COACERVATE, verb transitive To heap up; to pile.

COACERVATE, adjective Heaped; raised into a pile; collected into a crowd.

COACERVATION, noun The act of heaping, or state of being heaped together.

COACH, noun A close vehicle for commodious traveling, borne on four wheels, and drawn by horses or other animals. It differs from a chariot in having seats in front, as well as behind. It is a carriage of state, or for pleasure, or for travelling.

Hackney-coach, a coach kept for hire. In some cities, they are licensed by authority, and numbered, and the rates of fare fixed by law.

Mail-coach, a coach that carries the public mails.

Stage-coach, a coach that regularly conveys passengers from town to town. [See Stage.]

COACH or COUCH, noun An apartment in a large ship of war near the stern, the roof of which is formed by the poop.

COACH, verb transitive To carry in a coach

COACHMAN, noun The person who drives a coach.

COACHMANSHIP, noun Skill in driving coaches.

COACT, verb intransitive To act together.

COACTED, participle passive or adjective Forced; compelled.

COACTION, noun Force; compulsion, either in restraining or impelling.

COACTIVE, adjective

1. Forcing; compulsory; having the power to impel or restrain.

2. Acting in concurrence.

COACTIVELY, adverb In a compulsory manner.

COADJUTANT, adjective Helping; mutually assisting or operating.

COADJUTOR, noun

1. One who aids another; an assistant; a fellow-helper; an associate in operation.

2. In the canon law, one who is empowered or appointed to perform the duties of another.

COADJUTRIX, noun A female assistant.

COADJUVANCY, noun Joint help; assistance; concurrent aid; cooperation.

COADUNATE, adjective In botany, coadunate leaves are several united at the base. The word is used also to denote one of the natural orders of plants in Lines system.

COADUNITION, noun The union of different substances in one mass.

COADVENTURER, noun A fellow adventurer.

COAFFOREST, verb transitive To convert ground into a forest.

COAGENT, noun An assistant or associate in an act.

COAGMENT, verb transitive To congregate or heap together.

COAGMENTATION, noun Collection into a mass or united body; union; conjunction.

COAGMENTED, adjective Congregated; heaped together; united in one mass.

COAGULABILITY, noun The capacity of being coagulated.

COAGULABLE, adjective [See Coagulate.] That may be concreted; capable of congealing or changing from a liquid to an inspissated state; as coagulable lymph.

COAGULATE, verb transitive To concrete; to curdle; to congeal; to change from a fluid into a fixed substance, or solid mass; as, to coagulate blood; rennet coagulates milk. This word is generally applied to the change of fluids into substances like curd or butter, of a moderate consistence, but not hard or impenetrable.

COAGULATE, verb intransitive To curdle or congeal; to turn from a fluid into a consistent state, or fixed substance; to thicken.

COAGULATION, noun The act of changing from a fluid to a fixed state; concretion; the state of being coagulated; the body formed by coagulating.

COAGULATIVE, adjective That has the power to cause concretion.

COAGULATOR, noun That which causes coagulation.

COAGULUM, noun Rennet; curd; the clot of blood, separated by cold, acid, etc.

COAITI, noun A species of monkey in South America.

COAK. [See Coke.]

COAL, noun

1. A piece of wood, or other combustible substance, ignited, burning, or charred. When burning or ignited, it is called a live coal or burning coal or coal of fire. When the fire is extinct, it is called charcoal.

2. In the language of chimists, any substance containing oil, which has been exposed to a fire in a close vessel, so that its volatile matter is expelled, and it can sustain a red heat without further decomposition.

3. In mineralogy, a solid, opake, inflammable substance, found in the earth, and by way of distinction called fossil coal It is divided by recent mineralogists into three species, anthracite or glance coal black or bituminous coal and brown coal or lignite; under which are included many varieties, such as cannel coal bovey coal jet, etc.

COAL, verb transitive

1. To burn to coal or charcoal; to char.

2. To mark or delineate with charcoal.

COALERY, noun A coal-mine, coal-pit, or place where coals are dug, with the engines and machinery used in discharging the water and raising the coal.

COALESCE, verb intransitive

1. To grow together; to unite, as separate bodies, or separate parts, into one body, as separate bones in an infant, or the fingers or toes.

2. To unite and adhere in one body or mass, by spontaneous approximation or attraction; as, vapors coalesce

3. To unite in society, in a more general sense,

The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other nations.

COALESCENCE, noun The act of growing together; the act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being united; union; concretion.

COALESCING, participle present tense Growing or coming together; uniting in a body or mass; uniting and adhering together.

COALIER.

COALITE, verb transitive To unite or coalesce.

COALITE, v.t. To unite or coalesce.

COALITION, noun

1. Union in a body or mass; a coming together, as of separate bodies or parts, and their union in one body or mass; as, a coalition of atoms or particles.

2. Union of individual persons, parties or states.

COALLIER. [See Collier.]

COALY, adjective Like coal; containing coal.

COAMINGS, noun In ships, the raised borders or edges of the hatches, made to prevent water from running into the lower apartments from the deck.

COAPPREHEND, verb transitive To apprehend with another.

COAPTATION, noun The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other.

COARCT,

COARCTATE, verb transitive

1. To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely.

2. To restrain; to confine.

COARCTATE, v.t.

COARCTATION, noun

1. Confinement; restraint to a narrow space.

2. Pressure; contraction.

3. Restraint of liberty.

COARSE, adjective

1. Thick; large or gross in bulk; comparatively of large diameter; as coarse thread or yarn; coarse hair; coarse sand. This seems to be the primary sense of the word; opposed to fine or slender. Hence,

2. Thick; rough; or made of coarse thread or yarn; as coarse cloth.

3. Not refined; not separated from grosser particles, or impurities; as coarse metal; coarse glass.

4. Rude; rough; unrefined; uncivil; as coarse manners.

5. Gross; not delicate.

The coarser tie of human law.

6. Rude; rough; unpolished; inelegant; applied to language.

7. Not nicely expert; not accomplished by art or education; as a coarse practitioner.

8. Mean; not nice; not refined or elegant; as a coarse perfume; a coarse diet.

COARSELY, adverb Roughly; without fineness or refinement; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly; without art or polish.

COARSENESS, noun

1. Largeness of size; thickness; as the coarseness of thread.

2. The quality of being made of coarse thread or yarn; whence thickness and roughness; as the coarseness of cloth.

3. Unrefined state; the state of being mixed with gross particles or impurities; as the coarseness of glass.

4. Roughness; grossness; rudeness; applied to manners; as the coarseness of a clown.

5. Grossness; want of refinement or delicacy; want of polish; as the coarseness of expression or of language.

6. Meanness; want of art in preparation; want of nicety; as the coarseness of food or of raiment.

COASSESSOR, noun [See Assess.] A joint assessor.

COASSUME, verb transitive [con and assume.] To assume something with another.

COAST, noun

1. The exterior line, limit or border of a country, as in Scripture. From the river to the uttermost sea shall your coast be. Deuteronomy 11:24. And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim. Numbers 24:24. Hence the word may signify the whole country within certain limits. Exodus 10:4.

2. The edge or margin of the land next to the sea; the sea-shore. This is the more common application of the word; and it seems to be used for sea-coast, the border of the sea. Hence it is never used for the bank of a river.

3. A side; applied to objects indefinitely, by Bacon and Newton. This is a correct use of the word, but now obsolete.

4. The country near the sea-shore; as, populous towns along the coast

The coast is clear, is a proverbial phrase signifying, the danger is over; the enemies have marched off, or left the coast

COAST, verb intransitive

1. To sail near a coast; to sail by or near the shore, or in sight of land.

The ancients coasted only in their navigation.

2. To sail from port to port in the same country.

COAST, verb transitive

1. To sail by or near to; as, to coast the American shore.

2. To draw near; to approach; to follow.

COASTED, participle passive Sailed by.

COASTER, noun

1. One who sails near the shore.

2. A vessel that is employed in sailing along a coast, or is licensed to navigate or trade from port to port in the same country. In the United States, coasting vessels of twenty tuns burthen and upwards must be enrolled at the custom house.

COASTING, participle present tense Sailing along or near a coast.

COAT, noun

1. An upper garment, of whatever material it may be made. The word is, in modern times, generally applied to the garment worn by men next over the vest.

God made coats of skin and clothed them. Genesis 3:21.

Jacob made Joseph a coat of many colors. Genesis 3:217.

He shall put on the holy linen coat Leviticus 16:4.

Goliath was armed with a coat of mail. 1 Samuel 17:5.

2. A petticoat; a garment worn by infants or young children.

3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or office.

Men of his coat should be minding their prayers.

So we say, men of his cloth.

4. External covering, as the fur or hair of a beast, the skin of serpents, the wool of sheep, etc.

5. A tunic of the eye; a membrane that serves as a cover; a tegument.

6. The division or layer of a bulbous root; as the coats of an onion.

7. A cover; a layer of any substance covering another; as a coat of tar, pitch or varnish; a coat of canvas round a mast; a coat of tin-foil.

8. That on which ensigns armorial are portrayed; usually called a coat of arms. Anciently knights wore a habit over their arms, reaching as low as the navel, open at the sides, with short sleeves, on which were the armories of the knights, embroidered in gold and silver, and enameled with beaten tin of various colors. This habit was diversified with bands and fillets of several colors, placed alternately, and called devises, as being divided and composed of several pieces sewed together. The representation of these is still called a coat of arms.

9. A coat of mail is a piece of armor, in form of a shirt, consisting of a net-work of iron rings.

10. A card; a coat-card is one on which a king, queen or knave is painted.

COAT, verb transitive

1. To cover or spread over with a layer of any substance; as, to coat a retort; to coat a ceiling; to coat a vial.

2. To cover with cloth or canvas; as, to coat a mast or a pump.

COATED, participle passive

1. Covered with a coat; loricated; covered or overspread with any thing that defends; clothed with a membrane.

2. Having concentric coats or layers, as a bulbous root.

COATI, noun An animal of South America, resembling the raccoon, but with a longer body and neck, shorter fur and smaller eyes; the Viverra nasua of Linne.

COATING, participle present tense Covering with a coat; overspreading.

COATING, noun

1. A covering, or the act of covering; lorication; any substance spread over for cover or defense; as the coating of a retort or of a vial.

2. Cloth for coats; as, merchants advertise an assortment of coatings.

COAX, verb transitive To wheedle; to flatter; to soothe, appease or persuade by flattery and foundling.

COAXED, participle passive Soothed or persuaded by flattery.

COAXER, noun A wheedler; a flatterer.

COAXING, participle present tense Wheedling; flattering.

COB, noun

1. The top or head; a covetous wretch; a foreign coin.

2. In America, the receptacle of the maiz, or American corn; a shoot in form of a pin or spike, on which grows the corn in rows. This receptacle, with the corn, is called the ear.

3. A sea-fowl, the sea-cob.

4. A ball or pellet for feeding fowls.

5. In some parts of England, a spider. Old Dutch, kop or koppe, a spider, retained in koppespin, spinnekop, a spider.

6. A horse not castrated; a strong poney.

COB, verb transitive In seamens language, to punish by striking the breech with a flat piece of wood, or with a board.

COBALT, noun A mineral of a reddish gray or grayish white color, very brittle, of a fine close grain, compact, but easily reducible to powder. It crystalizes in bundles of needles, arranged one over another. It is never found in a pure state; but usually as an oxyd, or combined with arsenic or its acid, with sulphur, iron, etc. Its ores are arranged under the following species, viz. Arsenical cobalt of a white color, passing to steel gray; its texture is granular, and when heated it exhales the odor of garlic: gray cobalt a compound of cobalt arsenic, iron, and sulphur, of a white color, with a tinge of red; its structure is foliated, and its crystals have a cube for their primitive form; sulphuret of cobalt compact and massive in its structure: oxyd of cobalt brown or brownish black, generally friable and earthy: sulphate and arseniate of cobalt both of red color, the former soluble in water. The impure oxyd of cobalt is called zaffer; but when fused with three parts of siliceous sand and an alkaline flux, it is converted into a blue glass, called smalt. The great use of cobalt is to give a permanent blue color to glass and enamels upon metals, porcelain and earthern wares.

COBALT-bloom, acicular arseniate of cobalt

COBALT-crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt

COBALTIC, adjective Pertaining to cobalt, or consisting of it; resembling cobalt, or containing it.

COBBLE,

COBBLE-STONE, noun A roundish stone; a pebble; supposed to be a fragment, rounded by the attrition of water. We give this name to stones of various sizes, from that of a hens egg or smaller, to that of large paving stones. These stones are called by the English copple-stones and bowlder-stones or bowlders. The latter name is among us known only in books.

COBBLE, verb transitive

1. To make or mend coarsely, as shoes; to botch.

2. To make or do clumsily or unhandily; as, a cobble rhymes.

COBBLER, noun

1. A mender of shoes.

2. A clumsy workman.

3. A mean person.

COBBLING, participle present tense Mending coarsely.

COBBY, adjective Stout; brisk.

COBCAL, noun A sandal worn by ladies in the east.

COBCOALS, noun Large round coals.

COBELLIGERENT, adjective [See Belligerent.] Carrying on war in conjunction with another power.

COBELLIGERENT, noun A nation or state that carries on war in connection with another.

COBIRON, noun [See Cob.] An andiron with a knob at the top.

COBISHOP, noun A joint or coadjutant bishop.

COBLE, noun A boat used in the herring fishery.

COBLOAF, noun A loaf that is irregular, uneven or crusty. Is it not a round loaf?

COBNUT, noun A boys play, or a hazle-nut so called, used in play; the conquering nut.

COBOOSE, noun [See Caboose.]

COBSTONE, noun [See Cobble.]

COBWEB, noun

1. The line, thread or filament which a spider spins from its abdomen; the net-work spread by a spider to catch its prey. Hence,

2. Any snare, implying insidiousness and weakness.

In this sense it is used adjectively or in composition, for thin, flimsy; as a cobweb law.

Or slender, feeble; as the cobweb thread of life.

COBWEBBED, noun

1. In botany, covered with a thick interwoven pubescence.

2. Covered with cobwebs.

COCALON, noun A large cocoon, of a weak texture.

COCCIFEROUS, adjective Bearing or producing berries; as cocciferous trees or plants.

COCCOLITE, noun A variety of augite or pyroxene; called by Hauy, granuliform pyroxene. Its color is usually some shade of green. It is composed of granular distinct concretions, easily separable, some of which present the appearance of crystals whose angles and edges have been obliterated.

Cocculus Indicus, the fruit of the Menispermum cocculus, a poisonous berry, often used in adulterating malt liquors.

COCHINEAL, noun An insect, the Coccus cacti, of the genus Coccus, a native of the warmer climates of America, particularly of Oaxaca, in Mexico. It is found on a plant called nopal or Indian fig-tree. The female, which alone is valued for its color, is ill-shaped, tardy and stupid; the male is small, slender and active. It is of the size of a tick. At a suitable time, these insects are gathered and put in a pot, where they are confined for some time, and then killed by the application of heat. These insects thus killed form a mass or drug, which is the proper cochineal of the shops. It is used in giving red colors, especially crimson and scarlet, and for making carmine. It has been used in medicine, as a cardiac, sudorific, alexipharmic and febrifuge; but is now used only to give a color to tinctures, etc.

COCHLEARY,

COCHLEATE,

COCHLEATED, adjective Having the form of a screw; spiral; turbinated; as a cochleate pod.

COCHLEATE,

COCHLITE, noun A fossil shell having a mouth like that of a snail.

COCK, noun

1. The male of birds, particularly of gallinaceous or domestic fowls, which having no appropriate or distinctive name, are called dunghill fowls or barn-door fowls.

2. A weather-cock; a vane in shape of a cock [It is usually called a weather-cock.]

3. A spout; an instrument to draw out or discharge liquor from a cask, vat or pipe; so named from its projection.

4. The projecting corner of a hat.

5. A small conical pile of hay, so shaped for shedding rain; called in England a cop. When hay is dry and rolled together for carting, the heaps are not generally called cocks, at least not in New England. A large conical pile is called a stack.

6. The style or gnomon of a dial.

7. The needle of a balance.

8. The piece which covers the balance in a clock or watch.

9. The notch of an arrow.

10. The part of a musket or other fire arm, to which a flint is attached, and which, being impelled by a spring, strikes fire, and opens the pan at the same time.

11. A small boat. It is now called a cock-boat, which is tautology, as cock itself is a bot.

12. A leader; a chief man.

Sir Andrew is the cock of the club.

13. Cock-crowing; the time when cocks crow in the morning.

COCK a hoop, or cock on the hoop, a phrase denoting triumph; triumphant; exulting.

COCK and a bull, a phrase denoting tedious trifling stories.

COCK, verb transitive

1. To set erect; to turn up; as, to cock the nose or ears.

2. To set the brim of a hat so as to make sharp corners or points; or to set up with an air of pertness.

3. To make up hay in small conical piles.

4. To set or draw back the cock of a gun, in order to fire.

COCK, verb intransitive

1. To hold up the head; to strut; to look big, pert, or menacing.

2. To train or use fighting cocks.

3. To cocker.

COCKADE, noun A ribin or knot of ribin, or something similar, worn on the hat, usually by officers of the army or navy, sometimes by others. It most usually designates the military character; sometimes political parties.

COCKADED, adjective Wearing a cockade.

COCKAL, noun A game called huckle bone.

COCKATRICE, noun A serpent imagined to proceed from a cocks egg.

COCKATTO noun A bird of the parrot kind.

COCKER, verb transitive To fondle; to indulge; to treat with tenderness; to pamper.

COCKER, noun

1. One who follows cock-fighting.

2. A sort of spatter-dash.

COCKEREL, noun A young cock.

COCKERING, noun Indulgence.

COCKET, adjective Brisk; pert.

COCKET, noun A seal of the custom-house; a royal seal; rather a scroll of parchment, sealed and delivered by the officers of the customhouse, to merchants, as a warrant that their merchandize is entered. The office of entry.

COCKING, noun Cock-fighting.

COCKLE, noun A plant or weed that grows among corn, the cornrose, a species of Agrostemma. It is also applied to the Lolium or darnel.

COCKLE, noun

1. A small testaceous shell; or rather a genus of shells, the Cardium. The general characteristics are; shells nearly equilateral and equivalvular; hinge with two small teeth, one on each side near the beak, and two larger remote lateral teeth, one on each side; prominent ribs running from the hinge to the edge of the valve.

2. A mineral; a name given by the Cornish miners to shirl or shorl.

3. A young cock.

COCKLE, verb intransitive or t. To contract into wrinkles; to shrink, pucker, or wrinkle, as cloth.

COCKLED, participle passive

1. Contracted into folds or wrinkles; winding.

2. Having shells.

COCKLER, noun One that takes and sells cockles.

COCKNEY, noun

1. A native of London, by way of contempt.

2. An effeminate, ignorant, despicable citizen.

COCKNEYLIKE, adjective Resembling the manners of a cockney.

COCKPIT, noun

1. A pit or area, where game cocks fight.

2. In ships of war, a room or apartment, in which the wounded men are dressed; situated near the after-hatchway, under the lower gun-deck. The fore-cockpit is a place leading to the magazine passage and the store room of the boatswain, gunner and carpenter.

COCKROACH, noun A genus of insects, the Blatta, of several species. They have four semicrustaceous wings, and resemble the beetle; the head is inflected towards the breast; the feelers are hard like bristles; the elytra and wings are plain and resemble parchment. These animals are very troublesome, as they enter chests of clothes, meal-tubs, pantries, and infest beds. They avoid the light, and have a very unsavory smell.

COCKSCOMB, noun

1. The caruncle or comb of a cock.

2. A plant. This name is given to the Celosia cristata, the Pedicularis or louse-wort, and the Rhinanthus, or yellow rattle.

3. A fop, or vain silly fellow. [See Coxcomb.]

COCKSHEAD, noun A plant, the Hedysarum or sainfoin.

COCKSHUT, noun The close of the day, when fowls go to roost.

COCKSPUR, noun Virginia hawthorn, a species of medlar.

COCKSURE, adjective Confidently certain.

COCKSWAIN, noun [See Swain.] An officer on board of a ship who has the care of the boat and the boats crew.

COCOA, noun A tree belonging to the genus Cocos, of the order of Palmae; and the fruit or nut of the tree. This tree grows in the warm climates of both the Indies. It rises to the highth of 60 feet, and the stem is like an apothecarys pestle, of equal thickness at the ends, but somewhat smaller in the middle. The bark is smooth, of a pale brown color, and the tree often leans to one side. The leaves or branches are 14 or 15 feet long, about 28 in number, winged, of a yellow color, straight and tapering. The nuts hang in clusters of a dozen each, on the top of the tree. The husk of this nut consists of strong, tough, stringy filaments, resembling coarse oakum. This covers a hard shell, which contains a white kernel that is wholesome food, and a liquor which is a cooling beverage.

COCOON, noun An oblong ball or case in which the silk-worm involves itself, formed by threads which compose silk.

COCTILE, adjective Made by baking, or exposing to heat, as a brick.

COCTION, noun The act of boiling or exposing to heat in liquor. In medicine, that alteration in the crude matter of a disease, which fits it for a discharge; digestion.

COD,

COD-FISH, noun A species of fish, of the genus Gadus, inhabiting northern seas, but particularly the banks of Newfoundland, and the shores of New England. [See Haddock.]

COD, noun

1. Any husk, envelop or case, containing the seeds of a plant; a pod.

2. A bag; the scrotum.

3. A pillow.

CODDED, adjective Inclosed in a cod.

CODDER, noun A gatherer of cods or peas.

CODDLE, verb transitive To parboil, or soften by the heat of water.

CODLE, verb transitive To make much of.

CODDY, adjective Husky.

CODE, noun

1. A collection of the laws and constitutions of the Roman emperors, made by order of Justinian, containing twelve books. The name is also given to other collections of Roman laws; as the Theodosian code Hence in general,

2. Any collection or digest of laws.

CODGER, noun A rustic; a clown; a miserly man.

CODICIL, noun A writing by way of supplement to a will.

CODILLE, noun A term at ombre, when the game is won.

CODLE,

CODLIN, noun An apple codled; or one suitable for codling, or used for that purpose.

CODLING, noun A young cod.

CODLIN, n. An apple codled; or one suitable for codling, or used for that purpose.

CODLING,

COEFFICACY, noun Joint efficacy; the power of two or more things acting together to produce an effect.

COEFFICIENCY, noun Cooperation; joint power of two or more things or causes, acting to the same end.

COEFFICIENT, noun

1. That which unites in action with something else to produce the same effect.

2. In algebra, a number or known quantity put before letters, or quantities, known or unknown, and into which it is supposed to be multiplied; as in 3x and ax, 3 and a are the coefficients of x.

3. In fluxions, the coefficient of any generating term is the quantity which arises from the division of that term by the generated quantity.

COEFFICIENTLY, adverb By cooperation.

COELIAC,

CELIAC, adjective Pertaining to the belly, or to the intestinal canal.

COELIAC artery is the artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm.

COELIAC passion, the lientery, a flux or diarrhoea of undigested food.

COELIAC vein, a vein of the intestinum rectum.

COEMPTION, noun The act of purchasing the whole quantity of any commodity.

COENJOY, verb transitive To enjoy together.

COEQUAL, adjective Equal with another person or thing; of the same rank, dignity or power.

COEQUAL, noun One who is equal to another.

COEQUALITY, noun The state of being equal with another; equality in rank, dignity or power.

COEQUALLY, adverb With joint equality.

COERCE,

1. To restrain by force; to keep from acting, or transgressing, particularly by moral force, as by law or authority; to repress.

2. To compel; to constrain.

These causes--coerced by those which preceded and coercing those which followed.

COERCED, participle passive Restrained by force; compelled.

COERCIBLE, adjective That may or ought to be restrained or compelled.

COERCING, participle present tense Restraining by force; constraining.

COERCION, noun Restraint, check, particularly by law or authority; compulsion; force.

COERCIVE, adjective

1. That has power to restrain, particularly by moral force, as of law or authority.

2. Compulsory; constraining; forcing.

COERCIVELY, adverb By constraint.

COESSENTIAL, adjective Partaking of the same essence.

We bless and magnify that coessential spirit, eternally proceeding from the father and son.

COESSENTIALITY, noun Participation of the same essence.

COESSENTIALLY, adverb In a coessential manner.

COESTABLISHMENT, noun Joint establishment.

COETANEOUS, adjective Of the same age with another; beginning to exist at the same time; with to. Every fault has penal effects, coetaneous to the act. But with may be preferable to to. This word is sometimes used as synonymous with cotemporary; but coetaneous seems properly to denote cotemporary in origin, rather than cotemporary in existence at any other period. It may however be used in both senses.

COETENRNAL, adjective Equally eternal with another.

COETERNALLY, adverb With equal eternity.

COETERNITY, noun Existence from eternity equal with another eternal being; equal eternity.

COEVAL, adjective Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same time; of equal age; usually and properly followed by with.

COEVAL, noun One of the same age; one who begins to exist at the same time. It is not properly used as synonymous with cotemporary.

COEVOUS, adjective The same as coeval, but not used.

COEXIST, verb intransitive To exist at the same time with another; followed by with.

COEXISTENCE, noun Existence at the same time with another; followed regularly by with.

COEXISTENT, adjective Existing at the same time with another; regularly followed by with.

COEXTEND, verb intransitive To extend through the same space or duration with another; to extend equally; as, one line coextends with another; or perhaps in a transitive sense, to coextend a line with another.

COEXTENDED, participle passive Being equally extended.

COEXTENDING, participle present tense Extending through the same space or duration with another.

COEXTENSION, noun The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally extended.

COEXTENSIVE, adjective Equally extensive; having equal extent.

COEXTENSIVENESS, noun Equal extension or extent.

COFFEE, noun

1. The berry of a tree belonging to the genus Coffea, growing in Arabia, Persia, and in other warm climates of Asia and America. It will grow to the highth of 16 or 18 feet, but its growth is generally stinted to five feet, for the convenience of gathering the fruit. The stem is upright, and covered with a light brown bark; the branches are horizontal and opposite, crossing each other at every joint, and forming a sort of pyramid. The flowers grow in clusters at the root of the leaves, and close to the branches; they are of a pure white and of an agreeable odor. The fruit which is a berry, grows in clusters, along the branches, under the axils of the leaves.

2. A drink made from the berry of the coffee-tree, by decoction. The berry is first roasted, and then ground in a mill, and boiled. The use of it is said to have been introduced into France by Thevenot, the traveler, and into England, in 1652, by a Greek servant, called Pasqua. The best coffee is said to be the Mocha coffee from Arabia Felix. The coffee of Java, Bourbon and the West Indies constitutes an important article of commerce.

COFFER, noun

1. A chest or trunk; and as a chest is customarily used for keeping money, hence,

2. A chest of money; a treasure.

3. In architecture, a square depression or sinking in each interval between the modillions of the Corinthian cornice, ordinarily filled with a rose, a pomegranate or other enrichment.

4. In fortification, a hollow lodgment across a dry moat, from 6 to 7 feet deep and from 16 to 18 broad; the upper part made of pieces of timber, raised two feet above the level of the moat; which little elevation has hurdles laden with earth for its covering, and serves as a parapet with embrasures. It is raised by the besieged to repulse besiegers when they endeavor to pass the ditch.

COFFERED, participle passive Laid up in a coffer.

COFFERER, noun The cofferer of the kings household in Great Britain, a principal officer of the court, next under the Controller. He was also a white-staff officer, and a member of the privy council. He had the special charge and oversight of the other officers of the household. This office is now suppressed, and the business is transacted by the lord steward and paymaster of the household.

COFFIN, noun

1. The chest or box in which a dead human body is buried, or deposited in a vault.

2. A mold of paste for a pie.

3. A paper case, in the form of a cone, used by grocers.

4. In farriery, the hollow part of a horses hoof; or the whole hoof above the coronet, including the coffin-bone, which is a small spungy bone in the midst of the hoof, and possessing the whole form of the hoof.

COFFIN, verb transitive To put in or inclose in a coffin

COFFINED, participle passive Inclosed in a coffin.

COFOUNDER, noun A joint founder.

COG, verb transitive

1. To flatter; to wheedle; to seduce or draw from, by adulation or artifice.

2. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; as, to cog in a word to serve a purpose.

To cog a die, to secure it so as to direct its fall; to falsify; to cheat in playing dice.

COG, verb intransitive

1. To deceive; to cheat; to lie.

2. To wheedle.

COG, noun The tooth of a wheel, by which it drives another wheel or body.

COG, verb transitive To fix a cog; to furnish with cogs.

COGENCY, noun Force; strength; power of compelling; literally, urgency, or driving. It is used chiefly of moral subjects, and in relation to force or pressure on the mid; as the cogency of motives or arguments.

COGENIAL, for congenial.

COGENT, adjective [See Cogency.]

1. Forcible, in a physical sense; as the cogent force of nature.

2. Urgent; pressing on the mind; forcible; powerful; not easily resisted; as a cogent reason, or argument.

The harmony of the universe furnishes cogent proofs of a deity.

COGENTLY, adverb With urgent force; with powerful impulse; forcibly.

COGGED, participle passive Flattered; deceived; cheated; thrust in deceitfully; falsified; furnished with cogs.

COGGER, noun A flatterer, or deceiver.

COGGERY, noun Trick; falsehood.

COGGING, participle present tense Wheedling; deceiving; cheating; inserting deceitfully; fixing cogs.

COGGING, noun Cheat; deception; fallacy.

COGGLE, noun A boat; a fishing boat. [See cock.]

COGITABLE, adjective [See Cogitate.] That may be thought on; that may be meditated on.

COGITATE, verb intransitive To think; to meditate.

COGITATION, noun

1. The act of thinking; thought; meditation; contemplation.

2. Thought directed to an object; purpose.

COGITATIVE, adjective

1. Thinking; having the power of thinking, or meditating; as a cogitative substance.

2. Given to thought, or contemplation.

COGNATE, adjective

1. Allied by blood; kindred by birth.

2. Related in origin; proceeding from the same stock; of the same family; as a cognate dialect.

3. Allied in the manner of formation or utterance; uttered by the same organs; as a cognate letter or round.

COGNATION, noun

1. In the civil law, kindred or natural relation between males and females, both descended from the same father; as agnation is the relation between males only descended from the same stock.

2. Kindred; relation by descent from the same original.

Pride and hardheartedness are of near cognation to ingratitude.

3. Relation; participation of the same nature.

COGNITION, noun Knowledge or certain knowledge, as from personal view or experience.

COGNITIVE, adjective Knowing, or apprehending by the understanding; as cognitive power.

COGNIZABLE, adjective

1. That falls or may fall under judicial notice; that may be heard, tried, and determined; as, a cause or action in cognizable before the circuit court.

These wrongs are cognizable by the ecclesiastical courts.

2. That falls or may fall under notice or observation; that may be known, perceived or apprehended.

The cause of many phenomena is not cognizable by the senses.

COGNIZANCE, noun

1. Judicial notice or knowledge; the hearing, trying and determining of a cause or action in court.

The court of kings bench takes cognizance of civil and criminal causes.

In the United States, the district courts have cognizance of maritime causes.

2. Jurisdiction, or right to try and determine causes.

The court of kings bench has original jurisdiction and cognizance of all actions of trespass vi et armis.

3. In law, an acknowledgment or confession; as in fines, the acknowledgment of the cognizor or deforciant, that the right to the land in question is in the plaintiff or cognizee, by gift or otherwise; in replevin, the acknowledgment of the defendant, that he took the goods, but alledging that he did it legally as the bailiff of another person who had a right to distrain.

4. A badge on the sleeve of a waterman or servant, by which he is known to belong to this or that nobleman or gentleman.

5. Knowledge or notice; perception; observation; as the cognizance of the senses.

6. Knowledge by recollection.

COGNIZEE, noun In law, one to whom a fine is acknowledged, or the plaintiff in an action for the assurance of land by fine.

COGNIZOR, noun One who acknowledges the right of the plaintiff or cognizee, in a fine; otherwise called the defendant or deforciant.

COGNOMINAL, adjective

1. Pertaining to a surname.

2. Having the same name.

COGNOMINATION, noun A surname; the name of a family; a name given from any accident or quality; as Alexander the Great.

COGNOSCENCE, noun [See Cognition.] Knowledge; the act or state of knowing.

COGNOSCIBLE, adjective That may be known.

COGNOSCITIVE, adjective Having the power of knowing.

COGUAR, noun A carnivorous quadruped of America.

COHABIT, verb intransitive

1. To dwell with; to inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place, or country.

2. To dwell or live together as husband and wife; usually or often applied to persons not legally married.

COHABITANT, noun One who dwells with another or in the same place.

COHABITATION, noun

1. The act or state of dwelling together or in the same place with another.

2. The state of living together as man and wife, without being legally married.

COHEIR, noun A joint heir; one who succeeds to a share of an inheritance, which is to be divided among two or more.

COHEIRESS, noun A female who inherits a share of an estate, which is to be divided among two or more heirs or heiresses; a joint heiress.

COHERE, verb intransitive

1. To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to hold fast, as parts of the same mass, or as two substances that attract each other. Thus, particles of clay cohere; polished surfaces of bodies cohere

2. To be well connected; to follow regularly in the natural order; to be suited in connection; as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of reasoning.

3. To suit; to be fitted; to agree.

COHERENCE,

COHERENCY, noun

1. A sticking, cleaving or hanging together; union of parts of the same body, or a cleaving together of two bodies, by means of attraction; applied to all substances, solid or fluid.

2. Connection; suitable connection or dependence, proceeding from the natural relation of parts or things to each other, as in the parts of a discourse, or of any system; consistency.

COHERENCY, n.

COHERENT, adjective

1. Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of bodies, solid or fluid.

2. Connected; united, by some relation in form or order; followed by to, but rather by with.

3. Suitable or suited; regularly adapted.

4. Consistent; having a due agreement of parts; as a coherent discourse. Or observing due agreement; as a coherent thinker or reasoner.

COHERENTLY, adverb In a coherent manner; with due connection or agreement of parts.

COHESIBILITY, noun The tendency which one part of matter evinces to unite with another part of matter, so as to form, out of different bodies, one common mass. It is opposed to divisibility.

COHESIBLE, adjective Capable of cohesion.

COHESION, noun s as z.

1. The act of sticking together; the state of being united by natural attraction, as the constituent particles of bodies which unite in a mass, by a natural tendency; one of the different species of attraction.

2. Connection; dependence; as the cohesion of ideas. But in this sense, see Coherence.

COHESIVE, adjective That has the power of sticking or cohering; tending to unite in a mass, and to resist separation.

COHESIVELY, adverb With cohesion.

COHESIVENESS, noun The quality of being cohesive; the quality of adhering together, as particles of matter.

COHOBATE, verb transitive Among chimists, to repeat the distillation of the same liquor or that from the same body, pouring the liquor back upon the matte remaining in the vessel.

COHOBATED, participle passive Repeatedly distilled.

COHOBATING, participle present tense Distilling repeatedly.

COHOBATION, noun The operation of repeatedly distilling the same liquor, or that from the same substance.

COHOES, OR COHOZE, noun A fall of water, or falls; a word of Indian origin in America.

COHORT, noun

1. Among the Romans, a body of about five or six hundred men; each cohort consisted of three maniples, and each maniple, of two centuries; and ten cohorts constituted a legion.

2. In poetry, a band or body of warriors.

COHORTATION, noun Exhortation; encouragement.

COHOES, or COHOZE noun A fall of water, or falls; a word of Indian origin in America.

COIF, noun A kind of caul, or cap, worn on the head, by sergeants at law, and others. Its chief use was to cover the clerical tonsure.

COIF, verb transitive To cover or dress with a coif

COIFED, adjective Wearing a coif.

COIFFURE, noun A head-dress.

COIGNE, for coin. [See coin, a corner.]

COIL, verb transitive To gather, as a line or cord into a circular form; to wind into a ring, as a serpent, or a rope.

COIL, noun

1. A rope gathered into a ring; on shipboard, a single turn or winding is called a fake, and a range of fakes is called a tier.

2. A noise, tumult, bustle.

COILED, participle passive Gathered into a circular form, as a rope or a serpent.

COILING, participle present tense Gathering or winding into a ring or circle.

COIN, noun

1. A corner; a jutting point, as of a wall.

Rustic coins, stones jutting from a wall for new buildings to be joined to.

2. A wedge for raising or lowering a piece of ordnance.

3. A wedge or piece of wood to lay between casks on shipboard.

COIN, noun Primarily, the die employed for stamping money. Hence,

1. Money stamped; a piece of metal, as gold, silver, copper, or other metal, converted into money, by impressing on it marks, figures or characters. To make good money, these impressions must be made under the authority of government. That which is stamped without authority is called false or counterfeit coin Formerly, all coin was made by hammering; but it is now impressed by a machine or mill.

Current coin is coin legally stamped and circulating in trade.

Ancient coins are chiefly those of the Jews, Greeks and Romans, which are kept in cabinets as curiosities.

2. In architecture, a kind of die cut diagonally, after the manner of a flight of a stair case, serving at bottom to support columns in a level, and at top to correct the inclination of an entablature supporting a vault.

3. That which serves for payment.

The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in a nobler coin

COIN, verb transitive

1. To stamp a metal, and convert it into money; to mint.

2. To make; as, to coin words.

3. To make; to forge; to fabricate; in an ill sense; as, to coin a lie; to coin a fable.

COINAGE,

COINCIDE, verb intransitive

1. To fall or to meet in the same point, as two lines, or bodies; followed by with.

If the equator and the ecliptic had coincided, it would have rendered the annual revolution of the earth useless.

2. To concur; to be consistent with; to agree.

The rules of right judgment and of good ratiocination often coincide with each other.

The judges did not coincide in opinion.

COINCIDE, v.i.

COINCIDENCE, noun

1. The falling or meeting of two or more lines, surfaces, or bodies in the same point.

2. Concurrence; consistency; agreement; as the coincidence of two or more opinions; coincidence of evidences.

3. A meeting of events in time; concurrence; a happening at the same time; as coincidence of events.

COINCIDENT, adjective

1. Falling on the same point; meeting as lines, surfaces or bodies; followed by with.

2. Concurrent; consistent; agreeable to; followed by with.

Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly coincident with the ruling principles of a virtuous man.

COINCIDER, noun He or that which coincides or concurs.

COINCIDING, participle present tense Meeting in the same point; agreeing; concurring.

COINDICATION, noun In medicine, a sign or symptom, which, with other signs, assists to show the nature of the disease, and the proper remedy; a concurrent sign or symptom.

COINED, participle passive Struck or stamped, as money; made; invented; forged.

COINER, noun

1. One who stamps coin; a minter; a maker of money.

2. A counterfeiter of the legal coin; a maker of base money.

3. An inventor or maker, as of words.

COINING, participle present tense Stamping money; making inventing; forging; fabricating.

COINING, noun

1. The act, art or practice of stamping money.

2. Coin; money coined; stamped and legitimated metal for a circulating medium.

3. Coins of a particular stamp; as the coinage of George III.

4. The charges or expense of coining money.

5. A making; new production; formation; as the coinage of words.

6. Invention; forgery; fabrication.

This is the very coinage of your brain.

COINQUINATE, verb transitive To pollute.

COINQUINATION, noun Defilement.

COIGNE or COINY verb intransitive To live by extortion.

COISTRIL, noun

1. A coward; a runaway.

2. A young lad.

COIT, noun A quoit, which see.

COITING. [See Quoit.]

COITION, noun A coming together; chiefly the venereal intercourse of the sexes; copulation.

COJOIN, verb transitive To join with another in the same office.

COJUROR, noun One who swears to anothers credibility.

COKE, noun Fossil coal charred, or deprived of its bitumen, sulphur or other extraneous or volatile matter by fire, and thus prepared for exciting intense heat.

COLANDER, noun A vessel with a bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquors. In America, this name is given, I believe, exclusively to a vessel of tin, or other metal. In Great Britain, the name is given to vessels, like sieves, made with hair, osiers or twigs.

COLATION, noun The act of straining, or purifying liquor, by passing it through a perforated vessel.

COLATURE, noun The act of straining; the matter strained.

COLBERTINE, noun A kind of lace worn by women.

COLCOTHAR, noun The brown red oxyd of iron which remains after the distillation of the acid from sulphate of iron; used for polishing glass and other substances. It is called by artists crocus, or crocus martis.

The sulphate of iron is called colcothar or chalcite, when the calcination has been carried so far as to drive off a considerable part of the acid.

COLD, adjective

1. Not warm or hot; gelid, frigid; a relative term. A substance is cold to the touch, when it is less warm then the body, and when in contact, the heat of the body passes from the body to the substance; as cold air; a cold stone; cold water. It denotes a greater degree of the quality than cool.

2. Having the sensation of cold; chill; shivering, or inclined to shiver; as, I am cold

3. Having cold qualities; as a cold plant.

4. Frigid; wanting passion, zeal ro ardor; indifferent; unconcerned; not animated, or easily excited into action; as a cold spectator; a cold Christian; a cold lover, or friend; a cold temper.

Thou art neither cold nor hot. Revelation 3:15.

5. Not moving; unaffecting; not animated; not able to excite feeling; spiritless; as a cold discourse; a cold jest.

6. Reserved; coy; not affectionate, cordial or friendly; indicating indifference; as a cold look; a cold return of civilities; a cold reception.

7. Not heated by sensual desire.

8. Not hasty; not violent.

9. Not affecting the scent strongly.

10. Not having the scent strongly affected.

COLD, noun

1. The sensation produced in animal bodies by the escape of heat, and the consequent contraction of the fine vessels. Also, the cause of that sensation. Heat expands the vessels, and cold contracts them; and the transition from an expanded to a contracted state is accompanied with a sensation to which, as well as to the cause of it, we give the denomination of cold Hence cold is a privation of heat, or the cause of it.

2. A shivering; the effect of the contraction of the fine vessels of the body; chilliness, or chillness.

3. A disease; indisposition occasioned by cold; catarrh.

COLDLY, adverb In a cold manner; without warmth; without concern; without ardor or animation; without apparent passion, emotion or feeling; with indifference or negligence; as, to answer one coldly; a proposition is coldly received.

COLDNESS, noun

1. Want of heat; as the coldness or water or air. When the heat or temperature of any substance is less than that of the animal body exposed to it, that state or temperature is called coldness

2. Unconcern; indifference; a frigid state of temper; want of ardor, zeal, emotion, animation, or spirit; negligence; as, to receive an answer with coldness; to listen with coldness

3. Want of apparent affection, or kindness; as, to receive a friend with coldness

4. Coyness; reserve; indifference; as, to receive addresses with coldness

5. Want of sensual desire; frigidity; chastity.

COLE, noun The general name of all sorts of cabbage or brassica; but we generally use it in its compounds, cole-wort, cauliflower, etc.

COLEOPTER, TERA, noun The coleopters, in Linnes system of entomology, are an order of insects, having crustaceous elytra or shells, which shut and form a longitudinal suture along the back, as the beetle.

COLEOPTERAL, adjective Having wings covered with a case or sheath, which shuts as above.

COLIC, noun In general, a severe pain in the bowels, of which there are several varieties; as bilious colic hysteric colic nervous colic and many others.

COLICAL, adjective Affecting the bowels.

COLIN, noun A bird of the partridge kind, found in America and the West Indies, called.

COLL, verb transitive To embrace.

COLLAPSE, verb intransitive To fall together, as the two sides of a vessel; to close by falling together; as, the fine canals or vessels of the body collapse in old age.

COLLAPSED, participle passive Fallen together; closed.

COLLAPSION, noun A state of falling together; a state of vessels closed.

COLLAR, noun

1. Something worn round the neck, as a ring of metal, or a chain. The knights of several orders wear a chain of gold, enameled, and sometimes set with ciphers or other devices, to which the badge of the order is appended.

2. The part of a garment which surrounds the neck. Job 30:18.

3. A part of a harness for the neck of a horse or other beast, used in draught.

4. Among seamen, the upper part of a stay; also, a rope in form of a wreath to which a stay is confined.

To slip the collar is to escape or get free; to disentangle ones self from difficulty, labor, or engagement.

A collar of brawn, is the quantity bound up in one parcel.

COLLAR, verb transitive

1. To seize by the collar

2. To put a collar on.

To collar beef or other meat, is to roll it up and bind it close with a string.

COLLARAGE, noun A tax or fine laid for the collars of wine-drawing horses.

COLLARED, participle passive

1. Seized by the collar.

2. Having a collar on the neck.

COLLATE, verb transitive Literally, to bring or lay together. Hence,

1. To lay together and compare, by examining the points in which two or more things of a similar kind agree or disagree; applied particularly to manuscripts and books; as, to collate copies of the Hebrew Scriptures.

2. To confer or bestow a benefice on a clergyman, by a bishop who has it in his own gift or patronage; or more strictly, to present and institute a clergyman in a benefice, when the same person is both the ordinary and the patron; followed by to.

If the patron neglects to present, the bishop may collate his clerk to the church.

3. To bestow or confer; but now seldom used, except as in the second definition.

COLLATE, verb intransitive To place in a benefice, as by a bishop.

If the bishop neglects to collate within six months, the right to do it devolves on the archbishop.

COLLATED, participle passive Laid together and compared; examined by comparing; presented and instituted, as a clergyman, to a benefice.

COLLATERAL, adjective

1. Being by the side, side by side, on the side, or side to side.

In his bright radiance and collateral light

Must I be comforted, not in his sphere.

COLLATERAL pressure is pressure on the side. So we say, collateral circumstances, circumstances which accompany a principal event.

2. In genealogy, descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not one from the other; as distinguished from lineal. Lineal descendants proceed one from another in a direct line; collateral relations spring from a common ancestor, but from different branches of that common stirps or stock. Thus the children of brothers are collateral relations, having different fathers, but a common grandfather.

3. collateral security, is security for the performance of covenants or the payment of money, besides the principal security.

4. Running parallel.

5. Diffused on either side; springing from relations; as, collateral love.

6. Not direct, or immediate.

If by direct or collateral hand.

7. Concurrent; as, collateral strength.

COLLATERAL, noun A collateral relation or kinsman.

COLLATERALLY, adverb

1. Side by side; or by the side.

2. Indirectly.

3. In collateral relation; not in a direct line; not lineally.

COLLATERALNESS, noun The state of being collateral.

COLLATING, participle present tense Comparing; presenting and instituting.

COLLATION, noun

1. The act of bringing or laying together, and comparing; a comparison of one copy or thing of a like kind with another.

2. The act of conferring or bestowing; a gift.

3. In the canon law, the presentation of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own gift or patronage. collation includes both presentation and institution. When the patron of a church is not a bishop, he presents his clerk for admission, and the bishop institutes him; but if a bishop is the patron, his presentation and institution are one act and are called collation

4. In common law, the presentation of a copy to its original, and a comparison made by examination, to ascertain its conformity; also, the report of the act made by the proper officers.

5. In Scots law, the right which an heir has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equally with others who are of the same degree of kindred.

6. A repast between full meals; as a cold collation

COLLATION of seals, denotes one seal set on the same label, on the reverse of another.

COLLATIVE, adjective Advowsons are presentative, collative or donative. An advowson collative is where the bishop and patron are one and the same person; in which case the bishop cannot present to himself, but he does, by one act of collation or conferring the benefice, the whole that is done, in common cases, by both presentation and institution.

COLLATOR, noun

1. One who collates or compares manuscripts or copies of books.

2. One who collates to a benefice, as when the ordinary and patron are the same person.

COLLAUD, verb transitive To unite in praising.

COLLEAGUE, noun A partner or associate in the same office, employment or commission, civil or ecclesiastical.

It is never used of partners in trade or manufactures.

COLLEAGUE, verb transitive To unite with in the same office.

COLLEAGUED, participle passive United as an associate in the same office.

COLLEAGUESHIP, noun Partnership in office.

COLLECT, verb transitive

1. To gather, as separate persons or things, into one body or place; to assemble or bring together; as, to collect men into an army; to collect ideas; to collect particulars into one sum.

2. To gain by observation or information.

From all that can be collected, the public peace will not soon be interrupted.

3. To gather from premises; to infer as a consequence.

Which consequence, I conceive, is very ill collected.

4. To gather money or revenue from debtors; to demand and receive; as, to collect taxes; to collect the customs; to collect accounts, or debts.

5. To gather, as crops; to reap, mow or pick, and secure in proper repositories; as, to collect hay, corn or fruits.

6. To draw together; to bring into united action; as, to collect all the strength, or all the powers of the mind.

7. To obtain from contribution.

To collect ones self, is to recover from surprise, or a disconcerted state; to gain command over the thoughts, when dispersed; over the passions, when tumultuous; or the mind, when dismayed.

COLLECT, verb intransitive To run together; to accumulate; as, pus collects in an abscess; sand or snow collects in banks.

COLLECT, noun

1. A short comprehensive prayer; a prayer adapted to a particular day or occasion.

2. A collection or gathering of money.

COLLECTANEOUS, adjective Gathered; collected.

COLLECTED, participle passive

1. Gathered; assembled; congregated; drawn together.

2. Recovered from surprise or dismay; not disconcerted; cool; firm; prepared.

COLLECTEDLY, adverb In one view; together; in one body.

COLLECTEDNESS, noun A collected state of the mind; recovery from surprise.

COLLECTIBLE, adjective

1. That may be collected or gathered; that may be inferred.

2. That may be gathered or recovered; as, the debts or taxes are or are not collectible

COLLECTING, participle present tense Gathering; drawing together; assembling.

COLLECTION, noun

1. The act of gathering, or assembling.

2. The body formed by gathering; an assemblage, or assembly; a crowd; as a collection of men.

3. A contribution; a sum collected for a charitable purpose.

Now concerning the collection for the saints. 1 Corinthians 16:1.

4. A gathering, as of matter in an abscess.

5. The act of deducing consequences; reasoning; inference.

6. A corollary; a consectary; a deduction from premises; consequence.

7. A book compiled from other books, by the putting together of parts; a compilation; as a collection of essays or sermons.

COLLECTIVE, adjective

1. Formed by gathering; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; congregated, or aggregated.

2. Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring.

3. In grammar, expressing an number or multitude united; as a collective noun or name, which, though in the singular number itself, denotes more than one; as, company, army, troop, assembly.

COLLECTIVELY, adverb In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly; in a state of combination; as the citizens of a state collectively considered.

COLLECTIVENESS, noun A state of union; mass.

COLLECTOR, noun

1. One who collects or gathers things which are scattered or separate.

2. A compiler; one who gathers and puts together parts of books, or scattered pieces, in one book.

3. In botany, one who gathers plants, without studying botany as a science.

4. An officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes or toll.

5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, who is appointed to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent.

COLLECTORSHIP, noun

1. The office of a collector of customs or taxes.

2. The jurisdiction of a collector.

COLLEGATARY, noun In the civil law, a person who has a legacy left to him in common with one or more other persons.

COLLEGE, noun In its primary sense, a collection, or assembly. Hence,

1. In a general sense, a collection, assemblage or society of men, invested with certain powers and rights, performing certain duties, or engaged in some common employment, or pursuit.

2.In a particular sense, an assembly for a political or ecclesiastical purpose as the college of Electors or their deputies at the diet in Ratisbon. So also, the college of princes, or their deputies; the college of cities, or deputies of the Imperial cities; the college of Cardinals, or sacred college In Russia, the denomination, college is given to councils of state, courts or assemblies of men intrusted with the administration of the government, and called Imperial college; the college of foreign affairs; the college of war; the admiralty college; the college of justice; the college of commerce; the medical college

In Great Britain and the United States of America, a society of physicians is called a college So also there are colleges of surgeons; and in Britain, a college of philosophy, a college of heralds, a college of justice, etc. Colleges of these kinds are usually incorporated or established by the supreme power of the state.

3. An edifice appropriated to the use of students, who are acquiring the languages and sciences.

4. The society of persons engaged in the pursuits of literature, including the officers and students. Societies of this kind are incorporated and endowed with revenues.

5. In foreign universities, a public lecture.

COLLEGIAL, adjective Relating to a college; belonging to a college; having the properties of a college.

COLLEGIATE, adjective

1. Pertaining to a college; as collegiate studies.

2. Containing a college; instituted after the manner of a college; as a collegiate society.

3. A collegiate church is one that has no bishops see; but has the ancient retinue of a bishop, canons and prebends. Of these some are of royal, others of ecclesiastical foundation; and each is regulated, in matters of divine service, as a cathedral. Some of these were anciently abbeys which have been secularized.

COLLEGIATE, noun The member of a college.

COLLET, noun

1. Among jewelers, the horizontal face or plane at the bottom of brilliants; or the part of a ring in which the stone is set.

2. In glass-making, that part of glass vessels which sticks to the iron instrument used in taking the substance from the melting-pot.

3. Anciently, a band or collar.

4. A term used by turners.

COLLETIC, adjective Having the property of gluing; agglutinant.

COLLETIC, noun An agglutinant.

COLLIDE, verb intransitive To strike or dash against each other.

COLLIER, noun

1. A digger of coal; one who works in a coal-mine.

2. A coal-merchant or dealer in coal.

3. A coasting vessel employed in the coal trade, or in transporting coal from the ports where it is received from the mines, to the ports where it is purchased for consumption.

COLLIERY, noun

1. The place where coal is dug.

2. The coal trade.

COLLIFLOWER. [See Cauliflower.]

COLLIGATE, verb transitive To tie or bind together.

The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows.

COLLIGATED, participle passive Tied or bound together.

COLLIGATING, participle present tense Binding together.

COLLIGATION, noun A binding together.

COLLIMATION, noun The act of aiming at a mark; aim; the act of leveling, or of directing the sight to a fixed object.

COLLINEATION, noun The act of aiming, or directing in a line to a fixed object.

COLLING, noun An embrace; dalliance.

COLLIQUABLE, adjective That may be liquefied, or melted; liable to melt, grow soft, or become fluid.

COLLIQUAMENT, noun

1. The substance formed by melting; that which is melted.

2. Technically, the fetal part of an egg; the transparent fluid in an egg, containing the first rudiments of the chick.

3. The first rudiments of an embryo in generation.

COLLIQUANT, adjective That has the power of dissolving or melting.

COLLIQUATE, verb intransitive To melt; to dissolve; to change from solid to fluid; to become liquid.

COLLIQUATE, verb transitive To melt or dissolve.

COLLIQUATED, participle passive Melted; dissolved; turned from a solid to a fluid substance.

COLLIQUATING, participle present tense Melting; dissolving.

COLLIQUATION, noun

1. The act of melting.

2. A dissolving, flowing or wasting; applied to the blood, when it does not readily coagulate, and to the solid parts, when they waste away by excessive secretion, occasioning fluxes and profuse, clammy sweats.

COLLIQUATIVE, adjective Melting; dissolving; appropriately indicating a morbid discharge of the animal fluids; as a colliquative fever, which is accompanied with diarrhoea, or profuse sweats; a colliquative sweat is a profuse clammy sweat.

COLLIQUEFACTION, noun A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion.

COLLISION, noun s as z.

1. The act of striking together; a striking together of two hard bodies.

2. The state of being struck together; a clashing. Hence,

3. Opposition; interference; as a collision of interests or of parties.

4. A running against each other, as ships at sea.

COLLOCATE, verb transitive To set or place; to set; to station.

COLLOCATE, adjective Set; placed.

COLLOCATED, participle passive Placed.

COLLOCATING, participle present tense Setting; placing.

COLLOCATION, noun

1. A setting; the act of placing; disposition in place.

2. The state of being placed, or placed with something else.

COLLOCUTION, noun A speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual discourse.

COLLOCUTOR, noun One of the speakers in a dialogue.

COLLOGUE, verb transitive To wheedle.

COLLOP, noun

1. A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.

2. In burlesque, a child.

In Job 15:27, it seems to have the sense of a thick piece or fleshy lump. He maketh collops of fat on his flanks. This is the sense of the word in noun England.

COLLOQUIAL, adjective [See Colloquy.] Pertaining to common conversation, or to mutual discourse; as colloquial language; a colloquial phrase.

COLLOQUIST, noun A speaker in a dialogue.

COLLOQUY, noun Conversation; mutual discourse of two or more; conference; dialogue.

COLLOW. [See Colly.]

COLLUCATATION, noun A struggling to resist; contest; resistance; opposition; contrariety.

COLLUCTANCY, noun A struggling to resist; a striving against; resistance; opposition of nature.

COLLUDE, verb intransitive To play into the hand of each other; to conspire in a fraud; to act in concert.

COLLUDER, noun One who conspires in a fraud.

COLLUDING, participle present tense Conspiring with another in a fraud.

COLLUDING, noun A trick; collusion.

COLLUSION, noun s as z.

1. In law, a deceitful agreement or compact between two or more persons, for the one party to bring an action against the other, for some evil purpose, as to defraud a third person of his right.

A secret understanding between two parties, who plead or proceed fraudulently against each other, to the prejudice of a third person.

2. In general, a secret agreement for a fraudulent purpose.

COLLUSIVE, adjective Fraudulently concerted between two or more; as a collusive agreement.

COLLUSIVELY, adverb By collusion; by secret agreement to defraud.

COLLUSIVENESS, noun The quality of being collusive.

COLLUSORY, adjective Carrying on a fraud by a secret concert; containing collusion.

COLLY,

COLLOW, noun The black grime or soot of coal or burnt wood.

COLLY, verb transitive To make foul; to grime with the smut of coal.

COLLYRITE, noun A variety of clay, of a white color, with shades of gray, red, or yellow.

COLLYRIUM, noun Eye-salve; eye-wash; a topical remedy for disorders of the eyes.

COLMAR, noun A sort of pear.

COLOCYNTH, noun The coloquintida, or bitter apple of the shops, a kind of gourd, from Aleppo and from Crete. It contains a bitter pulp, which is a drastic purge.

COLOMBO, noun A root from colombo in Ceylon. Its smell is aromatic, and its taste pungent and bitter. It is much esteemed as a tonic in dyspeptic and bilious diseases.

COLON, noun

1. In anatomy, the largest of the intestines, or rather the largest division of the intestinal canal; beginning at the ceecum, and ascending by the right kidney, it passes under the hollow part of the liver, and the bottom of the stomach, to the spleen; thence descending by the left kidney, it passes, in the form of an S, to the upper part of the os sacrum, where, from its straight course, the canal takes the name of rectum.

2. In grammar, a point or character formed thus [: ], used to mark a pause, greater than that of a semicolon, but less than that of a period; or rather it is used when the sense of the division of a period is complete, so as to admit a full point; but something is added by way of illustration, or the description is continued by an additional remark, without a necessary dependence on the foregoing members of the sentence. Thus,

A brute arrives at a point of perfection he can never pass: in a few years he has all the endowments he is capable of.

The colon is often used before an address, quotation or example. Mr. Gray was followed by Mr. Erskine, who spoke thus: I rise to second the motion of my honorable friend. But the propriety of this depends on the pause, and this depends on the form of introducing the quotation; for after say, said, or a like word, the colon is not used, and seems to be improper. Thus in our version of the scriptures, such members are almost invariably followed by a comma. But Jesus said to them, Ye know not what ye ask.

The use of the colon is not uniform; nor is it easily defined and reduced to rules. Indeed the use of it might be dispensed with without much inconvenience.

COLONEL, noun The chief commander of a regiment of troops, whether infantry or cavalry. He ranks next below a brigadier-general. In England, colonel-lieutenant is the commander of a regiment of guards, of which the king, prince or other person of eminence is colonel Lieutenant-colonel is the second officer in a regiment, and commands it in the absence of the colonel

COLONELSHIP, noun The office, rank or commission of a colonel.

COLONIAL, adjective [See Colony.] Pertaining to a colony; as colonial government; colonial rights.

COLONIST, noun [See Colony.] An inhabitant of a colony.

COLONIZATION, noun The act of colonizing, or state of being colonized.

COLONIZE, verb transitive

1. To plant or establish a colony in; to plant or settle a number of the subjects of a kingdom or state in a remote country, for the purpose of cultivation, commerce or defense, and for permanent residence.

The Greeks colonized the South of Italy and of France.

2. To migrate and settle in, as inhabitants. English Puritans colonized New England.

COLONIZED, participle passive Settle or planted with a colony.

COLONIZING, participle present tense Planting with a colony.

COLONIZING, noun The act of establishing a colony.

This state paper has been adopted as the basis of all her later colonizings.

COLONNADE, noun

1. In architecture, a peristyle of a circular figure, or a series of columns, disposed in a circle, and insulated within side.

2. Any series of range of columns.

A polystyle colonnade is a range of columns too great to be taken in by the eye at a single view; as that of the palace of St. Peter at Rome, consisting of 284 columns of the Doric order.

COLONY, noun

1. A company or body of people transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or country to cultivate and inhabit it, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state; as the British colonies in America or the Indies; the Spanish colonies in South America. When such settlements cease to be subject to the parent state, they are no longer denominated colonies.

The first settles of New England were the best of Englishmen, well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty. There was never a colony formed of better materials.

2. The country planted or colonized; a plantation; also, the body of inhabitants in a territory colonized, including the descendants of the first planters. The people, though born in the territory, retain the name of colonists, till they cease to be subjects of the parent state.

3. A collection of animals; as colonies of shell-fish.

COLOPHON, noun The conclusion of a book, formerly containing the place or year, or both, of its publication.

COLOPHONITE, noun A variety of garnet, of a reddish yellow or brown color, occurring in small amorphous granular masses.

COLOPHONY, noun In pharmacy, black resin or turpentine boiled in water and dried; or the residuum, after distillation of the etherial oil of turpentine, being further urged by a more intense and long continued fire. It is so named from Colophon in Ionia, whence the best was formerly brought.

COLOQUINTIDA, noun The colocynth or bitter apple, the fruit of a plant of the genus Cucumis, a native of Syria and of Crete. It is of the size of a large orange, containing a pulp which is violently purgative, but sometimes useful as a medicine.

COLOR, noun

1. In physics, a property inherent in light, which, by a difference in the rays and the laws of refraction, or some other cause, gives to bodies particular appearances to the eye. The principal colors are red, orange, yellow, green blue, indigo and violet. White is not properly a color; as a white body reflects the rays of light without separating them. Black bodies, on the contrary, absorb all the rays, or nearly all, and therefore black is no distinct color But in common discourse, white and black are denominated colors; and all the colors admit of many shades of difference.

2. Appearance of a body to the eye, or a quality of sensation, caused by the rays of light; hue; dye; as the color of gold, or of indigo.

3. A red color; the freshness or appearance of blood in the face.

My cheeks no longer did their color boast.

4. Appearance to the mind; as, prejudice puts a false color upon objects.

5. Superficial cover; palliation; that which serves to give an appearance of right; as, their sin admitted no color or excuse.

6. External appearance; false show; pretense; guise.

Under the color of commending him,

I have access my own love to prefer.

7. Kind; species; character; complexion.

Boys and women are, for the most part, cattle of this color

8. That which is used for coloring; paint; as red lead, ocher, orpiment, cinnabar, or vermilion, etc.

9. Colors, with a plural termination, in the military art, a flag, ensign or standard, borne in an army or fleet. [See Flag.]

10. In law, color in pleading is when the defendant in assize or trespass, gives to the plaintiff a color or appearance of title, by stating his title specially; thus removing the cause from the jury to the court.

Water-colors are such as are used in painting with gum-water or size, without being mixed with oil.

COLOR, verb transitive

1. To change or alter the external appearance of a body or substance; to dye; to tinge; to paint; to stain; as, to color cloth. Generally, to color is to change from white to some other color

2. To give a specious appearance; to set in a fair light; to palliate; to excuse.

He colors the falsehood of Aeneas by an express command of Jupiter to forsake the queen.

3. To make plausible; to exaggerate in representation.

To color a strangers good, is when a freeman allows a foreigner to enter goods at the custom house in his name, to avoid the aliens duty.

COLOR, verb intransitive To blush.

COLORABLE, adverb Speciously; plausibly; with a fair external appearance.

COLORATE, adjective Colored; dyed; or tinged with some color.

COLORATION, noun The art or practice of coloring, or the state of being colored.

COLORATURE, noun In music, all manner of variations, trills, etc., intended to make a song agreeable.

COLORED, participle passive

1. Having the external appearance changed; dyed; tinged; painted stained.

2. Streaked; striped; having a diversity of hues.

3. Having a specious appearance.

COLORED people, black people, Africans or their descendants, mixed or unmixed.

COLORIFIC, adjective That has the quality of tinging; able to give color, or tint to other bodies.

COLORING, participle present tense

1. Dying; staining; tinging.

2. Giving a fair external appearance; palliating; excusing.

COLORING, noun

1. The act or art of dyeing; the state of being colored; color.

2. A specious appearance; fair artificial representation; as, the story has a coloring of truth.

3. Among painters, the manner of applying colors; or the mixture of light and shade, formed by the various colors employed.

COLORIST, noun One who colors; a painter who excels in giving the proper colors to his designs.

COLORLESS, adjective Destitute of color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent; as colorless water, glass or gas.

COLOSSAL,

COLOSSEAN, adjective [See Colossus.] Like a colossus; very large; huge; gigantic.

COLOSSEAN, a. [See Colossus.] Like a colossus; very large; huge; gigantic.

COLSTAFF, noun A staff for carrying burdens by two on their shoulders.

COLT, noun

1. The young of the equine genus of animals or horse kind. In America, colt is equally applied to the male or female, and this is unquestionable correct. The male is called a house-colt, and the female is called a filly.

2. A young foolish fellow; a person without experience or stability.

COLT, verb intransitive To frisk, riot or frolic, like a colt; to be licentious.

COLT, verb transitive To befool.

COLTER, noun The fore iron of a plow, with a sharp edge, that cuts the earth or sod.

COLTISH, adjective Like a colt; wanton; frisky; gay.

COLUBER, noun In zoology, a genus of serpents, distinguished by scuta or hard crusts on the belly, and scales on the tail. Under this genus are ranked many species, as the viper, black snake, etc.

COLUBRINE, adjective Relating to the coluber, or to serpents; cunning; crafty.

COLUMBARY, noun A dove-cot; a pigeon-house.

COLUMBATE, noun A salt or compound of columbic acid, with a base.

COLUMBIAN, adjective Pertaining to the United States, or to America, discovered by Columbus.

COLUMBIC, adjective Pertaining to columbium; as columbic acid.

COLUMBIFEROUS, adjective Producing or containing columbium.

COLUMBINE, adjective Like or pertaining to a pigeon or dove; of a dove-color, or like the neck of a dove.

COLUMBINE, noun Aquilegia, a genus of plants of several species. The Thalictrum or meadow-rue is also called feathered columbine

COLUMBITE, noun [See Columbium.] The ore of columbium.

COLUMBIUM, noun A metal first discovered in an ore or oxyd, found in Connecticut, at New-London, near the house of Gov. Winthrop, and by him transmitted to Sir Hans Sloane, by whom it was deposited in the British museum. The same metal was afterwards discovered in Sweden, and called tantalum, and its ore tantalite.

COLUMBO. [See Colombo.]

COLUMEL, noun In botany, the central column in a capsule, taking its rise from the receptacle, and having the seeds fixed to it all round.

COLUMN, noun

1. In architecture, a long round body of wood or stone, used to support or adorn a building, composed of a base, a shaft and a capital. The shaft tapers from the base, in imitation of the stem of a tree. There are five kinds or orders of columns. 1. The Tuscan, rude, simple and massy; the highth of which is fourteen semidiameters or modules, and the diminution at the top from one sixth to one eighth of the inferior diameter. 2. The Doric, which is next in strength to the Tuscan, has a robust, masculine aspect; its highth is sixteen modules. 3. The Ionic is more slender than the Tuscan and Doric; its highth is eighteen modules. 4. The Corinthian is more delicate in its form and proportions, and enriched with ornaments; its highth should be twenty modules. 5. The Composite is a species of the Corinthian, and of the same highth.

In strictness, the shaft of a column consists of one entire piece; but it is often composed of different pieces, so united, as to have the appearance of one entire piece. It differs in this respect from a pillar, which primarily signifies a pile, composed of small pieces. But the two things are unfortunately confounded; and a column consisting of a single piece of timber is absurdly called a pillar or pile.

2. An erect or elevated structure resembling a column in architecture; as the astronomical column at Paris, a kind of hollow tower with a spiral ascent to the top; gnomonic column a cylinder on which the hour of the day is indicated by the shadow of a style; military column among the Romans; triumphal column; etc.

3. Any body pressing perpendicularly on its base, and of the same diameter as its base; as a column of water, air or mercury.

4. In the military art, a large body of troops drawn up in order; as a solid column

5. Among printers, a division of a page; a perpendicular set of lines separated from another set by a line or blank space. In manuscript books and papers, any separate perpendicular line or row of words or figures. A page may contain two or more columns; and in arithmetic, many columns of figures may be added.

COLUMNAR, adjective Formed in columns; having the form of columns; like the shaft of a column; as columnar spar.

COLUMNARISH, adjective Somewhat resembling a column.

COLURE, noun In astronomy and geography, the colures are two great circles supposed to intersect each other at right angles, in the poles of the world, one of them passing through the solstitial and the other through the equinoctial points of the ecliptic, viz. Cancer and Capricorn, Aries and Libra, dividing the ecliptic into four equal parts. The points where these lines intersect the ecliptic are called cardinal points.

COM, in composition as a prefix denotes with, to or against.

COMA, noun Lethargy; dozing; a preternatural propensity to sleep; a kind of stupor of diseased persons.

COMA, noun

1. In botany, a species of bracte, terminating the stem of a plant, in a tuft or bush; as in crown-imperial.

2. In astronomy, hairiness; the hairy appearance that surrounds a comet, when the earth or the spectator is between the comet and the sun.

COMART, noun A treaty; article; agreement.

COMATOSE,

COMATOUS, adjective [See Coma.] Preter-naturally disposed to sleep; drowsy; dozing; without natural sleep; lethargic.

COMATOUS, a. [See Coma.] Preter-naturally disposed to sleep; drowsy; dozing; without natural sleep; lethargic.

COMB, noun A valley between hills or mountains.

COMB, noun b silent.

1. An instrument, with teeth, for separating, cleansing and adjusting hair, wool, or flax. Also, an instrument of horn or shell, for keeping the hair in its place when dressed.

2. The crest, caruncle or red fleshy tuft, growing on a cocks head; so called from its indentures which resemble the teeth of a comb

3. The substance in which bees lodge their honey, in small hexagonal cells.

4. A dry measure of four bushels.

COMB, verb transitive To separate, disentangle, cleanse, and adjust with a comb as to comb hair; or to separate, cleanse and lay smooth and straight, as to comb wool.

COMB, verb intransitive In the language of seamen, to roll over, as the top of a wave; or to break with a white foam.

COMBAT, verb intransitive

1. To fight; to struggle or contend with an opposing force.

Pardon me; I will not combat in my shirt.

This word is particularly used to denote private contest, or the fighting of two persons in a duel; but it is used in a general sense for the contention of bodies of men, nations, armies, or any species of animals.

After the fall of the republic, the Romans comabated only for the choice of maters.

2. To act in opposition.

It is followed by with before the person, and for before the thing sought.

A combats with B for his right.

COMBAT, verb transitive

1. To fight with; to oppose by force; as, to combat an antagonist.

2. To contend against; to oppose; to resist; as, to combat arguments or opinions.

COMBAT, noun

1. A fighting; a struggling to resist, overthrow or conquer; contest by force; engagement; battle; as the combat of armies.

2. A duel; a fighting between two men; formerly, a formal trail of a doubtful cause, or decision of a controversy between two persons, by swords or batons.

COMBATANT, adjective Contending; disposed to contend.

COMBATANT, noun

1. A person who combats; any person who fights with another, or in an army, or fleet.

2. A duellist; one who fights or contends in battle, for the decision of a private quarrel or difference; a champion.

3. A person who contends with another in argument, or controversy.

COMBATED, participle passive Opposed; resisted.

COMBATER, noun One who fights or contends.

COMBATING, participle present tense Striving to resist; fighting; opposing by force or by argument.

COMBED, participle passive Separated, cleaned, or dressed with a comb.

COMBER, noun One who combs; one whose occupation is to comb wool, etc.

COMBER, noun Incumbrance.

COMBER, noun A long slender fish with a red back, found in Cornwall, England.

COMBINABLE, adjective Capable of combining.

COMBINATE, adjective [See Combine.] Espoused; betrothed.

COMBINATION, noun

1. Intimate union, or association of two or more persons or things, by set purpose or agreement, for effecting some object, by joint operation; in a good sense, when the object is laudable; in an ill sense, when it is illegal or iniquitous. It is sometimes equivalent to league, or to conspiracy. We say, a combination of men to overthrow government, or a combination to resist oppression.

2. An assemblage; union of particulars; as a combination of circumstances.

3. Commixture; union of bodies or qualities in a mass or compound; as, to make new compounds by new combinations.

4. Chimical union; union by affinity.

Mix dry acid of tartar with dry carbonate of potash; no combination will ensue, till water is added.

5. In mathematics, the union of numbers or quantities in every possible manner; or the variation or alteration of any number of quantities, letters, sounds, or the like, in all the different manners possible. The number of possible changes or combinations is found by multiplying the terms 1.2.3.4.5 continually into each other. Thus 1x2=2: 2x3=6: 6x4=24: 24x5=120. etc. So the permutations of five quantities amount to 120. The changes that may be rung on twelve bells amount to 479, 001, 600. And the twenty four letters of the alphabet admit of 62, 044, 840, 173, 323, 943, 936, 000 changes or combinations.

COMBINE, verb transitive

1. To unite or join two or more things; to link closely together.

Friendship combines the hearts of men.

2. To agree; to accord; to settle by compact.

3. To join words or ideas together; opposed to analyze.

4. To cause to unite; to bring into union or confederacy.

The violence of revolutionary France combined the posers of Europe in opposition.

COMBINE, verb intransitive To unite, agree or coalesce.

Honor and policy combine to justify the measure.

2. To unite in friendship or design; to league together.

You with your foes combine

3. To unite by affinity, or natural attraction

Two substances which will not combine of themselves, may be made to combine by the intervention of a third.

4. To confederate; to unite as nations.

The powers of Europe combined against France.

COMBINED, participle passive United closely; associated; leagued; confederated; chimically united.

COMBING, participle present tense Separating and adjusting hair, wool, etc.

COMBING, noun Borrowed hair combed over a bald part of the head.

COMBINING, participle present tense Uniting closely; joining in purpose; confederating; uniting by chimical affinity.

COMBLESS, adjective Without a comb or crest; as a combless cock.

COMBUST, adjective When a planet is in conjunction with the sun or apparently very near it, it is said to be combust or in combustion. The distance within which this epithet is applicable to a planet, is said by some writers to be 8 degrees; others say, within the distance of half the suns disk.

COMBUSTIBILITY, noun The quality of taking fire and burning; the quality of a substance which admits the action of fire upon it; capacity of being burnt, or combined with oxygen.

The quality of throwing out heat and light, in the rapid combination of its substance with another body.

COMBUSTIBLE, adjective That will take fire and burn; capable of catching fire; thus, wood and coal are combustible bodies.

COMBUSTIBLE, noun A substance that will take fire and burn; a body which, in its rapid union with others, disengages heat and light.

COMBUSTIBLENESS,

COMBUSTION, noun

1. The operation of fire on inflammable substances; or according to modern chimistry, the union of an inflammable substance with oxygen, attended with light, and in most instances, with heat. In the combustion of a substance, heat or caloric is disengaged, and oxygen is absorbed.

This theory of Lavoisier being found somewhat defective, the following definition is given. Combustion is the disengagement of heat and light which accompanies chimical combination.

Combustion cannot be regarded as dependent on any peculiar principle or form of matter, but must be considered as a general result of intense chimical action.

2. In popular language, a burning; the process or action of fire in consuming a body, attended with heat, or heat and flame; as the combustion of wood or coal.

3. Conflagration; a great fire. Hence, from the violent agitation of fire or flame,

4. Tumult; violent agitation with hurry and noise; confusion; uproar.

COMBUSTION, n.

COME, verb intransitive

1. To move towards; to advance near, in any manner, and from any distance. We say, the men come this way, whether riding or on foot; the wind comes from the west; the ship comes with a fine breeze; light comes from the sun. It is applicable perhaps to every thing susceptible of motion, and is opposed to go.

2. To draw nigh; to approach; to arrive; to be present

COME thou and all thy house into the ark. Genesis 7:1.

All my time will I wait, till my change come Job 14:14.

When shall I come and appear before God? Psalms 42:2.

Then shall the end come Matthew 24:5.

Thy kingdom come; thy will be done. Matthew 6:10.

The time has come

3. To advance and arrive at some state or condition; as, the ships came to action; the players came to blows; is it come to this?

His sons come to honor and he knoweth it not. Job 14:14.

I wonder how he came to know what had been done; how did he come by his knowledge? the heir comes into possession of his estate; the man will come in time to abhor the vices of his youth, or he will come to be poor and despicable, or to poverty.

In these and similar phrases, we observe the process or advance is applied to the body or to the mind, indifferently; and to persons or events.

4. To happen or fall out; as, how comes that? Let come what will. Hence when followed by an object or person, with to or on, to befall; to light on.

After all that has come on us for our evil deeds. Ezra 9:13.

All things come alike to all. Ecclesiastes 9:2.

5. To advance or move into view; to appear; as, blood or color comes and goes in the face.

6. To sprout, as plants; to spring. The corn comes or comes up. In the coming or sprouting of malt, as it must not come too little, so it must not come too much. So Bacon uses the word; and this use of it coincides nearly with the sense of 2 Kings 19:26 and in the same chapter inserted in Isaiah 37:3. It is the G. Kiemen, Icelandic kiema, to bud, or germinate.

7. To become.

So came I a widow.

8. To appear or be formed, as butter; to advance or change from cream to butter; a common use of the word; as, the butter comes.

9. come in the imperative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint action; come let us go.

This is the heir; come let us kill him.

When repeated, it sometimes expresses haste; come come Sometimes if expresses or introduces rebuke.

As the sense of come is to move, in almost any manner, in its various applications, that sense is modified indefinitely by other words used in connection with it. Thus with words expressing approach, it denotes advancing nearer; with words expressing departure, as from, of, out of, etc., it denotes motion from, etc.

To come about, to happen; to fall out; to come to pass; to arrive. How did these tings come about? So the French venir a bout, to come to the end, that is, to arrive.

To come about, to turn; to change; to come round. The wind will come about from west to east. The ship comes about. It is applied to a change of sentiments.

On better thoughts, and my urged reasons,

They are come about, and won to the true side.

To come again, to return. Genesis 28:21, Leviticus 14:8.

To come after, to follow. Matthew 24:5. Also to come to obtain; as, to come after a book.

To come at, to reach; to arrive within reach of; to gain; to come so near as to be able to take or possess. We prize those most who are hardest to come at. To come at a true knowledge of ourselves.

Also, to come towards, as in attacking.

To come away, to depart from; to leave; to issue from.

To come back, to return.

To come by, to pass near; a popular phrase. Also, to obtain, gain, acquire; that is, to come near, at or close. Examine how you came by all your state.

This is not an irregular or improper use of this word. It is precisely equivalent to possess, to sit by. [See Possess.]

To come down, to descend.

The Lord will come down on mount Sinai. Exodus 19:2.

Also, to be humbled or abased.

Your principalities shall come down. Jeremiah 13:18.

COME down from thy glory. Jeremiah 48:2.

To come for, to come to get or obtain; to come after.

To come forth, to issue or proceed from. Gen 15, Isaiah 11:1, Micah 5:2.

Also, to depart from; to leave. Mark 9:1.

Also, to come abroad. Jer 4.

To come from, to depart from to leave. In popular language, this phrase is equivalent to, where is his native place or former place of residence; where did this man, this animal or this plant originate.

To come home, that is, to come to home, or the house; to arrive at the dwelling. Hence, to come close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or reason.

COME is an intransitive verb, but the participle come is much used with the substantive verb, in the passive form. The end of all flesh is come I am come thou art come he is come we are come etc. This use of the substantive verb, for have, is perhaps too well established to be rejected; but have or has should be used in such phrases. In the phrase, come Friday, come Candlemas, there is an ellipsis of certain words, as when Friday shall come

COME, come the repetition of come expresses haste, or exhortation to hasten. Sometimes it introduces a threat.

COME, noun A sprout.

COMEDIAN, noun [See Comedy.]

1. An actor or player in comedy; or a player in general, male or female.

2. A write of comedy.

COMEDY, noun A dramatic composition intended to represent human characters, which are to be imitated in language, dress and manner, by actors on a stage, for the amusement of spectators. The object of comedy is said to be to recommend virtue and make vice ridiculous; but the real effect is amusement.

COMELILY, adverb In a suitable or decent manner.

COMELINESS, noun That which is becoming, fit or suitable, in form or manner. comeliness of person implies symmetry or due proportion of parts; comeliness of manner implies decorum and propriety. It signifies something less forcible than beauty, less elegant than grace, and less light than prettiness.

A careless comeliness with comely care.

He hath no form nor comeliness Isaiah 53:2.

COMELY, adjective

1. Properly, becoming; suitable: whence, handsome; graceful. Applied to person or form, it denotes symmetry or due proportion, but it expresses less than beautiful or elegant.

I have seen a son of Jesse ... comely person. 1 Samuel 16:18.

I will not conceal his comely proportion. Job 41:12.

2. Decent; suitable; proper; becoming; suited to time, place, circumstances or persons.

Praise is comely for the upright. Psalms 33:1.

It is comely that a woman pray to God uncovered? 1 Corinthians 11:13.

O what a world is this, when what is comely envenoms him that bears it.

COMELY, adverb Handsomely; gracefully.

COMENCING, participle present tense Beginning; entering on; originating.

COMER, noun One that comes; one who approaches; one who has arrived and is present.

COMESSATION, noun Feasting or reveling.

COMESTIBLE, adjective Eatable.

COMET, noun An opake, spherical, solid body, like a planet, but accompanied with a train of light, performing revolutions about the sun, in an elliptical orbit, having the sun in one of its foci. In its approach to its perihelion, it becomes visible, and after passing its perihelion, it departs into remote regions and disappears. In popular language, comets are tailed, bearded or hairy, but these terms are taken from the appearance of the light which attends the, which, in different positions with respect to the sun, exhibits the form of a t ail or train, a beard, or a border of hair. When the comet is westward of the sun and rises or sets before it, the light appears in the morning like a train beginning at the body of the comet and extending westward and diverging in proportion to its extent. Thus the comet of 1769, [which I saw, ] when it rose in the morning, presented a luminous train that extended nearly from the horizon to the meridian. When the comet and the sun are opposite, the earth being between them, the comet is, to the view, immersed in its train and the light appears around its body like a fringe or border of hair. From the train of a comet this body has obtained the popular name of a blazing star.

Herschel observed several comets, which appeared to have no nucleus, but to be merely collections of vapor condensed about a center.

COMET, noun A game at cards.

COMETARIUM,

COMETARY, noun A machine exhibiting an idea of the revolution of a comet round the sun.

COMETARY, adjective Pertaining to a comet.

COMETARY, n. A machine exhibiting an idea of the revolution of a comet round the sun.

COMETARY, a. Pertaining to a comet.

COMETIC, adjective Relating to a comet.

COMETOGRAPHY, noun A description or treatise of comets.

COMFIT,

COMFIT-MAKER, noun One who makes or prepares comfits.

COMFITURE, noun A dry sweet-meat; any kind of fruit or root preserved with sugar and dried.

COMFIT, verb transitive To preserve dry with sugar.

COMFORT, verb transitive

1. To strengthen; to invigorate; to cheer or enliven.

Light excelleth in comforting the spirits of men.

COMFORT ye your hearts. Genesis 18:5.

2. To strengthen the mind when depressed or enfeebled; to console; to give new vigor to the spirits; to cheer, or relieve from depression, or trouble.

His friends came to mourn with him and to comfort him. Job 2:11.

3. In law, to relieve, assist or encourage, as the accessory to a crime after the fact.

COMFORT, noun

1. Relief from pain; ease; rest or moderate pleasure after pain, cold or distress or uneasiness of body. The word signifies properly new strength, or animation; and relief from pain is often the effect of strength. In a popular sense, the word signifies rather negatively the absence of pain and the consequent quiet, than positive animation.

2. Relief from distress of mind; the ease and quiet which is experienced when pain, trouble, agitation or affliction ceases. It implies also some degree of positive animation of the spirits; or some pleasurable sensations derived from hope, and agreeable prospects; consolation.

Let me alone, that I may take comfort a little. Job 10:20.

Daughter, be of good comfort; thy faith hath made thee whole. Matthew 9:22.

3. Support; consolation under calamity, distress or danger.

Let thy merciful kindness be for my comfort Psalms 119:50.

4. That which gives strength or support in distress, difficulty, danger, or infirmity.

Pious children are the comfort of their aged parents.

5. In law, support; assistance; countenance; encouragement; as, an accessory affords aid or comfort to a felon.

6. That which gives security from want and furnishes moderate enjoyment; as the comforts of life.

COMFORTABLE, adjective

1. Being in a state of ease, or moderate enjoyment; as a person after sickness or pain. This is the most common use of the word in the U. States.

2. Admitting comfort; that may afford comfort.

Who can promise him a comfortable appearance before his dreadful judge?

3. Giving comfort; affording consolation.

The word of my lord the king shall now be comfortable 2 Samuel 14:17.

4. Placing above want and affording moderate enjoyment; as a comfortable provision for old age.

COMFORTABLENESS, noun The state of enjoying comfort.

COMFORTABLEY, adverb

1. In a manner to give comfort or consolation.

Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem. Isaiah 40:2.

2. With comfort, or cheerfulness; without despair.

Hope comfortably and cheerfully for Gods performance.

COMFORTED, participle passive Strengthened; consoled; encouraged.

COMFORTER, noun

1. One who administers comfort or consolation; one who strengthens and supports the mind in distress or danger.

I looked for comforters, but found none. Psalms 69:20.

Miserable comforters are ye all. Job 16:2.

2. The title of the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name--he shall teach you all things. John 14:16.

COMFORTING, participle present tense Giving strength or spirits; giving ease; cheering; encouraging; consoling.

COMFORTLESS, adjective Without comfort; without any thing to alleviate misfortune, or distress.

I will not leave you comfortless John 14:18.

COMFORTRESS, noun A female that affords comfort.

COMFREY,

COMFRY, noun A genus of plants, the Symphytum.

COMFRY, n. A genus of plants, the Symphytum.

COMIC, adjective

1. Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy.

2. Raising mirth; fitted to excite merriment.

COMICAL, adjective

1. Relating to comedy; comic.

2. Exciting mirth; diverting; sportive; droll.

We say, a buffoon is a comical fellow, or his story or his manners are comica.

COMICALLY, adverb

1. In a manner befitting comedy.

2. In a comical manner; in a manner to raise mirth.

COMICALNESS, noun The quality of being comical; the power or quality of raising mirth.

COMING, participle present tense

1. Drawing nearer or nigh; approaching; moving towards; advancing.

2. Future; yet to come; as, in coming ages.

3. Forward; ready to come.

How coming to the poet every muse.

COMING, noun

1. The act of coming; approach.

2. The state of being come; arrival.

The Lord hath blessed thee since my coming Genesis 30:30.

COMING, noun

1. Entrance.

I know thy going-out and thy coming-in. 2 Kings 19:27.

2. Beginning; commencement; as the coming-in of the year. 2 Kings 13:20.

3. Income; revenue.

4. Compliance; submission.

COMITIAL, adjective

1. Relating to the comitia or popular assemblies of the Romans, for electing officers and passing laws.

2. Relating to an order of presbyterian assemblies.

COMITY, noun Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy; civility; good breeding. Wellbred people are characterized by comity of manners.

COMMA, noun

1. In writing and printing, this point [, ] denoting the shortest pause in reading, and separating a sentence into divisions or members, according to the construction. Thus, There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Virtue, wit, knowledge, are excellent accomplishments. Live soberly, righteously, and piously, in the present world.

2. In music, an enharmonic interval, being the eighth part of a tone, or the difference between a major and a minor semitone; a term used in theoretic music to show the exact proportions between concords.

3. Distinction.

COMMAND, verb transitive

1. To bid; to order; to direct; to charge; implying authority, and power to control, and to require obedience.

We will sacrifice to the Lord our God, as he shall command us. Exodus 8:27.

I know that he [Abraham] will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord. Genesis 18:19.

2. To govern, lead or direct; to have or to exercise supreme authority over.

Lord Wellington commanded an army in Spain; he commanded the army at the battle of Waterloo.

3. To have in power; to be able to exercise power or authority over; as, a military post commands the surrounding country; a fort commands the harbor.

4. To overlook, or have in the power of the eye, without obstruction.

One side commands a view of the finest garden in the world.

5. To direct; to send.

The Lord shall command the blessing on thee. Deuteronomy 28:1.

The Lord will command his loving kindness. Psalms 43:1.

6. To have or to exercise a controlling influence over.

A good magistrate commands the respect and affections of the people.

COMMAND, verb intransitive To have or to exercise supreme authority; to possess the chief power; to govern; as, the general commands with dignity and humanity. What general commands in Canada?

COMMAND, noun

1. The right or power of governing with chief or exclusive authority; supreme power; control; as, an officer has a brigade under his command; he takes command of the army in France; an appropriate military term.

2. The power of controlling; governing influence; sway.

He assumed an absolute command over his readers.

3. Cogent or absolute authority.

COMMAND and force may often create, but can never cure, an aversion.

4. The act of commanding; the mandate uttered; order given.

The captain gives command

5. The power of overlooking, or surveying, without obstruction.

The steepy strand, Which overlooks the vale with wide command

6. The power of governing or controlling by force, or of defending and protecting.

The fortress has complete command of the port.

7. That which is commanded control; as a body of troop under command

COMMANDABLE, adjective That may be commanded.

COMMANDANT, noun A commander; a commanding officer of a place or of a body of forces.

COMMANDATORY, adjective Having the force of a command.

COMMANDED, participle passive Ordered; directed; governed; controlled.

COMMANDER, noun

1. A chief; one who has supreme authority; a leader; the chief officer of an army, or of any division of it. The term may also be applied to the admiral of a fleet, or of a squadron, or to any supreme officer; as the commander of the land or of the naval force; the commander of a ship.

2. One on whom is bestowed a benefice or commandry.

3. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving, etc.

4. An instrument of surgery.

COMMANDERY,

COMMANDINGLY, adverb In a commanding manner.

COMMANDINGLY, adv. In a commanding manner.

COMMANDMENT, noun

1. A command; a mandate; an order or injunction given by authority; charge; precept.

Why do ye transgress the commandment of God. Matthew 15:3.

This is the first and great commandment Matthew 22:38.

A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another. John 13:34.

2. By way of eminence, a precept of the decalogue, or moral law, written on tables of stone, at Mount Sinai; one of the ten commandments. Exodus 34:32.

3. Authority; coercive power.

COMMANDNING, pr.

1. Bidding; ordering; directing with authority; governing; bearing rule; exercising supreme authority; having in power; overlooking without obstruction.

2. adjective Controlling by influence, authority, or dignity; as a man of commanding manners; a commanding eloquence.

COMMANDRESS, noun A woman invested with supreme authority.

COMMANDRY, noun A kind of benefice or fixed revenue, belonging to a military order, conferred on knights of merit. There are strict and regular commandries, obtained by merit, or in order; and others are of grace and favor, bestowed by the Grand Master. There are also commandries for the religious, in the orders of St. Bernard and St. Anthony.

COMMARK, noun The frontier of a country.

COMMATERIAL, adjective Consisting of the same matter with another thing.

COMMATERIALITY, noun Participation of the same matter.

COMMATISM, noun Briefness; conciseness in writing.

COMMEASURABLE, adjective [See Measure.] Reducible to the same measure. But commensurable is generally used.

COMMED, noun Commendation.

COMMELINE, noun A genus of herbaceous plants, Commelina, natives of warm climates. This name was given to this genus by Linne, in honor of the Commelins, distinguished botanists of Holland. These plants have flowers with three petals, two large and one small; the large petals representing John and Gaspard Commelin, who published catalogues of plants; the smaller petal representing another of the name who published nothing.

COMMEMORABLE, adjective Memorable; worthy to be remembered, or noticed with honor. [See Memorable.]

COMMEMORATE, verb transitive To call to remembrance by a solemn act; to celebrate with honor and solemnity; to honor, as a person or event, by some act of respect or affection, intended to preserve the remembrance of that person or event.

The Lords supper is designed to commemorate the sufferings and dying love of our Savior.

COMMEMORATED, participle passive Called to remembrance by some act of solemnity.

COMMEMORATING, participle present tense Celebrating with honor by some solemn act.

COMMEMORATION, noun The act of calling to remembrance, by some solemnity; the act of honoring the memory of some person or event, by solemn celebration. The feast of shells at Plymouth in Massachusetts is an annual commemoration of the first landing of our ancestors in 1620.

COMMEMORATIVE, adjective Tending to preserve the remembrance of something.

COMMEMORATORY, adjective Serving to preserve the memory of.

COMMENCE, verb intransitive

1. To begin; to take rise or origin; to have first existence; as, a state of glory to commence after this life; this empire commenced at a late period.

2. To begin to be, as in a change of character.

Let not learning too commence its foe.

3. To take a degree or the first degree in a university or college.

COMMENCE, verb transitive

1. To begin; to enter upon; to perform the first act; as, to commence operations.

2. To begin; to originate; to bring; as, to commence a suit, action or process in law.

COMMENCED, participle passive Begun; originated.

COMMENCEMENT, noun

1. Beginning; rise; origin; first existence; as the commencement of New Style in 1752; the commencement of hostilities in 1775.

2. The time when students in colleges commence bachelors; a day in which degrees are publicly conferred on students who have finished a collegiate education. In Cambridge, Eng., the day when masters of arts and doctors complete their degrees.

COMMEND, verb transitive

1. To represent as worthy of notice, regard, or kindness; to speak in favor of; to recommend.

I commend to you Phebe our sister. Romans 16:1.

2. To commit; to entrust or give in charge.

Father, into hy hands I commend my spirit. Luke 23:46.

3. To praise; to mention with approbation.

The princes commended Sarai before Pharaoh. The Lord commended the unjust steward.

4. To make acceptable or more acceptable.

But meat commendeth us not to God. 1 Corinthians 8:8.

5. To produce or present to favorable notice.

The chorus had an occasion of commending their voices to the king.

6. To send or bear to.

These draw the chariot which Latinus sends,

And the rich present to the prince commends.

COMMENDABLE, adjective That may be commended or praised; worthy of approbation or praise; laudable.

Order and decent ceremonies in the church are commendable

COMMENDABLENESS, noun State of being commendable.

COMMENDABLY, adverb Laudably; in a praise-worthy manner.

COMMENDAM, noun In ecclesiastical law, in England, a benefice or living commended, by the king or head of the church, to the care of a clerk, to hold till a proper pastor is provided. This may be temporary or perpetual.

The trust or administration of the revenues of a benefice given to a layman, to hold as a deposit for six months in order to repairs, etc., or to an ecclesiastic, to perform the pastoral duties, till the benefice is provided with a regular incumbent.

COMMENDATARY, noun One who holds a living in commendam.

COMMENDATION, noun

1. The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in words; declaration of esteem.

Need we, as some other, letters of commendation 2 Corinthians 3:1.

2. Ground of esteem, approbation or praise; that which presents a person or thing to another in a favorable light, and renders worthy of regard, or acceptance.

Good-nature is the most godlike commendation of a man.

3. Service; respects; message of love.

COMMENDATORY, adjective

1. Which serves to commend; presenting to favorable notice or reception; containing praise; as a commendatory letter.

2. Holding a benefice in commendam; as a commendatory bishop.

COMMENDATORY, noun A commendation; eulogy.

COMMENDED, participle passive Praised; represented favorably; committed in charge.

COMMENDER, noun One who commends or praises.

COMMENDING, participle present tense Praising; representing favorably; committing, or delivering in charge.

Note: In imitation of the French, we are accustomed to use recommendation, etc., for commendation. But in most instances, it is better to use the word without the prefix re. A letter of commendation, is the preferable phrase.

COMMENSAL, noun One that eats at the same table.

COMMENSALITY, noun Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the same table.

COMMENSURABILITY,

COMMENSURABLE, adjective That have a common measure; reducible to a common measure. Thus a yard and a foot are commensurable, as both may be measured by inches. Commensurable numbers are those which may be measured or divided by another number without a remainder; as 12 and 18 which may be measured by 6 and 3.

Commensurable surds are those which, being reduced to their least terms, become true figurative quantities of their kind; and are therefore as a rational quantity to a rational one.

COMMENSURABLE, a. That have a common measure; reducible to a common measure. Thus a yard and a foot are commensurable, as both may be measured by inches. Commensurable numbers are those which may be measured or divided by another number without a remainder; as 12 and 18 which may be measured by 6 and 3.

COMMENSURABLENESS, noun The capacity of being compared with another in measure, or of being measured by another, or of having a common measure.

COMMENSURATE, adjective

1. Reducible to one and the same common measure.

2. Equal; proportional; having equal measure or extent.

We fine nothing in this life commensurate to our desires.

COMMENSURATE, verb transitive To reduce to a common measure.

COMMENSURATELY, adverb

1. With the capacity of measuring or being measured by some other thing.

2. With equal measure or extent.

COMMENSURATION, noun Proportion, or proportion in measure; a state of having a common measure.

All fitness lies in a particular commensuration or proportion, of one thing to another.

COMMENT, verb intransitive

1. To write notes on the works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to explain particular passages; to explain; to expound; to annotate; followed by on. We say, to comment on an author or on his writings.

2. To make verbal remarks, or observations, either on a book, or writing, or on actions, events or opinions.

COMMENT, verb transitive

1. To explain

2. To feign; to devise.

COMMENT, noun

1. A note, intended to illustrate a writing, or a difficult passage in an author; annotation; explanation; exposition; as the comments of Scott on the Scriptures.

2. That which explains or illustrates; as, a mans conduct is the best comment on his declarations. Poverty and disgrace are very significant comments on lewdness, gambling and dissipation.

3. Remark; observation.

In such a time as this, it is not meet

That every nice offense should bear its comment

COMMENTARY, noun

1. A comment; exposition; explanation; illustration of difficult and obscure passages in an author.

2. A book of comments or annotations.

3. A historical narrative; a memoir or particular transactions, as the commentaries of Cesar.

COMMENTARY, verb transitive To write notes upon.

COMMENTATOR, noun One who comments; one who writes annotations; an expositor; an annotator. [The accent on the first syllable and that on the third are nearly equal.]

COMMENTER, noun

1. One that writes comments; an annotator.

2. One who makes remarks.

COMMENTING, participle present tense Making notes or comments on something said or written.

COMMENTITIOUS, adjective Invented; feigned; imaginary.

COMMERCE, noun

1. In a general sense, an interchange or mutual change of goods, wares, productions, or property of any kind, between nations or individuals, either by barter, or by purchase and sale; trade; traffick. commerce is foreign or inland. Foreign commerce is the trade which one nation carries on with another; inland commerce or inland trade, is the trade in the exchange of commodities between citizens of the same nation or state. Active commerce

2. Intercourse between individuals; interchange of work, business, civilities or amusements; mutual dealings in common life.

3. Familiar intercourse between the sexes.

4. Interchange; reciprocal communications; as, there is a vast commerce of ideas.

COMMERCE, verb intransitive

1. To traffick; to carry on trade.

2. To hold intercourse with.

And looks commercing with the skies.

COMMERCIAL, adjective

1. Pertaining to commerce or trade; as commercial concerns; commercial relations.

2. Carrying on commerce; as a commercial nation.

3. Proceeding from trade; as commercial benefits or profits.

COMMERCIALLY, adverb In a commercial view.

COMMIGRATE, verb intransitive To migrate together; to move in a body from one country or place to another for permanent residence.

COMMIGRATION, noun The moving of a body of people from one country or place to another with a view to permanent residence.

COMMINATION, noun

1. A threat or threatening; a denunciation of punishment or vengeance.

2. The recital of Gods threatenings on stated days; an office in the Liturgy of the Church of England, appointed to be read on Ash Wednesday or on the first day of Lent.

COMMINATORY, adjective Threatening; denouncing punishment.

COMMINGLE, verb transitive To mix together; to mingle in one mass, or intimately; to blend. [See Mingle.]

COMMINGLE, verb intransitive To mix or unite together, as different substances.

COMMINUATE, verb transitive To grind.

COMMINUIBLE, adjective Reducible to powder.

COMMINUTE, verb transitive To make small or fine; to reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder, by breaking, pounding, rasping, or grinding; to pulverize; to triturate; to levigate. It is chiefly or wholly applied to substances, not liquid.

COMMINUTED, participle passive Reduced to fine particles; pulverized; triturated.

COMMINUTING, participle present tense Reducing to fine particles; pulverizing; levigating.

COMMINUTION, noun

1. The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles; pulverization.

2. Attenuation; as comminution of spirits.

COMMISERABLE, adjective [See Commiserate.] Deserving of commiseration or pity; pitiable; that may excite sympathy or sorrow.

This commiserable person, Edward.

COMMISERATE, verb transitive

1. To pity; to compassionate; to feel sorrow, pain or regret for another in distress; applied to persons.

We should commiserate those who groan beneath the weight of age, disease or want.

2. To regret; to pity; to be sorry for; as, to commiserate our mutual ignorance.

COMMISERATED, participle passive Pitied.

COMMISERATING, participle present tense Pitying; compassionating; feeling sorrow for.

COMMISERATION, noun Pity; compassion; a sympathetic suffering of pain or sorrow for the wants, afflictions or distresses of another.

I cannot think of these poor deluded creatures, but with commiseration

COMMISERATIVELY, adverb From compassion.

COMMISERATOR, noun One who pities.

COMMISSARIAL, adjective [See Commissary.] Pertaining to a commissary.

Smollett uses commissorial; but this is not regular nor authorized.

COMMISSARIATE, noun The office or employment of a commissary; or the whole body of officers in the commissarys department.

COMMISSARY, noun

1. In general sense, a commissioner; one to whom is committed some charge, duty or office, by a superior power; one who is sent or delegated to execute some office or duty, in the place, or as the representative, of his superior.

2. In ecclesiastical law, an officer of the bishop, who exercises spiritual jurisdiction in places of the diocese, so far distant from the episcopal see, that the chancellor cannot call the people to the bishops principal consistory court, without putting them to inconvenience.

3. In a military sense, an officer who has the charge of furnishing provisions, clothing, etc., for an army. Commissaries are distinguished by different names, according to their duties; as commissary-general, who is at the head of the department of supplies, and has under him deputy commissaries, and issuing commissaries; the latter to issue or distribute the supplies.

4. An officer who musters the army, receives and inspects the muster-rolls, and keeps an account of the strength of the army. He is called, the commissary-general of musters. The commissary of horses has the inspection of the artillery horses; and the commissary of stores has charge of all the stores of the artillery.

COMMISSARYSHIP, noun The office of a commissary.

COMMISSION, noun

1. The act of committing, doing, performing, or perpetrating; as the commission of a crime.

2. The act of committing or sending to; the act of entrusting, as a charge or duty. Hence,

3. The thing committed, entrusted or delivered; letters patent, or any writing from proper authority, given to a person as his warrant for exercising certain powers, or the performance of any duty, whether civil, ecclesiastical, or military. Hence,

4. Charge; order; mandate; authority given.

He bore his great commission in his look.

5. By a metonymy, a number of persons joined in an office or trust.

6. The state of that which is entrusted, as the great seal was put into commission; or the state of being authorized to act or perform service, as a ship is put into commission

7. In commerce, the state of acting under authority in the purchase and sale of goods for another. To trade or do business on commission is to buy or sell for another by this authority. Hence,

8. The allowance made to a factor or commission-merchant for transacting business, which is a certain rate per cent. of the value of the goods bought or sold.

COMMISSION of bankruptcy, is a commission issuing from the Chancellor in Great Britain, and in other countries, from some proper authority, appointing and empowering certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alleged bankruptcy, and to secure the bankrupts lands and effects for the creditors.

COMMISSION of lunacy, is a commission issuing from the court of chancery, to authorize an inquiry whether a person is a lunatic or not.

COMMISSION-officer, in the army or navy, is an officer who has a commission in distinction from subaltern officers.

COMMISSIONAL,

COMMISSIONARY, adjective Appointed by warrant.

COMMISSIONARY, a. Appointed by warrant.

COMMISSIONED, participle passive Furnished with a commission; empowered; authorized.

COMMISSIONER, noun A person who has a commission or warrant from proper authority, to perform some office, or execute some business, for the person or government which employs him, and gives him authority; as commissoners for settling the bounds of a state, or for adjusting claims.

COMMISSIONING, participle present tense Giving a commission to; furnishing with a warrant; empowering by letters patent or other writing; authorizing.

COMMISSURE, noun

1. A joint, seam or closure; the place where two bodies or parts of a body meet and unite; an interstice or cleft between particles or parts, as between plates or lamellae.

2. In architecture, the joint of two stones, or application of the surface of one to that of another.

3. In anatomy, a suture of the cranium or skull; articulation; the corners of the lips. Also, certain parts in the ventricles of the brain, uniting the two hemispheres.

COMMIT, verb transitive Literally, to send to or upon; to throw, put or lay upon. Hence,

1. To give in trust; to put into the hands or power of another; to entrust; with to.

COMMIT thy way to the Lord. Psalms 37:5.

The things thou hast heard of me, commit to faithful men. 2 Timothy 2:2.

2. To put into any place for preservation; to deposit; as, to commit a passage in a book to memory; to commit the body to the grave.

3. To put or sent to, for confinement; as, to commit an offender to prison. Hence for the sake of brevity, commit is used for imprison. The sheriff has committed the offender.

These two were committed, at least restrained of their liberty.

4. To do; to effect or perpetrate; as, to commit murder, treason, felony, or trespass.

Thou shalt not commit adultery. Exodus 20:14.

5. To join or put together, for a contest; to match; followed by with; a latinism.

How does Philopolis commit the opponent with the respondent.

6. To place in a state of hostility or incongruity. Committing short and long words. But this seems to be the same signification as the foregoing.

7. To expose or endanger by a preliminary step or decision which cannot be recalled; as, to commit the peace of a country by espousing the cause of a belligerent.

You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship without committing the honor of your sovereign.

8. To engage; to pledge; or to pledge by implication.

The general--addressed letters to Gen. Gates and to Gen. Heath, cautioning them against any sudden assent to the proposal, which might possibly be considered as committing the faith of the United States.

And with the reciprocal pronoun, to commit ones self, is to do some act, or make some declaration, which may bind the person in honor, good faith, or consistency, to pursue a certain course of conduct, or to adhere to the tenor of that declaration.

9. To refer or entrust to a committee, or select number of persons, for their consideration and report; a term of legislation; as, the petition or the bill is committed. Is it the pleasure of the house to commit the bill?

COMMITMENT, noun

1. The act of committing; a sending to prison; a putting into prison; imprisonment. It is equivalent to sending or putting in simply; as a commitment to the tower, or to Newgate; or for the sake of brevity, omitting the name of the place, it is equivalent to putting into prison; as, the offender is secured by commitment

2. An order for confining in prison. But more generally we use mittimus.

3. The act of referring or entrusting to a committee for consideration; a term in legislation; as the commitment of a petition or a bill to a select number of persons for consideration and report.

4. The act of delivering in charge or entrusting.

5. A doing, or perpetration, as of sin or a crime; commission.

6. The act of pledging or engaging; or the act of exposing or endangering.

COMMITTED, participle passive Delivered in trust; given in charge; deposited; imprisoned; done; perpetrated; engaged; exposed; referred to a committee.

COMMITTEE, noun One or more persons, elected or appointed, to whom any matter or business is referred, either by a legislative body or either branch of it, or by a court, or by an corporation, or by any society, or collective body of men acting together. In legislative bodies, a house or branch of that body may resolve or form itself into a committee called a committee of the whole hose, when the speaker leaves the chair, and one of the members acts as chairman. Standing committees are such as continue during the existence of the legislature, and to these are committed all matters that fall within the purposes of their appointment; as the committee of elections, or of privileges, etc. Special committees are appointed to consider and report on particular subjects.

COMMITTEESHIP, noun The office and profit of committees.

COMMITTER, noun One who commits; one who does or perpetrates.

COMMITTIBLE, adjective That may be committed.

COMMITTING, participle present tense Giving in trust; depositing; imprisoning; perpetrating; engaging; referring to a committee; exposing.

COMMIX, verb transitive To mix or mingle; to blend; to mix, as different substances.

COMMIX, verb intransitive To mix; to mingle.

COMMIXED, participle passive Mixed; blended.

COMMIXING, participle present tense Mixing; blending.

COMMIXTION, noun Mixture; a blending of different ingredients in one mass or compound.

Mixion is used by Shakspeare, but is hardly legitimate.

COMMIXTURE, noun

1. The act of mixing; the state of being mingled; the blending of ingredients in one mass or compound.

2. The mass formed by mingling different things; composition; compound.

3. In Scots law, a method of acquiring property, by blending different substances belonging to different proprietors.

COMMODE, noun A kind of head dress formerly worn by ladies.

COMMODIOUS, adjective Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities; as a commodious house or room.

The haven was not commodious to winter in. Acts 27:12.

It is followed by for before a noun; as a place commodious for a camp.

COMMODIOUSLY, adverb Conveniently; in a commodious manner; suitable; in a manner to afford ease, or to prevent uneasiness; as a house commodiously situated; we may pass life commodiously without the restraints of ceremony.

COMMODIOUSNESS, noun Convenience fitness; suitableness for its purpose; as the commodiousness of a house or an apartment; the commodiousness of a situation for trade.

COMMODITY, noun

1. Primarily, convenience; profit; advantage; interest. Men seek their own commodity In this sense it was used by Hooker, Sidney, etc.; but this is nearly or wholly obsolete.

2. That which affords ease, convenience or advantage; any thing that is useful, but particularly in commerce, including every thing movable that is bought and sold, goods, wares, merchandize, produce of land and manufactures. Unless perhaps animals may be excepted, the word includes all the movables which are objects of commerce.

Commodities are movables, valuable by money, the common measure.

The principal use of money is to save the commutation of more bulky commodities.

Staple commodities are those which are the produce or manufacture of a country, and constitute the principal articles of exportation. Thus flour is the staple commodity of New-York and Pennsylvania; flour and tobacco, of Maryland and Virginia; cotton and rice, of S. Carolina and Georgia; cotton and sugar, of Louisiana.

COMMODORE, noun

1. The officer who commands a squadron or detachment of ships, destined on a particular enterprise. In the British marine, he bears the rank of a brigadier-general in the army, and his ship is distinguished by a broad red pendant, tapering to the outer end, and sometimes forked.

2. A title given by courtesy to the senior captain, when three or more ships of war are cruising in company.

3. The convoy or leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen, which carries a light in her top to conduct the other ships.

COMMODULATION, noun Measure; agreement.

COMMOIGNE, noun A monk of the same convent.

COMMON, adjective

1. Belonging equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely; as, life and sense are common to man and beast; the common privileges of citizens; the common wants of men.

2. Belonging to the public; having no separate owner. The right to a highway is common

3. General; serving for the use of all; as the common prayer.

4. Universal; belonging to all; as, the earth is said to be the common mother of mankind.

5. Public; general; frequent; as common report.

6. Usual; ordinary; as the common operations of nature; the common forms of conveyance; the common rules of civility.

7. Of no rank or superior excellence; ordinary. Applied to men, it signifies, not noble, not distinguished by noble descent, or not distinguished by office, character or talents; as a common man; a common soldier. Applied to things, it signifies, not distinguished by excellence or superiority; as a common essay; a common exertion. It however is not generally equivalent to mean, which expresses something lower in rank or estimation.

8. Prostitute; lewd; as a common woman.

9. In grammar, such verbs as signify both action and passion, are called common; as aspernor, I despise or am despised; also, such nouns as are both masculine and feminine, as parens.

10. A common bud, in botany, is one that contains both leaves and flowers; a common peduncle, one that bears several flowers; a common perianth, one that incloses several distinct fructification; a common receptacle, one that connects several distinct fructification.

COMMON divisor, in mathematics, is a number or quantity that divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder.

COMMON Law, in Great Britain and the United States, the unwritten law, the law that receives its binding force from immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinction from the written or statute law. That body of rules, principles and customs which have been received from our ancestors, and by which courts have been governed in their judicial decisions. The evidence of this law is to be found in the reports of those decisions, and the records of the courts. Some of these rules may have originated in edicts or statutes which are now lost, or in the terms and conditions of particular grants or charters; but it is most probable that many of them originated in judicial decisions founded on natural justice and equity, or on local customs.

COMMON pleas, in Great Britain, one of the kings courts, now held in Westminster-Hall. It consists of a chief justice and three other justices, and has cognizance of all civil causes, real, personal or mixed, as well by original writ, as by removal from the inferior courts. A writ of error, in the nature of an appeal, lies from this court to the court of kings bench.

In some of the American states, a court of common pleas is an inferior court, whose jurisdiction is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a county court. This court is variously constituted in different states, and its powers are defined by statutes. It has jurisdiction of civil causes, and of minor offenses; but its final jurisdiction is very limited; all causes of magnitude being removable to a higher Court by appeal or by writ of error.prayer, the liturgy of the Church of England, which all the clergy of the Church are enjoined to use, under a penalty.

COMMON recovery, a legal process for recovering an estate or barring entails.

COMMON time, in music, duple or double time, when the semibreve is equal to two minims.

In common equally with another, or with others; to be equally used or participated by two or more; as tenants in common; to provide for children in common; to assign lands to two persons in common or to twenty in common; we enjoy the bounties of providence in common

COMMON, noun

1. A tract of ground, the use of which is not appropriated to an individual, but belongs to the public or to a number. Thus we apply the word to an open ground or space in a highway, reserved for public use.

2. In law, an open ground, or that soil the use of which belongs equally to the inhabitants of a town or of a lordship, or to a certain number of proprietors; or the profit which a man has in the land of another; or a right which a person has to pasture has cattle on land of another, or to dig turf, or catch fish, or cut wood, or the like; called common of pasture, of turbary, of piscary, and of estovers.

COMMON, or right of common is appendant, appurtenant, because of vicinage, or in gross.

COMMON appendant is a right belonging to the owners or occupiers of arable land to put commonable beasts upon the lords waste, and upon the lands of other persons within the same manor. This is a matter of most universal right.

COMMON appurtenant may be annexed to lands in other lordships, or extend to other beasts, besides those which are generally commonable; this is not of common right, but can be claimed only b immemorial usage and prescription.

COMMON because of vicinage or neighborhood, is where the inhabitants of two townships, lying contiguous to each other, have usually intercommoned with one another, the beasts of the one straying into the others fields; this is a permissive right.

COMMON in gross or at large, is annexed to a mans person, being granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it may be claimed by prescriptive right, as by a parson of a church or other corporation sole.

COMMON, verb intransitive

1. To have a joint right with others in common ground.

2. To board together; to eat at a table in common

COMMON, adverb Commonly.

COMMONABLE, adjective

1. Held in common.

2. That may be pastured on common land.

COMMONABLE beasts are either beasts of the plow, or such as manure the ground.

COMMONAGE, noun The right of pasturing on a common; the joint right of using any thing in common with others.

COMMONALTY, noun

1. The common people. In Great Britain, all classes and conditions of people, who are below the rank of nobility.

The commonalty like the nobility, are divided into several degrees.

In the United States, commonalty has no very definite signification. It is however used to denote that part of the people who live by labor, and are not liberally educated, nor elevated by office or professional pursuits.

2. The bulk of mankind.

COMMONER, noun

1. One of the lower rank, or common people; one under the degree of nobility.

2. A member of the house of commons.

3. One who has a joint right in common ground.

4. A student of the second rank in the universities in England; one who eats at a common table.

5. A prostitute.

6. A partaker.

COMMONITION, noun Advice; warning; instruction.

COMMONITIVE, adjective Warning; monitory.

COMMONLY, adverb Usually; generally; ordinarily; frequently; for the most part; as, confirmed habits commonly continue through life.

COMMONNESS, noun

1. Frequent occurrence; a state of being common or usual.

2. Equal participation by two or more.

COMMONPLACE, noun A memorandum; a common topic.

COMMONPLACE, verb transitive To enter in a commonplace-book, or to reduce to general heads.

COMMONPLACE-book, a book in which are registered such facts, opinions or observations as are deemed worthy of notice or remembrance, so disposed that any one may be easily found. Hence common-place as used as an epithet to denote what is common or often repeated, or trite; as a commonplace observation.

COMMONS, noun plural

1. The common people, who inherit or possess no honors or titles; the vulgar.

2. In England, the lower house of Parliament, consisting of the representatives of cities, boroughs and counties, chosen by men possessed of the property or qualifications required by law. This body is called the House of commons The House of Representatives in North Carolina bears the same name.

3. Common grounds; land possessed or used by two or more persons in common.

4. Food provided at a common table, as in colleges, where many persons eat at the same table or in the same hall.

Their commons though but coarse, were nothing scant.

Doctors commons in London, a college founded by Dr. Harvey, for the professors of the civil law, where the civilians common together. The house was consumed in the great fire in 1666, but rebuilt in 1672. To this college belong thirty four proctors.

COMMONTY, noun In Scots law, land belonging to two or more common proprietors; or a heath or muir, of which there has been a promiscuous possession by pasturage.

COMMONWEAL,

COMMONWEALTH, noun

1. An established form of government, or civil polity; or more generally, a state; a body politic, consisting of a certain portion of men united by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of government and system of laws. This term is applied to the government of Great Britain, which is of a mixed character, and to other governments which are considered as free or popular, but rarely or improperly, to an absolute government. A commonwealth is properly a free state; a popular or representative government; a republic; as the commonwealth of Massachusetts. The word signifies strictly, the common good or happiness; and hence, the form of government supposed best to secure the public good.

2. The whole body of people in a state the public.

3. The territory of a state; as, all the land within the limits of the commonwealth.

COMMONWEALTH, n.

COMMONWEALTHSMAN, noun One who favors the commonwealth, or a republican government.

COMMORANCE, MORANCY, noun A dwelling or ordinary residence in a place; abode; habitation.

COMMORANT, adjective Dwelling; ordinarily residing; inhabiting.

All freeholders within the precinct--and all persons commorant therein--are obliged to attend the court-leet.

COMMORIENT, adjective Dying at the same time.

COMMOTHER, noun A godmother.

COMMOTION, noun

1. Agitation; as the commotion of the sea.

2. Tumult of people; disturbance; disorder, which may amount at times to sedition or insurrection; as the commotions of a state.

When ye hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified. Luke 21:9.

3. Agitation; perturbation; disorder of mind; heat; excitement.

He could not debate without commotion

COMMOTIONER, noun One who excites commotion.

COMMOVE, verb transitive To put in motion; to disturb; to agitate; to unsettle; a poetic word.

COMMUNE, verb intransitive

1. To converse; to talk together familiarly; to impart sentiments mutually, in private or familiar discourse; followed by with before the person.

And there will I meet and commune with thee. Exodus 25:22.

2. To have intercourse in contemplation or meditation.

COMMUNE with your own heart or your bed. Psalms 4:4.

3. To partake of the sacrament or Lords supper; to receive the communion; a common use of the word in America, as it is in the Welsh.

COMMUNE, noun A small territorial district in France--one of the subordinate divisions of the country introduced in the late revolution.

Communibus annis, one year with another; on an average.

Communibus locis, one place with another; on a medium.

COMMUNICABILITY, noun [See Communicate.] The quality of being communicable; capability of being imparted from one to another.

COMMUNICABLE, adjective

1. That may be communicated; capable of being imparted from one to another; as, knowledge is communicable by words.

Lost bliss, to thee no more communicable

Eternal life is communicable to all.

2. That may be recounted.

3. Communicative; ready to impart.

COMMUNICANT, noun One who communes at the Lords table; one who is entitled to partake of the sacrament, at the celebration of the Lords supper.

COMMUNICATE, verb transitive

1. To impart; to give to another, as a partaker; to confer for joint possession; to bestow, as that which the receiver is to hold, retain, use or enjoy; with to.

Where God is worshiped, there he communicates his blessings and holy influences.

Let him that is taught in the word communicate to him that teacheth in all good things. Galatians 6:6.

2. To impart reciprocally, or mutually; to have or enjoy a share of; followed by with.

Common benefits are to be communicated with all, but peculiar benefits with choice.

But Diamede desires my company,

And still communicates his praise with me.

3. To impart, as knowledge; to reveal; to give, as information, either by words, signs or signals; as, to communicate intelligence, news, opinions, or facts.

Formerly this verb had with before the person receiving; as, he communicated those thoughts only with the Lord Digby. Clarendon. But now it has to only.

4. To deliver, as to communicate a message; to give, as to communicate motion.

COMMUNICATE, verb intransitive

1. To partake of the Lords supper. Instead of this, in America, at least in New England, commune is generally or always used.

2. To have a communication or passage from one to another; to have the means of passing from one to another; as, two houses communicate with each other; a fortress communicates with the country; the canals of the body communicate with each other.

3. To have intercourse; applied to persons.

4. To have, enjoy or suffer reciprocally; to have a share with another.

Ye have done well that ye did communicate with my affliction. Philippians 4:14.

COMMUNICATED, participle passive Imparted from one to another; bestowed; delivered.

COMMUNICATING, participle present tense

1. Imparting; giving or bestowing; delivering.

2. Partaking of the sacrament of the Lords supper.

3. Leading or conducting from place to place, as a passage; connected by a passage or channel, as two lakes communicating with each other.

4. Having intercourse by words, letters or messages; corresponding.

COMMUNICATION, noun

1. The act of imparting, conferring, or delivering, from one to another; as the communication of knowledge, opinions or facts.

2. Intercourse by words, letters or messages; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or other means.

Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, Ye sought for David in times past to be king over you. 2 Samuel 3:17.

Let your communication be, yea, yea; nay, nay. Matthew 5:37.

In 1 Corinthians 15:33, Evil communications corrupt good manners, the word may signify conversation, colloquial discourses, or customary association and familiarity.

3. Intercourse; interchange of knowledge; correspondence; good understanding between men.

Secrets may be carried so far as to stop the communication necessary among all who have the management of affairs.

4. Connecting passage; means of passing from place to place; as a strait or channel between seas or lakes, a road between cities or countries, a gallery between apartments in a house, an avenue between streets, etc.

Keep open a communication with the besieged place.

5. That which is communicated or imparted.

The house received a communication from the Governor, respecting the hospital.

6. In rhetoric, a trope by which a speaker or writer takes his hearer or speaker as a partner in his sentiments, and says we, instead of I or you.

COMMUNICATIVE, adjective

1. Inclined to communicate; ready to impart to others. In the sense of liberal of benefits, though legitimate, it is little used.

2. Disposed to impart or disclose, as knowledge, opinions, or facts; free to communicate; not reserved.

We have paid for our want of prudence, and determine for the future to be less communicative

COMMUNICATIVENESS, noun The quality of being communicative; readiness to impart to others; freedom from reserve.

COMMUNICATORY, adjective Imparting knowledge.

COMMUNING, participle present tense Conversing familiarly; having familiar intercourse.

COMMUNING, noun Familiar converse; private intercourse.

COMMUNION, noun

1. Fellowship; intercourse between two persons or more; interchange of transactions, or offices; a state of giving and receiving; agreement; concord.

We are naturally led to seek communion and fellowship with other.

What communion hath light with darkness? 2 Corinthians 6:14.

2. Mutual intercourse or union in religious worship, or in doctrine and discipline.

The Protestant churches have no communion with the Romish church.

3. The body of Christians who have one common faith and discipline. The three grand communions into which the Christian church is divided, are those of the Greek, the Romish and the Protestant churches.

4. The act of communicating the sacrament of the Eucharist; the celebration of the Lords supper; the participation of the blessed sacrament. The fourth council of Lateran decrees that every believer shall receive the communion at least at Easter.

5. Union of professing Christians in a particular church; as, members in full communion

COMMUNION-service, in the liturgy of the Episcopal church, is the office for the administration of the holy sacrament.

COMMUNITY, noun

1. Properly, common possession or enjoyment; as a community of goods.

It is a confirmation of the original community of all things.

2. A society of people, having common rights and privileges, or common interests, civil, political or ecclesiastical; or living under the same laws and regulations. This word may signify a commonwealth or state, a body politic, or a particular society or order of men within a state, as a community of monks; and it is often used for the public or people in general, without very definite limits.

3. Commonness; frequency.

COMMUTABILITY, noun The quality of being capable of being exchanged, or put, one in the place of the other.

COMMUTABLE, adjective That may be exchanged, or mutually changed; that may be given for another. In philology, that may pass from one into another; as, the letter b is commutable with v; or in Celtic, b and mh are commutable

COMMUTATION, noun

1. Change; alteration; a passing from one state to another.

2. Exchange; the act of giving one thing for another; barter.

The use of money is to save the commutation of more bulky commodities.

3. In law, the change of a penalty or punishment from a greater to a less; as banishment instead of death.

Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for money agreed to be given as a commutation for penance.

COMMUTATIVE, adjective Relative to exchange; interchangeable; mutually passing from one to another; as commutative justice, justice which is mutually done and received, between men in society.

To cultivate an habitual regard to commutative justice.

COMMUTATIVELY, adverb By way of reciprocal exchange.

COMMUTE, verb transitive

1. To exchange; to put one thing in the place of another; to give or receive one thing for another; as, to commute our labors; to commute pain for pleasure.

2. In law, to exchange one penalty or punishment for another of less severity; as, to commute death for transportation.

COMMUTE, verb intransitive To atone; to compensate; to stand in the place of; as, one penalty commutes for another.

COMMUTUAL, adjective Mutual; reciprocal; used in poetry.

There, with commutual zeal, we both had strove

In acts of dear benevolence and love.

COMPACT, adjective

1. Closely and firmly united, as the particles of solid bodies; firm; close; solid; dense. Stone, iron and wood are compact bodies. A compact leaf, in botany, is one having the pulp of a close firm texture.

2. Composed; consisting.

A wandering fire,

COMPACT of unctuous vapor.

3. Joined; held together.

A pipe of seven reeds, compact with wax together.

4. Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; as a compact discourse.

COMPACT, noun An agreement; a contract between parties; a word that may be applied, in a general sense, to any covenant or contract between individuals; but it is more generally applied to agreements between nations and states, as treaties and confederacies. So the constitution of the United States is a political contract between the States; a national compact Or the word is applied to the agreement of the individuals of a community.

The law of nations depends on mutual compacts, treaties, leagues, etc.

In the beginnings of speech there was an implicit compact founded on common consent.

COMPACT, verb transitive

1. To thrust, drive or press closely together; to join firmly; to consolidate; to make close; as the parts which compose a body.

Now the bright sun compacts the precious stone.

2. To unite or connect firmly, as in a system.

The whole body fitly joined together and compacted. Ephesians 4:16.

3. To league with.

Thou pernicious woman,

COMPACT with her thats gone.

4. To compose or make out of.

If he, compact of jars, grow musical.

In the two last examples, compact is used for compacted.

COMPACTED, participle passive Pressed close; firmly united, or connected.

COMPACTEDNESS, noun A state of being compact; firmness; closeness of parts; density, whence results hardness.

COMPACTING, participle present tense Uniting closely; consolidating.

COMPACTION, noun The act of making compact; or the state of being compact.

COMPACTLY, adverb Closely; densely; with close union of parts.

COMPACTNESS, noun Firmness; close union of parts; density.

COMPACTURE, noun Close union or connection of parts; structure well connected; manner of joining.

COMPAGES,

COMPAGES, noun A system or structure of many parts united.

COMPAGINATION, noun [See Compact.] Union of parts; structure; connection; contexture.

COMPANABLE, adjective Companionable.

COMPANABLENESS, noun Sociableness.

COMPANIABLE, adjective Social.

COMPANIABLENESS, noun Sociableness.

COMPANION, noun

1. One who keeps company with another; one with whom a person frequently associates, and converses. It differs from friend, says Johnson, as acquaintance from confidence. The word does not necessarily imply friendship; but a companion is often or generally a friend.

A companion of fools shall be destroyed. Proverbs 13:20.

2. One who accompanies another; as two persons meeting casually and traveling together are called companions. So soldiers are called companions in arms.

3. A partner; an associate.

Epaphroditus, my brother, and companion in labor, and fellow soldier. Philippians 2:25.

4. A fellow; a mate.

5. A sort of wooden porch placed over the entrance or stair case of the cabin in merchant ships. Hence the ladder by which officers ascend to and descend from the quarter deck is called the companion ladder.

COMPANIONABLE, adjective Fit for good fellowship; qualified to be agreeable in company; sociable; agreeable as a companion.

COMPANIONABLY, adverb In a companionable manner.

COMPANIONSHIP, noun

1. Fellowship; association.

2. Company; train.

COMPANY, noun

1. In military affairs, the soldiers united under the command of a captain; a subdivision of a regiment, consisting usually of a number from 60 to 100 men. But the number is indefinite.

2. Any assemblage of persons; a collection of men, or other animals, in a very indefinite sense. It may be applied to a small number, or any multitude whatever; as in scripture we read of a company of priests, a company of prophets, and an innumerable company of angels; also, a company of horses.

3. An assemblage of persons for entertainment or festivity; a party collected by invitation or otherwise.

4. Persons that associate with others for conversation or pleasure; society; as, let your children keep good company

5. The state of being a companion; the act of accompanying; fellowship; society.

I will keep thee company

We cannot enjoy the company of licentious men.

6. A number of persons untied for the same purpose, or in a joint concern; as a company of merchants or mechanics; a company of players. The word is applicable to private partnerships or to incorporated bodies of men. Hence it may signify a firm, house or partnership; or a corporation, as the East India company a banking or insurance company

7. The crew of a ship, including the officers; also, a fleet.

To bear company to accompany; to attend; to go with; denoting a temporary association.

His faithful dog shall bear him company

To keep company to accompany; to attend; also, to associate with frequently or habitually; hence, to frequent public houses. Proverbs 29:3.

COMPANY, verb transitive To accompany; to attend; to go with; to be companion to.

COMPANY, verb intransitive

1. To associate with; to frequent the company of.

I wrote you not to company with fornicators. 1 Corinthians 5:9.

2. To be a gay companion.

3. To have commerce with the other sex.

COMPARABLE, adjective That may be compared; worthy of comparison; being of equal regard; that may be estimated as equal.

There is no blessing of life comparable to the enjoyment of a discreet and virtuous friend.

The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold. Lamentations 4:2.

COMPARABLY, adverb In a manner or degree worthy to be compared, or of equal regard.

COMPARATIVE, adjective

1. Estimated by comparison; not positive or absolute. The comparative weight of a body, is that which is estimated by comparing it with the weight of another body. A body may be called heavy, when compared with a feather, which would be called light, when compared with iron. So of comparative good, or evil.

2. Having the power of comparing different things; as a comparative faculty.

3. In grammar, expressing more or less. The comparative degree of an adjective expresses a greater or less degree of a quantity, or quality, than the positive; as brighter, or more bright; smaller; finer; stronger; weaker.

COMPARATIVE anatomy, that branch of anatomy which treats of the anatomy of other animals than man, with a view to compare their structure with that of human beings, and thus to illustrate the animal functions, and particularly with reference to a more perfect knowledge of the functions of several parts of the human body.

COMPARATIVE, noun One who is equal or pretends to be an equal.

COMPARATIVELY, adverb In a state of comparison; by comparison; according to estimate made by comparison; not positively, absolutely or in itself. A thing is comparatively heavy, when it is compared with something less heavy. Paper is comparatively light or heavy; light, when compared with lead; and heavy, when compared with air.

How few, comparatively are the instances of a wise application of time and talents!

COMPARE, verb transitive

1. To set or bring things together in fact or in contemplation, and to examine the relations they bear to each other, with a view to ascertain their agreement or disagreement; as, to compare two pieces of cloth, two tables, or coins; to compare reasons and arguments; to compare pleasure with pain.

in comparing movable things, it is customary to bring them together, for examination. In comparing thins immovable or remote, and abstract ideas, we bring them together in the mind, as far as we are able, and consider them in connection. Comparison therefore is really collation, or it includes it.

2. To liken; to represent as similar, for the purpose of illustration.

Solon compared the people to the sea, and orators and counselors to the winds; for that the sea would be calm and quiet, it the winds did not trouble it.

In this sense compare is followed by to.

3. To examine the relations of thins to each other, with a view to discover their relative proportions, quantities or qualities; as, to compare two kingdoms, or two mountains with each other; to compare the number ten with fifteen; to compare ice with crystal; to compare a clown with a dancing master or a dandy.

In this sense compare is followed by with.

4. In grammar, to form an adjective in the degrees of comparison; as blackish, black, blacker, blackest.

5. To get; to procure; to obtain; as in Latin.

COMPARE, verb intransitive

1. To hold comparison; to be like or equal.

2. Simile; similitude; illustration by comparison.

[This noun is in use, but cannot be considered as elegant.]

COMPARED, participle passive Set together and examined with respect to likeness or unlikeness, agreement or disagreement; likened; represented as similar.

COMPARER, noun One who compares or makes a comparison.

COMPARING, participle present tense Examining the relations of thins to each other; likening.

COMPARISON, noun

1. The act of comparing; the act of considering the relation between persons or things, with a view to discover their agreement or resemblance, or their disagreement or difference.

We learn to form a correct estimate of men and their actions by comparison

2. The state of being compared.

If we rightly estimate what we call good and evil, we shall find it lies much in comparison

3. Comparative estimate; proportion.

Who is left among you that saw this house in its first glory? And how do you see it now? Is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing? Haggai 2:3.

4. In grammar, the formation of an adjective in its several degrees of signification; as strong, stronger, strongest; greenish, green, greener, greenest; glorious, more glorious, most glorious. In English, there are strictly four degrees of comparison

5. A simile, similitude, or illustration by similitude.

Whereto shall we liken the kingdom of God? Or with what comparison shall we compare it? Mark 4:30.

6. In rhetoric, a figure by which two things are considered with regard to a third, which is common to them both; as, a hero is like a lion in courage. Here courage is common to hero and lion, and constitutes the point of resemblance.

The distinction between similitude and comparison is, that the former has reference to the quality; the latter, to the quantity. comparison is between more and less; similitude is between good and gad. Hannibal--hung like a tempest on the declivities of the Alps--is a likeness by similitude. The sublimity of the scriptural prophets exceeds that of Homer, as much as thunder is louder than a whisper--is a likeness by comparison

But comparison has reference to quality as well as quantity.

COMPART, verb transitive To divide; to mark out a plan or design into its several parts, or subdivisions.

COMPARTED, participle passive Dividing or disposing into parts.

COMPARTING, participle present tense Dividing or disposing into parts.

COMPARTITION, noun

1. The act of dividing into parts. In architecture, the division or disposition of the whole ground-plot of an edifice, into its various apartments.

2. Division; part divided; a separate part; as, amphitheaters needed no compartitions.

COMPARTMENT, noun

1. A division or separate part of a general design, as of a picture, or of a ground-plot.

2. A design composed of several different figures, disposed with symmetry, for ornament; as a compartment of tiles or bricks, duly arranged, of various colors and varnished, to decorate a building. In gardening, compartments are assemblages of beds, plots, borders, walks, etc. In heraldry, a compartment is called also a partition.

COMPARTNER, noun A sharer.

COMPASS, noun

1. Stretch; reach; extent; the limit or boundary of a space, and the space included; applied to time, space, sound, etc. Our knowledge lies within a very narrow compass The universe extends beyond the compass of our thoughts. So we say, the compass of a year, the compass of an empire, the compass of reason, the compass of the voice.

And in that compass all the world contains.

2. A passing round; a circular course; a circuit.

Time is come round;

and where I did begin, thee shall I end:

My life has run its compass

They fetched a compass of seven days journey. 2 Kings 3:9. 2 Samuel 5:23. Acts 28:13.

3. Moderate bounds; limits of truth; moderation; due limits.

In two hundred years, (I speak within compass ) no such commission had been executed.

This sense is the same as the first, and the peculiar force of the phrase lies in the word within.

4. The extent or limit of the voice or of sound.

5. An instrument for directing or ascertaining the course of ships at sea, consisting of a circular box, containing a paper card marked with the thirty two points of direction, fixed on a magnetic needle, that always points to the north, the variation excepted. The needle with the card turns on a pin in the center of the box. In the center of the needle is fixed a brass conical socket or cap, by which the card hanging on the pin turns freely round the center. The box is covered with glass, to prevent the motion of the card from being disturbed by the wind.

6. compass or compasses, [or a pair of compasses, so named from its legs, but pair is superfluous or improper, and the singular number compass is the preferable name, ] an instrument for describing circles, measuring figures, etc., consisting of two pointed legs or branches, made of iron, steel or brass, joined at the top by a rivet, on which they move. There are also compasses of three legs or triangular compasses, cylindrical and spherical compasses with four branches, and various other kinds.

7. An instrument used in surveying land, constructed in the main like the mariners compass; but with this difference, that the needle is not fitted into the card, moving with it, but plays alone; the card being drawn on the bottom of the box, and a circle divided into 360 degrees on the limb. This instrument is used in surveying land, and in directing travelers in a desert or forest, miners, etc.

COMPASS-saw, a saw with a brad edge and thin back, to cut in a circular form.

COMPASS, verb transitive

1. To stretch round; to extend so as to embrace the whole; hence, to inclose, encircle, grasp or seize; as, to compass with the arms.

2. To surround; to environ; to inclose on all sides; sometimes followed by around, round or about.

Now all the blessings of a glad father compass thee about.

With favor wilt thou compass him as with a shield. Psalms 5:12.

The willows of the brook compass him about. Job 40:22.

3. To go or walk round.

Ye shall compass the city--and the seventh day ye shall compass the city seven times. Joshua 6:3.

For ye compass sea and land. Math. 23.

4. To besiege; to beleaguer; to block up. This is not a different sense, but a particular application.

Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side. Luke 19:43.

5. To obtain; to attain to; to procure; to bring within ones power; to accomplish.

If I can check my erring love, I will;

If not, to compass her Ill use my skill.

How can you hope to compass your designs?

6. To purpose; to intend; to imagine; to plot; to contrive; as we say, to go about to perform, but in mind only; as, to compass the death of the king.

COMPASSing and imaging the death of the king are synonymous terms; compass signifying the purpose or design of the mind or will, and not, as in common speech, the carrying such design to effect.

COMPASSED, participle passive Embraced; surrounded; inclosed; obtained; imagined.

COMPASSING, participle present tense

1. Embracing; going round; inclosing; obtaining; accomplishing; imagining; intending.

2. In ship-building, incurvated; arched.

COMPASSION, noun

1. A suffering with another; painful sympathy; a sensation of sorrow excited by the distress or misfortunes of another; pity; commiseration. compassion is a mixed passion, compounded of love and sorrow; at least some portion of love generally attends the pain or regret, or is excited by it. Extreme distress of an enemy even changes enmity into at least temporary affection.

He being full of compassion forgave their iniquity. Psalms 78:38.

His father had compassion and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him. Luke 15:20.

COMPASSION, verb transitive To pity.

COMPASSIONABLE, adjective Deserving of pity.

COMPASSIONATE, adjective Having a temper or disposition to pity; inclined to show mercy; merciful; having a heart that is tender, and easily moved by the distresses, sufferings, wants and infirmities of others.

There never was a heart truly great and generous, that was not also tender and compassionate

COMPASSIONATE, verb transitive To pity; to commiserate; to have compassion for.

COMPASSIONATEs my pains and pities me.

COMPASSIONATELY, adverb With compassion; mercifully.

COMPASSIONATENESS, noun The quality of being compassionate.

COMPATERNITY, noun [con and paternity.] The relation of a godfather to the person for whom he answers.

COMPATIBILITY, noun [See Compatible.] Consistency; the quality or power of coexisting with something else; suitableness; as a compatibility of tempers.

COMPATIBLE, adjective

1. Consistent; that may exist with; suitable; not incongruous; agreeable; followed by with; sometimes by to, but less properly.

The poets have joined qualities which by nature are the most compatible

The office of a legislator and of a judge are deemed not compatible

To pardon offenders is not always compatible with public safety.

COMPATIBLENESS, noun Consistency; fitness; agreement; the same as compatibility, which is generally used.

COMPATIBLY, adverb Fitly; suitably; consistently.

COMPATIENT, adjective Suffering together.

COMPATRIOT, noun A fellow patriot; one of the same country.

COMPATRIOT, adjective Of the same country.

COMPEER, noun An equal; a companion; an associate; a mate.

COMPEER, verb transitive To equal; to match; to be equal with.

COMPEL, verb transitive

1. To drive or urge with force, or irresistibly; to constrain; to oblige; to necessitate, either by physical or moral force.

Thou shalt not compel him to serve as a bound servant. Leviticus 25:39.

And they compel one Simon--to bear his cross. Mark 15:21.

Go out into the highways and hedges, and compel them to come in, that my house may be filled. Luke 14:23.

Circumstances compel us to practice economy.

2. To force; to take by force, or violence; to seize.

The subjects grief comes through commissions, which compel from each a sixth part of his substance.

3. To drive together; to gather; to unite in a crowd or company. A Latinism, compellere gregem.

In one troop compelled.

4. To seize; to overpower; to hold.

And easy sleep their weary limbs compelled.

5. To call forth, Latin compeller.