging and strangling, or by the introduction of smoke, dust or mephitic air into the lungs. Men may be suffocated by the halter; or men may be suffocated in smoke or in carbonic acid gas, as in mines and wells.

And let not hemp his windpipe suffocate

2. To stifle; to destroy; to extinguish; as, to suffocate fire or live coals.

A swelling discontent is apt to suffocate and strangle without passage.

SUF'FOCATE, adjective Suffocated.

SUF'FOCATED, participle passive Choked; stifled.

SUF'FOCATING, participle present tense Choking; stifling.

SUF'FOCATINGLY, adverb So as to suffocate; as suffocatingly hot.

SUFFOCA'TION, noun The act of choking or stifling; a stopping of respiration, either by intercepting the passage of air to and from the lungs, or by inhaling smoke, dust or air that is not respirable.

1. The act of stifling, destroying or extinguishing.

SUF'FOCATIVE, adjective Tending or able to choke or stifle; as suffocative catarrhs.

SUFFOS'SION, noun [Latin suffossio; sub and fodio, to dig.]

A digging under; an undermining.

SUF'FRAGAN, adjective [Latin suffragans, assisting; suffragor, to vote for, to favor.] Assisting; as a suffragan bishop.

SUF'FRAGAN, noun A bishop, considered as an assistant to his metropolitan; or rather, an assistant bishop. By 26 Hen.VIII. suffragans are to be denominated from some principal place in the diocese of the prelate whom they are to assist.

SUF'FRAGANT, noun An assistant; a favorer; one who concurs with.

SUF'FRAGATE, verb transitive [Latin suffragor.] To vote with. [Not in use.]

SUF'FRAGATOR, noun [Latin] One who assists or favors by his vote.

SUF'FRAGE, noun [Latin suffragium.]

1. A vote; a voice given in deciding a controverted question, or in the choice of a man for an office or trust. Nothing can be more grateful to a good man than to be elevated to office by the unbiased suffrages of free enlightened citizens.

Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their suffrages the observation made by heathen writers.

2. United voice of persons in public prayer.

3. Aid; assistance; A Latinism. [Not in use.]

SUFFRAG'INOUS, adjective [Latin suffrago, the pastern or hough.]

Pertaining to the knee joint of a beast.

SUFFRU'TICOUS, adjective [Latin sub and fruticosus; frutex, a shrub.]

In botany, under-shrubby, or part shrubby; permanent or woody at the base, but the yearly branches decaying; as sage, thyme, hyssop, etc.

SUFFU'MIGATE, verb transitive [Latin suffumigo.] To apply fumes or smoke to the internal parts of the body, as in medicine.

SUFFUMIGA'TION, noun Fumigation; the operation of smoking any thing, or rather of applying fumes to the internal parts of the body.

1. A term applied to all medicines that are received into the body in the form of fumes.

SUFFU'MIGE, noun A medical fume.

SUFFU'SE, verb transitive suffi'ze. [Latin suffusus, suffundo; sub and fundo, to pour.] To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; as eyes suffused with tears; cheeks suffused with blushes.

When purple light shall next suffuse the skies.

SUFFU'SED, participle passive Overspread, as with a fluid or with color.

SUFFU'SION, noun [Latin suffusio.]

1. The act or operation of overspreading, as with a fluid or with a color.

2. The state of being suffused or spread over.

To those that have the jaundice or like suffusion of eyes, objects appear of that color.

3. That which is suffused or spread over.

SUG, noun [Latin sugo, to suck.] A kind or worm.

SUGAR, noun SHUG'AR. [Latin saccharum.]

1. A well known substance manufactured chiefly from the sugar cane, arundo saccharifera; but in the United States, great quantities of this article are made from the sugar maple; and in France, a few years since, it was extensively manufactured from the beet. The saccharine liquor is concentrated by boiling, which expels the water; lime is added to neutralize the acid that is usually present; the gresser impurities rise to the surface, and are separated in the form of scum; and finally as the liquor cools, the sugar separates from the melasses in grains. The sirup or melasses is drained off, leaving the sugar in the state known in commerce by the name of raw or muscovado sugar This is farther purified by means of clay, or more extensively by bullocks' blood, which forming a coagulum, envelops the impurities. Thus clarified, it takes the names of lump, loaf, refined, etc. according to the different degrees of purification. sugar is a proximate element of the vegetable kingdom, and is found in most ripe fruits and many farinaceous roots. By fermentation, sugar is converted into alcohol, and hence forms the basis of those substances which are used for making intoxicating liquors, as melasses, grapes, apples, malt, etc.

The ultimate elements of sugar are oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. Of all vegetable principles, it is considered by Dr. Rush as the most wholesome and nutritious.

2. A chimical term; as the sugar of lead.

SUGAR, verb transitive SHUG'AR. To impregnate, season, cover, sprinkle or mix with sugar

1. To sweeten.

But flattery still in sugar'd words betrays.

SUGAR of lead, acetate of lead.

SUG'ARY, adjective Tinctured or sweetened with sugar; sweet; tasting like sugar.

1. Fond of sugar, or of sweet things.

2. Containing sugar.

3. Like sugar.

SUGES'CENT, adjective [Latin sugens, sucking.] Relating to sucking.

SUG'GEST, verb transitive [Latin suggero, suggestus; sub and gero.]

1. To hint; to intimate or mention in the first instance; as, to suggest a new mode of cultivation; to suggest a different scheme or measure; to suggest a new idea.

2. To offer to the mind or thoughts.

Some ideas are suggested to the mind by all the ways of sensation and reflection.

3. To seduce; to draw to ill by insinuation.

Knowing that tender youth is soon suggested. [Not in use.]

4. To inform secretly.

We must suggest the people. [Not in use.]

SUGGEST'ED, participle passive Hinted; intimated.

SUGGEST'ER, noun One that suggests.

SUGGES'TION, noun A hint; a first intimation, proposal or mention. The measure was adopted at the suggestion of an eminent philosopher.

1. Presentation of an idea to the mind; as the suggestions of fancy or imagination; the suggestions of conscience.

2. Insinuation; secret notification or incitement.

3. In law, information without oath.

SUGGEST'IVE, adjective Containing a hint or intimation.

SUG'GIL, verb transitive [Latin suggillo.] To defame. [Not in use.]

SUG'GILATE, verb transitive [Latin suggillo.] To beat black and blue. [Not in use.]

SUGGILA'TION, noun A black and blue mark; a blow; a bruise. [Not in use.]

SUICI'DAL, adjective Partaking of the crime of suicide.

SU'ICIDE, noun [Latin suicidium; se and coedo, to slay.]

1. Self-murder; the act of designedly destroying one's own life. To constitute suicide the person must be of years of discretion and of sound mind.

2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo de se.

SUICISM, for suicide, is not in use.

SUIL'LAGE, noun Drain of filth.

SU'ING, participle present tense of sue. Prosecuting.

SU'ING, noun [Latin sudo.] The process of soaking through any thing. [Not in use.]

SUIT, noun [Latin sequor.] See Seek. In Law Latin, secta is from the same source.] Literally, a following; and so used in the old English statutes.

1. Consecution; succession; series; regular order; as the same kind and suit of weather. [Not now so applied.]

2. A set; a number of things used together, and in a degree necessary to be united, in order to answer the purpose; as a suit of curtains; a suit of armor; sometimes with less dependence of the particular parts on each other, but still united in use; as a suit of clothes; a suit of apartments.

3. A set of the same kind or stamp, as a suit of cards.

4. Retinue; a company or number of attendants or followers; attendance; train; as a nobleman and his suit [This is sometimes pronounced as a French word, sweet; but in all its senses, this is the same word, and the affectation of making it French in one use and English in another, is improper, not to say ridiculous.]

5. A petition; a seeking for something by petition or application.

Many shall make suit to thee. Job 11:19.

6. Solicitation of a woman in marriage; courtship.

7. In law, an action or process for the recovery of a right or claim; legal application to a court for justice; prosecution of right before any tribunal; as a civil suit; a criminal suit; a suit in chancery.

In England, the several suits or remedial instruments of justice, are distinguished into three kinds, actions personal, real, and mixed.

8. Pursuit; prosecution; chase.

SUIT and service, in feudal law, the duty of feudatories to attend the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in war, to follow them and perform military service.

To bring suit a phrase in law, denoting literally to bring secta, followers or witnesses to prove the plaintif's demand. The phrase is antiquated, or rather it has changed its signification; for to bring a suit now is to institute an action.

Out of suits, having no correspondence.

SUIT-covenant, in law, is a covenant to sue at a certain court.

SUIT-court, in law, the court in which tenants owe attendance to their lord.

SUIT, verb transitive To fit; to adapt; to make proper. suit the action to the word. suit the gestures to the passion to be expressed. suit the style to the subject.

1. To become; to be fitted to.

Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well.

Raise her notes to that sublime degree,

Which suits a song of piety and thee.

2. To dress; to clothe.

Such a Sebastian was by brother too,

So went he suited to his watery tomb.

3. To please; to make content. He is well suited with his place.

SUIT, verb intransitive To agree; to accord; as, to suit with; to suit to. Pity suits with a noble nature.

Give me not an office

That suits with me so ill--

The place itself was suiting to his care.

[The use of with, after suit is now most frequent.]

SUITABLE, adjective Fitting; according with; agreeable to; proper; becoming; as ornaments suitable to one's character and station; language suitable to the subject.

1. Adequate. We cannot make suitable returns for divine mercies.

SUITABLENESS, noun Fitness; propriety; agreeableness; a state of being adapted or accommodated. Consider the laws, and their suitableness to our moral state.

SUITABLY, adverb Fitly; agreeably; with propriety. Let words be suitably applied.

SUITED, participle passive Fitted; adapted; pleased.

SUITING, participle present tense Fitting; according with; becoming; pleasing.

SUITOR, noun One that sues or prosecutes a demand of right in law, as a plaintiff, petitioner or appellant.

1. One who attends a court, whether plaintiff, defendant, petitioner, appellant, witness, juror and the like. These, in legal phraseology, are all included in the word suitors.

2. A petitioner; an applicant.

She hath been a suitor to me for her brother.

3. One who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a lover.

SUITRESS, noun A female supplicant.

SUL'CATE

SUL'CATED, adjective [Latin sulcus, a furrow.] In botany, furrowed; grooved; scored with deep broad channels longitudinally; as a sulcated stem.

SUL'CATED, a. [L. sulcus, a furrow.] In botany, furrowed; grooved; scored with deep broad channels longitudinally; as a sulcated stem.

SUL'KINESS, noun [from sulky.] Sullenness; sourness; moroseness.

SUL'KY, adjective Sullen; sour; heavy; obstinate; morose.

While these animals remain in their inclosures, they are sulky

SUL'KY, noun A carriage for a single person.

SUL'LAGE, noun [See Sulliage.] A drain of filth, or filth collected from the street or highway.

SUL'LEN, adjective [perhaps set, fixed, and allied to silent, sill, etc.]

1. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill humor.

And sullen I forsook th' imperfect feast.

2. Mischievous; malignant.

Such sullen planets at my birth did shine.

3. Obstinate; intractable.

Things are as sullen as we are.

4. Gloomy; dark; dismal.

Why are thine eyes fix'd to the sullen earth?

Night with her sullen wings.

No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows.

5. Heavy; dull; sorrowful.

Be thou the trumpet of our wrath,

And sullen presage of your own decay.

SUL'LENLY, adverb Gloomily; malignantly; intractably; with moroseness.

SUL'LENNESS, noun Ill nature with silence; silent moroseness; gloominess; malignity; intractableness.

SUL'LENS, noun plural A morose temper; gloominess. [Not in use.]

SUL'LIAGE, noun Foulness; filth. [Not in use.]

SUL'LIED, participle passive Soiled; tarnished; stained.

SUL'LY, verb transitive

1. To soil; to dirt; to spot; to tarnish.

And statues sullied yet with sacrilegious smoke.

2. To tarnish; to darken.

Let there be no spots to sully the brightness of this solemnity.

3. To stain; to tarnish; as the purity of reputation; as virtues sullied by slanders; character sullied by infamous vices.

SUL'LY, verb intransitive To be soiled or tarnished.

Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding.

SUL'LY, noun Soil, tarnish; spot.

A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little spots and sullies on his reputation.

SUL'LYING, participle present tense Soiling; tarnishing; staining.

SUL'PHATE, noun [from sulphur.] A neutral salt formed by sulphuric acid in combination with any base; as sulphate of lime.

SULPHAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to sulphate.

SUL'PHITE, noun [from sulphur.] A salt or definite compound formed by a combination of sulphurous acid with a base.

SUL'PHORE

SUL'PHUR, noun [Latin] A simple combustible mineral substance, of a yellow color, brittle, insoluble in water, but fusible by heat. It is called also brimstone, that is, burn-stone, from its great combustibility. It burns with a blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor. Sulphur native or prismatic is of two kinds, common and volcanic.

SUL'PHUR, n. [L.] A simple combustible mineral substance, of a yellow color, brittle, insoluble in water, but fusible by heat. It is called also brimstone, that is, burn-stone, from its great combustibility. It burns with a blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor. Sulphur native or prismatic is of two kinds, common and volcanic.

SUL'PHURATE, adjective [Latin sulphuratus.] Belonging to sulphur; of the color of sulphur. [Little used.]

SUL'PHURATE, verb transitive To combine with sulphur.

SUL'PHURATED, participle passive Combined or impregnated with sulphur; as sulphurated hydrogen gas.

SULPHURA'TION, noun Act of addressing or anointing with sulphur.

SULPHU'REOUS, adjective Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur or brimstone; impregnated with sulphur.

Her snakes untied, sulphureous waters drink.

SULPHU'REOUSLY, adverb In a sulphureous manner.

SULPHU'REOUSNESS, noun The state of being sulphureous.

SUL'PHURET, noun A combination of sulphur with a metallic, earthy or alkaline base; as a sulphuret of potash.

SUL'PHURETED, adjective Applied to gaseous bodies holding sulphur in solution; as sulphureted hydrogen.

SUL'PHURIC, adjective Pertaining to sulphur; more strictly, designating an acid formed by sulphur saturated with oxygen; as sulphuric acid, formerly called vitriolic acid, or oil of vitrol.

SUL'PHUROUS, adjective Like sulphur; containing sulphur; also, designating an acid formed by sulphur subsaturated with oxygen. This is called sulphurous acid.

SUL'PHURY, adjective Partaking of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur.

SUL'TAN, noun [ Heb. to rule.] An appellation given to the emperor of the Turks, denoting ruler or commander.

SULTA'NA

SUL'TANESS, noun The queen of a sultan; the empress of the Turks.

SUL'TANESS, n. The queen of a sultan; the empress of the Turks.

SUL'TANRY, noun An eastern empire; the dominions of a sultan.

SUL'TRINESS, noun [from sultry.] The state of being sultry; heat with a moist or close air.

SUL'TRY, adjective

1. Very hot, burning and oppressive; as Libya's sultry deserts.

2. Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant and unelastic; as air or the atmosphere. A sultry air is usually enfeebling and oppressive to the human body.

Such as born beneath the burning sky

And sultry sun, betwixt the tropics lie.

SUM, noun [Latin summa, a sum; Latin simul, together; Heb. to set or place.]

1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added. The sum of 5 and 7 is 12.

How precious are thy thoughts to me, O God! how great is the sum of them! Psalms 139:17.

Take the sum of all the congregation. Numbers 1:2.

[Sum is now applied more generally to numbers, and number to persons.]

2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount indefinitely. I sent him a sum of money, a small sum or a large sum I received a large sum in bank notes.

3. Compendium; abridgment; the amount; the substance. This is the sum of all the evidence in the case. This is the sum and substance of all his objections. The sum of all I have said is this.

The phrase, in sum is obsolete or nearly so.

In sum the gospel considered as a law, prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin.

4. Highth; completion.

Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought

My story to the sum of earthly bliss.

SUM, verb transitive To add particulars into one whole; to collect two or more particular numbers into one number; to cast up; usually followed by up, but it is superfluous. Custom enables a man to sum up a long column of figures with surprising facility and correctness.

The hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day.

1. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense. He summed up his arguments at the close of his speech, with great force and effect.

'Go to the ant, thou sluggard, ' in few words, sums up the moral of this fable.

2. In falconry, to have feathers full grown.

With prosperous wing full summ'd. [Unusual.]

SUMAC

SUMACH, noun shu'mak. A plant or shrub of the genus Rhus, of many species, some of which are used in tanning and dyeing, and in medicine.

SUMACH, n. shu'mak. A plant or shrub of the genus Rhus, of many species, some of which are used in tanning and dyeing, and in medicine.

SUM'LESS, adjective Not to be computed; of which the amount cannot be ascertained.

The sumless treasure of exhausted mines.

SUM'MARILY, adverb [from summary.] In a summary manner; briefly; concisely; in a narrow compass or in few words. The Lord's prayer teaches us summarily the things we are to ask for.

1. In a short way or method.

When the parties proceed summarily and they choose the ordinary way of proceeding, the cause is made plenary.

SUM'MARY, adjective [Latin summa.] Reduced into a narrow compass, or into few words; short; brief; concise; compendious; as a summary statement of arguments or objections; a summary proceeding or process.

SUM'MARY, noun An abridged account; an abstract, abridgment or compendium, containing the sum or substance of a fuller account; as the comprehensive summary of our duty to God in the first table of the law.

SUM'MED, participle passive [from sum.] Collected into a total amount; fully grown, as feathers.

SUM'MER, noun One who casts up an account.

SUM'MER, noun With us, the season of the year comprehended in the months June, July and August; during which time, the sun being north of the equator, shines more directly upon this part of the earth, which, together with the increased length of the days, renders this the hottest period of the year. In latitudes south of the equator, just the opposite takes place, or it is summer there when it is winter here.

The entire year is also sometimes divided into summer and winter, the former signifying the warmer and the latter the colder part of the year.

SUM'MER, verb intransitive To pass the summer or warm season.

The fowls shall summer upon them. Isaiah 18:6.

SUM'MER, verb transitive To keep warm. [Little used.]

SUM'MER, noun

1. A large stone, the first that is laid over columns and pilasters, beginning to make a cross vault; or a stone laid over a column, and hollowed to receive the first haunce of a platband.

2. A large timber supported on two stone piers or posts, serving as a lintel to a door or window, etc.

3. A large timber or beam laid as a central floor timber, inserted into the girders, and receiving the ends of the joists and supporting them. This timber is seen in old buildings in America and in France. In America, it is wholly laid aside. It is called in England summer-tree.

SUMMERSET, noun A high leap in which the heels are thrown over the head.

SUM'MING, participle present tense of sum. Adding together.

SUM'MIST, noun One that forms an abridgment. [Little used.]

SUM'MIT, noun [Latin summitas, from summus, highest.]

1. The top; the highest point; as the summit of a mountain.

2. The highest point or degree; utmost elevation. The general arrived to the summit of human fame.

SUM'MON, verb transitive [Latin submoneo; sub and moneo.]

1. To call, cite or notify by authority to appear at a place specified, or to attend in person to some public duty, or both; as, to summon a jury; to summon witnesses.

The parliament is summoned by the king's writ or letter.

Nor trumpets summon him to war.

2. To give notice to a person to appear in court and defend.

3. To call or command.

Love, duty, safety summon us away.

4. To call up; to excite into action or exertion; with up. summon up all your strength or courage.

Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood.

SUM'MONED, participle passive Admonished or warned by authority to appear or attend to something; called or cited by authority.

SUM'MONER, noun One who summons or cites by authority. In England, the sheriff's messenger, employed to warn persons to appear in court.

SUM'MONING, participle present tense Citing by authority to appear or attend to something.

SUM'MONS, noun with a plural termination, but used in the singular number; as a summons is prepared. [Latin submoneas.]

A call by authority or the command of a superior to appear at a place named, or to attend to some public duty.

This summons he resolved not to disobey.

He sent to summon the seditious and to offer pardon; but neither summons nor pardon was regarded.

1. In law, a warning or citation to appear in court; or a written notification signed by the proper officer, to be served on a person, warning him to appear in court at a day specified, to answer to the demand of the plaintiff.

SUMOOM', noun A pestilential wind of Persia. [See Simoom.]

SUMP, noun In metallurgy, a round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion.

1. A pond of water reserved for salt-works.

2. In mining, a pit sunk below the bottom of the mine.

SUMP'TER, noun A horse that carries clothes or furniture; a baggage-horse; usually called a pack-horse.

SUMP'TION, noun [Latin sumo, , sumptus.] A taking. [Not in use.]

SUMP'TUARY, adjective [Latin sumptuarius, from sumptus, expense.]

Relating to expense. sumptuary laws or regulations are such as restrain or limit the expenses of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, etc. sumptuary laws are abridgments of liberty, and of very difficult execution. They can be justified only on the ground of extreme necessity.

SUMPTUOS'ITY, noun [from sumptuous.] Expensiveness; costliness. [Not in use.]

SUMP'TUOUS, adjective [Latin sumptuosus.] Costly; expensive; hence, splendid; magnificent; as a sumptuous house or table; sumptuous apparel.

We are too magnificent and sumptuous in our tables and attendance.

SUMP'TUOUSLY, adverb Expensively; splendidly; with great magnificence.

SUMP'TUOUSNESS, noun Costliness; expensiveness.

I will not fall out with those who can reconcile sumptuousness and charity.

1. Splendor; magnificence.

SUN, noun

1. The splendid orb or luminary which, being in or near the center of our system of worlds, gives light and heat to all the planets. The light of the sun constitutes the day, and the darkness which proceeds form its absence, or the shade of the earth, constitutes the night. Psalms 136:8.

2. In popular usage, a sunny place; a place where the beams of the sun fall; as, to stand in the sun that is, to stand where the direct rays of the sun fall.

3. Any thing eminently splendid or luminous; that which is the chief source of light or honor. The natives of America complain that the sun of their glory is set.

I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignty to posterity.

4. In Scripture, Christ is called the sun of righteousness, as the source of light, animation and comfort to his disciples.

5. The luminary or orb which constitutes the center of any system of worlds. The fixed stars are supposed to be suns in their respective systems.

Under the sun in the world; on earth; a proverbial expression.

There is no new thing under the sun Ecclesiastes 1:3.

SUN, verb transitive To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the light of the sun; to insolate; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain.

--Then to sun thyself in open air.

SUN'BEAM, noun [sun and beam.] A ray of the sun. Truth written with a sunbeam is truth made obviously plain.

Gliding through the even on a sunbeam

SUN'-BEAT, adjective [sun and beat.] Struck by the sun's rays; shone brightly on.

SUN'CLAD, adjective [sun and clad.] Clad in radiance or brightness.

SUN'DAY, noun The christian sabbath; the first day of the week, a day consecrated to rest from secular employments, and to religious worship. It is called also the Lord's day. Many pious persons however discard the use of sunday and call the day the sabbath.

SUN'DER, verb transitive

1. To part; to separate; to divide; to disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting, or breaking; as, to sunder a rope or cord; to sunder a limb or joint; to sunder friends, or the ties of friendship. The executioner sunders the head from the body at a stroke. A mountain may be sundered by an earthquake.

Bring me lightning, give me thunder;

--Jove may kill, but ne'er shall sunder

2. To expose to the sun. [Provincial in England.]

SUN'DER, noun In sunder in tow.

He cutteth the spear in sunder Psalms 46:9.

SUN'DERED, participle passive Separated; divided; parted.

SUN'DERING, participle present tense Parting; separating.

SUN'-DEW, noun [sun and dew.] A plant of the genus Drosera.

SUN'DRY, adjective Several; divers; more than one or two. [This word, like several, is indefinite; but it usually signifies a small number, sometimes many.]

I have composed sundry collects.

Sundry foes the rural realm surround.

SUN'FISH, noun [sun and fish.] A name of the diodon, a genus of fishes of a very singular form, appearing like the fore part of the body of a very deep fish amputated in the middle.

The sunfish is the Tetraodon mola of Linne.

1. The basking shark.

SUN'FLOWER, noun [sun and flower.] A plant of the genus Helianthus; so called from the form and color of its flower, or from its habit of turning to the sun. The bastard sunflower is of the genus Helenium; the dwarf sunflower is of the genus Rudbeckia, and another of the genus Tetragonotheca; the little sunflower is of the genus Cistus.

SUNG, preterit tense and participle passive of sing.

While to his harp divine Amphion sung

SUNK, preterit tense and participle passive of sink.

Or toss'd by hope, or sunk by care.

SUN'LESS, adjective [sun and less.] Destitute of the sun or its rays; shaded.

SUN'LIKE, adjective [sun and like.] Resembling the sun.

SUN'NY, adjective [from sun.] Like the sun; bright.

1. Proceeding from the sun; as sunny beams.

2. Exposed to the rays of the sun; warmed by the direct rays of the sun; as the sunny side of a hill or building.

Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores.

3. Colored by the sun.

Her sunny locks

Hang on her temples like a golden fleece.

SUN'PROOF, adjective [sun and proof.] Impervious to the rays of the sun.

SUN'RISE

SUN'RISING, noun [sun and rise.] The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; or more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather.

1. The east.

SUN'RISING, n. [sun and rise.] The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; or more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather.

SUN'SET

SUN'SETTING, noun [sun and set.] The descent of the sun below the horizon; or the time when the sun sets; evening.

SUN'SETTING, n. [sun and set.] The descent of the sun below the horizon; or the time when the sun sets; evening.

SUN'SHINE, noun [sun and shine.] The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, or the place where they fall.

But all sunshine as when his beams at noon

Culminate from th' equator.

1. A place warmed and illuminated; warmth; illumination.

The man that sits within a monarch's heart,

And ripens in the sunshine of his favor.

SUN'SHINE

SUN'SHINY, adjective Bright with the rays of the sun; clear, warm or pleasant; as a sunshiny day; sunshiny weather.

1. Bright like the sun.

--Flashing beams of that sunshiny shield.

SUP, verb transitive To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or drink by a little at a time; to sip.

There I'll sup

Balm and nectar in my cup.

SUP, verb intransitive To eat the evening meal.

When they had supped, they brought Tobias in.

SUP, verb transitive To treat with supper.

SUP them well. [Not in use.]

SUP, noun A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with the lips; a sip.

Tom Thumb got a little sup

SUPER, a Latin preposition, Gr. signifies above, over, excess. It is much used in composition.

SU'PERABLE, adjective [Latin superabilis, form supero, to overcome.]

That may be overcome or conquered. These are superable difficulties.

SU'PERABLENESS, noun The quality of being conquerable or surmountable.

SU'PERABLY, adverb So as may be overcome.

SUPERABOUND', verb intransitive [super and abound.] To be very abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient. The country super-abounds with corn.

SUPERABOUND'ING, participle present tense A bounding beyond want or necessity; abundant to excess or a great degree.

SUPERABUND'ANCE, noun More than enough; excessive abundance; as a superabundance of the productions of the earth.

SUPERABUND'ANT, adjective Abounding to excess; being more than is sufficient; as superabundant zeal.

SUPERABUND'ANTLY, adverb More than sufficiently.

SUPERACID'ULATED, adjective [super and acidulated.] Acidulated to excess.

SUPERADD', verb transitive [super and add.] To add over and above; to add to what has been added.

1. To add or annex something extrinsic.

The strength of a living creature, in those external motions, is something distinct from and superadded to its natural gravity.

SUPERADD'ED, participle passive Added over and above.

SUPERADD'ING, participle present tense Adding over and above; adding something extrinsic.

SUPERADDI'TION, noun [super and addition.]

1. The act of adding to something, or of adding something extraneous.

2. That which is added.

This superaddition is nothing but fat.

SUPERADVE'NIENT, adjective [Latin superadveniens.]

1. Coming upon; coming to the increase or assistance of something.

When a man has done bravely by the superadvenient assistance of his God--

2. Coming unexpectedly. [This word is little used.]

SUPERANGEL'IC, adjective [super and angelic.] Superior in nature or rank to the angels. One class of Unitarians believe Christ to be a superangelic being.

SUPERAN'NUATE, verb transitive [Latin super and annus, a year.] To impair or disqualify by old age and infirmity; as a superannuated magistrate.

SUPERAN'NUATE, verb intransitive To last beyond the year. [Not in use.]

SUPERAN'NUATED, participle passive Impaired or disqualified by old age.

SUPERANNUA'TION, noun The state of being too old for office of business, or of being disqualified by old age.

SUPERB', adjective [Latin superbus, proud, from super.]

1. Grand; magnificent; as a superb edifice; a superb colonnade.

2. Rich; elegant; as superb furniture or decorations.

3. Showy; pompous; as a superb exhibition.

4. Rich; splendid; as a superb entertainment.

5. August; stately.

SUPERB'LY, adverb In a magnificent or splendid manner; richly; elegantly.

SUPERC'ARGO, noun [super and cargo.] An officer or person in a merchant's ship, whose business is to manage the sales and superintend all the commercial concerns of the voyage.

SUPERCELES'TIAL, adjective [super and celestial.] Situated above the firmament or great vault of heaven.

SUPERCIL'IARY, adjective [Latin super and cilium, the eyebrow.] Situated or being above the eyebrow.

The superciliary arch, is the bony superior arch of the orbit.

SUPERCIL'IOUS, adjective [Latin superciliosus. See above.]

1. Lofty with pride; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing; as a supercilious officer.

2. Manifesting haughtiness, or proceeding from it; overbearing; as a supercilious air; supercilious behavior.

SUPERCIL'IOUSLY, adverb Haughtily; dogmatically; with an air of contempt.

SUPERCIL'IOUSNESS, noun Haughtiness; an overbearing temper or manner.

SUPERCONCEP'TION, noun [super and conception.] A conception after a former conception.

SUPERCON'SEQUENCE, noun [super and consequence.] Remote consequence. [Not used.]

SUPERCRES'CENCE, noun [Latin super and crescens.] That which grows upon another growing thing.

SUPERCRES'CENT, adjective [supra.] Growing on some other growing thing.

SUPEREM'INENCE

SUPEREM'INENCY, noun [Latin super and emineo.] Eminence superior to what is common; distinguished eminence; as the supereminence of Cicero as an orator; the supereminence of Dr. Johnson as a writer, or of lord Chatham as a statesman.

SUPEREM'INENCY, n. [L. super and emineo.] Eminence superior to what is common; distinguished eminence; as the supereminence of Cicero as an orator; the supereminence of Dr. Johnson as a writer, or of lord Chatham as a statesman.

SUPEREM'INENT, adjective Eminent in a superior degree; surpassing others in excellence; as a supereminent divine; the supereminent glory of Christ.

SUPEREM'INENTLY, adverb In a superior degree of excellence; with unusual distinction.

SUPERER'OGANT, adjective Supererogatory, which see.

SUPERER'OGATE, verb intransitive [Latin super and erogatio, erogo.] To do more than duty requires. Aristotle's followers have supererogated in observance. [Little used.]

SUPEREROGA'TION, noun [supra.] Performance of more than duty requires.

There is no such thing as works of supererogation

SUPEREROG'ATIVE, adjective Supererogatory. [Not much used.]

SUPEREROG'ATORY, adjective Performed to an extent not enjoined or not required by duty; as supererogatory services.

SUPERESSEN'TIAL, adjective [super and essential.] Essential above others, or above the constitution of a thing.

SUPEREXALT', verb transitive [super and exalt.] To exalt to a superior degree.

SUPEREXALTA'TION, noun [super and exaltation.] Elevation above the common degree.

SUPEREX'CELLENCE, noun [super and excellence.] Superior excellence.

SUPEREX'CELLENT, adjective Excellent in an uncommon degree; very excellent.

SUPEREXCRES'CENCE, noun [super and excrescence.] Something superfluously growing.

SUPERFECUND'ITY, noun [super and fecundity.] Superabundant fecundity

or multiplication of the species.

SUPERFE'TATE, verb intransitive [Latin super and foetus.] To conceive after a prior conception.

The female is said to superfetate

SUPERFETA'TION, noun A second conception after a prior one, and before the birth of the first, by which two fetuses are growing at once in the same matrix.

SU'PERFETE, verb intransitive To superfetate. [Little used.]

SU'PERFETE, verb transitive To conceive after a former conception. [Little used.]

SU'PERFICE, noun Superficies; surface. [Little used.] [See Superficies.]

SUPERFI'CIAL, adjective

1. Being on the surface; not penetrating the substance of a thing; as a superficial color; a superficial covering.

2. Composing the surface or exterior part; as, soil constitutes the superficial part of the earth.

3. Shallow; contrived to cover something.

This superficial tale

Is but a preface to her worthy praise.

4. Shallow; not deep or profound; reaching or comprehending only what is obvious or apparent; as a superficial scholar; superficial knowledge.

SUPERFICIAL'ITY, noun The quality of being superficial. [Not much used.]

SUPERFI'CIALLY, adverb On the surface only; as a substance superficially tinged with a color.

1. On the surface or exterior part only; without penetrating the substance or essence; as, to survey things superficially

2. Without going deep or searching things to the bottom; slightly. He reasons superficially

I have laid down superficially my present thoughts.

SUPERFI'CIALNESS, noun Shallowness; position on the surface.

1. Slight knowledge; shallowness of observation or learning; show without substance.

SUPERFI'CIES, noun [Latin from super, upon, and facies, face.] The surface; the exterior part of a thing. A superficies consists of length and breadth; as the superficies of a plate or of a sphere. superficies is rectilinear, curvilinear, plane, convex or concave.

SU'PERFINE, adjective [super and fine.] Very fine or most fine; surpassing others in fineness; as superfine cloth. The word is chiefly used of cloth, but sometimes of liquors; as superfine wine or cider; and of other things, as superfine wire; superfine flour.

SUPER'FLUENCE, noun [Latin super and fluo, to flow.] Superfluity; more than is necessary. [Little used.]

SUPERFLU'ITANCE, noun [Latin super and fluito, to float.] The act of floating above or on the surface. [Little used.]

SUPERFLU'ITANT, adjective Floating above or on the surface. [Little used.]

SUPERFLU'ITY, noun [Latin superfluitas; super and fluo, to flow.]

1. Superabundance; a greater quantity than is wanted; as a superfluity of water or provisions.

2. Something that is beyond what is wanted; something rendered unnecessary by its abundance. Among the superfluities of life we seldom number the abundance of money.

SUPER'FLUOUS, adjective [Latin superfluus, overflowing; super and fluo, to flow.]

1. More than is wanted; rendered unnecessary by superabundance; as a superfluous supply of corn.

2. More than sufficient; unnecessary; useless; as a composition abounding with superfluous words. superfluous epithets rather enfeeble than strengthen description. If what has been said will not convince, it would be superfluous to say more.

Superfluous interval, in music, is one that exceeds a true diatonic interval by a semitone minor.

Superfluous polygamy, (Polygamia superflua, ) a kind of inflorescence or compound flower, in which the florets of the disk are hermaphrodite and fertile, and those of the ray, though female or pistiliferous only, are also fertile; designating the second order of the class Syngenesia of Linne.

Superfluous sound or tone, is one which contains a semitone minor more than a tone.

SUPER'FLUOUSLY, adverb With excess; in a degree beyond what is necessary.

SUPER'FLUOUSNESS, noun The state of being superfluous or beyond what is wanted.

SU'PERFLUX, noun [Latin super and fluxus.] That which is more than is wanted. [Little used.]

SUPERFOLIA'TION, noun [super and foliation.] Excess of foliation. [Not used.]

SUPERHU'MAN, adjective [super and human.] Above or beyond what is human; divine.

SUPERIMPOSE, verb transitive superimpo'ze. [super and impose.] To lay or impose on something else; as a stratum of earth superimposed on a different stratum.

SUPERIMPO'SED, participle passive Laid or imposed on something.

SUPERIMPO'SING, participle present tense Laying on something else.

SUPERIMPOSI'TION, noun The act of laying or the state of being placed on something else.

SUPERIMPREGNA'TION, noun [super and impregnation.] The act of impregnating upon a prior impregnation; impregnation when previously impregnated.

SUPERINCUM'BENT, adjective [super and incumbent.] Lying or resting on something else.

SUPERINDU'CE, verb transitive [super and induce.] To bring in or upon as an addition to something; as, to superinduce a virtue or quality upon a person not before possessing it.

Long custom of sinning superinduces upon the soul new and absurd desires.

SUPERINDU'CED, participle passive Induced or brought upon something.

SUPERINDU'CING, participle present tense Inducing on something else.

SUPERINDUC'TION, noun The act of superinducing.

The superinduction of ill habits quickly defaces the first rude draught of virtue.

SUPERINJEC'TION, noun [super and injection.] An injection succeeding another.

SUPERINSPECT', verb transitive [super and inspect.] To oversee; to superintend by inspection. [Little used.]

SUPERINSTITU'TION, noun [super and institution.] One institution upon another; as when A is instituted and admitted to a benefice upon a title, and B is instituted and admitted upon the presentation of another.

SUPERINTELLEC'TUAL, adjective [super and intellectual.] Being above intellect.

SUPERINTEND', verb transitive [super and intend.] To have or exercise the charge and oversight of; to oversee with the power of direction; to take care of with authority; as, an officer superintends the building of a ship or the construction of a fort. God exercises a superintending care over all his creatures.

SUPERINTEND'ED, participle passive Overseen; taken care of.

SUPERINTEND'ENCE

SUPERINTEND'ENCY, noun The act of superintending; care and oversight for the purpose of direction and with authority to direct.

SUPERINTEND'ENCY, n. The act of superintending; care and oversight for the purpose of direction and with authority to direct.

SUPERINTEND'ENT, noun One who has the oversight and charge of something, with the power of direction; as the superintendent of an alms-house or work-house; the superintendent of public works; the superintendent of customs or finance.

1. An ecclesiastical superior in some reformed churches.

SUPERINTEND'ING, participle present tense Overseeing with the authority to direct what shall be done and how it shall be done.

SUPE'RIOR, adjective [Sp. Latin from super, above.]

1. Higher; upper; more elevated in place; as the superior limb of the sun; the superior part of an image.

2. Higher in rank or office; more exalted in dignity; as a superior officer; a superior degree of nobility.

3. Higher or greater in excellence; surpassing others in the greatness, goodness or value of any quality; as a man of superior merit, of superior bravery, of superior talents or understanding, of superior accomplishments.

4. Being beyond the power or influence of; too great or firm to be subdued or affected by; as a man superior to revenge.

There is not on earth a spectacle more worthy than a great man superior to his sufferings.

5. In botany, a superior flower has the receptacle of the flower above the germ; a superior germ is included within the corol.

SUPE'RIOR, noun One who is more advanced in age. Old persons or elders are the superiors of the young.

1. One who is more elevated in rank or office.

2. One who surpasses others in dignity, excellence or qualities of any kind. As a writer of pure English, Addison has no superior

3. The chief of a monastery, convent or abbey.

SUPERIOR'ITY, noun Pre-eminence; the quality of being more advanced or higher, greater or more excellent than another in any respect; as superiority of age, of rank or dignity, of attainments or excellence. The superiority of others in fortune and rank, is more readily acknowledged than superiority of understanding.

SUPERLA'TION, noun [Latin superlatio.] Exaltation of any thing beyond truth or propriety. [I believe not used.]

SUPER'LATIVE, adjective [Latin superlativus; super and latio, latus, fero.]

1. Highest in degree; most eminent; surpassing all other; as a man of superlative wisdom or prudence, of superlative worth; a woman of superlative beauty.

2. Supreme; as the superlative glory of the divine character.

3. In grammar, expressing the highest or utmost degree; as the superlative degree of comparison.

SUPER'LATIVE, noun In grammar, the superlative degree of adjectives, which is formed by the termination est, as meanest, highest, bravest; or by the use of most, as most high, most brave; or by least, as least amiable.

SUPER'LATIVELY, adverb In a manner expressing the utmost degree.

I shall not speak superlatively of them.

1. In the highest or utmost degree. Tiberius was superlatively wicked; Clodius was superlatively profligate.

SUPER'LATIVENESS, noun The state of being in the highest degree.

SUPERLU'NAR

SUPERLU'NARY, adjective [Latin super and luna, the moon.] Being above the moon; not sublunary or of this world.

The head that turns at superlunar things.

SUPERLU'NARY, a. [L. super and luna, the moon.] Being above the moon; not sublunary or of this world.

SUPERMUN'DANE, adjective [super and mundane.] Being above the world.

SUPERN'AL, adjective [Latin supernus, super.] Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as the supernal orbs; supernal regions.

1. Relating to things above; celestial; heavenly; as supernal grace.

Not by the sufferings of supernal pow'r.

SUPERNA'TANT, adjective [Latin supernatans, supernato; super and nato, to swim.] Swimming above; floating on the surface; as oil supernatant on water.

SUPERNATA'TION, noun The act of floating on the surface of a fluid.

SUPERNAT'URAL, adjective [super and natural.] Being beyond or exceeding the powers or laws of nature; miraculous. A supernatural event is one which is not produced according to the ordinary or established laws of natural things. Thus if iron has more specific gravity than water, it will sink in that fluid; and the floating of iron on water must be a supernatural event. Now no human being can alter a law of nature; the floating of iron on water therefore must be caused by divine power specially exerted to suspend, in this instance, a law of nature. Hence supernatural events or miracles can be produced only by the immediate agency of divine power.

SUPERNAT'URALLY, adverb In a manner exceeding the established course or laws of nature. The prophets must have been supernaturally taught or enlightened, for their predictions were beyond human fore-knowledge.

SUPERNAT'URALNESS, noun The state or quality of being beyond the power or ordinary laws of nature.

SUPERNU'MERARY, adjective [Latin super and numerus, number.]

1. Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; as a supernumerary officer in a regiment; a supernumerary canon in the church.

2. Exceeding a necessary, a usual or a round number; as supernumerary addresses; supernumerary expense.

SUPERNU'MERARY, noun A person or thing beyond the number stated, or beyond what is necessary or usual. On the reduction of the

regiments, several supernumeraries were to be provided for.

SUPERPARTIC'ULAR, adjective [super and particular.] Noting a ratio when the excess of the greater term is a unit; as the ratio of 1 to 2, or of 3 to 4.

SUPERP'ARTIENT, adjective [Latin super and partio.] Noting a ratio when the excess of the greater term is more than a unit; as that of 3 to 5, or of 7 to 10.

SU'PERPLANT, noun [super and plant.] A plant growing on another plant; as the mistletoe. [Not used.] [We now use parasite.]

SUPERPLUS'AGE, noun [Latin super and plus.] That which is more than enough; excess. [We now use surplusage, which see.]

SUPERPON'DERATE, verb transitive [Latin super and pondero.] To weigh over and above. [Not used.]

SUPERPOSE, verb transitive superpo'ze. [super and Fr. poser, to law.]

To law upon, as one kind of rock on another.

SUPERPO'SED, participle passive Laid or being upon something.

SUPERPO'SING, participle present tense Placing upon something.

SUPERPOSI'TION, noun [super and position.]

1. A placing above; a lying or being situated above or upon something; as the superposition of rocks.

2. That which is situated above or upon something else.

SU'PERPRAISE, verb transitive su'perpraze. To praise to excess.

SUPERPROPORTION, noun [super and proportion.] Overplus of proportion.

SUPERPURGA'TION, noun [super and purgation.] More purgation than is sufficient.

SUPERREFLEC'TION, noun [super and reflection.] The reflection of an image reflected.

SUPERREWARD', verb transitive To reward to excess.

SUPERROY'AL, adjective [super and royal.] Larger than royal; denoting the largest species of printing paper.

SUPERSA'LIENCY, noun [Latin super and salio, to leap.]

The act of leaping on any thing. [Little used.]

SUPERSA'LIENT, adjective Leaping upon.

SU'PERSALT, noun In chimistry, a salt with an excess of acid, as supertartrate of potash.

SUPERSAT'URATE, verb transitive [Latin super and saturo.] To saturate to excess.

SUPERSAT'URATED, participle passive Saturated to excess.

SUPERSAT'URATING, participle present tense Saturating or filling to excess.

SUPERSATURA'TION, noun The operation of saturating to excess; or the state of being thus saturated.

SUPERSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin super and scribo, to write.] To write or engrave on the top, outside or surface; or to write the name or address of one on the outside or cover; as, to superscribe a letter.

SUPERSCRI'BED, participle passive Inscribed on the outside.

SUPERSCRI'BING, participle present tense Inscribing, writing or engraving on the outside, or on the top.

SUPERSCRIP'TION, noun The act of superscribing.

1. That which is written or engraved on the outside, or above something else.

The superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS. Mark 15:26. Luke 23:38.

2. An impression of letters on coins. Matthew 22:20.

SUPERSEC'ULAR, adjective [super and secular.] Being above the world or secular things.

SUPERSE'DE, verb transitive [Latin supersedeo; super and sedeo, to sit.]

1. Literally, to set above; hence, to make void, inefficacious or useless by superior power, or by coming in the place of; to set aside; to render unnecessary; to suspend. The use of artillery in making breaches in walls, has superseded the use of the battering ram. The effect of passion is to supersede the workings of reason.

Nothing is supposed that can supersede the known laws of natural motion.

2. To come or be placed in the room of; hence, to displace or render unnecessary; as, an officer is superseded by the appointment of another person.

SUPERSE'DEAS, noun In law, a writ of supersedeas is a writ or command to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases, or to stay proceedings. This writ does not destroy the power of an officer, for it may be revived by another writ called a procedendo.

SUPERSE'DED, participle passive Made void; rendered unnecessary or inefficacious; displaced; suspended.

SUPERSE'DING, participle present tense Coming in the place of; setting aside; rendering useless; displacing; suspending.

SUPERSE'DURE, noun The act of superseding; as the supersedure of trial by jury. [New.]

SUPERSERV'ICEABLE, adjective [super and serviceable.] Over officious; doing more than is required or desired. [Not in use.]

SUPERSTI'TION, noun [Latin superstitio, supersto; super and sto, to stand.]

1. Excessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice; extreme and unnecessary scruples in the observance of religious rites not commanded, or of points of minor importance; excess or extravagance in religion; the doing of things not required by God, or abstaining from things not forbidden; or the belief of what is absurd, or belief without evidence.

Superstition has reference to god, to religion, or to beings superior to man.

2. False religion; false worship.

3. Rite or practice proceeding from excess of scruples in religion. In this sense, it admits of a plural.

They the truth

With superstitions and traditions taint.

4. Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness.

5. Belief in the direct agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or singular events, or in omens and prognostics.

SUPERSTI'TIONIST, noun One addicted to superstition.

SUPERSTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin superstitiosus.]

1. Over scrupulous and rigid in religious observances; addicted to superstition; full of idle fancies and scruples in regard to religion; as superstitious people.

2. Proceeding from superstition; manifesting superstition; as superstitious rites; superstitious observances.

3. Over exact; scrupulous beyond need.

Superstitious use, in law, the use of land for a religious purpose, or by a religious corporation.

SUPERSTI'TIOUSLY, adverb In a superstitious manner; with excessive regard to uncommanded rites or unessential opinions and forms in religion.

1. With too much care; with excessive exactness or scruple.

2. With extreme credulity in regard to the agency of superior beings in extraordinary events.

SUPERSTI'TIOUSNESS, noun Superstition.

SUPERSTRA'IN, verb transitive [super and strain.] To overstrain or stretch. [Little used.]

SUPERSTRA'TUM, noun [super and stratum.] A stratum or layer above another, or resting on something else.

SUPERSTRUCT', verb transitive [Latin superstruo; super and struo, to lay.]

To build upon; to erect.

This is the only proper basis on which to superstruct first innocence and then virtue. [Little used.]

SUPERSTRUC'TION, noun An edifice erected on something.

My own profession hath taught me not to erect new super structions on an old ruin.

SUPERSTRUCT'IVE, adjective Built or erected on something else.

SUPERSTUCT'URE, noun Any structure or edifice built on something else; particularly, the building raised on a foundation. This word is used to distinguish what is erected on a wall or foundation from the foundation itself.

1. Any thing erected on a foundation or basis. In education, we begin with teaching languages as the foundation, and proceed to erect on that foundation the superstructure of science.

SUPERSUBSTAN'TIAL, adjective [super and substantial.] More than substantial; being more than substance.

SUPERSUL'PHATE, noun Sulphate with an excess of acid.

SUPERSUL'PHURETED, adjective Combined with an excess of sulphur.

SUPERTERRE'NE, adjective [super and terrene.] Being above ground, or above the earth.

SUPERTERRES'TRIAL, adjective Being above the earth, or above what belongs to the earth.

SUPERTON'IC, noun In music, the note next above the key-note.

SUPERTRAG'ICAL, adjective Tragical to excess.

SUPERVACA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin supervacaneus; super and vaco, to make void.] Superfluous; unnecessary; needless; serving no purpose.

SUPERVACA'NEOUSLY, adverb Needlessly.

SUPERVACA'NEOUSNESS, noun Needlessness.

SUPERVE'NE, verb intransitive [Latin supervenio; super and venio.]

1. To come upon as something extraneous.

Such a mutual gravitation can never supervene to matter, unless impressed by divine power.

2. To come upon; to happen to.

SUPERVE'NIENT, adjective Coming upon as something additional or extraneous.

That branch of belief was in him supervenient to christian practice.

Divorces can be granted, a mensa et toro, only for supervenient causes.

SUPERVEN'TION, noun The act of supervening.

SUPERVI'SAL, supervi'zal

SUPERVI'SE, noun supervi'ze. Inspection. [Not used.]

SUPERVI'SE, verb transitive [Latin super and visus, video, to see.] To oversee; to superintend; to inspect; as, to supervise the press for correction.

SUPERVI'SED, participle passive Inspected.

SUPERVISING, participle present tense Overseeing; inspecting; superintending.

SUPERVI'SION, supervizh'on, noun [from supervise.] The act of overseeing; inspection; superintendence.

SUPERVI'SOR, noun An overseer; an inspector; a superintendent; as the supervisor of a pamphlet.

SUPERVI'VE, verb transitive [Latin super and vivo, to live.] To live beyond; to outlive. The soul will supervive all the revolutions of nature. [Little used.] [See Survive.]

SUPINA'TION, noun [Latin supino.] The act of lying or state of being laid with the face upward.

1. The act of turning the palm of the hand upwards.

SUPINA'TOR, noun In anatomy, a muscle that turns the palm of the hand upward.

SUPI'NE, adjective [Latin supinus.] Lying on the back, or with the face upward; opposed to prone.

1. Leaning backward; or inclining with exposure to the sun.

If the vine

On rising ground be plac'd on hills supine--

2. Negligent; heedless; indolent; thoughtless; inattentive.

He became pusillanimous and supine and openly exposed to any temptation.

These men suffer by their supine credulity.

SU'PINE, noun [Latin supinum.] In grammar, a word formed from a verb, or a modification of a verb.

SUPI'NELY, adverb With the face upward.

1. Carelessly; indolently; drowsily; in a heedless, thoughtless state.

Who on beds of sin supinely lie.

SUPI'NENESS, noun A lying with the face upward.

1. Indolence; drowsiness; heedlessness. Many of the evils of life are owing to our own supineness

SUPINITY, for supineness, is not used.

SUP'PAGE, noun [from sup.] What may be supped; pottage. [Not in use.]

SUPPALPA'TION, noun [Latin suppalpor; sub and palpor, to stroke.] The act of enticing by soft words. [Not used.]

SUPPARASITA'TION, noun [Latin supparasitor; sub and parasite.] The act of flattering merely to gain favor. [Not in use.]

SUPPEDA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin sub and pes, the foot.] Being under the feet.

SUPPED'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin suppedito.] To supply. [Not used.]

SUPPEDITA'TION, noun [Latin suppeditatio.] Supply; aid afforded. [Little used.]

SUP'PER, noun The evening meal. People who dine late, eat no supper The dinner of fashionable people would be the supper of rustics.

SUP'PERLESS, adjective Wanting supper; being without supper; as, to go supperless to bed.

SUPPLANT', verb transitive [Latin supplanto; sub and planta, the bottom of the foot.] To trip up the heels.

SUPPLANTed down he fell.

1. To remove or displace by stratagem; or to displace and take the place of; as, a rival supplants another in the affections of his mistress, or in the favor of his prince.

Suspecting that the courtier had supplanted the friend.

2. To overthrow; to undermine.

SUPPLANTA'TION, noun The act of supplanting.

SUPPLANT'ED, participle passive Tripped up; displaced.

SUPPLANT'ER, noun One that supplants.

SUPPLANT'ING, participle present tense Tripping up the heels; displacing by artifice.

SUP'PLE, adjective

1. Pliant; flexible; easily bent; as supple joints; supple fingers.

2. Yielding; compliant; not obstinate.

If punishment--makes not the will supple it hardens the offender.

3. Bending to the humor of others; flattering; fawning.

4. That makes plaint; as supple government.

SUP'PLE, verb transitive To make soft and pliant; to render flexible; as, to supple leather.

1. To make compliant.

A mother persisting till she had suppled the will of her daughter.

SUP'PLE, verb intransitive To become soft and pliant; as stones suppled into softness.

SUP'PLED, participle passive Made soft and plaint; made compliant.

SUP'PLEMENT, noun [Latin supplementum, suppleo; sub and pleo, to fill.]

1. Literally, a supply; hence, an addition to any thing by which its defects are supplied, and it is made more full and complete. The word is particularly used of an addition to a book or paper.

2. Store; supply. [Not in use.]

3. In trigonometry, the quantity by which an arc or an angle falls short of 180 degrees or a semicircle.

SUPPLEMENT'AL

SUPPLEMENT'ARY, adjective Additional; added to supply what is wanted; as a supplemental law or bill.

SUPPLEMENT'ARY, a. Additional; added to supply what is wanted; as a supplemental law or bill.

SUP'PLENESS, noun [from supple.] Pliancy; pliableness; flexibility; the quality of being easily bent; as the suppleness of the joints.

1. Readiness of compliance; the quality of easily yielding; facility; as the suppleness of the will.

SUP'PLETORY, adjective [from Latin suppleo, to supply.] Supplying deficiencies; as a suppletory oath.

SUP'PLETORY, noun That which is to supply what is wanted.

SUPPLI'AL, noun The act of supplying. [Not used.]

SUPPLI'ANCE, noun Continuance. [Not in use.]

SUP'PLIANT, adjective [Latin supplico, to supplicate; sub and plico, to fold. See Comply and Apply.]

1. Entreating; beseeching; supplicating; asking earnestly and submissively.

The rich grow suppliant and the poor grow proud.

2. Manifesting entreaty; expressive of humble supplication.

To bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee.

SUP'PLIANT, noun A humble petitioner; one who entreats submissively.

Spare this life, and hear thy suppliant's pray'r.

SUP'PLIANTLY, adverb In a suppliant or submissive manner.

SUP'PLICANT, adjective [Latin supplicans.] Entreating; asking submissively.

SUP'PLICANT, noun One that entreats; a petitioner who asks earnestly and submissively.

The wise supplicant--left the event to God.

SUP'PLICATE, verb transitive [Latin supplico; sub and plico. See Suppliant.]

1. To entreat for; to seek by earnest prayer; as, to supplicate blessings on christian efforts to spread the gospel.

2. To address in prayer; as, to supplicate the throne of grace.

SUP'PLICATE, verb intransitive To entreat; to beseech; to implore; to petition with earnestness and submission.

A man cannot brook to supplicate or beg.

SUPPLICA'TION, noun [Latin supplicatio.]

1. Entreaty; humble and earnest prayer in worship. In all our supplications to the Father of mercies, let us remember a world lying in ignorance and wickedness.

2. Petition; earnest request.

3. In Roman antiquity, a religious solemnity observed in consequence of some military success. It consisted in sacrifices, feasting, offering thanks, and praying for a continuance of success.

SUP'PLICATORY, adjective Containing supplication; humble; submissive.

SUPPLI'ED, participle passive [from supply.] Fully furnished; having a sufficiency.

SUPPLI'ER, noun He that supplies.

SUPPLY', verb transitive [Latin suppleo; sub and pleo, disused, to fill.]

1. To fill up, as any deficiency happens; to furnish what is wanted; to afford or furnish a sufficiency; as, to supply the poor with bread and clothing; to supply the daily wants of nature; to supply the navy with masts and spars; to supply the treasury with money. The city is well supplied with water.

I wanted nothing fortune could supply

2. To serve instead of.

Burning ships the banish'd sun supply

3. To give; to bring or furnish.

Nearer care supplies

Signs to my breast, and sorrow to my eyes.

4. To fill vacant room.

The sun was set, and Vesper to supply

His absent beams, had lighted up the sky.

5. To fill; as, to supply a vacancy.

6. In general, to furnish; to give or afford what is wanted.

Modern infidelity supplies no such motives.

SUPPLY', noun Sufficiency for wants given or furnished. The poor have a daily supply of food; the army has ample supplies of provisions and munitions of war. Customs, taxes and excise constitute the supplies of revenue.

SUPPLY'ING, participle present tense Yielding or furnishing what is wanted; affording a sufficiency.

SUPPLY'MENT, noun A furnishing. [Not in use.]

SUPPORT, verb transitive [Latin supporto; sub and porto, to carry.]

1. To bear; to sustain; to uphold; as, a prop or pillar supports a structure; an abutment supports an arch; the stem of a tree supports the branches. Every edifice must have a foundation to support it; a rope or cord supports a weight.

2. To endure without being overcome; as, to support pain, distress or misfortunes.

This fierce demeanor and his insolence,

The patience of a God could not support

3. To bear; to endure; as, to support fatigues or hardships; to support violent exertions. The eye will not support the light of the sun's disk.

4. To sustain; to keep from fainting or sinking; as, to support the courage or spirits.

5. To sustain; to act or represent well; as, to support the character or king Lear; to support the part assigned.

6. To bear; to supply funds for or the means of continuing; as, to support the annual expenses of government.

7. To sustain; to carry on; as, to support a war or a contest; to support an argument or debate.

8. To maintain with provisions and the necessary means of living; as, to support a family; to support a son in college; to support the ministers of the gospel.

9. To maintain; to sustain; to keep from failing; as, to support life; to support the strength by nourishment.

10. To sustain without change or dissolution; as, clay supports an intense heat.

11. To bear; to keep from sinking; as, water supports ships and other bodies; air supports a balloon.

12. To bear without being exhausted; to be able to pay; as, to support taxes or contributions.

13. To sustain; to maintain; as, to support a good character.

14. To maintain; to verify; to make good; to substantiate. The testimony is not sufficient to support the charges; the evidence will not support the statements or allegations; the impeachment is well supported by evidence.

15. To uphold by aid or countenance; as, to support a friend or a party.

16. To vindicate; to maintain; to defend successfully; as, to be able to support one's own cause.

SUPPORT, noun The act or operation of upholding or sustaining.

1. That which upholds, sustains or keeps from falling, as a prop, a pillar, a foundation of any kind.

2. That which maintains life; as, food is the support of life, of the body, of strength. Oxygen or vital air has been supposed to be the support of respiration and of heat in the blood.

3. Maintenance; subsistence; as an income sufficient for the support of a family; or revenue for the support of the army and navy.

4. Maintenance; an upholding; continuance in any state, or preservation from falling, sinking or failing; as taxes necessary for the support of public credit; a revenue for the support of government.

5. In general, the maintenance or sustaining of any thing without suffering it to fail, decline or languish; as the support of health, spirits, strength or courage; the support of reputation, credit, etc.

6. That which upholds or relieves; aid; help; succor; assistance.

SUPPORTABLE, adjective That may be upheld or sustained.

1. That may be borne or endured; as, the pain is supportable or not supportable Patience renders evils supportable

2. Tolerable; that may be borne without resistance or punishment; as, such insults are not supportable

3. That can be maintained; as, the cause or opinion is supportable

SUPPORTABLENESS, noun The state of being tolerable.

SUPPORTANCE, noun Maintenance; support. [Not in use.]

SUPPORTA'TION, noun Maintenance; support. [Not in use.]

SUPPORTED, participle passive Borne; endured; upheld; maintained; subsisted; sustained; carried on.

SUPPORTER, noun One that supports or maintains.

1. That which supports or upholds; a prop, a pillar, etc.

The sockets and supporters of flowers are figured.

2. A sustainer; a comforter.

The saints have a companion and supporter in all their miseries.

3. A maintainer; a defender.

Worthy supporters of such a reigning impiety.

4. One who maintains or helps to carry on; as the supporters of a war.

5. An advocate; a defender; a vindicator; as the supporters of religion, morality, justice, etc.

6. An adherent; one who takes part; as the supporter of a party or faction.

7. In ship-building, a knee placed under the cat-head.

8. Supporters, in heraldry, are figures of beasts that appear to support the arms.

SUPPORTFUL, adjective Abounding with support. [Not used.]

SUPPORTING, participle present tense Bearing; enduring; upholding; sustaining; maintaining; subsisting; vindicating.

SUPPORTLESS, adjective Having no support.