SHAB'BILY, adverb [from shabby.]

1. Raggedly; with rent or ragged clothes; as, to be clothed shabbily.

2. Maenly; in a despicable manner.

SHAB'BINESS, noun

1. Raggedness; as the shabbiness of a garment.

2. Meanness; paltriness.

SHAB'BY, adjective

1. Ragged; torn or worn to rags; as a shabby coat; shabby clothes.

2. Clothed with ragged garments.

The dean was so shabby- Swift.

3. Mean; paltry; despicable; as a shabby fellow; shabby treatment. [For the idea expressed by shabby, there is not a better word in the language.]

SHACK, noun In ancient customs of England, a liberty of witer pasturage. In Norfolk and Suffolk, the lord of the manot has a shack, that is, liberty of feeding his sheep at pleasure on his tenants' lands during the dix winter months. In Norfolk, shack extends to the common for hogs, in all men's grounds, from harvest to seed time; whence to go a-shack, is to feed at large.

In New England, shack is used in a somewhat similar sense for mast or the food of swine, and for feeding at large or in the forest, [for we have no manors, ] and I have heard a shiftless fellow, a vagabond, called a shack.

SHACK, verb intransitive

1. To shed, as corn at harvest. [Local.]

2. To feed in stubble, or upon the waste corn of the field. [Local.]

SHACK'LE, noun Stubble. [In Scotish, shag is the refuse of barley, or that which is not well filled, and is given to horses. The word shack then is probably from a root which signifies to break, to reject, or to waste, or it may be allied to shag and shake.]

SHACK'LE, verb transitive

1. To chain; to fetter; to tie or confine the limbs so as to prevent free motion.

So the stretch'd cord the shackled dancer tries,

As prone to fall as impotent to rise. Smith.

2. To bind or confine so as to obstruct or embarrass action.

You must not shackle him with the rules about indifferent matter. Locke.

SHACK'LE, noun [generally used in the plural.]

SHACK'LED, participle passive Tied; confined; embarrassed.

SHACK'LES,

1. Fetters, gyves, handcuffs, cords or something else that confines the limbs so as to restrain the use of them, or prevent free motion.

2. That which obstructs or embarrasses free action.

His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles. South.

SHACK'LING, participle present tense Fettering; binding; confining.

SHAD, noun It has no plural termination. Shad is singular or plural. A fish, a species of Clupea. Shad enter the rivers in England and America in the spring in immense numbers.

SHAD'DOCK, noun A variety of the orange (Citrus aurantium; ) pampelmoe. A large species of orange (Citrus decumana.)

SHADE, noun [Latin scutum, a shield.]

1. Literally, the interception, cutting of or interruption of the rays of light; hence, the obscurity which is caused by such interception. Shad differs from shadow, as it implies no particular form or definite limit. whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. Hence when we say, let us resort to the shade of a tree, we have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have reference to its extent.

2. Darkness; obscurity; as the shades of night.

3. An obscure place, properly in a grove or close wood, which precludes the sun's rays; an hence, a secluded retreat.

Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there

Weep our sad bosoms empty. Shak.

4. A screen; something that intercepts light or heat.

5. Protection; shelter. [See Shadow.]

6. In painting, the dark part of the picture.

7. Degree or gradation of light.

White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green, come only in by the eyes. Locke.

8. A shadow. [See Shadow.]

Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. Pope. [This is allowable in poetry.]

9. The soul, after its separation from the body; so called because the ancients supposed it to be perceptible to the sight, not to the touch; a spirit; aghost; as the shades of departed heroes.

Swift as thought, the flitting shade- Dryden.

SHADE, verb transitive

1. To shelter or screen from light by intercepting its rays; and when applied to the rays of the sun, it segnifies to shelter from light and heat; as, a large tree shades the plants under its branches; shaded vegetables rarely come to perfection.

I went to the sylvan scenes,

And shade our altars with their leafy greens. Dryden.

2. To overspread with darkness or obscurity; to obscure.

Thou shad'st

The full blaze of thy beams. Milton.

3. To shelter; to hide.

Ere in your own house I do shade my head. Shak.

4. To cover from injury; to protect; to screen.

5. To paint in obscure colors; to darken.

6. Tjo mark with gradations of color; as the shading pencil.

7. To darken; to obscure.

SHA'DED, participle passive Defended from the rays of the sun; darkened.

SHA'DER, noun He or that which shades.

SHA'DINESS, noun [from shady.] The state of being shady; umbrageousness; as the shadiness of the forest.

SHA'DING, participle present tense Sheltering from the sun's rays.

SHAD'OW, noun

1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a plane and represtnting the form of the body which intercepts the rays of light; as the shadow of a man, of a tree or a tower. The shadow of the earth in in an eclipse of the moon is proof of its sphericity.

2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.

Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise. Denham.

3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the light, heat or influence of the air.

In secret shadow from the sunny ray,

On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid. Spenser.

4. Obscure place; secluded retreat.

To secret shadows I retire. [Obs.] Dryden.

5. Dark part of a picture. Obs. [In the last two senses, shade is now used.]

6. A spirit; a ghost. Obs. [In this sense, shade is now used.]

7. In painting, the representation of a real shadow

8. An imperfect and faint representation; opposed to substance.

The law of having a shadow of good things to come. Hebrews 10:1.

9. Inseparable companion.

Sin and her shadow, death. Milton.

10. Type; mystical representaion.

Types and shadows of that destin'd seed. Milton.

11. Protection; shelter; favor.

12. Slight or faint appearance.

Shadow of death, terrible darkness, trouble or death.

SHAD'OW, verb transitive

1. To overspread with obscurity.

The warlike elf much wonder'd at this tree

So fair and great, that shadow'd all the ground. Spenser. [Shade is more generally used.]

2. To cloud; to darken.

The shadow'd livery of the burning sun. Shak.

3. To make cool; to refresh by shade; or to shade.

Flowery fields and shadowed waters. Sidney.

4. To conceal; to hide; to screen.

Let every soldier hew him down a bough,

And bear't before him; thereby shall we shadow

The number of our host. [Unusual.] Shak.

5. To protect; to screen from danger; to shroud.

Shadowing their right under your wings of war. Shak.

6. To mark with slight gradations of color or light. [In this sense, shade is chiefly used.]

7. to paint in obscure colors; as void spaces deeply shadowed.

8. To represent faintly or imperfectly.

Augustus is shadowed in the person of adjectiveEneas. Dryden.

9. To represent typically. The healing power of the serpent shadoweth the efficacy of Christ's righteousness. [The two last senses are in use. In place of the others, shade is now more generally used.]

SHAD'OWED, participle passive Represented imperfectly or typically.

SHAD'OWING, participle present tense Representing by faint or imperfect resemblance.

SHAD'OWING, noun Shade or gradation of light and color. [This should be shading.]

SHAD'OWY, adjective

1. Full of shade; dark; gloomy.

This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods. Shak.

2. Not brightly luminous; faintly light.

More pleasant light

Shadowy sets off the face of things. Milton.

3. Faintly representative; typical; as shadowy expiations.

4. Unsubstantial; unreal.

Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a shadowy and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death. Addison.

5. Dark; obscure; opake.

By command ere yet dim night

Her shadowy cloud withdraws. Milton.

SHA'DY, adjective [from shade.]

1. Abounding with shade or shades; overspread with shade.

And Amaryllis fills the shady groves. Dryden.

2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.

Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for the summer and warm for the winter. Bacon.

SHA'EFUL, noun adjective [shame and full.]

1. That brings shame or disgrace; scandalous; disgraceful; injurious to reputation. It expresses less than infamous and ignominious.

His naval preparations were not more suprising than his quick and shameful retreat. Arbuthnot.

2. Indecent; taising shame in others.

Phoebus flying so most shameful sight. Spenser.

SHAF'FLE, verb intransitive [See Shuffle.] To hobble or limp. [Not in use.]

SHAF'FLER, noun A hobbler; one that limps. [Not in use.]

SH'AFT, noun L. scapus; from the root of shape, from setting, or shooting, extending.]

1. An arrow; a missile weapin; as the archer and the shaft

So loftly was the pile, a Parthian bow

Whith vigor drawn must send the shaft below. Dryden.

2. In mining, a pit or long narrow opening or entrance into a mine. [This may possibly be a different word, as in German it is written schacht, Dan. skaegte.]

3. In architecture, the shaft of a column is the body of it, between the base and the capital.

4. Any thing straight; as the shaft of a steeple, and many other things.

5. The stem or stock of a fether or quill.

6. The pole of a carriage, sometimes called tongue or neap. The thills of a chaise or geg are also called shafts.

7. The handle of a weapon.

Shaft, or white-shaft, a species of Trochilus or humming bird, having a bill twenty lines in levgth, and two long fethers in the middle of its tail.

SH'AFTED, adjective Having a handle; a term in heraldry, applied to a spearhead.

SH'AFTMENT, noun A span, a measure of about six inches. [Not in use.]

SHAG, noun

1. Coarse hair or nap, or rough wooly hair.

True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn. Gay.

2. A kind of cloth having a long coarse nap.

3. In orinthology, an aquatic fowl, the Pelecanus graculus; in the north of England called the crave.

SHAG, adjective Hairy; shaggy.

SHAG, verb transitive

1. To make rough or hairy.

Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal skies. J. Barlow.

2. To make rough or shaggy; to deform.

SHAG'GED, adjective

SHAG'GEDNESS, noun

SHAG'GINESS, The state of being shaggt; roughness with long losse hair or wool.

SHAG'GY,

1. Rough with long hair or wool.

About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin. Dryden.

2. Rough; rugged; as the shaggy tops of hills.

And throw the shaggy spoils about your shoulders. Addison.

SHAGREE'N, noun A kind of grained leather prepared of the skin of a fish, a species of Squalus. To prepare it, the skin is stretched and covered with mustard seed, which is bruised upon it. The skin is then exposed to the weather for some days, and afterwards tanned.

SHAGRE'EN, adjective Made of the lether called shagreen

SHAGREEN, for chagrin. [See Chagrin.]

SHAH, noun A Persian signifying king.

SHAIK, noun

SHAIL, verb transitive To walk sidewise. [Low and not in use.]

[This word is probably the G. schielen, Dan. skieler, to squint.]

SHAKE, verb transitive preterit tense shook; participle passive shaken.

1. To cause to move with quick vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to agitate; as, the wind shakes a tree; an earthquake shakes the hills or the earth.

I shook my lap, and said, so God shake out every man from his house-

Nehemiah 5:13

He shook the sacred honors of his head. Dryden.

-As a fig casteth her untimely fruit, when it is shaken of a mighty wind.

Revelation 6:1.

2. To make to totter or tremble.

The rapid wheels shake the heav'n's basis. Milton.

3. To cause to shiver; as, an ague shakes the whole frame.

4. To throw down by a violent motion.

Macbeth is ripe for shaking. Shak.

[But see shake off, which is generally used.]

5. To throw away; to drive off.

'Tis our first intent

To shake all cares and business from our age. [See Shake off.] Shak.

6. To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to endanger; to threaten to overthrow. Nothing should shake our belief in the being and perfections of God, and in our own accountableness.

7. To cause to waver or doubt; to impair the resolution of; to depress the courage of.

That ye be not soon shaken in mind. 2 Thessalonians 2:1.

8. To trill; as, to shake a note in music.

To shake hands, sometimes, to unite with; to aggree or contract with; more generally, to take leave of, from the practice of shaking hands at meeting and parting.

To shake off, to drive off; to throw off or down by violence; as, to shake off the dust of the feet; also, to rid one's self; to free from; to divest of; as, to shake off disease or grief; to shake off troublesome dependents.

SHAKE, verb intransitive

1. To be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; as, the tree shakes with the wind; the house shakes in a tempest.

The foundations of the earth do shake. Isaiah 24:18.

2. To tremble; to shiver; to quake; as, a man shakes in an ague; or he shakes with cold, or with terror.

3. To totter.

Under his burning wheels

The steadfast empyrean shook throught,

All but the throne itself of God. Milton.

SHAKE, noun

1. Concussion; a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and the other; agitation.

The great soldier's honor was composed of thicker stuff which could endure a shake. Herbert.

2. A trembling or shivering; agitation.

3. A motion of hands clasped.

Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the hand. Addison.

4. In music, a trill; a rapid reiteration of two notes comprehending an interval not greater than one whole tone, nor less than a semitone.

SHAKEN, participle passive sha'kn.

1. Impelled with a vacillating motion; agitated.

2. adjective Cracked or split; as shaken timber.

Nor is the wood shaken nor twisted, as those about Capetown. Barrow.

[Our mechanics usually pronounce this shaky, forming the word from shake, like pithy, from pith.]

SHA'KER, noun

1. A person or thing that shakes or agitates; as the shaker of the earth.

2. In the United States, shakers is the name given to the very singular sect of Christians, so called from the agitations or movements whisc characterize their worship.

SHA'KING, participle present tense Impelling to a wavering motion; causing to vacillate or waver; agitating.

2. Trembling; shivering; quaking.

SHA'KING, noun

1. The act of shaking or agitating; brandishing.

2. Concussion.

3. A trembling or shivering.

SHA'KY, adjective Cracked, as timber.

SHAL, verb auxiliary. pret, should. [Latin scelus.]

SHALE, verb transitive To peel. [Not in use. See Shell.]

SHALE, noun

1. A shell or husk.

2. In natural history, a species of shist or shistous clay; slate clay; generall of a bluish or yellowish gray color, more rarely of a dark blackish or reddish gray, or grayish black, or greenish color. Its fracture is slaty, and in water it molders into powder. It is often found in strata in coal mines, and commonly bears vegetable impressions. It is generally the forerunner of coal.

Bituminous shale is is a subvariety of argillaceous slate, is impregnated with bitumen, and burns with flame.

SHALL,

1. Shall is primarily in the present, and in our mother tongue was followed by a verb in the infinitive, like other verbs. 'Ic sceal fram the beon gefullod.' I have need to be baptized of thee. 'Ic nu sceal singan sar-cwidas.' I must now sing mornful songs.

We still use shall and should before another verb in the infinitive, without the sign to; but significance of shall is considerably deflected from its primitive sense. It is now treated as a mere auxiliary to other verbs, serving to form some of the tenses. In the present tense, shall, before a verb in the infinitive, forms the future tense; but its force and effect are different with different persons or personal pronouns. Thus in the first person, shall simply foretells or declares what will take place; as, I or we shall ride to town on Monday. This declaration simply informs another of a fact that is to take place. The sense of shall here is changed from an expression of need or duty, to that of previous statement or information, grounded on intention or resolution. When uttered with emphasis, 'I shall go, ' it expresses firm determination, but not a promise.

2. In the second and third persons, shall implies a promise, command or determination. 'You shall receive your wages, ' 'he shall receive his wages, ' imply that you or he ought to receive them; but usage gives these phrases the force of a promise in the person uttering them.

When shall is uttered with emphasis in such phrases, it expresses determination in the speaker, and implies an authority to enforce the act. 'Do you refuse to go? Does he refuse to go? But you or he shall go.'

3. Shall I go, shall he go, interrogatively, asks, for permission or direction. But shall you go, asks for information of another's intention.

4. But after another verb, shall, in the third person, simply foretells. He says that he shall leave town to-morrow. So also in the second person; you say that you shall ride to-morrow.

5. After if, and some verbs which expresscondition or supposition, shall, in all the persons, simply foretells; as,

If I shall say, or we shall say,

Thou shalt say, ye or you shall say,

He shall say, they shall say.

6. Should, in the first person, implies a conditional event. 'I should have written a letter yesterday, had I not been interrupted.' Or it expresses obligation, and that in all the persons.

I should, have paid the bill on demand; it was my duty, your duty, his duty to

Thou shouldest, pay the bill on demand, but it was not paid.

He should,

You should,

7. Should, though properly the past tense of shall, is often used to express a contingent future event; as, if it should rain to-morrow; if you should go to London next week; if he should arrive within a month. In like manner after though, grant, admit, allow.

SHALLOON', noun A slight woolen stuff.

SHAL'LOP, noun [This word is changed into sloop; but the two words have now different significations.]

1. A sort of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like a schooner.

2. A small light vessel with a main-mast and fore-mast, with lug-sails.

SHAL'LOW, adjective

1. Not deep; having little depth; shoal; as shallow water; a shallow stream; a shallow brook.

2. Not deep; not entering far into the earth; as a shallow furrow; a shallow trench.

3. Not intellectually deep; not profound; not penetrating deeply into abstruse subjects; superficial; as a shallow mind or understanding; shallow skill.

Deep vers'd in books, and shallow in himself. Milton.

SHAL'LOW, noun A shoal; a shelf; a flat; a sand-bank; any place where the water is not deep.

A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon shallows of gravel.

Bacon.

Dash'd on the shallows of the moving sand. Dryden.

SHAL'LOW, verb transitive To make shallow [Little used.]

SHAL'LOWLY, adverb

1. With little depth.

2. Superficially; simply; without depth of thought or judgement; not wisely.

SHAL'LOWNESS, noun

1. Want of depth; small depth; as the shallowness of water, of a river, of a stream.

2. Superficialness of intellect; want of power to enter deeply into subjects; emptiness; stillness.

SHALM, noun A kind of musical pipe. [Not used.]

SHALO'TE, noun The French echalote anglicized. [See Eschalot.]

SHAL'STONE, noun A mineral found only in the Bannet of Temeswar, of a grayish, yellowish or reddish white; tafelspath.

SHALT, the second person singular of shall; as, thou shalt not steal.

SHAM, noun That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud or device that deludes and disappoints; delusion; imposture. [Not an elegant word.]

Believe who will the solemn sham, not I. Addison.

SHAM, adjective False; counterfeit; pretended; as a sham fight.

SHAM, verb transitive

1. To deceive expectation; to trick to cheat; to delude with false pretenses.

They find themselves fooled and shammed into conviction. [Not elegant.]

L'Estrange.

2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition.

SHAM, verb intransitive To make mocks.

SHAM'AN, noun In russia, a wizzard or conjurer, who by enchantment pretends to cure diseases, ward off misfortunes and foretell events.

SHAM'BLES, noun [Latin scamnum a bench; from Latin scando.]

1. The place where butcher's meat is sold; a flesh-market.

2. In mining, a nich or shelf at suitable distances to receive the ore which is thrown from one to another, and thus raised to the top.

SHAM'BLING, adjective [from scamble, scambling.] Moving with an awkward, irregular, cumsy pace; as a shambling trot; shambling legs.

SHAM'BLING, noun An awkward, clumsy, irregular pace or gait.

SHAME, noun

1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt, or of having done something which injures reputation; or by of that which nature or modesty prompts us to conceal. Shame is particularly excited by the disclosure of actions which, in the view of men, are mean and degrading. Hence it it is often or always manifested by a downcast look or by blushes, called confusion of face.

Hide, for shame,

Romans, your grandsires' images,

That blush at their degenerate progeny. Dryden.

Shame prevails when reason is defeated. Rambler.

2. The cause or reason of shame; that which brings reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation of others. Thus an idol is called a shame.

Guides, who are the shame of religion. South.

3. Reproach; ignominy; derision; contempt.

Ye have born the shame of the heathen. Ezekiel 36:6.

4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered.

5. Dishonor; disgrace.

SHAME, verb transitive

1. To make ashamed; to excite a consciousness of guilt or of doing something derogatory to reputation; to cause to blush.

Who shames a scribbler, breaks a cobweb through. Pope.

I write not these things to shame you. 1 Corinthians 4:14.

2. To disgrace.

And with foul cowardice his carcass shame. Spenser.

3. To mock at.

Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor. Psalms 14:6.

SHAME, verb intransitive To be ashamed.

To its trunk authors give such a magnitude, as I shame to repeat. Raleigh.

SHA'MED, participle passive Made ashamed.

SHA'MEFACED, adjective Bashful; easily confused or put out of countenance. A man may be shamefaced to excess.

Conscience is a blushing shamefaced spirit. Shak.

Your shamefac'd virtue shunn'd the people's praise. Dryden.

SHA'MEFACEDLY, adverb Bashfully; with excessive modesty.

SHA'MEFACEDNESS, noun Bashfulness; excess of modesty.

SHA'MEFULLY, adverb

1. Disgracefully; in a manner to bring reproach. He shamefully deserted his friend.

2. With indignity or indecency; in a manner that may cause shame.

How shamefully that maid he did torment. Spenser.

SHA'MEFULNESS, noun Disgracefulness.

SHA'MELESS, adjective [shame and less.]

1. Destitute of shame; wanting modesty; impudent; brazen-faced; immodest; audacious; insensible to disgrace.

Such shameless bards we have. Pope.

2. Done without shame; indicating want of shame; as a shameless denial of truth.

SHA'MELESSLY, adverb Without shame; impudently; as a man shamelessly wicked.

SHA'MELESSNES, noun Destitution of shame; want of sensiblity to desgrace or dishonor; impudence.

He that blushes not at his crime, but adds shamelessness to shame, has nothing left to restore him to virture. Taylor.

SHA'MER, noun One who makes ashamed; that which confounds.

SHA'MING, participle present tense Making ashamed; causing to blush; confounding.

SHAM'MER, noun [from sham.] One that shams; an imposter. [Low.]

SHAM'MY,

1. A species of wild goat, (Capra rupicapra, goat of the rocks, ) inhabiting the mountains of Savoy, Piedmont, and Pyrenees.

The shamois is now considered as a species of antelope, (Antelope rupicapra.)

2. A kind of sether prepared from the skin of the wild goat. It is dressed in oil or tanned, much esteemed for its softness, pliancey and quality of bearing soap without damage. A great part of the lether which bears this name is conterfeit, being made of the skin of the common goat, the kid. or even of sheep.

SHAMOIS, noun

SHAM'ROCK, noun The Irish name for three-leafed grass.

SHANK, noun

1. The whole joint from the knee to the ankle. In a horse, th epart of the fore leg between the knee and footlock.

2. The tibia or large bone of the leg; as crooked shanks.

3. The long part of an instrument; as the shank of a key.

The beam or shaft of an anchor.

4. A plant. [bryonia.]

SHANK'ED, adjective Having a shank.

SHANK'ER, noun A malignent ulcer, usually occasioned by some venereal complaint.

SHAN'SCRIT, noun The Sanscrit, or ancient language of Hindoostan. [See Sanscrit.]

SHANTY, for janty, gay; showy. [Not in use or local.]

SHAPE, verb transitive preterit tense shaped; participle passive shaped or shapen.

1. To form or create.

I was shapen in iniquity. Psalms 51:1.

2. To mold or make into a particular form; to give form or figure to; as, to shape a garment.

Grace shap'd her limbs, and beauty deck'd her face. Prior.

3. To mold; to cast; to regulate; to adjust; to adapt to a purpose. He shapes his plans or designs to the temper of the times.

4. To direct; as, to shape a course.

5. To image; to conceive.

Oft my jealousy

Shapes faults that are not. Shak.

SHAPE, verb intransitive To square; to suit; to be adjusted.

SHAPE, noun

1. Form or figure as constituted by lines and angles; as the shape of a horse or a tree; the shape of the head, hand or foot.

2. External appearance.

He beat me grievously in the shape of a woman. Shak.

3. The form of the trunk of the human boky; as a clumsy shape; an elegant shape.

4. A being as endowed with form.

Before the gates are sat,

On either side, a formidable shape. Milton.

5. Idea; pattern.

6. Form. This application comes before the legislature in the shape of a memorial.

7. Manner.

SHA'PED, participle passive Formed; molded; cast; conceived.

SHA'PELESSNESS, noun Destitution of regular form.

SHA'PELY, adjective [from shape.] Well formed; having a regular shapr; symmetrical.

SHA'PEN,

SHA'PESESS, adjective Destitute of regular form; wanting symmetry of dimensions; as deformed and shapeless.

The shapeless rock or hanging precipice. Pope.

SHA'PESMITH, noun [shape and smith.] One that undertakes to improve the form of the body. [In burlesque.]

SHA'PING, participle present tense Forming; molding; casting; conceiving; giving form.

SHA'PLINESS, noun [from shapely.] Beauty or proportion of form. [Little used.]

SH'ARD, noun

1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel or of any brittle substance. Obs.

2. The shell of an egg or of a snail.

3. A plant. [chard.]

4. A frith or strait; as a perilous shard.

5. A gap.

6. A fish.

SH'ARDBORN, adjective [shard and born.] Born or produced among among fragments, or in crevices; as the shardborn beetle.

Johnson suggests that shard may perhaps signify the sheath of the witgs of insects. In this case, the word should be written shardborne, and defined, born in the air by sheathed wings. Such is Todd's explanation of the word in Shakespeare. The word shard may perhaps be used for the crustaceous wing of an insect, but I know not that such a sense is legitimate. [See Sharded.]

SHA'RDED, adjective Having wings sheathed with a hard case; as the sharded beetle. Inhabiting shards.

SHARE, noun

1. a part; a portion; a quantity; as a small share of prudence or good sense.

2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a number in common; that part of an undivided interest which belongs to each proprietor; as a ship owned in ten shares; a Tontine buildind owned in a hundred shares.

3. The part of a thing allotted or distributed to each individual of a number; divided; separate portion. Each heir has received his share of the estate.

4. A part belonging to one; portion possessed.

Nor I without my share of fame. Dryden.

5. A part contributed. He bears his share of the burden.

6. The broad iron or blade of a plow which cuts the ground; or a furrow-slice.

To go shares, to partake; to be equally concerned.

SHARE, verb transitive

1. To divide; to part among two or more.

Suppose I share my fortune equally between my children and a stranger.

Swift.

And share his burden where he shares his heart. Dryden.

2. To partake or enjoy with others; to seize and possess jointly in common.

Great Jove with Cesar shares his sov'reign sway. Milton.

While avarice and rapine share the land. Milton.

3. To cut; to share [Not now in use.]

And the shar'd vilage hangs on equal sides. Dryden.

SHARE, verb intransitive To have part.

A right of inheritance gave everyone a title to share the goods of his father.

Locke.

SHA'RED, participle passive Held or enjoyed with another or others; divided; distributed in shares

SHA'REHOLDER, noun [share and holder.] One that holds or owns a share in a joint fund or property.

One of the proprietors of the mine, who was a principle shareholder in the company, died. Med. Repos.

SHA'RER, noun A partaker; one that participates any thing with another; one who enjoys or suffers in common with anotheror others; as a sharer in another's good fortune; a sharer in the toils of war; a sharer in a ladies affections.

SHA'RING, participle present tense Partaking; having a part with another; enjoying or suffering with others.

SHA'RING, noun Participation.

SH'ARK, noun [Latin carcharius; Gr. from sharp.]

1. A voracious fish of the genus Squalus, of several species. The body is oblong, tapering and rough, and some species have several rows of serrated teeth. The largest grow to the length of thirty feet.

2. A greedy artful fellow; one who fills his pockets by sly tricks. [Low.]

3. Trick; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark. [Little used.]

4. In New England, one that lives by shifts, contrivance or stratagem.

SH'ARK, verb transitive To pick up hastily, slily or in small quantities. [Low.]

SH'ARK, verb intransitive

1. To play the petty thief; or rather to live by shifts and petty stratagems. [In New England, the common pronunciation is shurk, but the word rarely implies fraud.]

2. To cheat; to trick. [Low.]

3. To fawn upon for a dinner; to beg.

To shark out, to slip out or escape by low artifices. [Vulgar.]

SH'ARKER, noun One that lives by sharking; an artful fellow.

SH'ARKING, participle present tense Picking up in haste; living by petty rapine, or by shifts and devices.

SH'ARKING, noun

1. Petty rapine; trick.

2. The seeking of a livelihood by shifts and devices.

SH'ARP, adjective

1. Having a very thin edge or a fine point; keen; acute; not blunt. Thus we may say, a sharp knife, or a sharp needle. A sharp edge easily severs a substance; a sharp point is easily made to penetrate, it.

2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse; as, a hills terminates in a sharp peak, or a sharp ridge.

3. Forming an acute or too small angle at the ridge; as a sharp roof.

4. Acute of mind; quick to discern or distinguish; penetrating; ready at invention; witty; ingenious.

Nothing makes men sharper than want. Addison.

Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the sharpest philosophers have not yet obtained clear ideas. Watts.

5. Being of quick or nice perception; applied to the senses or organs of perception; as a sharp eye; sharp sight.

6. Affecting the organs of taste like fine points; piercing; penetrating; shrill; as sharp vinegar; sharp tasted citrons.

7. Affecting the organs of hearing like sharp points; poercing; penetrating; shrill; as a sharp sound or voice; a sharp not or tone; opposed to a flat note or sound.

8. Severe; harsh; biting; sarcastic; as sharp words; sharp rebuke.

-Be thy words severe,

Sharp as he merits; but the sword forbear. Dryden.

9. Severely rigid; quick or severe in punishing; cruel.

To that place the sharp Athenian law

Cannot pursue us. Shak.

10. Eager for food; keen; as a sharp appetite.

11. Eager in pursuit; deen in quest,

My faulchion now is sharp and passing empty. Shak.

12. Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; as a sharp contest.

A sharp assault already is begun. Dryden.

13. Keen; severe; pungent; as sharp pain.

14. Very painful or distressing; as sharp tribulation; a sharp fit of the gout.

15. Very attentive or vigilant.

Sharp at her utmost ken she cast her eyes. Dryden.

16. Making nice calculations of profit; or close and exact in making bargains or demanding dues.

17. Biting; pinching; piercing; as sharp air; sharp wind or weather.

18. Subtil; nice; witty; acute; used of things; as a sharp discourse.

19. Among workmen, hard; as sharp sand.

20. Emanciated; lean; thin; as a sharp visage.

To brace sharp, in seamanship, to turn the yards to the most oblique position possible, that the ship may lay well up to the wind.

SH'ARP, noun

1. In music, an acute sound.

2. A note artificially raised a semitone; or,

3. The character which directs the note to be thus elevated; opposed to a flat, which depresses a note a semitone.

4. A pointed weapon. [Not in use.]

SH'ARP, verb transitive

1. To make keen or acute.

2. To render quick.

3. To mark with a sharp in musical composition; or to raise a not a semitone.

SH'ARP, verb intransitive To play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper.

SHARPEN, verb transitive

1. To make sharp; to give a keen edge or a fine point to a thing; to edge; to point; as, to sharpen a knife, an ax or the teeth of a saw; to sharpen a sword.

All of the Israelites went down to the Philistines to sharpen every man his share and his coulter, and his ax and his mattock. 1 Samuel 8:1.

2. To make more eager or active; as, to sharpen the edge of industry.

3. To make more pungent and painful. The abuse of wealth and greatness may hereafter sharpen the sting of conscience.

4. To make more quick, acute or ingenious. The wit or the intellect is sharpened by study.

5. To render perception more quick or acute.

Th' air sharpen'd his visual ray

To objects distant far. Milton.

6. To render more keen; to make more eager for food or for any gratification; as, to sharpen the appetite; to sharpen a desire.

7. To make biting, sarcastic or severe. Sharpen each word.

8. To render less flat, or more shrill or piercing.

Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it. Bacon.

9. To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar.

10. To make more distressing; as, to sharpen grief or other evis.

11. In music, to raise a sound by means of a sharp.

SH'ARPEN, verb intransitive To grow or become sharp.

SH'ARPER, noun A shrewd man in making bargains; a tricking fellow; a cheat in bargaining or gaming.

Sharpers, as pikes, prey upon their own kind. L'Estrange.

SH'ARPLY, adverb

1. With a keen edge or a fine point.

2. Severely; rigorously; roughly.

They are to be more sharply chastised and reformed than the rude Irish.

Spenser.

3. Keenly; acutely; vigorously; as the mind and memory sharply exercised.

4. Violently; vehemently.

At the arrival of English embassadors, the soldiers were sharply assailed with wants. Hayward.

5. With keen perception; exactly; minutely.

You contract your eye, when you would see sharply. Bacon.

6. Acutely; wittily; with nice discernment.

SH'ARPNESS, noun

1. Keenness of an edge or point; as the sharpness of a razor or a dart.

2. Not obtuseness.

3. Pungency; acidity; as the sharpness of vinegar.

4. Pungency of pain; keenness; severity of pain or affliction; as the sharpness of pain, grief or anguish.

5. Painfulness; afflictiveness; as the sharpness or calamity.

And the best quarrels in the heat are curst

By those that feel their sharpness. Shak.

6. Sverity of language; pungency; satirical sarcasm; as the sharpness of a satire or rebuke.

Some did all folly with just sharpness blame. Dryden.

7. Acuteness of intellect; the power of nice discernment; quickness of understanding; ingenuity; as sharpness of wit or understanding.

8. Quickness of sense or perception; as the sharpness of sight.

9. Keenness; sverity as the sharpness of the air or weather.

SHAS'TER, noun Among the Hindoos, a sacred book containing the dogmas of the religion of the Bramis and the ceremonies of their worship, and serving as a commentary on the Vedam. It consists of three parts; the first containing the moral law of the Hindoos; the second the rites and ceremonies of their religion; the third the distribution of the people into tribes or classes, with the duties pertaining to each.

SHAT'TER, verb transitive

1. To braek at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, rend or part by violence into fragments; as, explosion shatters a rock or bomb; lightning shatters the sturdy oak; steam shatters a boiler; a monarchy is shattered by revolt.

2. To rend; to crack; to split; to rive into splinters.

3. To dissapate; to make incapable of close and continued application; as a man of shattered humor.

4. To disorder; to derange; to render delirious; as, to shatter teh brain, the man seems to be shattered in his intellect.

SHAT'TER, verb intransitive To be broken into fragments; to fall or crumble to pieces by any force applied.

Some shatter and fly in many places. Bacon.

SHAT'TERED, participle passive Broken or dashed to pieces; rent; disordered.

SHAT'TERING, participle present tense Dashing or breaking to pieces; rending; disordering.

SHAT'TERS, noun [I believe used only in the plural.] The fragments of any thing forcibly rent or broken; used chiefly or solely in the phrases, to break or rend into shatters.

SHAT'TERY, adjective Brittle; easily falling into many pieces; not compact; loose of texture; as shattery spar.

SHAVE, verb transitive preterit tense shaved; participle passive shaved or shaven.

1. To cut or pare off something from the surface of the body by a razor or other edged instrument, by rubbing, scraping or drawing the instrument along the surface; as, tto shave the chin and cheeks; to shave the head of its hair.

He shall shave his head in the day of his cleansing. Numbers 6:9.

2. To shave off, to cut off.

Neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard. Leviticus 21:5.

3. To pare close.

The bending sythe

Shaves all the surface of the waving green. Gay.

4. To cut off thin slices; or tho cut in thin slices.

5. To skim along the surface near it; to sweep along.

He shaves with level wing the deep. Milton.

6. To strip; to oppress by extortion; to fleece.

7. To make smooth by paring or cutting off slices; as, to shave hoops or staves.

To shave a note. to purchase it at a great discount, a discount much beyong the legal rate of interest. [A low phrase.]

SHAVE, noun An instrument with a long blade and a handle at each end for shaving hoops, etc.; called also a drawing knife.

SHA'VED, participle passive Pared; made smooth with a razor or other cutting instrument; fleeced.

SHA'VELING, noun A man shaved; a friar or religious; in contempt.

SHA'VER, noun

1. One that shaves or whose occupation is to shave.

2. One that is close in bargains or a sharp dealer.

This Lewis is a cunning shaver. Swift.

3. One that fleeces; a pillager; a punderer.

By these shavers the Turks werestripped of all they had. Knolles.

SHA'VER, noun A boy or young man. This word is still in common use in New England. It must be numbered among our original words.

SHA'VING, participle present tense Paring the surface with a razor or ather sharp instrument; making smooth by paring; fleecing.

SHA'VING, noun

1. The act of paring the surface.

2. A thin slice pared off with a shave, a knife , a plan or other cutting instrument.

SHAW, noun A thicket; a small wood. [Local in England. In America not used.]

SHAW'-FOWL, noun [shaw and fowl.] the representation or image of a fowl make by fowlers to shoot at.

SHAWL, noun A cloth of wool, cotton, silk or hair, used by females as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. Shawls are of various sizes from that of a hankerchief to that of a counterpane. Shawls were originally manufactured in the heart of India from the fine silky wool of the Thibet sheep, and the best shawls now come from Cashmere; but they are also manufactured in Europe. The largest kinds are used in train-dresses and for long scarfs.

SHAWM, noun A hautboy or cornet; written also shalm, but not in use.

SHAWM,

SHE, pronoun personal of the feminine gender. [She is perhaps the Heb. a woman or wife. Latin quoe.]

1. A pronoun which is a substitute for the name of a female, and of the feminine gender; the word which refers to a female mentioned in the preceding or following part of a sentence or discourse.

Then denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. Genesis 18:15.

2. She is sometimes used as a noun for waman or female, and in the plural; but in contempt or in ludicrous language.

Lady, you are the cruell'st she alive. Shak.

The shes of Italy shall not betray

My interest. Shak.

3. She is also used in composition for female, representing sex; as a she-bear; a she-cat.

SHE'ADING, noun In the isle of Man, a riding, tithing or division, in which there is a corner or chief constable. The isle is divided into six sheading.

SHEAF, noun plural sheaves. [Latin scopa, scopo.]

1. A quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye, oats or barley bound together; a bundle of stalks or straw.

-The reaper fills his greedy hands,

And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands. Dryden.

2. Any bundle or collection; as a sheaf of arrows.

SHEAF, verb transitive To collect and bind; to make sheaves.

SHEAL, to shell, not used.

SHEAR, verb transitive preterit tense sheared; participle passive sheared or shorn. The old preterit tense shore is entirely obsolete.

1. To cut or clip something from the surface with an instrument of two blades; to separate any thing from the surface by shears, scissors or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth. It is appropriately used for the cutting of wool from sheep on their skins, for clipping the nap from cloth, but may be applied to other things; as, a horse shears the ground in feeding much closer than an ox.

2. To separate by shears; as, to shear a fleece.

3. To reap. [Not in use.] Scotish.

SHEAR, To deviate. [See Sheer.]

SHE'ARBILL, noun [shear and bill.] A fowl, the black skimmer or cut-water.

SHEARD, noun A shard. [See Shard.]

SHE'ARED, participle passive Clipped; deprived of woll, hair, nap.

SHE'ARER, noun One that shears; as a shearer of sheep.

SHEARMAN, noun sher'man. One whose occupation is to shear cloth.

SHEARS, noun plural [from the verb.]

1. An instrument consisting of two blades with a bevel edge, movable on a pin, used for cutting cloth and other substances by interception between the two blades. shears differ from scissors chiefly in being larger.

Fate urg'd the shears and cut the sylph in twain. Pope.

2. Something in the form of the blades of shears

3. Wings. [Not in use.]

4. An engine for raising heavy weights. [See Sheers.]

5. The denomimation of the age of sheep from the cutting of the teeth; as sheep of one shear, two shear, etc. [Local.]

SHEAT. [See Sheet.]

SHEATH, noun

1. A case for the reception of a sword or other long and slender instrument; a scabbard. A sheath is that which separates, and hence a defense.

2. In botany, a membrane investing a stem or branch, as in grasses.

3. Any thin covering for defense; the wing-case of an insect.

SHEATH, verb transitive

SHEATHE,

1. To put in a case or scabbard; as, the sheathe a sword or dagger.

2. To inclose or cover with a sheath or case.

The leopard-deeps the claws of his fore feet turned up from the ground, and sheathed in the skin of his toes. Grew.

'Tis in my breast she sheathes her dagger now. Dryden.

3. To cover or line; as, to sheathe the bowels with demulcent or mucilaginous substances.

4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious or sharp particles.

5. To fit with a sheath.

6. To case or cover with boards or with sheets of copper; as, to sheathe a ship to protect it from the worms.

To sheathe the sword, a figurative phrase, to put an end to war or emnity; to make peace. It corresponds to the Indian phrase, to bury the hatchet.

SHE'ATHED, participle passive

1. Put in a sheath; inclosed or covered in a case; covered; lined; invested with a membrane.

2. adjective In botany, vaginate; invested by a sheath or cylindrical membranaceous tube, which is the base of the leaf, as the stalk or culm in grasses.

SHE'ATHING, participle present tense Putting in a sheath; inclosing in a case; covering; liningl investing with a membrane.

SHE'ATHING, n, The casing or covering of a ship's bottom and sides; or the materials for such covering.

SHE'ATHLESS, adjective Without a sheath or case for covering; unsheathed.

SHE'ATHY, adjective Forming a sheath or a case.

SHEAVE, noun In seamen's language, a wheel in which the rope works in a block. It is made of hard wood or a metal. When made of wood, it is sometimes bushed, that is, has a piece or perforated brass let into its center, the better to sustain the friction of the pin.

SHEAVE, verb transitive To bring together; to collect. [Not in use.]

SHE'AVED, adjective Made of straw. [Not in use.]

SHECK'LATON, noun A kind of gilt lether. [Not in use.]

SHED, verb transitive preterit tense and participle passive shed.

1. To pour out; to effuse; to spill; to suffer to flow out; as, to shed tears; to shed blood. The sun sheds light on the earth; the stars shed a more feeble light.

This is my blood of the New Testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. Matthew 26:28.

2. To let fall; to cast; as, the trees shed their leaves on autumn; fowls shed their fethers; and serpents shed their skin.

3. To scatter to emit; to throw off; to diffuse; as, flowers shed their sweets of fragrance.

SHED, verb intransitive To let fall its parts.

White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand.

Mortimer.

SHED, noun

1. A slight building; a covering of timber and boards, etc. for shelter against and the inclemencies of weather; a poop house or hovel; as a horse-shed.

The first Aletes born in a lowly shed. Fairfax.

Sheds of reeds which summer's heat repel. Sandys.

2. In composition; effusion; as in slood-shed. [See the Verb.]

SHED, verb transitive To keep off; to prevent from entering; as a hut, umbrella or garment that sheds rain.

SHED'DER, noun One that sheds or causes to flow out; as a shedder of blood.

SHED'DING, participle present tense Effusing; causing to flow out; letting fall; casting; throwing off; sending out; diffusing; keeping off.

SHEEN, adjective Bright; glittery; showy.

SHEE'NY,

Up rose each warrior bold and brave,

Glist'ring in filed steel and armor sheen. Fairfax. [This word is used only in poetry.]

SHEEN, noun Brightness; splendor.

SHEEP, noun sing. and plu.

1. An animal of the genus Ovis, which is one of the most useful species that the Creator has bestowed upon man, and its wool constitutes a principal material of warm clothing, and its flesh is a great article of fool. The sheep is remarkable for its harmless temper ant its tmidity. the varieties are numerous.

2. In contempt, a silly fellow.

3. Figuratively, God's people are called sheep, as being under the government and protection of Christ, the great Shepherd.

SHEE'PCOT, noun [sheep snd cot.] A small inclosure for sheep; a pen.

SHEE'PFOLD, noun [sheep and fold.] A place where sheep are collected or confined.

SHEE'PHOOK, noun [sheep and hook.] A hook fastened fastened to a pole, by which shepherds lay hold holsd on hte legs of their sheep.

SHEE'PISH, adjective

1. Like a sheep; bashfus; timorous to excess; over-modest; meanly diffident.

2. Pertaining to sheep.

SHEE'PISHLY, adverb Bashfully; with mean timidity or diffidence.

SHEE'PISHNESS, noun Bashfulness; excessive modesty or diffidence; mean timorousness.

SHEE'PSKIN, noun The skin of a sheep; or the lether prepared from it.

SHEER, adjective

1. Pure; clear; separate from anything foreign; unmingled; as sheer ale. But this application is unusual. We saysheer argument, sheer wit, sheer falsehook, etc.

2. Clear; thin; as sheer muslin.

SHEER, adverb Clean; quite; at once. Obs.

SHEER, verb transitive To sheer [Not in use.]

SHEER, verb intransitive [See Shear, the sense of which is to separate.]

1. In seamen's language, to decline or deviate from the line of the proper course, as a ship when not steered with steadiness.

2. To slip or move aside.

To sheer off, to turn or move aside to a distance.

To sheer up, to turn and approach to a place or ship.

SHEER, noun

1. The longitudinal curve or bend of a ship's deck or sides.

2. The position in which a ship is sometimes kept at single anchor, to keep her clear of it.

To break sheer, to deviate from that position and fisk fouling the anchor.

SHEE'RLY, adverb At once; quite; absolutely. Obs.

SHEERS, noun plural An engine consisting of two or more pieces of timber or poses, fastened together near the top; used for raising heavy weights, particularly for hoisting the lower masts of ships.

SHEET, noun [Latin schenda; Gr. The Greek and Latin words signify a table or plate for writing on; Latin scindo, Gr.]

1. A broad piece of cloth used as part of bed-furniture.

2. A broad piece of paper as it comes from the manufacturer. Sheets of paper are of different sizes, as royal, demi, foolscap, pot and post-paper.

3. A piece of paper printed, folede and bound, or formed in to a book in blank, and making four, eight, sixteen or twenty-four pages, etc.

4. Any thing expanded; as a sheet of water or of fire; a sheet of copper, lead or iron.

5. Sheets, plural a book or pamphlet. The following sheets contains a full answer to my opponent.

6. A sail.

SHEET, noun In nautical language, a rope fastened to one or both the lower corners of a sail to extend and retain it in a particular situation. When a ship sails with a side-wind, the lower corners of the main and fore-sails are fastened with a tackand a sheet.

SHEET, verb transitive

1. To furnish with sheets. [Little used.]

2. To fold in a sheet [Little used.]

3. To cover as with a sheet; to cover with something broad and thin.

When snow the pasture sheets. Shak.

To sheet home, is to haul home a sheet or extend the sail till the clew is close to the sheet-block.

SHEE'TING, noun Cloth for sheets.

SHEIK, noun In Egypt, a person who has the care of a mosk; a kind of priest.

SHEILD, noun

1. A broad piece of defensive armor; a buckler; used in war for the protection of the body. The shields of the ancients were of different shapes and sizes, triangular, square, oval, etc. made of lether or wood covered with lether, and borne on the left arm. This species of armor was a good defence angainst arrows , darts, spears, etc. but would not protect against bullets.

2. Defense; shelter; protection; or the person that defends or protects; as a chief, the ornament and the shield of the nation.

Fear not, Abram; I am they shield and thy exceedind great reward. Genesis 15:1.

3. In heraldry, the escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms.

SHEK'EL, noun [Heb. to way; Low Latin siclus.] An ancient weight and coin among the Jews and other nations of the same stock. Dr. Arbuthnot makes the weight to have been equal to 9 pennyweights, 2 4/7 grains, Troy weight, and the value of 2 Samuel 3:1 3/8d. sterling, or about half a dollar. Others make its value 2 Sam 6d. sterling. The golden shekel was worht 1. 16. 6. pounds sterling, about $8, 12.

SHELD'AFLE, noun A chaffinch. This word is also written shell-apple.

SHEL'DRAKE, noun An aquatic fowl of the duck kind, the Anas tadorna. It has a greenish black head, and its body is variegated with white.

SHEL'DUCK, noun A species of wild duck.

SHELF, noun plural shelves.

1. A platform of boards or planks, elevated above the floor, and fixed and set on a frame or contiguous to a wall, for holding vessels, utensils, books and the like.

2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock or ledge of rocks, rendering the water shallow and dangerous to ships.

3. In mining, fast ground; the part of the internal structure of the earth which lies in an even regular form.

SHELF'Y, adjective

1. Full if shelves; abounding with with sand bank or rocks lying near the surface of the water and rendering navigation dangerous; as a shelfy coast.

2. Hard; firm. [See Shelf, No. 3.] [Not in use.]

SHELL, noun

1. The hard and stony covering of certain fruits and of certain animals; as the shell of a nut; the shell of an oyster or lobster. the shells of animals are crustaceous or testaceous; crustaceous as that of the lobster, and testaceous as that of the oyster and clam.

2. The outer coat of an egg.

3. The outer part of a house unfinished. We say of a building that wants the interior timbers or finishing, that it is a mere shell.

4. An instrument of music, like testudo in Latin; the first lyre being make, it is said, by drawing strings over a tortoise shell

5. Oute ror superficial part; as the shell of religion.

6. A bomb.

Fossil shells, dug up from the earth.

SHELL, verb transitive

1. To strip or break off the shell; or to take out of the shell; as, to shell nuts or almonds.

2. To separate from the ear; as, to shell maiz.

SHELL, verb intransitive

1. To fall off, as a shell crust or exterior coat.

2. To cast the shell or exterior covering. Nuts shell in falling.

3. To be disengaged from the husk; as, wheat or rye shells in reaping.

SHELL'ED, participle passive Deprived of the shell; also, separated from the ear; as, shelled corn or maiz.

SHELL'ING, participle present tense

1. Taking off the shell; casting the external hard covering; separating from hte husk and falling.

2. Separating from the ear, as maiz.

SHELL'-MEAT, noun Food consisting of shell fish.

SHELL'-WORK, Work composed of shells, or adorned with them.

SHELL'Y, adjective

1. Abounding with shells; as the shelly shore.

2. Consisting of shells. Lobsters disengage themselves from their shelly prisons.

SHEL'TER, noun [Latin celo.]

1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance. A house is a shelter from rain and other inclemencies of the weather; the foliage of a tree is a shelter from the rays of the sun.

The healing plant shall aid,

From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade. Pope.

2. The state of being covered and protected; protection; security.

Who into shelter takes their tender bloom. Young.

3. He that defends or guards from danger.

SHEL'TER, verb transitive

1. To cover from violence, injury, annoyance or attack; as a valley sheltered from the north wind by a mountain.

Those ruins shelter'd once his sacred head. Dryden.

We besought the deep shelter to us. Milton.

2. To defend; to protect from danger; to secure or render safe; to harbor.

What endless shall you gain,

to save and shelter Troy's unhappy train? Dryden.

3. To betake to cover or a safe place.

They sheltered themselves under a rock. Abbot.

4. To cover from notice; to disguise for protection.

In vain I strove to check my growing flame,

Or shelter passion under friendship's name. Prior.

SHEL'TER, verb intransitive To take shelter

There the Indian herdsman shunning heat,

Shelters in cool. Milton.

SHEL'TERED, participle passive Covered from injury or annoyance; defended; protected.

SHEL'TERING, participle present tense Covering from injury or annoyance; protecting.

SHEL'TERLESS, adjective Destitute of shelter or protection; without home or refuge.

Now sad and shelterless perhaps she lies. Rowe.

SHEL'TERY, adjective affording shelter. [Little used.]

SHEL'TIE, noun A small but strong horse in Scotland; so called from Shetland, where it is produced.

SHELVE, verb transitive shelv. To place on a shelf or on shelves. [Not in use.]

SHELVE, verb intransitive to incline; to be sloping.

SHELV'ING, participle present tense or adjective Inclining; sloping; having declivity.

With rocks and shelving arches vaulted round. Addison.

SHELV'Y, adjective Full of rocks or sand banks; shallow; as a shelvy shore. [See Shelfy.]

SHEMIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah. The Shemetic languages are Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, Hebrew, Samaria, Ethiopic and Old Phoenician.

SHEND, verb transitive ptet. and participle passive shent.

1. To injure, mar or spoil. Obs.

That much I fear my body willbe shent. Dryden.

2. To blame, reproach. revile, degrade, disgrace.

The famous name of knighthood foully shend. Spenser.

3. To overpower or surpass.

She pass'd the rest as Cynthia doth shend

The lesser stars.

SHENT, participle passive Infured. Obsolete unless in poetry.

SHEP'HERD, noun

1. A man employed in tending, feeding and gaurding sheep in the pasture.

2. A swain; a rural lover.

3. The pastor of a parish, church or congregation; a minister of the gospel who superintends a church or parish, and gived instruction in spiritual things. God and Christ are in Scripture dinominated Shepherds, as they lead, protect and govern their people, and provide for their wilfare.

SHEP'HERDESS, noun A woman that tends sheep; hence, a rural lass.

She put herself into the garb of a sheperdess. Sidney.

SHEP'HERDISH, adjective Resembling a shepherd; suiting a shepherd; pastoral; rustic.

SHEP'HERDLY, adjective Pastoral; rustic.

SHEPHERD'S NEEDLE, noun A plant of the genus Scandix; Venus comb.

SHEPHERD'S POUCH, noun A plant of the genus Thlaspi.

SHEPHERD'S PURSE,

SHEPHERD'S ROD, noun A plant of the genus Dipsacus; teasel.

SHEPHERD'S STAFF, noun A plant of the genus Dipsacus.

SHER'BET, noun [L. sorbeo.] A drink composed of water, lemon juice and sugar, sometimes with perfumed cakes dissolved in it, with an infusion of some drops of rose water. Another kind made with violets, honey, juice of rasins, etc.

SHERD, noun A pragment; usually written shard, which see.

SHER'IF, noun An officer in each county, to whom is entrusted the execution of the laws. In England, sherifs are appointed by the king. In the United States, sherifs are elected by legislature or by the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by the executive of the state. The office of sherif in England is judicial and ministerial. In the United States it is mostly or wholly ministerial. The sherif by himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal process throughout the county, has charge of the jail and prisoners, attends courts and keeps the peace.

SHER'IFALTY, noun The office or jurisdiction of sherif. [I believe none of these are in

SHER'IFDOM, use. See Shrievalty.

SHER'RIFFE, noun The title of a descendant of Mohammed by Hassan Ibn Ali.

SHER'RY, noun [sometimes written sherris.] A species of wine; so called from Xeres in Spain, where it is made.

Shew, Shewed, Shewn. [See Show, Showed, Shown.]

SHEW'ER, noun One that shows. [See Shower.]

SHEWING. [See Showing.]

SHIB'BOLETH, noun [Heb. an ear of corn, or a stream of water.]

1. A word which was made the criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites not being able to pronounce the letter sh, pronounced the word sibboleth. See Judges 12:6. Hence,

2. The criterion of a party; or that which distinguishes one party from another; and usually some peculiarity in things of little importance.

SHIDE, noun A piece split off; a cleft; a piece; a billet of wood; a splinter.

[Not used in New England, and local in England.]

SHIELD, verb transitive

1. To cover, as with a shield; to cover from dasnger; to defend; to protect; to secure form assault or injury.

To see the son the vanquish'd father shield. Dryden.

Hear one that comes to shield his injur'd honor. Smith.

2. To ward off; to defend against; as clothes shield one from the cold.

SHIE'LDED, participle passive Covered, as with a shield; defended; protected.

SHIEL'DING, participle present tense Covering, as with a shield; defending from attack or injury; protected.

SHIFT, verb intransitive

1. To move; to change place or position. Vegetables are not able to shift and seek nutriment.

2. To change its direction; to vary; as, the wind shifted from south to west.

3. To change; to give place to other things.

4. To change clothes particularly the under garment or chemise.

5. To resort to expedients for a livelihood, or for accomplishing a purpose; to move from one thing to another, and to seize one expedient when anohter fails.

Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave their companions to shift as well as they can. L'Estrange.

6. To practice indirect methods.

7. To seek methods of safety.

Nature teaches every creature how to shift for itself in cases of danger.

L'Estrange.

8. To change place; as, cargo shifts from one side to the other.

SHIFT, verb transitive

1. To change; to alter; as, to shift the scenes.

2. To transfer from one place or position to another; as, shift the helm; shift the sails.

3. To put out of the way by some expedient.

I shifted him away.

4. To change, as clothes; as, to shift a coat.

5. To dress in fresh clothes. Let him have time to shift himself.

To shift about, to turn quite round, to a contrary side or opposite point.

To shift off, to delay; to defer; as, to shift off the duteis of religion.

2. To put away; to disengage or disencumber one's self, as of a burden or inconvenience.

SHIFT, noun

1. A change; a turning from one thing to another; hence, an expedient tried in difficulty; one thing tried when another fails.

I'll find a thousand shifts to get away. Shak.

2. In a bad sense, mean refuge; last resource.

For little soul on little shifts rely. Dryden.

3. Fraud; artifice; expedient to effect a bad purpose; or an evasion; a trick to escape detection or evil.

4. A woman's under garment; a chemise.

SHIFT'ED, participle passive Changed from one place or position to another.

SHIFT'ER, noun

1. One that shifts; the person that plays tricks or practices artifice.

2. In ships, a person employed to assist the ship's cook in washing, steeping and shifting the salt provisions.

SHIFT'ING, participle present tense Changing place or position; reporting from one expedient to another.

SHIFT'INGLY, adverb By shifts and changes; deceitfully.

SHIFT'LESS, adjective Destitute of expedients, or not resorting to successful expedients; wanting means to act or live; as a shiftless fellow.

SHILF, noun Straw.

SHILL, to shell, not in use.

SHILL, verb transitive To put under cover; to sheal. [Not in use or local.]

SHIL'LING, noun An English silver coin equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound. The English shilling or shilling sterling, is equivilent to nearly 22 cents, 22 hundredths, money of the United States. Our ancestors introduced the name with the coin into this country, but by depreciation the value of the shilling shrunk in New England and Virginia one fourth, or to a fraction less than 17 cents, in New York to 12 1/2 cents, in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland to about 11 cents.

This denomination of money still subsists in the United States, although there is no coin of that value current, except the Spanish coin of 12 1/2/ cents, which is a shilling in the money in the state of New York. Since the adoption of the present coins of the United States, eagles, dollars, cents, etc. the use of the shilling is continued only by habit.

SHI'LY. [See Shyly.]

SHIM'NER, verb intransitive To gleam; to glisten. [Not in use.]

SHIN, noun The fore part of the leg, particularly of the human leg; the fore part of the crural bone, called tibia. This bone being only covered by the skin, may be named for that circumstance; skin-bone; or it may be formed from the root of chine, edge.

SHINE, verb intransitive [If s is a prefix, this word accords with the root of Latin canus, caneo.

1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit lightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by day; the moon shines by night. Shining differs from sparkling, glistening, glittering, as it usually implies a steady radiation or emission of light, whereas the latter words usually imply irregular or interrupted radiation. This distinction is not always not always observed, and we may say, the fixed stars shine, as well as they sparkle. But we never say the sun or the moon sparkles.

2. To be bright; to be lively and animated; to be brilliant.

Let thine eyes shine forth in their full luster. Denham.

3. To be unclouded; as, the moon shines.

4. To be glossy or bright, as silk.

Fish with their fins and shining scales. Milton.

5. To be gay or splendid.

So proud she shined in her princely state. Spenser.

6. To be beautiful.

Once brightest shin'd this child of heat and air. Pope.

7. To be eminent, conspicuous or distinguished; as, to shine in courts.

Few are qualified to shine in company. Swift.

8. To give light, real or figurative.

The light of righteousness hath not shined to us. Wisdom.

9. To manifest glorious excellencies.

10. To be clearly published.

11. To be conspicuously displayed; to be manifest.

Let your light so shine before men- Matthew 5:16.

To cause the face to shine, to be propitious.

SHINE, noun

1. Fair weather.

Be it fair or foul, rain or shine. Dryden.

2. Brightness; splendor; luster; gloss.

The glittering shine of gold. Decay of Piety.

Fair op'ning to some court's propitious shine. [Not elegant.] Pope.

SHI'NESS. [See Shyness.]

SHIN'GLE, noun [Gr.; Latin scinkula, from scindo.]

1. A thin board sawed or rived for covering buildings. Shingles are of different lengths, with one end much thinner than the other for lapping. They are used for covering roofs and sometimes the body of the builking.

2. Round gravel, or a collection of roundish stones.

The plain of La Crau in France, is composed of shingle. Pinkerton.

3. Shingles, plural [Latin cingulum, ] a kind of tetter or herpes which spreads around the body like a girdle; an eruptive disease.

SHIN'GLE, verb transitive To cover with shingles; as, to shingle a roof.

SHIN'GLED, participle passive Covered with shingles.

SHIN'GLING, participle present tense Covering with shingles.

SHI'NING, participle present tense

1. Emitting light; beaming; gleaming.

2. adjective Bright; splendid; radiant.

3. Illustrious; distinguished; conspicuous; as a shining example of charity.

SHI'NING, noun Effusion or clearness of light; brightness.

SHI'NY, adjective Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded.

Like a distant thunder on a shiny day. Dryden.

SHIP, as a termination, denotes state or office; as in lordship.

SHIP. [See Shape.]

SHIP, noun [Latin scapha; from the root of shape.] In a general sense, a vessel or building of a peculiar structure, adapted to navigation, or floating on water by means of sails. In an appropriate sense, a building of a structure or form fitted for navigation, furnished with a bowsprit and three masts, a main-mast, a fore-mast and a mizen-mast, each of which is composed a lower-mast, a top-mast and top-gallant-mast, and square rigged. Ships are of various sizes and are for various uses; most of them however fall under the denomination of ships of war and merchant's ships.

SHIP, verb transitive

1. To put on board of a ship or vessel of any kind; as, to ship goods at Liverpoll for New York.

2. To transport in a ship; to convey by water.

The sun shall no sooner the mountains touch,

But we will ship him hence. Shak.

3. To receive into a ship or vessel; as, to ship at sea.

To ship the oars, to place them in the rowlocks.

To ship off, to send away by water; as, to ship off convicts.

SHIP'-BUILDER, noun [ship and builder.] A man whose occupation is to construct

SHIP'-BILDER, ships and other vessels; a naval architect; a shipwright.

SHIP'BOARD, adverb [ship and board.]

1. To go on shipboard or a shipboard is to go aboard; to enter a ship; to embark; literally, to go over the side. It is a peculiar phrase, and not much used. Seamen say, to go aboard or on board.

To be on ship board, to be in a ship; but seamen generally say, to go aboard or on board.

2. noun The pland of a ship. [Not now used.]

SHIP'-BOY, noun A boy that serves on board of a ship.

SHIP'LESS, adjective Destitute of ships.

SHIP'MAN, noun [ship and man.] A seaman or sailor. Obs.

SHIP'M'ASTER, noun [ship and master.] The captain, master or commander of a ship.

SHIP'MENT, noun

1. The act of putting any thing on board of another ship or vessel; embarkation; as, he engaged in the shipment of coal for London.

2. The goods or things shipped, or put on board of another ship or vessel. We say, the merchants have made large shipments to the United States.

The question is whether the share of M in the shipment is exempted from the condemnation by reason of his nuetral domicil. J. Story.

SHIP'-MONEY, noun [ship and money.] In English history, the imosition formerly charged on the ports, towns, cities, boroughs and counties of England, for providing and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. This imosition being laid by the king's writ under the great seal, without the consent of the parliament, was held to contrary to the laws and statutes of th erealm, and abolished by Stat. 17 Car. 11.

SHIP'PED, participle passive Put on board of a ship or vessel; received on board.

SHIP'PEN, noun A stable; a cow house. [Not in use.]

SHIP'PING, participle present tense

1. Putting on board of a ship or vessel; receiving on board.

2. adjective Relating to ships; as shipping concerns.

SHIP'PING, noun Ships in general; ships or vessels of any kind for navigation. The shipping of the English nation exceeds that of any other. The tunnage of shipping belonging to the United States is second only to that of Great Britain.

To take shipping to embark; to enter on board a ship or vessel for conveyance or passage.

SHIP'-SHAPE, adverb In a seamanlike manner.

SHIP'WRECK, noun [ship and wreck.]

1. The destruction of a ship or vessel by being cast ashore or broken to pieces by beating against rocks and the like.

2. The parts of a shattered ship.

3. Destruction.

To make a shipwreck concerning faith, is to apostatize from the love, profession and dpractice of divine truth which had been embraced.

SHIP'WRECK, verb transitive

1. To destroy by running ashore or on ricks or sand banks. How many vessels are annually shipwrecked on the Bahama rocks!

2. To suffer the perils of being cast away; to be cast ashore with the loss of the ship. The shipwrecked mariners were saved.

SHIP'WRECKED, participle passive Cast ashore; dashed upon the rocks or banks; destroyed.

SHIP'WRIGHT, noun [ship and wright. See Work.] One whose occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships or other vessels.

SHIRE, noun In England, a division of territory, otherwise called a county. The shire was originally a division of the kingdom under the jurisdiction of an earl or count, whose authority was entrusted to the sherif. [shire-reeve.] On this officer the goverment ultimately devolved. In the United States, the corresponding division of a state is called a county, but we retain shire in the in the compound half-shire; as when the county court is held in two towns in the same county alternately, we call one of the divisions a half-shire.

In some states, shire as the constituent part of the name of a county, as Berkshire, Hampshire, in Massachusetts. These being the names established by law, we cannot say, the county of Berkshire, and we cannot with propriety say, the caounty of Berks, for there is no county in Massa chusetts thus named.

SHIRK, a different spelling of shark, which see.

SHIRL, a different spelling of shorl. [See Shorl.]

SHIR'LEY, noun A bird, by some called the greater bullfinch; having the upper part of the body a dark brown, and the throat and breast read.

SHIRT, noun shurt. [Latin curtus.] A loose garment of linen, cotton or other material, worn by men and boys next the body.

It is folly for a nation to export beef and linen, while a great part of the peaple are obliged to subsist on potatoes, and have no shirts to wear. adjective.M.

SHIRT, verb transitive shurt.

1. To cover or clothe, as with a shirt

2. To change the shirt and put on a clean one.

SHIRTLESS, adjective shurt'less. Wanting a shirt.

SHIST, noun A species of argillaceous earth or slate; clay or slate.

SHIST'IC, adjective Pertaining to shist, or partaking of its properties.

SHIST'OUS,

SHIST'US,

SHIT'TAH, noun In Scripture, a sort of precious wood of which the tables, altars and

SHIT'TAM, boards of the tabernacle were made among the Jews. Teh wood is said to be hard, tough and smooth, and very beautiful.

SHIT'TLE, adjective [See Shoot.] Wavering; unsettled. [Not used or or local.]

SHIT'TLENESS, noun Unsettledness; inconsistancy. [Not used or local.]

SHIVE, noun shiv.

1. A slice; a thin cut; as a shive of bread. [Not in use.]

2. A thin flexible piece cut off. [Not in use.]

3. A little piece or fragment; as the shives of flax made by breaking

SHIV'ER, noun

1. In mineralogy, a species of blue slate; shist; shale.

2. In seamen's language, a little wheel; a sheeve.

SHIV'ER, verb transitive [supra. Qu. Heb. to break in pieces. Class Br. No.26.] To break into many small pieces or splinters; to shatter; to dash to pieces by a blow.

The ground with shiver'd armor strown. Milton.

SHIV'ER, verb intransitive

1. To fell at once into many small pieces or parts.

The natural world, should gravity once cease, would instantly shiver into of millions of atoms. Woodward.

2. To quake; to tremble; to shudder; to shake, as with cold, ague; fear or horror.

The man that shiver'd on the brink of sin. Dryden.

Prometeus is laid

On icy Caucasus to shiver. Swift.

3. To be affected with a thrilling sensation, like that of chillness.

Any very harsh noise will set the teeth on edge, and make all the body shiver.

Shak.

SHIV'ER, noun

1. A small piece or fragment into which a thing breaks by any sudden violence.

He would pound thee into shivers with his fist, as a sailor breaks his biscuit.

Shak.

2. A slice; a sliver.

SHIV'ERED, participle passive Broken or dashed into small pieces.

SHIV'ERING, participle present tense

1. Breaking or dashing into small pieces.

2. Quaking; trembling; shaking, as with cold or fear.

SHIV'ERING, noun

1. The act of breaking or dashing to pieces; division; severance.

2. A trembling; a shaking with cold or fear.

SHIV'ERY, adjective Easily falling inot many pieces; not firmly cohering; incompact; as shivery stone.

SHOAD, noun Among miners, a train of metallic stones which serves to direct them in the discovery of mines.

SHOAL, noun

1. A great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; as shoals of people. Immense shoals of herring appear on the coast in the spring.

The vices of a prince draw shoals of followers. Decay of Piety.

2. A place where the water of a river, lake or sea is shallow or af little depth; a sand bank or bar; a shallow. The entrance of rivers is often rendered difficult or dangerous by shoals.

SHOAL, verb intransitive

1. To crowd; to throng; to assemble in a multitude. The fishes shoaled about the place.

2. To become more shallow. The water shoals as we approach the town.

SHOAL, adjective Shallow; of little depth; as shoal water.

SHOALINESS, noun [from shoaly.]

1. Shallowness; little depth of water.

2. The state of abounding with shoals.

SHOALY, adjective Full of shoals or shallow places.

The tossing vessel sail'd on shoaly ground. Dryden.

SHOCK, noun

1. A violent collision of bodies, or the concussion which it occasions; a viosent striking or dashing against.

The strong unshaken mounds resist the shocks

Of tides and seas. Blackmore.

2. Violent onset; conflict of contending armies or foes.

He stood the shock of a whole host of foes. Addison.

3. External violence; as the shocks of fortune.

4. Offense; impression of disgust.

Fewer shocks a staesman gives his friend. Young.

5. In electricity, the effect on the animal system of a discharge of the fluid from a charged body.

6. A pile of sheaves of wheat, rey, etc.

And cause it on shocks to be by and by set. Tusser.

Behind th emaster walks, builds up th eshocks. Thomson.

7. In New England, the number of sixteen sheaves of wheat, rye, etc. [This is the sense in which this word is generally used with us.]

8. A dog with long rough hair or shag. [from shag.]

SHOCK, verb transitive

1. To shake by the sudden collision of a body.

2. To meet with force; to encounter.

3. To strike, as with horror or disgust; to cause to recoil, as from something odious or horrible; to offend extremely; to disgust. I was shocked at the sight of so much misery. A void everything that can shock the feelings of delicacy.

Advise him not to shock a father's will. Dryden.

SHOCK, verb intransitive To collect sheaves into a pile; to pile sheaves.

SHOCK'ED, participle passive

1. Struck, as with horror; offended; disgusted.

2. Piled, as in sheaves.

SHOCK'ING, participle present tense

1. Shaking with sudden violence.

2. Meeting in onset or violent encounter.

And now with shouts the shocking armies clos'd. Pope.

3. adjective Striking, as with horror; causing to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting.

The French humor- is very shocking to the Italians. Addison.

SHOCK'INGLY, adverb In a manner to strike with horror or disgust.

SHOD, for shoed, preterit tense and participle passive of shoe.

SHOE, noun plural shoes.

1. A covering for the foot, usually of lether, composed of a thick species for the sole, and a thinner kind for the vamp and quarthers. Shoes for ladies often have some kind of cloth for the vamp and quarters.

2. A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse to defend it from injury; also, a plate of iron for for an ox's hoof, one for each division of the hoof. Oxen are shod in New England, sometimes to defend the hoof from injury in stony places, more generally to enable them to wald on ice, in which case the shoes are armed with sharp points. This is called calking.

3. The plate of iron which is nailed to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle that slides on snow in the winter.

4. A piece of timber fastened with pins to the bottom of the runners of a sled, to prevent them from wearing.

5. Something in form of a shoe

6. A cover for defense.

Shoe of an anchor, a small block of wood, convex on the back, with a hole to receive the point of the anchor fluke; used to prevent the anchor from tearing the planks of a ship's bow, when raised or lowered.

SHOE, verb transitive preterit tense and participle passive shod.

1. To furnish with shoes; ot put shoes on; as, to shoe a horse or an ox; to shoe a sled or sleigh.

2. To cover at the bottom.

To shoe an anchor, to cover the flukes with a broad triangular piece of plank whose area is larger than that of the fluke. This is intended to give the anchor a stronger hold in soft grounds.

SHOEBLACK, noun [shoe and black.] A person that cleans shoes.

SHOEBOY, noun [shoe and boy.] A boy that cleans shoes.

SHOEBUCKLE, noun [shoe and buckle.] A buckle for fastening the shoe to the foot.

SHOEING, participle present tense Putting on shoes.

SHOEING'HORN, noun [shoe and horn.]

1. A horn used to facilitate the entrance of the foot onto a narrow shoe.

2. Any thing by which transaction is facilitated; any thing used as a medium; in contempt. [I have never heard this word in America.]

SHOELESS, adjective Destitute of shoes.

Caltrops very much incommoded the shoeless Moors. Dr. Addison.

SHOEMAKER, noun [shoe and maker.] One whose occupation or trade is to make shoes and boots.

SHOER, noun One that fits shoes to the feet; one that furnishes or futs on shoes; as a farrier.

SHOESTRING, noun [shoe and string.] A string used to fasten a shoe to the foot.

SHOETYE, noun [shoe and tye.] A ribin used to fasten a shoe to the foot.

SHOG, for shock, a violent concussion. [Not in use.]

SHOG, verb transitive To shake; to agitate. [Not in use.]

SHOG, verb intransitive To move off; to be gone; to jog. [Not in use. See Jog.]

SHOG'GING, noun Concussion. [Not in use.]

SHOG'GLE, verb transitive To shake; to joggle. [Not in use. See Joggle.]

SHOLE, noun A throng; a crowd; a great multitude assembled. [This is the better orthography. See Shoal.]

SHONE, participle passive of shine.

SHOOK, participle passive of shake.

SHOOT, verb transitive prte. and participle passive shot. The old participle shotten, is obsolete. [Latin scateo, to shoot out water.]

1. To let fly and drive with force; as, to shoot an arrow.

2. To discharge and cause to be driven with violence; as, to shoot a ball.

And from about her shot darts of desire. Milton.

4. To let off; used of the instrument.

The two ends of a bow shot off, fly from one another. Boyle.

5. To strike with any thing shot; as, to shoot with an arrow or a bullet.

6. To send out; to push forth; as, a plant shoots a branch.

7. To push out; to emit; to dart; to thrust forth.

Beware of the secret snake that shoots a sting. Dryden.

8. To push forward; to drive; to propel; as, to shoot a bolt.

9. To push out; to thrust forward.

They shoot out the lip. Psalms 22:7.

The phrase, to shoot out the lip, signifies to treat with derision or contempt.

10. To pass through with swiftness; as, to shoot the Stygian flood.

11. To fit to each other by planing; a workman's term.

Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or pared with a chisel.

Moxon.

12. To kill by a ball, arrow or other thing shot; as, to shoot a duck.

SHOOT, verb intransitive

1. To perform the act of discharging, sending with force, or driving any thing by means of an engine or instrument; as, ot shoot at a target or mark.

When you shoot, and shut one eye. Prior.

The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him. Genesis 49:1.

2. To germinate; to bud; to sprout; to send forth branches.

But the wild olive shoots and shades the ungrateful plane. Dryden.

Delightjul task,

To teach the young idea how to shoot. Thomson.

3. To form by shooting, or by an arrangement of particles into spiculae. Metals shoot into crystals. Every salt shoots into crystals of a determinate form.

4. To be emitted, sent forth or driven along.

There shot a streaming lamp along the sky. Dryden.

5. To protuberate; to be pushed out; to jut; to project. The land shoots into a promontory.

6. To pass, as an arrow or pointed instrument; to penetrate.

The words shoot through my heart. Addison.

7. To grow rapidly; to become by rapid growth. The boy soon shoots up to a man.

He'll soon shoot up a hero. Dryden.

8. To move with velocity; as a shooting star.

9. To feel a quick darting pain. My templesshoot

To shoot ahead, to outstrip in running, flying or sailing.

SHOOT, noun

1. The act of propelling or driving any thing with violence; the discharge of a fire-arm or bow; as a good shot.

The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible shoot. Bacon.

2. The act of striking or endeavoring to strike with a massive weapon.

3. A young branch.

Prune off superfluous branches and shoots of this second spring. Evelyn.

4. A young swine. [In New England pronounced shote.]

SHOOT'ER, noun One that shoots; an archer; a gunner.

SHOOT'ING, participle present tense Discharging, as fire-arms; driving or sending with violence; pushing out; protuberating; germinating; branching; glancing, as in pain.

SHOP, noun

1. A builking in which goods, wares, drugs, etc. are sold by retail.

2. a building in which mechanics work, and where they keep their manufactures for sale.

Keep your shop, and your shop will keep you. Franklin.

SHOP, verb intransitive To visit shops for purchasing goods; used chiefly in the participle; as, the laky is shopping.

SHOP'BOARD, noun [shop and board.] A bench on which work is performed; as a doctor or divine taken from the shopboard.

SHOP'BOOK, noun [shop and book.] A book in which a tradesman keeps his accounts.

SHOP'KEEPER, noun [shopand keep.] A trader who sells in a shop or by retail; in distinction from a merchant, or one who sells by wholesale.

SHOP'LIFTER, noun [shop and lift. See Lift.] One who steals any thing from a shop, or takes goods privately from a shop; one who under pretense of buying goods, takes occasion the steal.

SHOP'LIFTING, noun Larceny committed in a shop; the stealing of any thing from a shop.

SHOP'LIKE, adjective Low; vulgar.

SHOP'MAN, noun [shop and man.]

1. A petty trader.

2. One who serves in a shop.

SHOP'PING, participle present tense Visiting shops for the purchase of goods.

SHORE, the old. pret. of shear. Obs.

SHORE, noun The coast or land adjacent to the sea, or to a large lake or river. This word is applied primarily to land contiguous to water; but it extends to the ground near the border of the sea or of a lake, which is covered with water. We also use the word to express the land near the border of the sea or of a great lake, to an indefinite extent; as when we say, a town stands on the shore. We do not apply the word to land contiguous to a small stream. This we call a bank.

SHORE, noun [The popular but corrupt pronunciation of sewer; a pronunciation that should be carefully avoided.]

SHORE, noun A prop; a butress; something that supports a building or other thing.

SHORE, verb transitive

1. To prop; to support by a post or butress; usually withsup; as, to shore up a building.

2. To set on shore [Not in use.]

SHO'RED, participle passive Propped; supported by a prop.

SHO'RELESS, adjective Having no shore or coast; of indefinite or unlimited extent; as a shoreless ocean.

SHO'RELING, n.

SHORL, noun A mineral, usually of a black color, found in masses of an intermediate form, or crystallized in three or nine sided prisms, which when entire are terminated by three sided summits. The surface of the crystals is longitudinally streaked. the amorphous sort presents thin straight distinct columnur concretions, sometimes parallel, sometimes diverging or stelliform. This is called also tourmalin.

The shorl of the mineralogists of the last century comprehended a variety of substances which later observations have separated into several species. The green shorl is the epidote, or the vesuvian, or the acinolite. The violet shorl an the lenticular shorl ar ethe axinite. The black volcanic shorl is si the augite. The white Vesuvian shorl is the sommite. The white grenatiform is the leucite. The white prismatic is the pycnite, a species of the topaz, and another is a variety of feldspar. Of the blue shorl one variety is the oxyd of titanium, another the sappare, and another the phosphate of irin. The shorl cruciform is the granitite. The octahedral shorl is the octahedrite or anatase. The red shorl of Hungary and the purple of Madagascar, are varieties of the oxyd of titanium. The spathic shorl is th espodummene. the black shorl and th eelectric shorl only remain, and to this species the name tourmalin was given by that celebrated mineralogist, the Abbe Hauy.

Blue shorl is a variety of Hauyne. Red and titanic shorl is rutile.

SHORLA'CEOUS, adjective Like shorl; partaking of the nature and characters of shorl.

SHOR'LING, In England, the skin of a living sheep shorn, as distinct from the morling, or skin taken from a dead sheep. Hence in some parts of England, a shorling is a sheep shorn, and a morling is one that dies.

SHORL'ITE, noun A mineral of a greenish white color, sometimes yellowish; mostly found in irregular oblong masses or columns, inserted in a mixture of quartz and mica or granite.

Shorlite of shorlous topaz, the pycnite of Werner, is of a straw yellow color.

SHORT, adjective [Latin curtus.]

1. Not long; not having great length or extension; as a short distance; a short ferry; a short flight; a short piece of timber.

The bed is shorter than a man can stretch himself on it. Isaiah 28:20.

2. Not extended in time; not of long duration.

The triumphing of the wicked is short. Job 20:5.

3. Not of usual or suffifient length, reach or extent.

Weak though I am of limb, and short of sight. Pope.

4. Not of long duration; repeated at small intervals of time; as short breath.

5. Not of adequate extent or quantity; not reaching the point demanded, desired or expected; as a quantity short of our expectations.

Not therefore am I short

Of knowing what I ought. Milton.

6. Deficient; defective; imperfect. This account is short of the truth.

7. Not adequate; insufficient; scanty; as, provisions are short; a short allowance of water for the voyage.

8. Not sufficiently supplied; scantily furnished.

the English were inferior in number, and grew short in their provisions.

Hayward.

9. Not far distant in time; future.

He commanded those who were appointed to attend him, to be ready by a short day. Clarendon.

10. Not fetching a compass; as in the phrase, to turn short.

11. Not going to the point intended; as, to stop short.

12. Defective in quantity; as sheep short of their wool.

13. Narrow; limited; not extended; not large or comprehensive.

Their own short understandings reach

No farther than the present. Rowe.

14. Brittle; friable; breaking all at once without splinters or shatters; as marl so short that it cannot be wrought into a ball.

15. Not bending.

The lance broke short. Dryden.

16. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; severe. I asked him a question, to which he gave a short answer.

To be short, to be scantily supplied; as, to be short of bread or water.

To come short, to fail; not to do what is demanded or expected, or what is necessary for the purpose; applied to persons. We all come short of perfect obedience to God's will.

2. Not to reach or obtain.

3. To fail; to be insufficient. Provisions come short.

To cut short, to abridge; to contract; to make to small or defective; also, ot destroy or consume.

To fall short, to fail; to be inadequate or scanty; as, provisions fall short; money falls short.

2. To fail; not to do or accomplish; as, to fall short on duty.

3. To be less. The measure falls short of the estimate.

To stop short, to stop at once; also, to stop without reaching the point intended.

To turn short, to turn on the spot occupied; to turn without making a compass.

For turning short he struck with all his might. Dryden.

To be taken short, to be seized with urgent necessity.

In short, a few words; briefly; to sum up or close in a few words.

SHORT, noun A summary account; as the short of the matter.

The short and long in our play is preferred. Shak.

SHORT, adverb Not long; as short-enduring joy; a short-breathed man.

In connection with verbs, short is a modifying word, or used adverbially; as, to come short, etc.

SHORT, verb transitive

1. To shorten.

2. verb intransitive To fail; to decrease. [Not in use.]

SHORTEN, verb transitive short'n.

1. To make short in measure, extent or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity.

2. To abridge; to lessen; as, to shorten labor or work.

3. To curtail; as, to shorten the hair by clipping.

4. To cintract; to lessen; to diminish in extent or amount; as, to shorten sail; to shorten an allowance of provisions.

5. To confine; to restrain.

Here where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain. Dryden.

6. To lop; to deprive.

The youth-shortened of his ears. Dryden.

SHORTEN, verb intransitive short'n.

1. To become short or shorter. The day shortens in northern latitudes from June to December.

2. To contract; as, a cord shortens by being wet; a metallic rod shortens by cold.

SHORT'ENED, participle passive Made shorter; abridged; contracted.

SHORT'ENING, participle present tense Making shorter; contracting.

SHORT'ENING, noun Something used in cookery to make paste short or friable, as butter or lard.

SHORT'-HAND, noun [short amd hand.] Short writing; a compendious method of writing by substituting characters, abbreviations or symbols for words; otherwise called stenography.

SHORT'LY, adverb

1. Quickly; soon; in a little time.

The armies came shortly in view of each other. Clarendon.

2. In a few words; briefly; as, to express ideas more shortly in verse than in prose.

SHORT'NER, noun He or that which shortens.

SHORT'NESS, noun

1. The quality of being short in space or time; little length or little duration; as the shortness of a journey or of distance; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of life.

2. Fewness of words; brevity; conciseness; as th eshortness of an essay. The prayers of the church, by reason of their shortness, are easy for the memory.

3. Want of reach or the power of retention; as the shortness of the memory.

4. Deficiency; imperfection; limited extent; as the shortness of our reason.

SHORT'-RIB, noun [short and rib.] One of the lower ribs; a rib shorter than the others, below the sternum; a false rib.

SHORTS, noun plural The bran and coarse part of a meal. [Local.]

SHORT'SIGHTED, adjective [short and sight.]

1. Not able to see far; having limited vision; in a literal sense.

2. Not able to look far into futurity; not able to understand things deep or remite; of limited intellect.

SHO'RY, adjective [from shore.] Lying near th eshore or coast. [Little used.]

SHOT, preterit tense and participle passive of shoot.

SHOT, noun

1. The act of shooting; discharge of a missile weapon.

He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's army.

Clarendon.

[Note. The plural shots, may be used, but shot is generally used in both numbers.]

2. A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet. Shot is properly what is discharged from fire-arms or cannons by the force of gunpowder. shot used in war is of various kinds; as, roundshot or balls; those for cannon make of iron, those for muskets and pistols, of lead. Secondly, double headed shot or bar shot, consisting of a bar with a round head at each end. Thirdly, chain-shot, consisting of to balls chained together. Fourthly, grape-shot, consisting of a number of balls bound together with a cord in canvas on an iron bottom. Fifthly, case shot or canister shot, consisting of a great number of small bullets in a cylindrical tin box. Sixthly, langrel or langrage, which consists of pieces of iron of any kind or shape. Small shot, denotes musket balls.

3. Small globular masses of lead, used for killing fowls and other small animals. These are not called balls or bullets.

4. The flight of a missile weapon, or the distance which it passes from the engine; as a cannon shot; a musket shot; a pistol shot; a bow shot.

5. A reckoning; charge or proportional share of expense. [See Scot.]

Shot of a cable, in seaman's language, the splicing of two cables together; or the whole length of two cables thus united. A ship will ride easier with one shot of cable thus lengthened, than with three short cables.

SHOTE, noun

1. A fish resembling the trout.

2. A young hog. [See Shoot.]

SHOT'-FREE, adjective [shot and free.]

1. Free from charge; exempted from any share of expense; scot-free.

2. Not to be injured by shot. [Not used.]

3. Unpunished. [Not used.]

SHOTTEN, adjective shot'n. [from shoot.]

1. Having ejected the spawn; as a shotten herring.

2. Shooting into angles.

3. Shot out of its socket; dislocated; as a bone.

SHOTT'ING, noun

1. The act of discharging fire-arms, or of sending an arrow with force; a firing.

2. Sensation of a wuick glancing pain.

3. In sportsmanship, the act or practice of killing game with guns or fire-arms.

SHOUGH, noun shok. A kind of shaggy dog. [Not in use. See Shock.]

SHOULD. shood. The preterit of shall, but now used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past time or conditional present. 'He should have paid the debt at the time the note became due.' Should here denotes past time. 'I should ride to town this day if the weather would permit.' Here should expresses present or future time conditionally. In the second and third persons, it denotes obligation or duty, as in the first example above.

1. I should go. When should in this person is uttered without emphasis, it declares simply that an event would take place, on some condition or under circumstances.

But when expressed with emphasis, should in this person denotes obligation, duty or determination.

2. Thou shouldst go.

You should Without emphasis, should, in the second person, is nearly equivalent to ought; you ought to go, it is your duty, you are bound to go. [See Shall.]

With emphasis, should expresses determination in th espeaker conditionally to compel the person to act. 'If I had the care of you, you should go, whether willing or not.'

3. He should go. should, in the third person, has the same force as in the second.

4. If I should, if you should, if he should, etc. denote a figure contingent event.

5. After should, the principal verb is sometimes omitted, without obscuring the sense.

So subjects love just kings, or so they should. Ktyden.

That is, so they should love them.

6. should be, ought to be; a proverbial phrase, conveying some censure, contempt or irony. Things are not as they should be.

The biys think their mother no better than they should be. Addison.

7. ' We think it strange that stones should fall from the aerial regions.' In this use, should implies that stones do fall. In all similar phrases, should implies the actual existence of the fact, without a condition of supposition.

SHOULDER, noun

1. The joint by which the arm of a human being or the fore leg of a quadruped is connected with the body; or in man, the projection formed by the bones called scapula or shoulder blades, which extend from the basis of the neck in a horizontal direction.

2. The upper joint of the fore leg of an animal cut for th emarket; as a shoulder of mutton.

3. Shoulders, in the plural, the upper part of the back.

Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden.

4. Figuratively, support; sustaining power; or that which elevates and sustains.

For on thy shoulders do I build my seat. Shak.

5. Among artificers, something like the human shoulder; a horizontal or rectangular projection from the body of a thing.

SHOULDER, verb transitive

1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence.

Around her numberless the rabble flow'd,

Should'ring each other, crowding for a view. Rowe.

As they the earth would shoulder from her seat. Spenser.

2. To take upon the shoulder; as, to shoulder a basket.

SHOUT, verb intransitive To utter a sudden and loud outcry, usually in joy, triumph or exultation, or to animate soldiers in an onset.

It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery. Exodus 32:18.

When ye hear th esound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout with a great shout Joshua 6:5.

SHOUT, noun A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, particularly of a multitude of men, expressing joy, triumph, exultation or animated courage. It is sometimes intended in derision.

The Rhodians seeing an enemy turn their backs, gave a great shout in derision. Knolles.

SHOUT, verb transitive To treat with shouts or clamor.

SHOUT'ER, noun One that shouts.

SHOUT'ING, participle present tense Uttering a sudden and loud outcry in joy or exultation.

SHOUT'ING, noun The act of shouting; a loud outcry expressive of joy or animation.

SHOVE, verb transitive

1. To push; to propel; to drive along by the direct application of strength without impulse; particularly, to push a body by sliding or causing it to move along the surface of another body, either by the hand or by an instrument; as, the shove a bottle along a table; to shove a table along the floor; to shove a boat along the water.

And shove away the worthy bidden guest. Milton.

Shoving back this earth on which I sit. Dryden.

2. To push; to press against.

He used to shove an elbow his fellow servants to get near his mistress

Arbuthnot.

To shove away, to push to a distance; to thrust off.

To shove by, to push away; to delay, or to reject; as, to shove by the hearing of a cause; or to shove by justice. [Not elegant.]

To shove off, to thrust or push away.

To shove down, to overthrow by pushing.

SHOVE, verb intransitive

1. To push or drive forward; to urge a course.

2. To push off; to move in a boat or with a pole; as, he shoved from shore.

To shove off, to move from shore by pushing with poles or oars.

SHOVE, noun The act of pushing or pressing against by strength, without a sudden impulse.

SHOVED, participle passive Pushed; propelled.

SHOVEL, noun shov'l. An instrument consisting of a broad scoop or hollow blade with a handle; used por throwing earth or other loole substances.

SHOVEL, verb transitive

1. To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a heap or into a cart, or out of a pit.

2. To gather in great quantities.

SHOVELED, participle passive Thrown with a shovel.

SHOVELER, noun [from shovel.] A fowl of the genus Anas or duck kind.

SHOVELING, participle present tense Throwing with a shovel.

SHOW, verb transitive preterit tense showed; participle passive shown or showed. It is sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn. [If the radical letter lost was a labial, show coincides with the Gr.]

1. To exhibit or present to the view of others.

Go thy way, show thyself to the priest. Matthew 8:1.

2. To afford to the eye or to notice; to contain in a visible form.

Nor want we skill o rart, from whence to raise

Magnificence; and what can heaven show more? Milton.

3. To make or enable to see.

4. To make or enable to perceive.

5. To make to know; to cause to understand; to make known; to teach or inform.

Know, I am sent

To show thee what shall come in future days. Milton.

6. To prove; to manifest.

I'll show my duty by my timely care. Dryden.

7. T oinform; to teach; with of.

The time cometh when I shall no more speak to you in proverbs, but I shall show you plainly of the Father. John 16:1.

8. To point out, as a guide.

Thou shalt show them th eway in which they must walk. Exodus 18:1.

9. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to show favor or mercy on any person.

10. To prove by evidence, testimony or authentic registers or documents.

They could not show their father's house. Ezra 2:1.

11. To disclose; to make known.

I durst not show mine opinion. Job 32:1.

12. To discover; to explain; as, to show a dream or interpretation.

To show forth, to manifest; to publish; to proclaim.

SHOW, verb intransitive

1. To appear; to look; to be in appearance.

Just such she shows before a rising storm. Dryden.

2. To have appearance; to become or suit well or ill.

My lord of York, it better show'd with you. Obs. Shak.

SHOW, noun

1. Superficial appearance; not reality.

Mild heav'n

Disapproves that care, though wise in show. Milton.

2. A spectacle; something offered to view for money.

3. Ostentatious display or parade.

I envy none their pageantry and show. Young.

4. Appearance as an object of notice.

The city itself makes the noblest showof any in the world. Addison.

5. Public appearance, in distinction of concealment; as an open show.

6. Semblance; likeness.

In show plebeian angel militant. Milton.

7. Seciousness; plausibility.

But a short exile must for show precede. Dryden.

8. External appearance.

And forc'd, at least in show, to prize it more. Dryden.

9. Exhibition in view; as a show o fcattle, or cattle-show.

10. Pomp; magnificent spectacle.

As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such shows- Bacon.

11. A phantom; as a fairy show.

12. Representative action; as a dumb show.

13. External appearance; hypocritical pretense.

Who devour widows' houses, and for a show make long prayers. Luke 20:1.

SHOWER, noun One who shows or exhibits.

SHOW'ER, noun [Qu. Heb. Ch. Ar. to be rough, to shudder.]

1. A fall of rain or hail, a sort of duration. It may be applied to like a fall of snow, but this seldon occurs. It is applied to a fall of rain or hail of short continuance, or of more or less violence, but never to a storm of long continuance.

2. A fall of thing from the air in thick succession; as a shower of darts or arrows; a shower of stones.

3. A copious supply bestowed; liberal distribution; as a great shower of gifts.

SHOW'ER, verb transitive

1. To water with a shower; to wet copiously with rain; as, to shower the earth.

2. To bestow liberally; to distribute or scatter in abundance.

Cesar's favor,

That show'rs down greatness on his friends. Addison.

3. To be wet with falling water, as in the shower-bath.

SHOW'ER, verb intransitive To rain with showers.

SHOW'ERED, participle passive Wet with a shower; watered abundantly; bestowed or distributed liberally.

SHOW'ERLESS, adjective Without showers.

SHOW'ERY, adjective Raining in showers; abounding with frequent falls of rain.

SHOWILY, adverb In a showy manner; pompously; with parade.

SHOWINESS, noun State of being showy; pompousness; great parade.

SHOWISH, adjective

1. Splendid; gaudy. [Little used.]

2. Ostentatious.

SHOWN, participle passive of show. Exhibited; manifested; proved.

SHOWY, adjective

1. Splendid; gay; gaudy; making a great show; fine.

2. Ostentatious.

SHRAG, verb transitive To lop. [Not in use.]

SHRAG, noun A twig of a tree cut off. [Not in use.]

SHRAG'GER, noun One that lops; one that trims trees. [Not in use.]

SHRANK, preterit tense or shrink, nearly obsolete.

SHRAP, noun A place baited with chaff to invite birds. [Not in use.]

SHRAPE,

SHRED, verb transitive preterit tense and participle passive shred. To cut into small pieces, particularly marrow and long pieces, as of cloth or lether. It differs from mince, which signifies to chop into pieces fine and short.

SHRED, noun

1. A long narrow piece cut off; as shreds of cloth.

2. A fragment; a piece; as shreds of wit.

SHRED'DING, participle present tense Cutting into shreds.

SHRED'DING, That which is cut off; a piece.

SHREW, noun

1. A peevish, brawling, turbulent, vexatious woman. It appears to have originally been applied to males as well as females; but is now restricted to the latter.

The man had got a shrew for his wife, and there could be no quiet in the house with her. L'Estrange.

2. A shrew-mouse.

SHREW, verb transitive To beshrew; to curse. Obs.

SHREWD, adjective

1. Having the qualities of a shrew; vexatious; troublesome; mischievous. Obs.

2. Sly; cunning; arch; subtil; artful; astute; as a shrewd man.

3. Sagacious; of nice discernment; as a shrewd observer of men.

4. Proceeding from cunning or sagacity, or containing it; as a shrewd saying; a shrewd conjecture.

5. Painful; vexatious; troublesome.

Every of this number

That have endured shrewd nights and days with us. Obs. Shak.

No enemy is so despicable but he may do one a shrewd turn. Obs.

L'Estrange.

SHREWD'LY, adverb Mischievously; destructively.

This practice hath most shrewdly passed upon thee. Obs. Shak.

2. Vexatiously; used of slight mischief.

The obstinate and schismatical are like to think themselves shrewdly hurt by being cut from that body they chos not to be of. Obs. South.

Yet seem'd she not to winch, though shrewdly pained. Obs. Dryden.

3. Archly; sagaciously; with good guess; as, I shrewdly suspect; he shrewdly observed.

SHREWD'NESS, noun

1. Sly cunning; archness.

The neighbors round admire his shrewdness. Swift.

2. Sagaciousness; sagacity; the quality of nice discernment.

3. Mischievousness; vexatiouness. [Not in use.]

SHREW'ISH, adjective Having the qualities of a shrew; forward; peevish; petulantly clamorous.

My wife is shrewish when I keep not hours. Shak.

SHREW'ISHLY, adverb Peevishly; clamorously; turbulently.

He speaks very shrewishly. Shak.

SHREW'ISHNESS, noun The qualities of a shrew; forwardness; petulance; turbulent clamorousness.

I have no gift in shrewishness. Shak.

SHRIEK, verb intransitive [Latin ruga, wrinkled, rugo, to bray.] To utter a sharp shrill cry; to scream; as in sudden fright, in horror or anguish.

At this she shriek'd aloud. Dryden.

It was the owl that shriek'd. Shak.

SHRIEK, noun A sharp shrill outcry or scream, such as is produced by sudden anger or extreme anguish.

Shrieks, clamors, murmurs fill the frighted town. Dryden.

SHRIE'KING, participle present tense Crying out with a shrill voice.

SHRIE'VAL, adjective Pertaining to a sherif. [Not in use.]

SHRIE'VALTY, noun [from sherif.] Sherifalty; the office of a sherif.

It was ordained by 28 Ed. 1. that the people shall have election of sherif in every shire, where the shrievalty is not of inheritance. Blackstone.

SHRIEVE, noun Sherif. [Not in use.]

SHRIFT, noun Confession made to a priest. Obs.

SHRIGHT, for shrieked.

SHRIGHT, noun A shriek. [Not in use.]

SHRIKE, noun [See Shriek.] The butcher-bird; a genus of birds called Lanius, of several species.

SHRILL, adjective [Latin grillus.]

1. Sharp; acute; piercing; as sound; as a shrill voice; shrill echoes.

2. Uttering an acute sound; as the cock's shrill sounding throat; a shrill trumpet.

[NOTE. A shrill may be tremulous of trilling; but this circumstance is not essential it, although it seems to be of the root of trill.]

SHRILL, verb intransitive To utter an acute piercing sound.

Break we out pipes that shrill'd as loud as lark. Spenser.

SHRILL, verb transitive To cause to make a shrill sound.

SHRILL'NESS, noun Acuteness of sound; sharpness or fineness of voice.

SHRIL'LY, adverb Acutely, as sound; with a sharp sound or voice.

SHRIMP, verb transitive To contract. [Not in use.]

SHRIMP, noun [supra.]

1. A crustaceous animal of the genus Cancer. It has long slender feelers, claws with a single, hooked fang, and three pair of legs. It is esteemed delicious food.

2. A little wrinkled man; a dwarf; in contempt.

SHRINE, noun [Latin scrinium.] A case or box; particularly applied to a case in which sacred things are deposited. Hence we hear much of shrines for relics.

Come, offer at my shrine, and I will help thee. Shak.

SHRINK, verb intransitive preterit tense and participle passive shrunk. the old preterit tense shrank and participle passive shrunken are nearly obsolete.

To contract spontaneously; to draw or be drawn into less length, breadth or compass by an inherent power; as, woolen cloth shrinks in hot water; a flaxen of hempen line shrinks in a humid atmosphere. Many substances shrink by drying.

2. To shrivel; to become wrinkled by contraction; as th eskin.

3. To withdraw or retire, as from danger; to decline action from fear. A brave man never shrinks from danger; a good man does not shrink from duty.

4. To recoil, as in fear, horror or distress. My mind shrinks from the recital of our woes.

What happier natures shrink at with affright,

The hard inhabitant contends is right. Pope.

5. To express fear, horror or pain by shrugging or contracting the body.

SHRINK, verb transitive to cause to contract; as, to shrink by immersing it in boiling water.

O mighty Cesar, dost thou lie so low!

Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,

Shrunk to this little measure! Shak.

SHRINK, noun

1. Contraction; a spontaneous drawing into less compass; corrugation.

2. Contraction; a withdrawing from fear or horror.

SHRINK'AGE, noun A shrinking or contraction into a less compass. Make an allowance for the shrinkage of grain in drying.

SHRINK'ER, noun One that shrinks; one that withdraws from danger.

SHRINK'ING, participle present tense Contracting; drawing together; withdrawing from danger; declining to act from fear; causing to contract.

SHRIV'ALTY. [See Shrievalty.]

SHRIVE, verb transitive To hear or receive the confession of; to administer confession; as a priest.

He shrives this woman. Obs. Shak.

SHRIVEL, verb intransitive shriv'l. [from the root of rivel.] To comtract; to draw or be drawn into wrinkles; to shrink and form corrugations; as, a leaf shrivels in the hot sun; the skin shrivels with age.

SHRIV'EL, verb transitive To contract into wrinkles; to cause to shrink into corrugations. A scorching sun shrivels the blades of corn.

Snd shrivel'd herbs on withering stems decay. Dryden.

SHRIV'ELED, participle passive Contracted into wrinkles.

SHRIV'ELING, participle present tense Contracting into wrinkles.

SHRI'VER, noun [from shrive.] A confessor. Obs.

SHRI'VING, noun Shrift; confession taken. Obs.

SHROUD, noun

1. A shelter; a cover; that which covers, conceals or protects.

Swaddled, as new born, in sable shrouds. Sandys.

2. The dress of the dead; a winding sheet.

3. Shroud or shrouds of a ship, a range of large ropes extending from the head of a mast to the right and left sides of the ship, to support the mast; as the main shrouds; fore shrouds; mizen shrouds. There are also futtock shrouds, bowsprit shrouds, etc.

4. A branch of a tree. [Not proper.]

SHROUD, verb transitive

1. To cover; to shelter from danger or annoyance.

Under your beams I will me safely shroud. Spenser.

One of these trees with all its young ones, may shroud four hundred horsemen. Raleigh.

2. To dress for the grave; to cover; as a dead body.

The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrouded in several folds of linen besmeared with gums. Bacon.

3. To cover; to conceal to hide; as, to be shrouded in darkness.

-Some tempest rise,

And blow out all the stars that light the skies,

To shroud my name. Dryden.

4. To defend; to protect by hiding.

So Venus from prevailing Greeks did shroud

The hope of Rome, and saved him in a cloud. Waller.

5. To overwhelm; as, to be shrouded in despair.

6. To lop the branches of a tree. [Unusual or improper.]

SHROUD, verb intransitive To take shelter or harbor.

If your stray attendants be yet lodg'd

Or shroud within these limits- Milton.

SHROUD'ED, participle passive Dressed; covered; concealed; sheltered; overwhelmed.

SHROUD'ING, participle present tense Dressing; covering; cocealing; sheltering; overwhelming.

SHROUD'Y, adjective Affording shelter.

SHROVE, verb intransitive To join in the festivities of Shrove-tide. [Obs.]

SHRO'VING, noun The festivity of Shrove-tide.

SHRUB, noun A low dwarf tree; a woody plant of a size less than a tree; or more strictly, a plant with several permanent woody stems, dividing from the bottom, more slender and lower than trees.

Gooseberries and currants are shrubs; oaks and cherries are trees. Locke.

SHRUB, noun [Latin sorbeo.] A liquor composed of acid and sugar, with spirir to preserve it; usually the acid of lemons.

SHRUB, verb transitive To clear of shrubs.

SHRUB'BERY, noun

1. Shrubs in general.

2. A plantation of shrubs.

SHRUB'BY, adjective

1. Full of shrubs; as a shrubby plain.

2. Resembling a shrub; as plants shrubby and curled.

3. Consisting of shrubs or brush; as shrubby browze.

4. A shrubby plant is perennial, with several woody stems.

SHRUFF, noun Dross; recrement of metals. [Not in use.]

SHRUG, verb intransitive To raise or draw up the shoulders, as in expressing horror or dissatisfaction.

They grin, they shrug,

They bow, they snarl, they scratch, they hug. Swift.

SHRUG, noun A drawing up of the shoulders; a motion usually expressing dislike.

The Spaniards talk in dialogues

Of heads and shoulders, nods and shrugs. Hudibras.

SHRUG'GING, participle present tense Drawing up, as the shoulders.

SHRUNK, preterit tense and participle passive of shrink.

SHRUNK'EN, participle passive of shrink. [Nearly obsolete.]

SHUD'DER, verb intransitive [This word contains the same elements as the Latin quatio.] To quake; to tremble or shake with fear, horror or aversion; to shiver.

I love-alas! I shudder at the name. Smith.

SHUD'DER, noun A tremor; a shaking with fear or horror.

SHUD'DERING, participle present tense Trembling or shaking with fear or horror; quaking.

SHUF'FLE, verb transitive

1. Properly, to shove one way and the other; to push from one to another; as, to shuffle money from hand to hand.

2. To mix by pushing or shoving; to confuse; to throw into disorder; especially, to change the relatibe positions of cards in the pack.

A man may shuffle cards or rattle dice from noon to midnight, without tracing a new idea in his head. Rambler.

3. To remove or introduce by artificial confusion.

It was contrived by your enemies, and shuffled into the papers that were seized. Dryden.

To shuffle off, to push off; to rid one's self of. When you lay blame to a child, he will attempt to shuffle it off.

To shuffle up, to throw together in haste; to make up or form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder; as, he shuffled up a peace.

SHUF'FLE, verb intransitive

1. To change the relative position of cards in a pack by little shoves; as, to shuffle and cut.

2. To change the position; to shift ground; to prevaricate; to evade fair questions; to pratice shifts to elude detection.

Hiding my honor in my necessity, I am fain to shuffle. Shak.

3. To struggle; to shift.

Your life, good master,

Must shuffle for itself. Shak.

4. To move with an irregular gait; as a shuffling nag.

5. To shove the feet; to scrape the floor in dancing. [Vulgar.]

SHUF'FLE, noun

1. A shoving, pughing or jostling; the act of mixing and throwing into confusion by change of places.

The unguided agitation and rude shuffles of matter. Bentley.

2. An evasion; a trick; an artifice.

SHUF'FLED, participle passive Moved by little shoves; mixed.

SHUF'FLER, noun One that shuffles or prevaricates; one that plays tricks; one that shuffles cards.

SHUF'FLING, participle present tense

1. Moving by little shoves one way an the other; changing the places of cards; prevaricating; evading; playing tricks.

2. adjective Evasive; as a shuffling excuse.

SHUF'FLING, noun

1. The act of throwing into confusion, or of changing the relative position of things by shoving or motion.

2. Trick; artifice; evasion.

3. An irregular gait.

SHUF'FLINGLY, adverb With shuffling; with an irregular gait or pace.

SHUN, verb transitive

1. To avoid; to keep clear of; not to fall on or come in contact with; as, to shun rocks and shoals in navigation. In shunning Scylla, take care to avoid to avoid Charybdis.

2. To avoid; not to mix or associate with; as, to shun evil company.

3. To avoid; not to practice; as, to shun vice.

4. To avoid; to escape; as, to shun a blow.

5. To avoid; to decline; to neglect.

I haved not shunned to declare the whole counsel of God. Acts 20:1.

SHUN'LESS, adjective Not to be avoided; inevitable; unavoidable; as shunless destiny. [Little used.]

SHUN'NED, participle passive Avoided.

SHUN'NING, participle present tense Avoiding; keeping clear from; declining.

SHURK. [See Shark.]

SHUT, verb transitive pretand participle passive shut.

1. To close so as to hinder ingress or egress; as, to shut a door or gate; to shut the eyes or the mouth.

2. To prohibit; to bar; to forbid entrance into; as, to shut the ports of the kingdom by a blockade.

Shall that be shut to man, which to the beast

Is open? Milton.

3. To preclude; to exclude.

But shut from every shore. Dryden.

4. To close, as the fingers; to contract; as, to shut the hand.

To shut in, to inclose; to confine.

2. Spoken of points of land, when by the progress of a ship, one point is brought to cover or intercept the view of another. It is then said, we shut in such a point, we shut in the land; or one point shuts in another.

To shut out, to preclude from entering; to deny admission to; to exclude; as, to shut out rain by a tight roof. An interesting subject occupying the mind, shuts out all other thoughts.

To shut up, to close; to make fast the entrances into; as, to shut up a house.

2. To obstruct.

Dangerous rocks shut up the passage. Raleigh.

3. To confine; to imprison; to lock or fasten in; as, to shut up a prisoner.

4. To confine by legal or moral restraint.

Before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up to the faith, which should afterwards be revealed. Galatians 3:23.

5. To end; to terminate; to conclude.

When the scene of life is shut up, the slave will be above his master, if he has acted better. Collier.

SHUT, verb intransitive To close itself; to be closed. The door shuts of itself; it shuts hard. Certain flowers shut at night and open in the day.

SHUT, participle passive

1. Closed; having the entrance barred.

2. adjective Rid; clear; free.

SHUT, noun

1. Close; the act of closing; as the shut of a door; the shut of evening. [Little used.]

2. A small door or cover; But shutter is more generally used.

SHUT'TER, noun

1. A person that shuts or closes.

2. A door; a cover; something that closes a passage; as the shutters of a window.

SHUT'TING, participle present tense Closing; prohibiting entrance; confining.

SHUT'TLE, noun [from the root of shoot; Ice. skutul.] An instrument used by weavers for shooting the thread of the woof in weaving from one side of the cloth to the other, between the threads of the warp.

SHY, adjective

1. Fearful of near approach; keeping at a distance through caution or timidity; shunning approach; as a shy bird.

She is represented in a shy retiring posture. Addison.

2. Reserved; not familiar; coy; avoiding freedom of intercourse.

What makes you so shy, my good friend? Arbuthnot.

3. Cautious; wary; careful to avoid committing one's self or adopting measures.

I am very shy of using corrosive liquors in the preparation of medicines.

Boyle.

4. Suspicious; jealous.

Princes are by wisdom of state somewhat shy of their successors. Wotton.

SHY'LY, adverb In a shy or timid manner; not familiarity; with reserve.

SHY'NESS, noun Fear of near approach or of familiarity; reserve; coyness.