C, the third letter in the English alphabet, and the second articulation or consonant, is a palatal, nearly corresponding in sound with the Greek x, kappa, and with the Hebrew, caph. It bears a middle place in pronunciation, between the aspirate, and the palatal. It is a Roman character, borrowed from the Gr.x, or from the oriental, which was used in languages written from right to left, and when inverted and the corners rounded, becomes c In the old Etruscan, it was written with the corners rounded, but not inverted; in Arcadian, c as now written. That its sound in Latin was the same, or nearly the same, as that of kappa, may be known from the fact, that the Greeks, while the Latin was a living language, wrote kappa for the Roman c Perhaps the same character may be the basis of the Arabic.
As an abbreviature, c stands for Caius, Carolus, Caesar, condemno, etc., and CC for consulibus. As a numeral c stands for 100; CC for 200; etc. In music, c after the cliff, is the mark of common time.
In English, c has two sounds, or rather it represents two very different articulations of the organs; one close, like K, which occurs before a, o and u; the other, a sibilant, precisely like s, which occurs before E, I and Y. The former is distinguished in this vocabulary by c which may be called ke. In Russ. c is precisely the English s, as it was in the old Greek alphabet.
CAB, noun An oriental dry measure, being the sixth part of a seah or satum, and the eighteenth of an ephah; containing two pints and five sixths English and American corn measure.
CABAL, noun
1. A number of persons untied in some close design; usually to promote their private views in church or state by intrigue. A junto. It is sometimes synonymous with faction, but a cabal usually consists of fewer men than a party, and the word generally implies close union and secret intrigues. This name was given to the ministry of Charles II., Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale, the initials of whose names compose the word.
2. Intrigue; secret artifices of a few men united in a close design.
CABALA, [See the preceding word. It is from the sense of reception.] Tradition, or a mysterious kind of science among Jewish Rabbins, pretended to have been delivered to the ancient Jews by revelation, and transmitted by oral tradition; serving for the interpretation of difficult passages of scripture. This science consists chiefly in understanding the combination of certain letters, words and numbers, which are alleged to be significant. Every letter, word, number and accent of the law is supposed to contain a mystery, and the cabalists pretend even to foretell future events by the study of this science.
CABAL, verb intransitive To unite in a small party to promote private views by intrigue; to intrigue; to unite in secret artifices to effect some design.
CABALISM, noun The secret science of the cabalists.
CABALIST, noun
1. A Jewish doctor who professes the study of the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions.
2. In French commerce, a factor or agent.
CABALISTIC
CABALISTICAL, adjective Pertaining to the cabala, or mysterious science of Jewish traditions; containing an occult meaning.
CABALISTICAL, a. Pertaining to the cabala, or mysterious science of Jewish traditions; containing an occult meaning.
CABALISTICALLY, adverb In the manner of the cabalists.
CABALIZE, verb intransitive To use the manner or language of the cabalists.
CABALLER, noun One who unites with others in close designs to effect an object by intrigue; one who cabals.
CABALLINE, adjective Pertaining to a horse; as caballine aloes, so called from its being given to horses as a purge.
CABALLING, participle present tense Uniting in a cabal; intriguing in a small party.
CABARET, noun A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed.
CABBAGE, noun A genus of plants, called in botany Brassica, of several species; some of which are cultivated for food. The leaves are large and fleshy, the pods long and slender, and the seeds globular. The kinds most cultivated are the common cabbage called with us the drum-head, the Savoy, the broccoli, the cauliflower, the sugar-loaf, and the cole-wort.
Dogs cabbage a name given to the Thelygonum cynocrambe. Fam. of Plants.
Sea-cabbage, noun The sea-beach kale, or sea-colewort, a genus of plants, called crambe. They are herbaceous esculents, with perennial roots, producing large leaves like those of cabbage spreading on the ground.
CABBAGE, verb intransitive To form a head in growing; as a plant cabbages.
CABBAGE, verb transitive To, purloin or embezzle, as pieces of cloth, after cutting out a garment.
CABIAI, noun An animal of South America resembling a hog, living on the margins of lakes and rivers, and feeding on fish. It is a species of Cavy, called also thick-nosed tapir.
CABIN, noun
1. A small room; an inclosed place.
2. A cottage; a hut, or small house.
3. A tent; a shed; any covered place for a temporary residence.
4. An apartment in a ship for officers and passengers. In large ships there are several cabins, the principal of which is occupied by the commander. In small vessels, there is one cabin in the stern for the accommodation of the officers and passengers. The bed-places in ships are also called cabins.
CABIN, verb intransitive To live in a cabin; to lodge.
CABIN, verb transitive To confine in a cabin
CABINED, participle passive Inclosed; covered.
CABINET, noun
1. A closet; a small room, or retired apartment.
2. A private room, in which consultations are held.
3. The select or secret council of a prince or executive government; so called from the apartment in which it was originally held.
4. A piece of furniture, consisting of a chest or box, with drawers and doors. A private box.
5. Any close place where things of value are reposited for safe keeping.
6. A hut; a cottage; a small house.
CABINET, verb transitive To inclose.
CABINETED, participle passive Inclosed in a private apartment, or in a cabinet.
CABIREAN, noun One of the Cabiri.
CABIRIAN,
CABIRIC,
CABIRITIC, adjective Pertaining to the Cabiri, certain deities greatly venerated by the ancient Pagans, in Greece and Phenicia. The accounts of these deities are confused and contradictory. Some authors limit their number to four; some to three; others to two; while Sanchoniathon makes them to be eight. They were worshiped with particular honors in the isle of Samothrace; and their worship and mysteries are said to have been introduced into Greece by the Pelasgians. They were supposed to have a particular influence over the sea and maritime affairs.
In truth, the name which signifies great, or the mighty ones, seems to have been applied to the supposed beings that presided over the more striking operations of nature. Herod. ii.51. Paus. ix.25
CABLE, noun cabl. A large strong rope or chain, used to retain a vessel at anchor. It is made usually of hemp or iron, but may be made of other materials. Cables are of different sizes, according to the bulk of the vessel for which they are intended, from three to twenty inches in circumference. A cable is composed of three strands; each strand of three ropes; and each rope of three twists. A ships cable is usually 120 fathom, or 720 feet, in length. Hence the expression, a cables length.
Stream cable is a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy seas.
To pay out, or to veer out the cable is to slacken it that it may run out of the ship.
To serve the cable is to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its being worn or galled in the hawse.
To slip the cable is to let it run out end for end.
CABLED, adjective Fastened with a cable.
CABLET, noun A little cable.
CABOCHED,
CABOOSE, noun
1. The cook-room or kitchen of a ship. In smaller vessels, it is an inclosed fire-place, hearth or stove for cooking, on the main deck. In a ship of war, the cook room is called a galley.
2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship.
CABOOSE, n.
1. The cook-room or kitchen of a ship. In smaller vessels, it is an inclosed fire-place, hearth or stove for cooking, on the main deck. In a ship of war, the cook room is called a galley.2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship.CABOS, noun A species of eel-pout, about two feet long, whose flesh is well tasted.
CABOSHED, noun In heraldry, having the head cut close, so as to have no neck left.
CABRIOLE,
CABRIOLET, noun A gig; a one horse chair, a light carriage.
CABRIOLET, n. A gig; a one horse chair, a light carriage.
CABURE, noun A Brazilian bird of the owl kind, of the size of a thrush, of a beautiful umber color, spotted with white.
CABURNS, noun Small lines made of spun yarn, to bind cables, seize tackles, and the like.
CACAO or COCOA, noun The chocolate-tree, a species of the Theobroma, a native of the West Indies. This tree grows about twenty feet high, bearing pods which are oval and pointed. The nuts or seeds are numerous, and lodged in a white pithy substance.
CACCOONS, noun A plant called in botany Flevillea.
CACHALOT, noun A cetaceous fish, the physeter or spermaceti whale. The principal species are, the black headed with a dorsal fin, and the round-headed with a dorsal fin, and the round-headed, with out a fin on the back, and with a fistula in the snout. From this whale is obtained the spermaceti.
CACHECTIC,
CACHECTICAL, adjective [See Cachexy.] Having an ill habit of body; of a deranged or vitiated state of the body without fever.
CACHECTICAL, a. [See Cachery.] Having an ill habit of body; of a deranged or vitiated state of the body without fever.
CACHEXY, noun A vicious state of the powers of the body; a deranged state of the constitution, without fever or nervous disease.
CACHINNATION, noun A variety of chalcedony, which is a subspecies of quartz, usually milk white, some times grayish or yellowish white; opake or slightly translucent at the edges. Its fracture is even, or conchoidal with large cavities, sometimes dull, sometimes pearly or glossy. It often envelops common chalcedony; the two minerals being united by insensible shades. It also associates with flint and semi-opal.
CACK, verb intransitive To ease the body by stool.
CACKEREL, noun A fish which is said to void excrements when pursued. Others say, a fish which eaten produces lax bowels.
CACKLE, verb intransitive
1. To make a particular noise, as a goose or a hen.
2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling o a goose; to giggle, which is a word from the same root.
3. To prate; to prattle; to tattle; to talk in a silly manner.
CACKLE, noun
1. The broken noise of a goose or hen.
2. Idle talk; silly prattle.
CACKLER, noun
1. A fowl that cackles.
2. A tell-tale; a tattler.
CACKLING, participle present tense Making the noise of a goose or hen.
CACKLING, noun The broken noise of a goose or hen. Rome was saved by the cackling of a goose.
CACOCHYMIC,
CACOCHYMICAL, adjective [See Cacochymy.] Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood.
CACOCHYMICAL, a. [See Cacochymy.] Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood.
CACOCHYMY, noun A vicious state of the vital humors, especially of the blood, arising from a disorder of the secretions or excretions, or from contagion.
CACODEMON, noun An evil spirit.
CACOETHES, noun
1. A bad custom or habit; a bad disposition.
2. In medicine, an incurable ulcer.
CACOPHONY, noun
1. In rhetoric, an uncouth or disagreeable sound of words, proceeding from the meeting of harsh letters or syllables.
2. In medicine, a depraved voice; an altered state of the voice.
3. In music, a combination of discordant sounds.
CADAVER, noun A corpse.
CADAVEROUS, adjective
1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; wan; ghastly; as a cadaverous look.
2. Having the qualities of a dead body.
CADDIS, noun
1. A kind of tape or ribin.
2. A kind of worm or grub found in a case of straw.
CADDOW, noun A chough; a jack daw.
CADDY, noun A small box for keeping tea.
CADE, adjective Tame; bred by hand; domesticated; as a cade lamb.
CADE, verb transitive To bring up or nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to tame.
CADE, noun A barrel or cask. A cade of herrings is the quantity of five hundred; of sprats, a thousand.
CADENCE,
CADENCED, participle passive or adjective Having a particular cadence; as well cadenced music.
CADENCY, noun
1. A fall, a decline; a state of sinking.
2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, as at the end of a sentence; also, the falling of the voice in the general modulation of tones in reciting. In reading or speaking, a certain tone is taken, which is called the key, or key-note, on which mot of the words are pronounced, and the fall of the voice below this tone is called cadence.
The ordinary cadence is a fall of the last syllable of a sentence only.
3. The general tone of reading verse. The cadence of one line must be a rule to that of the next; as the sound of the former must slide gently into that which follows.
4. Tone; sound; as, hoarse cadence.
5. In music, repose; the termination of a harmonical phrase on a repose or on a perfect chord.
Also, the manner of closing a song; embellishment at the close.
6. In horsemanship, an equal measure or proportion observed by a horse in all his motions.
7. In heraldry, the distinction of families.
CADENCE, verb transitive To regulate by musical measure.
CADENE, noun A species of inferior carpet imported from the Levant.
CADENT, noun Falling down; sinking.
CADENZA, noun The fall or modulation of the voice in singing.
CADET, noun
1. The younger or youngest son.
2. A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a private mane, with a view to acquire military skill, and obtain a commission. His service is voluntary, but he receives pay, and thus is distinguished from a volunteer.
3. A young man, in a military school.
CADEW, noun A straw worm. [See Caddis.]
CADGE, verb transitive To carry a burden.
CADGER, noun One who brings butter, eggs and poultry to the market, from the country; a huckster.
CADI, noun In the Turkish dominions, a judge in civil affairs; usually the judge of a town or village, for the judge of a city or province is called Moula.
CADILLAC, noun A sort of pear.
CADMEAN,
CADMIA, noun An oxyd of zink which collects on the sides of furnaces where zink is sublimed, as in brass founderies. This substance is readily volatilized on charcoal, by the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, and it burns with the usual beautiful combustion of zink. Pulverized, mixed with charcoal powder, wrapped in sheet copper, and heated with the compound blowpipe, it readily forms brass.
CADMIAN, adjective Relating to Cadmus, a reputed prince of Thebes, who introduced into Greece, sixteen simple letters of the alphabet. These are called Cadmean letters.
This personage may be a fabulous being, or if such a person ever existed, he may have been named from his knowledge of letters, for in the ancient Persian, Kadeem signified language; Ir. Cuadham, to tell or relate; ceadach, talkative; ceadal, a story. Or he may have been name from his eminence or antiquity, kadam, to precede; Arabic, to excel; whence the sense of priority and antiquity; or his name may denote a man from the East.
CADMIUM, noun A metal discovered by M. Stromeyer, in 1817, in carbonate of zink, at Hanover. Its color is a fine white, with a shade of bluish gray, resembling that of tin. Its texture is compact, its fracture hackly, and it is susceptible of polish. It is ductile and malleable, and when fused, crystalizes in octahedrons. It melts below a red heat, and suffers no change in air.
CADUCEUS, noun In antiquity, Mercurys rod; a wand entwisted by two serpents, borne by Mercury as an ensign of quality and office. On medals, the caduceus is a symbol of good conduct, peace and prosperity. The rod represents power; the serpents, wisdom; and the two wings, diligence and activity.
CADUCITY, noun Tendency to fall.
CADUCOUS, adjective In botany, falling early; as caducous leaves, which fall before the end of summer. A caducous calyx falls before the corol is well unfolded.
CAECIAS, noun A wind from the northeast.
CAR, CAER CHAR, in names of places, is sometimes the Celtic caer a town or city, as in Caermarthen.
CAESARIAN. [See Cesarian.]
CAESURA. [See Cesura.]
CAFFEIN, noun A substance obtained from an infusion of unroasted coffee, by treating it with the muriate of tin.
CAFTAN, noun A Persian or Turkish vest or garment.
GAG, noun A small cask, or barrel, differing from the barrel only in size, and containing a few gallons, but not of any definite capacity. It is generally written Keg.
CAGE, verb transitive To confine in a cage; to shut up, or confine.
CAGIT, noun A beautiful green parrot of the Philippine isles.
CAGUI, noun A monkey of Brazil, of two species, one of them called the pongi, the other not more than six inches long. They are called also jacchus and oedipus.
CAIC or CAIQUE, noun A skiff belonging to a galley.
CAIMAN. [See Cayman.]
CAIC or CAIQUE noun A skiff belonging to a galley.
CAIRN, noun A heap of stones.
CAISSON, or CAISSOON, n.
1. A wooden chest into which several bombs are put, and sometimes gunpowder, to be laid in the way of an enemy, or under some work of which the enemy intend to possess themselves, and to be fired when they get possession.2. A wooden frame or chest used in laying the foundation of the pier of a bridge.3. An ammunition chest, or waggon.CAISSON, or CAISSOON noun
1. A wooden chest into which several bombs are put, and sometimes gunpowder, to be laid in the way of an enemy, or under some work of which the enemy intend to possess themselves, and to be fired when they get possession.
2. A wooden frame or chest used in laying the foundation of the pier of a bridge.
3. An ammunition chest, or waggon.
CAITIF, noun A mean villain; a despicable knave; it implies a mixture of wickedness and misery.
CAJEPUT, noun An oil from the East Indies, resembling that of cardamoms, obtained from the Melaleuca leucodendron.
CAJOLE, verb transitive To flatter; to soothe; to coax; to deceive or delude by flattery.
CAJOLER, noun A flatterer; a wheedler.
CAJOLERY, noun Flattery; a wheedling to delude.
CAJOLING, participle present tense Flattering; wheedling; deceiving.
CAJOTA, noun A Mexican animal resembling a wolf and a dog.
CAKE, noun
1. A small mass of dough baked; or a composition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients, baked in a small mass. The name is applied to various compositions, baked or cooked in different shapes.
2. Something in the form of a cake rather flat than high, but roundish; as a cake on a tree.
3. A mass of matter concreted; as a cake of ice.
In New England, a piece of floating ice in a river or lake.
4. A hard swelling on the flesh; or rather a concretion without such swelling.
CAKE, verb transitive To form into a cake or mass.
CAKE, verb intransitive To concrete, or form into a had mass, as dough in an oven, or as flesh or any other substance.
CAKE, verb intransitive To cackle.
CALABASH, noun
1. A vessel made of a dried gourd-shell or of the shell of a calabash tree, used for containing liquors, or goods, as pitch, rosin and the like.
2. A popular name of the gourd-plant, or Cucurbita.
CALADE, noun The slope or declivity of a rising manege-ground.
CALAITE, noun A name given to the turquois; which see.
CALAMANCO, noun A woolen stuff, of a fine gloss, and checkered in the warp.
CALAMAR, noun An animal, having an oblong body and ten legs. On the belly are two bladders containing a black fluid, which the animal emits when pursued. It is called also sea-sleeve and cuttle-fish.
CALAMBAC, noun Aloes-wood, xyloe-aloes, a drug, which is the product of a tree growing in China and some of the Indian isles. It is of a light spungy texture, very porous, and the pores so filled with a soft fragrant resin, that it may be indented by the fingers and chewed like mastich. It is also called tambac. The two coarser kinds are called lignum aloes, and calambour.
CALAMBOUR, noun A species of the aloes-wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac. This wood is used by cabinet-makers and inlayers.
CALAMIFEROUS, adjective Producing plants having a long, hollow, knotted stem.
CALAMINE, or calamin noun Lapis calaminaris, or cadmia fossilis; an ore of zink, much used in the composition of brass. This term is applied both to the siliceous oxyd and the native carbonate of zink. They an scarcely be distinguished by their external characters. They are generally compact, often stalactitic, and sometimes crystalized. Most of the calamines of England and Scotland are said to be carbonates.
CALAMINE, or CALAMIN, noun Lapis calaminaris, or cadmia fossilis; an ore of zink, much used in the composition of brass. This term is applied both to the siliceous oxyd and the native carbonate of zink. They an scarcely be distinguished by their external characters. They are generally compact, often stalactitic, and sometimes crystalized. Most of the calamines of England and Scotland are said to be carbonates.
CALAMINT, noun A plant, a species of Melissa, or baum, an aromatic plant, and a weak corroborant.
Water-calamint is a species of Mentha, or mint.
CALAMISTRATE, verb transitive To curl or frizzle the hair.
CALAMISTRATION, noun The act of curling the hair.
CALAMIT, noun A mineral, probably a variety of Tremolite. It occurs in imperfect or rounded prismatic crystals, longitudinally striated, and sometimes resembling a reed. Its structure is foliated; its luster vitreous, and more or less shining.
CALAMITOUS, adjective
1. Very miserable; involved in deep distress; oppressed with infelicity; wretched from misfortune; applied to men.
2. Producing distress and misery; making wretched; applied to external circumstances; as a calamitous event.
3. Full of misery; distressful; wretched; applied to state or condition.
CALAMITOUSLY, adverb In a manner to bring great distress.
CALAMITOUSNESS, noun Deep distress; wretchedness; misery; the quality of producing misery.
CALAMITY, noun Any great misfortune, or cause of misery; generally applied to events or disasters which produce extensive evils, as loss of crops, earthquakes, conflagrations, defeat of armies, and the like. But it is applied also to the misfortunes which bring great distress upon individuals.
The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise.
CALAMUS, noun
1. The generic name of the Indian cane, called also rotang. It is without branches, has a crown at the top, and is beset with spines.
2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula, a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk.
3. A rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parchment or papyrus.
4. A sort of reed, or sweet-scented cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. It is a knotty root, reddish without and white within, and filled with a spungy substance. It has an aromatic smell.
5. The sweet flag, called by Linne Acorus.
CALANDRE or CALENDER noun The French name of a species of insect of the beetle kind, very destructive in granaries.
CALANDRA, noun A species of lark, with a thick bill, the upper part of the body of a reddish brown, spotted with black, with a body thicker than the sky-lark.
CALANDRE or CALANDER, noun The French name of a species of insect of the beetle kind, very destructive in granaries.
CALANGAY, noun A species of white parrot.
CALASH, noun
1. A light chariot or carriage with very low wheels, used for taking the air in parks and gardens. It is open, or covered with mantles of cloth, that are let down at pleasure.
2. A cover for the head sometimes used by ladies.
CALCAR, noun In glass works, a kind of oven, or reverberating furnace, used for the calcination of sand and salt of potash, and converting them into frit.
CALCARATE, adjective Furnished with a spur; as a calcarate corol, in larksupr; a calcarate nectary, a nectary resembling a cocks spur.
CALCARIOUS, adjective Partaking of the nature of lime; having the qualities of lime; as calcarious earth or stone.
CALCAVALLA, noun A kind of sweet wine from Portugal.
CALCEATED, noun Shod; fitted with or wearing shoes.
CALCEDON, noun [See Chalcedony.] With jewelers, a foul vein, like chalcedony, in some precious stones.
CALCEDONIAN, adjective [See Chalcedony.] Pertaining to or resembling chalcedony.
CALCEDONIC,
CALCEDONY. See Chalcedony, the more correct orthography.
CALCEDONY. See Chalcedony, the more correct orthography.
CALCIFEROUS, adjective [of calx, lime, and muria, salt water.] A species of earth, of the muriatic genus, of a blue or olive green color, of the consistence of clay. It consists of calcarious earth and magnesia tinged with iron.
CALCINABLE, adjective [See Calcine.] That may be calcined; capable of being reduced to a friable state by the action of fire.
CALCINATE, verb transitive To calcine. [See Calcine.]
CALCINATION, noun [from calcine.]
1. The operation of expelling from a substance by heat, some volatile matter with which it is combined, or which is the cementing principle, and thus reducing it to a friable state. Thus chalk and carbonate of lime are reduced to lime by calcination or the expulsion of carbonic acid.
2. The operation of reducing a metal to an oxyd, or metallic calx. This is modern chemistry is called oxidation.
CALCINATORY, noun A vessel used in calcination.
CALCINE, verb transitive
1. To reduce a substance to a powder or to a friable state, by the action of heat; or to expel from a substance some volatile matter, combined with it, or forming its cementing principle, as the carbonic acid from limestone, or the water of crystalization from salts.
2. To oxydize, as a metal; to reduce to a metallic calx.
3. To dissolve; to destroy the principles which unite.
CALCINE, verb intransitive To be converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat.
CALCIUM, noun The metallic basis of lime.
CALCOGRAPHICAL, adjective [See Calcography.] Pertaining to calcography.
CALCOGRAPHY, noun An engraving in the likeness of chalk.
CALCULALATION, noun
1. The art, practice or manner of computing by numbers. The use of numbers, by addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division, for the purpose of arriving at a certain result. Thus computations in astronomy and geometry for making tables of numbers are called calculations.
2. The result of an arithmetical operation; computation; reckoning.
3. Estimate formed in the mind by comparing the various circumstances and facts which influence its determination.
CALCULARY, noun A congeries of little stony knots dispersed through the parenchyma of the pear and other fruits, formed by concretions of the sap.
CALCULATE, verb transitive
1. To compute; to reckon; to add, subtract, multiply or divide any sums, for the purpose of finding the amount, difference, or other result. This, to calculate the expenses of erecting a house, is to estimate and add together the several sums which each part of the materials and the work will cost.
2. To ascertain by the use of tables or numbers; as, to calculate an eclipse.
3. To form tables upon mathematical principles, as logarithms, ephemerides, etc.
4. To compute the situation of the planets at a certain time, for astrological purposes; as, to calculate the birth of a person.
5. To adjust by computation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of the means to the end; as, to calculate a system of laws for a free people. Religion is calculated for our benefit.
CALCULATE, verb intransitive To make a computation; as, we calculate better for ourselves than for others.
In popular use, this word is often equivalent to intend or purpose, that is, to make arrangements, and form a plan; as, a man calculated to go a journey. This use of the word springs from the practice of computing or estimating the various circumstances which concur to influence the mind in forming its determinations.
CALCULATED, participle passive Computed; reckoned; suited; adapted by design.
CALCULATING, participle present tense Computing; reckoining; adapting by design; adjusting.
CALCULATIVE, adjective Pertaining to calculation; tending to calculate.
CALCULATOR, noun One who computes or reckons; one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.
CALCULATORY, adjective Belonging to calculation.
CALCULE, noun Reckoning; computation.
CALCULOUS, adjective [Supra.]
1. Stony; gritty; hard like stone; as a calculous concretion.
2. In mathematics; Differential calculus, is the arithmetic of the infinitely small differences of variable quantities; the method of differencing quantities, or of finding an infinitely small quantity, which, being taken infinite times, shall be equal to a given quantity. This coincides with the doctrine of fluxions.
3. Exponential calculus, is a method of differencing exponential quantities; or of finding and summing up the differentials or moments of exponential quantities; or at least of bringing them to geometrical constructions.
4. Integral calculus, is a method of integrating or summing u moments or differential quantities; the inverse of the differential calculus.
5. Literal calculus, is specious arithmetic or algebra.
CALDRON, noun A large kettle or boiler, of copper, or other metal, furnished with a movable handle or bail, with which to hang it on a chimney hook.
CALECHE, [See Calash.]
CALEDONIAN, adjective Pertaining to Caledonia, an ancient name of Scotland. The termination ia, signifies a country, and was added by the Romans. Caledon signifies probably, the hill or town of the Gaels, or Caels, the primitive inhabitants.
CALEDONIAN, noun A native of Caledonia, now Scotland.
CALEFACIENT, adjective [See Calefaction, Calefy.] Warming; heating.
CALEFACIENT, noun That which warms or heats.
CALEFACTION, noun
1. The act or operation of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by the communication of heat from other bodies.
2. The state of being heated.
CALEFACTIVE,
CALEFACTOR, adjective [See Calefaction.] That makes warm or hot; that communicates heat.
CALEFACTOR, a. [See Calefaction.] That makes warm or hot; that communicates heat.
CALEFY, verb intransitive To grow hot or warm; to be heated.
CALEFY, verb transitive To make worm or hot.
CALENDAR, noun
1. A register of the year, in which the months, weeks, and days are set down in order, with the feasts observed by the church, etc.; an almanack. It was so named from the Roman Calendoe, the name given to the first day of the month, and written, in large letters, at the head of each month. [See Calends.]
2. A list of prisoners in the custody of the sheriff.
3. An orderly table or enumeration of persons of things. Calendar-month, a solar month as it stands in Almanacks.
CALENDAR, verb transitive To enter or write in a calendar
CALENDER, verb transitive To press between rollers, for the purpose of making smooth, glossy and wavy; as woolen and silk stuffs and linens.
CALENDER, noun A machine or hot press, used in manufactories to press cloths, for the purpose of making them smooth, even and glossy, laying the nap, watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of two thick rollers or cylinders, placed between boards or planks, the lower one being fixed, the upper one movable, and loaded with a great weight.
CALENDRER, noun The person who calenders cloth.
CALENDS, noun plural Among the Romans, the fist day of each month. The origin of this name is differently related. Varro supposes it to have originated in the practice of notifying the time of the new moon, by a priest who called out or proclaimed the fact, to the people, and the number of the calends or the day of the nones. Others alledge that the people be convened, the pontifex proclaimed the several feasts or holidays in the month; a custom which was discontinued in the year of Rom 450, when the fasti or calendar was set up in public places, to give notice of the festivals.
CALENTURE, noun A violent ardent fever, incident to persons in hot climates, especially natives of cooler climates. It is attended with delirium, and one of the symptoms is, that the person affected imagines the sea to be a green field, and sometimes attempting to walk in it, is lost.
CALF, noun
1. The young of the cow, or of the bovine genus of quadrupeds.
2. In contempt, a dolt; an ignorant, stupid person; a weak or cowardly man.
3. The thick fleshy part of the leg behind; so called from its protuberance.
4. The calves of the lips, in Hosea, signify the pure offerings of prayer, praise and thanks-giving.
CALIBER, noun
1. The diameter of a body; as the caliber of a column, or of a bullet.
2. The bore of a gun, or the extent of its bore.
CALIBER-compasses, calibers, or callipers, a sort of compasses made with arched legs to take the diameter of round bodies, as masts, shot, etc. The legs move on an arch of brass, on which are marked the inches and half inches, to show how far the points of the compasses are opened asunder.
CALIBER-rule, Gunners Callipers, an instrument in which a right line is so divided as that the first part being equal to the diameter of an iron or leaden ball of one pound weight, the other parts are to the first as the diameters of balls of two, three, four, etc. Pounds, are to the diameter of a ball of one pound. It is used by engineers, to determine, from a balls weight, its diameter or caliber and vice versa.
CALICE, noun A cup appropriately, a communion cup, or vessel used to administer the wine in the sacrament of the Lords supper. It is used by the Roman Catholics in the mass.
CALICO, noun [said to be from Calicut, in India.] Cotton cloth. In England, white or unprinted cotton cloth is called calico In the United States, calico is printed cotton cloth, having not more than two colors. I have never heard this name given to the unprinted cloth. calico was originally imported from India, but is now manufactured in Europe and the United States.
CALID, adjective Hot; burning; ardent.
CALIDITY, noun Heat.
CALIDUCT, noun Among the Ancients, a pipe or canal used to convey heat from a furnace to the apartments of a house.
CALIF, noun Written also caliph and kalif. A successor or vicar; a representative of Mohammed, bearing the same relation to him as the Pope pretends to bear to St. Peter. Among the Saracens, or Mohammedans, a calif is one who is vested with supreme dignity and power in all matters relating to religion and civil policy. This title is borne by the Grand Signior in Turkcy, and by the Sophi of Persia.
CALIFATE,
CALIGATION, noun Darkness; dimness; cloudiness.
In medical authors, caligation or caligo, is an opakeness or cloudiness of the anterior surface of the crystaline lens, causing dimness of sight; impaired sight from obstruction to the passage of light, or cataract.
CALIGINOUS, adjective Dim; obscure; dark.
CALIGINOUSNESS, noun Dimness; obscurity.
CALIGRAPHY,
CALIGRAPHYIC, noun [Infra.] Pertaining to elegant penmanship.
CALIGRAPHYIC, n. [Infra.] Pertaining to elegant penmanship.
CALIN, noun A compound metal, of which the Chinese make tea canisters and the like. The ingredients seem to be lead and tin.
CALIPHATE or KALIFATE, noun The office or dignity of a calif; or the government of a calif.
CALIVER, noun [from caliber.] A kind of handgun, musket or arquebuse.
CALK, verb transitive cauk.
1. To drive oakum or old ropes untwised, into the seams of a ship or other vessel, to prevent their leaking, or admitting water. After the seams are filled, they are covered with hot melted pitch or rosin, to keep the oakum from rotting.
2. In some parts of America, to set upon a horse or ox shoes armed with sharp points of iron, to prevent their slipping on ice; that is, to stop from slipping.
CALK, noun Cauk. In New-England, a sharp pointed piece of iron on a shoe for a horse or an ox, called in Great Britain calking; used to prevent the animal from slipping.
CALKED, participle passive Cauked. Having the seams stopped; furnished with shoes with iron points.
CALKER, noun Cauker. A man who calks; sometimes perhaps a calk or pointed iron on a house-shoe.
CALKIN, noun A calk.
CALKING, noun Cauking. In painting, the covering of the back side of a design with black lead, or red chalk, and tracing lines through on a waxed plate or wall or other matter, by passing lightly over each stroke of the design with a point, which leaves an impression of the color on the plate or wall.
CALL, verb transitive [Heb. To hold or restrain.] In a general sense, to drive; to strain or force out sound. Hence,
1. To name; to denominate or give a name. And God called the light day, and the darkness he called night. Genesis 1:5.
2. To convoke; to summon; to direct or order to meet; to assemble by order or public notice; often with together; as, the king called his council together; the president called together the congress.
3. To request to meet or come.
He sent his servants to call them that were bidden. Math. 22.
4. To invite.
Because I have called and ye refused. Proverbs 1:28.
5. To invite or summon to come or be present; to invite, or collect.
CALL all your senses to you.
6. To give notice to come by authority; to command to come; as, call a servant.
7. To proclaim; to name, or publish the name.
Nor parish clerk, who calls the psalm so clear.
8. To appoint or designate, as for an office, duty or employment.
See, I have called by name Bezaleel. Exodus 31:2.
Paul called to be an apostle. Romans 1:1.
9. To invite; to warn; to exhort. Isaiah 22:12.
10. To invite or draw into union with Christ; to bring to know, believe and obey the gospel.
Revelation 19:9
11. To own and acknowledge. Hebrews 2:11.
12. To invoke or appeal to.
I call God for a record. 2 Corinthians 1:23.
13. To esteem or account. Isaiah 47:5. Matthew 3:15.
To call down, to invite, or to bring down.
To call back, to revoke, or retract; to recall; to summon or bring back.
To call for, to demand, require or claim, as a crime calls for punishment; or to cause to grow. Ezekiel 36:29. Also, to speak for; to ask; to request; as, to call for a dinner.
To call in, to collect, as to call in debts or money; or to draw from circulation, as to call in clipped coin; or to summon together; to invite to come together; as, to call in neighbors or friends.
To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the faculties of the mind.
To call off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call off workmen from their employment.
To call up, to bring into view or recollection; as, to call u the image of a deceased friend; also, to bring into action, or discussion; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body.
To call over, to read a list, name by name; to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names.
To call out, to summon to fight; to challenge; also, to summon into service; as, to call out the militia.
To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory.
CALL, verb intransitive
1. To utter a loud sound, or to address by name; to utter the name; sometimes with to.
The angel of God called to Hagar. Genesis 21:3.
2. To stop, without intention of staying; to make a short stop; as, to call at the inn. This use Johnson supposes to have originated in the custom of denoting ones presence at the door by a call It is common, in this phrase, to use at, as to call at the inn; or on, as to call on a friend. This application seems to be equivalent to speak, D. Kallen. Let us speak at this place.
To call on, to make a short visit to; also, to solicit payment, or make a demand of a debt. In a theological sense, to pray to or worship; as, to call on the name of the Lord. Gen 4. To repeat solemnly.
To call out, to utter a loud voice; to bawl; a popular use of the phrase.
CALL, noun
1. A vocal address, of summons or invitation; as, he will not come at a call
2. Demand; requisition; public claim; as, listen to the calls of justice or humanity.
3. Divine vocation, or summons; as the call of Abraham.
4. Invitation; request of a public body or society; as, a clergyman has a call to settle in the ministry.
5. A summons from heaven; impulse.
St. Paul believed he had a call when he persecuted the Christians.
6. Authority; command.
7. A short visit; as, to make a call; to give one a call that is, a speaking to; D. Kallen. To give one a call is to stop a moment and speak or say a word; or to have a short conversation with.
8. Vocation; employment. In this sense calling is generally used.
9. A naming; a nomination.
10. Among hunters, a lesson blown on the horn, to comfort the hounds.
11. Among seamen, a whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to their duty.
12. The English name of the mineral called by the Germans tungsten or wolfram.
13. Among fowlers, the noise or cry of a fowl, or a pipe to call birds by imitating their voice.
14. In legislative bodies, the call of the house, is a calling over the names of the members, to discover who is absent or for other purpose; a calling of names with a view to obtain answers from the person named.
CALLAT, noun A trull, or a scold.
CALLET, verb intransitive To rail; to scold.
CALLED, participle passive Invited; summoned; addressed; named; appointed; invoked; assembled by order; recited.
CALLER, noun One who calls.
CALLET,
CALLIGRAPHY, noun Fair or elegant writing, or penmanship.
CALLING, noun
1. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtain an answer, as in legislative bodies.
2. Vocation; profession; trade; usual occupation, or employment.
Pope. Swift. 1 Corinthians 7:20
3. Class of persons engaged in any profession or employment.
4. Divine summons, vocation, or invitation.
Give all diligence to make your calling and election sure. 2 Peter 1:10.
CALLIOPE, noun Calliopy. In Pagan mythology, the muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry.
CALLIPERS. [See Caliber.]
CALLIX, noun
1. A cup
2. The membrane which covers the papillae in the pelvis of the human kidney. But it seem to be erroneously used for calyx, which see.
CALLOSITY, adjective Hardness, or bony hardness; the hardness of the cicatrix of ulcers.
CALLOUS, adjective
1. Hard; hardened; indurated; as an ulcer or some part of the body.
2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling.
CALLOUSLY, adverb In a hardened or unfeeling manner.
CALLOUSNESS, noun Hardness, induration, applied to the body; insensibility, applied to the mind or heart.
CALLOW, adjective Destitute of feathers, naked; unfledged; as a young bird.
CALLUS, noun Any cutaneous, corneous, or bony hardness, but generally the new growth of osseous matter between the extremities of fractured bones, serving to unite them; also a hardness in the skin; a hard, dense, insensible knob on the hands, feet, etc.
CALM, adjective
1. Still; quiet; being at rest; as the air. Hence not stormy or tempestuous; as a calm day.
2. Undisturbed; not agitated; as a calm sea.
3. Undisturbed by passion; not agitated or excited; quiet; tranquil; as the mind, temper, or attention.
CALM, noun Stillness; tranquillity; quiet; freedom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; applied to the elements, or the mind and passions.
CALM, verb transitive To still; to quiet; as the wind, or elements; to still, appease, allay or pacify, as the mind, or passions.
CALMER, noun The person or thing that calms, or has the power to till, and make quiet; that which allays or pacifies.
CALMING, participle present tense Stilling; appeasing.
CALMLY, adverb In a quiet manner; without disturbance, agitation, tumult, or violence; without passion; quietly.
CALMNESS, noun
1. Quietness; stillness; tranquillity; applied to the elements.
2. Quietness; mildness; unruffled state; applied to the mind, passions or temper.
CALMY, adjective Calm; quiet; peaceable.
CALOYERS, or CALOGERI noun Monks of the Greek church, of three orders; archari, or novices; ordinary professed, or microchemi; and the more perfect, called megalochemi. They are also divided into cenobites, who are employed in reciting their offices, from midnight to sunrise; anchorets, who retire and live in hermitages; and recluses, who shut themselves up in grottos and caverns, on the mountains, and live on alms furnished to them by the monasteries.
CALOMEL, noun A preparation of mercury, much used in medicine. It is called the submuriate or protochloride of mercury, and is prepared in various ways, by sublimation or precipitation, and also in the dry way. The following are the directions given in the last London Pharmacopoeia. Take of muriated quicksilver one pound, and of purified quicksilver, nine ounces; rub them together till the globules disappear; then sublime, and repeat the sublimation twice more successively.
CALORIC, noun The principle or matter of heat, or the simple element of heat. caloric may be defined, the agent to which the phenomena of heat and combustion are ascribed. caloric expands all bodies.
CALORIC, adjective Pertaining to the matter of heat.
CALORIFIC, adjective That has the quality of producing heat; causing heat; heating.
CALORIMETER, noun An apparatus for measuring relative quantities of heat, or the specific caloric of bodies; or an instrument for measuring the heat given out by a body in cooling, from the quantity of ice it melts, invented by Lavoisier and Laplace.
CALORIMOTOR, noun A galvanic instrument, in which the calorific influence or effects are attended by scarcely any electrical power.
CALOTE, noun
1. A cap or coif, of hair, satin or other stuff, worn in popish countries, as an ecclesiastical ornament.
2. In architecture, a round cavity or depression, in form of a cup or cap, lathed and plastered, used to diminish the elevation of a chapel, cabinet, alcove, etc., which would otherwise be too high for other pieces of the apartment.
CALOTTE,
CALOYERS, or CALOGERI, noun Monks of the Greek church, of three orders; archari, or novices; ordinary professed, or microchemi; and the more perfect, called megalochemi. They are also divided into cenobites, who are employed in reciting their offices, from midnight to sunrise; anchorets, who retire and live in hermitages; and recluses, who shut themselves up in grottos and caverns, on the mountains, and live on alms furnished to them by the monasteries.
CALP, noun A subspecies of carbonate of lime, of a bluish black, gray or grayish blue, but its streak is white, called also argillo-fer-ruginous limestone. It is intermediate between compact limestone and marl.
CALTROP, noun
1. A kind of thistle, the Latin tribulus, with a roundish prickly pericarp; on one side, gibbous, often armed with three or four daggers; on the other side, angular, converging with transverse cells. It grows in France, Italy and Spain, among corn, and is very troublesome, as the prickles run into the feet of cattle.
2. In military affairs, an instrument with four iron points, disposed in a triangular form, so that three of them being on the ground, the other points upward. These are scattered on the ground where an enemys cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by endangering the horses feet.
CALUMET, noun Among the aboriginals of America, a pipe, used for smoking tobacco, whose bowl is usually of soft red marble, and the tube a long reed, ornamented with feathers. The calumet is used as a symbol or instrument of peace and war. To accept the calumet is to agree to the terms of peace, and to refuse it, is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify contracts and alliances, to receive strangers kindly, and to travel with safety. The calumet of war, differently made, is used to proclaim war.
CALUMNIATE, verb transitive [See Calumny.] To accuse or charge one falsely, and knowingly, with some crime, offense, or something, disreputable; to slander.
CALUMNIATE, verb intransitive To charge falsely and knowingly with a crime or offense; to propagate evil reports with a design to injure the reputation of another.
CALUMNIATED, participle passive Slandered; falsely and maliciously accused of what is criminal, immoral, or disgraceful.
CALUMNIATING, participle present tense Slandering.
CALUMNIATION, noun False accusation of a crime or offense, or a malicious and false representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name.
CALUMNIATOR, noun One who slanders; one who falsely and knowingly accuses another of a crime or offense, or maliciously propagates false accusations or reports.
CALUMNIATORY, adjective Slanderous.
CALUMNIOUS, adjective Slanderous; bearing or implying calumny; injurious to reputation.
CALUMNIOUSLY, noun Slanderously.
CALUMNIOUSNESS, noun Slanderousness.
CALUMNY, noun Slander; false accusation of a crime or offense, knowingly or maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; false representation of facts reproachful to another, made by design, and with knowledge of its falsehood; sometimes followed by on. Neglected calumny soon expires.
CALVARY, noun
1. A place of skulls; particularly, the place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill west of Jerusalem. In catholic countries, a kind of chapel raised on a hillock near a city, as a place of devotion, in memory of the place where our Savior suffered.
2. In heraldry, a cross so called, set upon steps, resembling the cross on which our Savior was crucified.
CALVE, verb intransitive
1. To bring forth young, as a cow.
2. In a metaphorical sense, and sometimes by way of reproach, as when applied to the human race, to bring forth; to produce.
CALVER, verb transitive To cut in slices.
CALVER, verb intransitive To shrink by cutting, and not fall to pieces.
CALVILLE, noun A sort of apple.
CALVINISH, noun The theological tenets or doctrines of Calvin, who was born in Picardy in France, and in 1536, chosen professor of divinity, and minister of a church in Geneva. The distinguishing doctrines of this system are, original sin, particular election and reprobation, particular redemption, effectual grace in regeneration, or a change of heart by the spirit of God, justification by free grace, perseverance of the saints, and the trinity.
CALVINIST, noun A follower of Calvin; one who embraces the theological doctrines of Calvin.
CALVINISTIC,
CALVINISTICAL, adjective Pertaining to Calvin, or to his opinions in theology.
CALVINISTICAL, a. Pertaining to Calvin, or to his opinions in theology.
CALVISH, adjective Like a calf.
CALX, noun Properly lime or chalk; but more appropriately, the substance of a metal or mineral which remains after being subjected to violent heat, burning, or calcination, solution by acids, or detonation by niter, and which is or may be reduced to a fine powder. Metallic calxes are now called oxyds. They are heavier than the metal from which they are produced, being combined with oxygen.
CALX nativa, native calx a kind of marly earth, of a dead whitish color, which, in water, bubbles or hisses, and without burning, will make a cement, like lime or gypsum.
CALX viva, quick-lime, is lime not slaked.
CALYCINAL,
CALYCINE, adjective Pertaining to a calyx; situated on a calyx.
CALYCINE, a. Pertaining to a calyx; situated on a calyx.
CALYCLE, noun In botany, a row of small leaflets, at the base of the calyx, on the outside. The calycle of the seed is the outer proper covering or crown of the seed, adhering to it, to facilitate its dispersion.
CALYCULATE or CALYCLED adjective Having a calycle at the base on the outside
CALYCULATE or CALYCLED, adjective Having a calycle at the base on the outside; used of the calyx.
CALYPTER, noun The calyx of mosses, according to Linne; but not properly a calyx. It is a kind of vail, or cowl, which cove or is suspended over the tops of the stamens, like an extinguisher.
The calyptra of mosses is an appendage of the capsule or female flower. It at first closely invests the capsule, and its summit is the stigma. As the capsule approaches maturity, the calyptra is detached below, and appended to the stigma like a hood.
CALYX, noun plural calyxes. The outer covering of a flower, being the termination of the cortical epidermis or outer bark of the plant, which, in most plants, incloses and supports the bottom of the corol. In Linnes system, it comprehends the perianth, the involucrum, the ament, the spath, the glume, the calyptra, and the volva. But in general it signifies the perianth, and the leaves are generally green.
The opinion of Linne that the calyx is the continuation of the epidermis is now considered erroneous.
CALZOONS, noun Drawers.
CAMEO, CAMAIEU OR CAMAYEU, noun A peculiar sort of onyx; also, a stone on which are found various figures and representations of landscapes, a kind of lusus naturae, exhibiting pictures without painting. The word is said to be the oriental camehuia, a name given to the onyx, when they find, in preparing it, another color; as who should say, another color.
CAMEO, CAMAIEU, or CAMAYEU noun A peculiar sort of onyx; also, a stone on which are found various figures and representations of landscapes, a kind of lusus naturae, exhibiting pictures without painting. The word is said to be the oriental camehuia, a name given to the onyx, when they find, in preparing it, another color; as who should say, another color.
CAMBER, noun Among builders, camber or camber-beam is a piece of timber cut archwise, or with an obtuse angle in the middle, used in platforms, where long and strong beams are required. As a verb, this word signifies to bend, but I know not that it is used.
A cambered-deck, is one which is higher in the middle, or arched, but drooping or declining towards the stem and stern; also, when it is irregular.
CAMBERING, participle present tense or adjective Bending; arched; as, a deck lies cambering
CAMBIST, noun A banker; one who deals in notes, and bills of exchange.
CAMBRIC, noun A species of fine white linen, made of flax, said to be named from Cambray in Flanders, where it was first manufactured.
CAME, preterit tense of come, which see.
CAME, noun A slender rod of cast lead, of which glaziers make their turned lead.
CAMEL, noun
1. A large quadruped used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens, and for riders. As genus, the camel belongs to the order of Pecora. The characteristics are; it has no horns; it has six fore teeth in the under jaw; the canine teeth are wide set, three in the upper and two in the lower jaw; and there is a fissure in the upper lip. The dromedary of Arabian camel has one bunch on the back, four callous protuberances on the fore legs and two on the hind legs. The Bactrian camel has two bunches on the back. The Llama of South America is a smaller animal, with a smooth back, small head, fine black eyes, and very long neck. The Pacos or sheep of Chili his no bunch. Camels constitute the riches of an Arabian, without which he could neither subsist, carry on trade nor travel over sandy desarts. Their milk is his common food. By the camels power of sustaining abstinence rom drink, for many days, and of subsisting on a few coarse shrubs, he is peculiarly fitted for the parched and barren lands of Asia and Africa.
2. In Holland, camel [or Kameel, as Coxe writes it, ] is a machine for lifting ships, and bearing them over the Pampus, at the mouth of the river Y, or over other bars. It is also used in other places, and particularly at the dock in Petersburg, to bear vessels over a bar to Cronstadt.
CAMELOPARD, noun [camelus and pardalis.] The giraff, a species constituting the genus Camelopardalis. This animal has two straight horns, without branches, six inches long, covered with hair, truncated at the end and tufted. On the forehead, is a tubercle, two inches high, resembling another horn. The fore legs are not much longer than the hind ones, but the shoulders are of such a vast length, as to render the fore part of the animal much higher than the hind part. The head is like that of a stag; the neck is slender and elegant, furnished with a short mane. The color of the whole animal is a dirty white marked with large broad rusty spots. This animal is found in the central and eastern parts of Africa. It is timid and not fleet.
CAMEO, CAMAIEU, OR CAMAYEU, noun A peculiar sort of onyx; also, a stone on which are found various figures and representations of landscapes, a kind of lusus naturae, exhibiting pictures without painting. The word is said to be the oriental camehuia, a name given to the onyx, when they find, in preparing it, another color; as who should say, another color.
The word is applied by others to those precious stones, onyxes, carnelians and agates, on which lapidaries employ their art, to aid nature and perfect the figures.
The word is also applied to any gem on which figures may be engraved.
The word signifies also a painting in which there is only one color, and where the lights and shadows are of gold, wrought on a golden or azure ground. When the ground is yellow, the French call it cirage; when gray, grisaille. This work is chiefly used to represent bassorelievos.
Camera obscura, or dark chamber, in optics, an apparatus representing an artificial eye, in which the images of external objects, received through a double convex glass, are exhibited distinctly, and in their native colors, on a white matter, placed within the machine, in the focus of the glass.
CAMERADE, noun One who lodges or resides in the same apartment; now comrade, which see.
CAMERALISTIC, adjective Pertaining to finance and public revenue.
CAMERALISTICS, noun The science of finance or public revenue, comprehending the means of raising and disposing of it.
CAMERATE, verb transitive To vault; to ceil.
CAMERATED, adjective Arched; vaulted.
CAMERATION, noun An arching or vaulting.
CAMIS, noun A thin dress.
CAMISADE, noun An attack by surprise, at night, or at break of day, when the enemy is supposed to be in bed. This word is said to have taken its rise from an attack of this kind, in which the soldiers, as a badge to distinguish each other by, bore a shirt over their arms.
CAMISATED, adjective Dressed with a shirt outwards.
CAMLET, noun A stuff originally made of camels hair. It is now made, sometimes of wool, sometimes of silk, sometimes of hair, especially that of goats, with wool or silk. In some, the warp is silk and wool twisted together, and the woof is hair. The pure oriental camlet is made solely from the hair of a sort of goat, about Angora. Camlets are now make in Europe.
CAMLETED, adjective Colored or veined.
CAMMOC, noun A plant, petty whin or rest-harrow, Ononis.
CAMOMILE, noun A genus of plants, Anthemis, of many species. It has a chaffy receptacle; the calyx is hemispheric and subequal, and the florets of the ray are more than five. The common sort is a trailing perennial plant, has a strong aromatic smell, and a bitter nauseous taste. It is accounted carminative, aperient, and emollient.
CAMOUS,
CAMOUSED, adjective Depressed; crooked.
CAMOUSED, a. Depressed; crooked.
CAMOUSLY, adverb Awry.
CAMOYS, noun Flat; depressed; applied only to the nose, and little used.
CAMP, noun
1. The ground on which an army pitch their tents, whether for a night or a longer time.
2. The order or arrangement of tents, or disposition of an army, for rest; as, to pitch a camp Also, the troops encamped on the same field.
3. An army.
CAMP, verb transitive or I. To rest or lodge, as an army, usually in tents; to pitch a camp; to fix tents; but seldom used. [See Encamp.]
CAMPAIGN,
CAMPAIGNER, noun One who has served in an army several campaigns; an old soldier; a veteran.
CAMPAIGNER, n. One who has served in an army several campaigns; an old soldier; a veteran.
CAMPAIN, noun
1. An open field; a large open plain; an extensive tract of ground without considerable hills. [See Champaign.]
2. The time that an army keeps the filed, either in action, marches, or in camp, without entering into winter quarters. A campaign is usually from spring to autumn or winter; but in some instances, armies make a winter campaign.
CAMPAIGN, verb intransitive To serve in a campaign.
CAMPANA, noun The pasque-flower.
CAMPANIFORM, adjective In the shape of a bell; applied to flowers.
CAMPANULA, noun The bell-flower.
CAMPANULATE, adjective In the form of a bell.
CAMPESTRAL,
CAMPESTRIAN, adjective Pertaining to an open field; growing in a field or open ground.
CAMPESTRIAN, a. Pertaining to an open field; growing in a field or open ground.
CAMPHOR, noun Properly cafor. A solid concrete juice or exudation, from the laurus camphora, or Indian laurel-tree, a large tree growing wild in Borneo, Sumatra, etc. It is a whitish translucent substance, of granular or foliated fracture, and somewhat unctuous to the feel. It has a bitterish aromatic taste, and a very fragrant smell, and is a powerful diaphoretic.
CAMPHOR, verb transitive To impregnate or wash with camphor
CAMPHORATE, noun In chimistry, a compound of the acid of camphor, with different bases.
CAMPHORATE, adjective Pertaining to camphor, or impregnated with it.
CAMPHORATED, adjective Impregnated with camphor.
CAMPHORIC, adjective Pertaining to camphor, or partaking of its qualities.
CAMPILLA, noun A plant of a new genus, used by dyers.
CAMPING, participle present tense Encamping.
CAMPING, noun A playing at football.
CAMPION, noun A plant, the popular name of the lychnis.
CAMUS,
CAMIS, noun A thin dress.
CAN, noun A cup or vessel for liquors, in modern times made of metal; as a can of ale.
CAN, verb intransitive preterit tense could, which is from another root. [See Could.]
1. To be able; to have sufficient strength or physical power. One man can lift a weight which another can not. A horse can run a certain distance in a given time.
2. To have means, or instruments, which supply power or ability. A man can build a house, or fit out a ship, if he has the requisite property. A nation cannot prosecute a war, without money or credit. I will lend you a thousand dollars, if I can
3. To be possible.
Nicodemus said, How can these thing be? John 3:2.
4. To have adequate moral power. A man can indulge in pleasure, or he can refrain. He can restrain his appetites, if he will.
5. To have just or legal competent power, that is, right; to be free from any restraint of moral, civil or political obligation, or from any positive prohibition. We can use a highway for travel, for this is permitted by law. A man can or cannot hold an office. The Jews could not eat certain kinds of animals which were declared to be unclean. The House of Commons in England can impeach, but the House of Lords only can try impeachments. In general, we can do whatever neither the laws of God nor of man forbid.
How can I do this great wickedness and sin against God. Genesis 34:1.
I cannot go beyond the word of the Lord, my God, to do less or more. Numbers 22:1.
6. To have natural strength, or capacity; to be susceptible of; to be able or free to undergo any change, or produce any effect, by the laws and constitution of nature, or by divine appointment. Silver can be melted, but cannot be changed into gold.
CAN the rush grow without mire? Job 8:11.
CAN the fig tree bear olive berries? James 3:8.
CAN faith save him? James 2:14.
7. To have competent strength, ability, fortitude, patience, etc., in a passive sense. He cannot bear reproof. I cannot endure this impertinence.
This is a hard saying; who can hear it? John 6:44.
8. To have the requisite knowledge, experience or skill. Young men are not admitted members of college, till they can translate Latin and Greek. An astronomer can calculate an eclipse, though he can not make a coat.
9. To have strength of inclination or motives sufficient to overcome obstacles, impediments, inconvenience or other objection.
I have married a wife, and therefore I cannot come. Luke 9:1.
I cannot rise and give thee - yet because of him importunity, he will rise and give him. Luke 9:1.
10. To have sufficient capacity; as, a vessel can not hold or contain the whole quantity.
CAN, verb transitive To know.
CANADIAN, adjective Pertaining to Canada, an extensive country on the north of the United States.
CANADIAN, noun An inhabitant or native of Canada.
CANAIL, noun The coarser part of meal; hence, the lowest people; less; dregs; offscouring.
CANAKIN, noun A little can or cup.
CANAL, noun
1. A passage for water; a water course; properly, a long trench or excavation in the earth for conducting water, and confining it to narrow limits; but the term may be applied to other water courses. It is chiefly applied to artificial cuts or passages for water, used for transportation; whereas channel is applicable to a natural water course.
The canal from the Hudson to Lake Erie is one of the noblest works of art.
2. In anatomy, a duct or passage in the body of an animal, through which any of the juices flow, or other substances pass; as the neck of the bladder, and the alimentary canal
3. A surgical instrument; a splint.
CANALICULATE,
CANALICULATED, adjective Channelled; furrowed. In botany, having a deep longitudinal groove above, and convex underneath; applied to the stem, leaf, or petiole of plants.
CANALICULATED, a. Channelled; furrowed. In botany, having a deep longitudinal groove above, and convex underneath; applied to the stem, leaf, or petiole of plants.
CANARY, noun
1. Wine made in the canary isles.
2. An old dance. Shakespeare has used the word as a verb in a kind of cant phrase.
CANCEL, verb transitive
1. To cross the lines of a writing, and deface them; to blot out or obliterate.
2. To annul, or destroy; as, to cancel an obligation or a debt.
CANCELATED, adjective Cross-barred; marked with cross lines.
CANCELATION, noun The act of defacing by cross lines; a canceling.
CANCELED, participle passive Crossed; obliterated; annulled.
CANCELING, participle present tense Crossing; obliterating; annulling.
CANCER, noun
1. The crab or crab-fish. This genus of animals have generally eight legs, and two claws which serve as hands; two distant eyes, supported by a kind of peduncles, and they are elongated and movable. They have also two clawed palpi, and the tail is jointed. To this genus belong the lobster, shrimp, cray-fish, etc.
2. In astronomy, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac, represented by the form of a crab, and limiting the suns course northward in summer; hence, the sign of the summer solstice.
3. In medicine, a roundish, hard, unequal, scirrous tumor of the glands, which usually ulcerates, is very painful, and generally fatal.
CANCERATE, verb intransitive To grow into a cancer; to become cancerous.
CANCERATION, noun A growing cancerous, or into a cancer.
CANCEROUS, adjective Like a cancer; having the qualities of a cancer.
CANCEROUSNESS, noun The state of being cancerous.
CANCRIFORM, adjective
1. Cancerous.
2. Having the form of a cancer or crab.
CANCRINE, adjective Having the qualities of a crab.
CANCRITE, noun A fossil or petrified crab.
CANDENT, adjective Very hot; heated to whiteness; glowing with heat.
CANDICANT, adjective Growing white.
CANDID, adjective
1. White.
2. Fair; open; frank; ingenuous; free from undue bias; disposed to think and judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or prejudice; applied to persons.
3. Fair; just; impartial; applied to things; as a candid view, or construction.
CANDIDATE, noun
1. A man who seeks or aspires to an office; one who offers himself, or is proposed fro preferment, by election or appointment; usually followed by for; as a candidate for the office of sheriff.
2. One who is in contemplation for an office, or for preferment, by those who have power to elect or appoint, though he does not offer himself.
3. One who, by his services or actions, will or may justly obtain preferment or reward, or whose conduct tends to secure it; as a candidate for praise.
4. A man who is qualified, according to the rules of the church, to preach the gospel, and take the charge of a parish or religious society, and proposes to settle in the ministry.
5. One who is in a state of trial or probation for a reward, in another life; as a candidate for heaven or for eternity.
CANDIDLY, adverb Openly; frankly; without trick or disguise; ingenuously.
CANDIDNESS, noun Openness of mind; frankness; fairness; ingenuousness.
CANDIED, participle passive or adjective Preserved with sugar, or incrusted with it; covered with crystals of sugar or ice, or with matter resembling them; as candied raisins.
CANDLE, noun
1. A long, but small cylindrical body of tallow, wax or spermaceti, formed on a wick composed of linen or cotton threads, twisted loosely; used for a portable light of domestic use.
2. A light.
3. A light; a luminary. In scripture, the candle of the Lord is the divine favor and blessing, Job 14:1. 3.; or the conscience or understanding. Proverbs 20:27.
Excommunication by inch of candle is when the offender is allowed time to repent, while a candle burns, and is then excommunicated.
Sale by inch of candle is an auction in which persons are allowed to bid, only till a small piece of candle burns out.
Medicated candle in medicine, a bougie.
Rush-candles are used in some countries; they are made of the pith of certain rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease.
CANDLE-BERRY TREE, noun The Maraca cerifera, or wax-bearing myrtle; a shrub common in North America, from the berries of which a kind of wax or oil is procured, of which candles are made. The oil is obtained by boiling the berries in water; the oil rising to the surface is skimmed of, and when cool, is of the consistence of wax, and of a dull green color. In popular language, this is called bayberry tallow.
CANDLEMAS, noun The feast of the church celebrated on the second day of February, in honor of the purification of the Virgin Mary; so called from the great number of lights used on that occasion. This feast is supposed to have originated in the declaration of Simeon, that our Savior was to be a light to lighten the Gentiles. On this day, the Catholics consecrate all the candles and tapers which are to be used in their churches during the whole year. In Rome, the pope performs the ceremony himself, and distributes wax candles to the cardinals and others, who carry them in procession through the great hall of the popes palace. The ceremony was prohibited in England by an order of council in 1548. But candlemas is one of the four terms for paying and receiving rents and interest; and it gives name to a law term, beginning Jan. 15, and ending Feb. 3.
CANDOC, noun A plant or weed tha grows in rivers.
CANDOR, noun Openness of heart; frankness; ingenuousness of mind; a disposition to treat subjects with fairness; freedom from tricks or disguise; sincerity.
CANDY, verb transitive
1. To conserve or dress with sugar; to boil in sugar.
2. To from into congelations or crystals.
3. To cover or incrust with congelations, or crystals of ice.
CANDY, verb intransitive To from into crystals, or become congealed; to take on the form of candied sugar.
CANDYING, participle present tense Conserving with sugar.
CANDYING, noun The act of preserving simples in substance, by boiling them in sugar.
CANE, noun
1. In botany, this term is applied to several species of plants belonging to several species of plants belonging to different genera, such as Arundo, Calamus, Saccharum, etc. Among these is the bamboo of the East Indies, with a strong stem, which serves for pipes, poles, and walking sticks. The sugar cane a native of Asia, Africa and America, furnishes the juice from which are made, sugar, melasses and spirit. [See Sugar cane ]
2. A walking stick.
3. A long measure, in several countries of Europe; at Naples, the length is 7 feet 3 inches; in Thoulouse in France, 5 feet 8 inches; in Provence, etc., 6 feet 5 inches.
CANE, verb transitive To beat with a cane or walking stick.
CANESCENT, adjective Growing white or hoary.
CANICULA,
CANICULAR, adjective Pertaining to the dog-star.
CANICULAR, a. Pertaining to the dog-star.
CANICULE, noun A star in the constellation of Canis Major, called also the dog-star, or Sirius; a star of the first magnitude, and the largest and brightest of all the fixed stars. From the rising of this heliacally, or at its emersion from the suns rays, the ancients reckoned their dog-days.
CANINE, adjective Pertaining to dogs; having the properties or qualities of a dog; as a canine appetite, insatiable hunger; canine madness, or hydrophobia.
CANINE teeth are two sharp pointed teeth in each jaw of an animal, one on each side, between the incisors and grinders; so named from their resemblance to a dogs teeth.
CANING, noun A beating with a stick or cane.
CANISTER, noun Properly, a small basket, as in Dryden; but more generally, a small box or case, for tea, coffee, etc.
CANKER, noun
1. A disease incident to trees, which causes the bark to rot and fall.
2. A popular name of certain small eroding ulcers in the mouth, particularly of children. They are generally covered with a whitish slough.
3. A virulent, corroding ulcer; or any thing that corrodes, corrupts or destroys.
Sacrilege may prove an eating canker
And their word will eat as doth a canker Tim. 2.
4. An eating, corroding, virulent humor; corrosion.
5. A kind of rose, the dog rose.
6. In farriery, a running thrush of the worst kind; a disease in horses feet, discharging a fetid matter from the cleft in the middle of the frog.
CANKER, verb intransitive To grow corrupt; to decay, or waste away by means of any noxious cause; to grow rusty, or to be oxydized, as a metal.
CANKERBIT, adjective Bitten with a cankered or envenomed tooth.
CANKERED, participle passive
1. Corrupted.
2. adjective Crabbed; uncivil.
CANKEREDLY, adverb Crossly; adversely.
CANKEROUS, adjective Corroding like a canker.
CANKERY, adjective Rusty
CANNABINE, adjective Pertaining to hemp; hempen.
CANNEQUIN, noun White cotton cloth from the East Indies, suitable for the Guinea trade.
CANNIBAL, noun A human being that east human flesh; a man-eater, or anthropophagite.
CANNIBALISM, noun
1. The act or practice of eating human flesh, by mankind.
2. Murderous cruelty; barbarity.
CANNIBALLY, adverb In the manner of a cannibal.
CANNON, noun A large military engine for throwing balls, and other instruments of death, by the force of gun powder. Guns of this kind are made of iron or brass and of different sizes, carrying balls from three or four pounds, to forty eight pounds weight. In some countries, they have been made of much larger size. The smaller guns of this kind are called field pieces.
CANNONADE, noun The act of discharging cannon and throwing balls, for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town, ship or fort. The term usually implies an attack of some continuance.
CANNONADE, verb transitive To attack with heavy artillery; to throw balls, or other deadly weapons, as chain-shot or langrage, against an enemys army, town, fortress or ship; to batter with cannon shot.
CANNONADE, verb intransitive To discharge cannon; to play with large guns.
CANNONEER,
CANINE, noun A man who manages cannon; an engineer.
CANNOT, [can and not.] These words are usually united, but perhaps without good reason; canst and not are never united.
CANNULAR, adjective Tubular; having the form of a tube.
CANOE, noun
1. A boat used by rude nations, formed of the body or trunk of a tree, excavated, by cutting or burning, into a suitable shape. Similar boats are now used by civilized men, for fishing and other purposes. It is impelled by a paddle, instead of an oar.
2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by savages.
CANON, noun
1. In ecclesiastical affairs, a law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the sovereign; a decision of matters in religion, or a regulation of policy or discipline, by a general or provincial council.
2. A law or rule in general.
3. The genuine books of the Holy Scriptures, called the sacred cannon, or general rule of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration.
4. A dignitary of the church; a person who possesses a prebend or revenue allotted for the performance of divine service in a cathedral or collegiate church.
A cardinal canon is one attached to a church, incardinatus, as a priest to a parish.
Domicellary canons, are young canons, not in orders, having no right in any particular chapters.
Expectative canons, having no revenue or prebend, but having the title and dignities of canons, a voice in the chapter and a place in the choir, till a prebend should fall.
Foreign canons, such as did not officiate in their canonries; opposed to mansionary or residentiary canons.
Lay, secular or honorary canons, laymen admitted out of honor or respect, into some chapter of canons.
Regular canons, who live in monasteries or in community, and who, to the practice of their rules, have added the profession of vows.
Tertiary canons, who have only the third part of the revenue of the canonicate.
5. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of the order.
6. A catalogue of saints acknowledged and canonized in the Romish Church.
7. The secret words of the mass from the preface to the Pater, in the middle of which the priest consecrates the host. The people are to rehearse this part of the service, on their knees, and in a voice lower than can be heard.
8. In ancient music, a rule or method for determining the intervals of notes, invented by Ptolemy.
9. In modern music, a kind of perpetual fugue, in which the different parts, beginning one after another, repeat incessantly the same air.
10. In geometry and algebra, a general rule for the solution of cases of a like nature with the present inquiry. Every last step of an equation is a canon
11. In pharmacy, a rule for compounding medicines.
12. In surgery, an instrument used in sewing up wounds.
CANON-law, is a collection of ecclesiastical laws, serving as the rule of church government.
CANONESS, noun A woman who enjoys a prebend, affixed, by the foundation, to maids, without obliging them to make any vows or renounce the world.
CANONICAL, adjective Pertaining to a canon; according to the canon or rule.
CANONICAL books or canonical scriptures, are those books of the scriptures which are admitted by the canons of the church, to be of divine origin. The Roman catholic church admits the Apocryphal books to be canonical; the Protestants reject them.
CANONICAL hours, are certain stated times of the day, fixed by the ecclesiastical laws, or appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion. In Great Britain, these hours are from eight oclock to twelve in the forenoon, before and after which marriage cannot be legally performed in the church.
CANONICAL obedience, is submission to the canons of a church, especially the submission of the inferior clergy to their bishops, and other religious orders to their superiors.
CANONICAL punishments, are such as the church may inflict, as excommunication, degradation, penance, etc.
CANONICAL life, is the method or rule of living prescribed by the ancient clergy who lived in community, a course of living prescribed for clerks, less rigid than the monastic and more restrained than the secular.
CANONICAL sins, in the ancient church, were those for which capital punishment was inflicted; as idolatry, murder, adultery, heresy, etc.
CANONICAL letters, anciently, were letters which passed between the orthodox clergy, as testimonials of their faith, to keep up the catholic communion, and to distinguish them from heretics.
CANONICAL epistles, is an appellation given to those epistles of the New Testament which are called general or catholic.
CANONICALLY, adverb In a manner agreeable to the canon.
CANONICALNESS, noun The quality of being canonical.
CANONICALS, noun plural The full dress of the clergy, worn when they officiate.
CANONICATE, noun The office of a canon.
CANONIST, noun A professor of cannon law; one skilled in the study and practice of ecclesiastical law.
CANONISTIC, adjective Having the knowledge of a canonist.
CANONIZATION, noun [See Canonize.]
1. The act of declaring a man a saint, or rather the act of ranking a deceased person in the catalogue of saints, called a canon. This act is preceded by beatification, and by an examination into the life and miracles of the person; after which the Pope decrees the canonization
2. The state of being sainted.
CANONIZE, verb transitive [from canon.] To declare a man a saint and rank him in the catalogue, called a canon.
CANONRY,
CANONSHIP, noun An ecclesiastical benefice, in a cathedral or collegiate church, which has a prebend or stated allowance out of the revenues of the church commonly annexed to it. The benifice filled by a canon. A prebend may subsist without a canonry; but a canonicate is inseparable from a prebend.
CANOPIED, adjective [See Canopy.] Covered with a canopy.
CANOPY, noun
1. A covering over a throne, or over a bed; more generally, a covering over the head. So the sky is called a canopy and a canopy is borne over the head in processions.
2. In architecture and sculpture, a magnificent decoration serving to cover and crown an altar, throne, tribunal, pulpit, chair or the like.
CANOPY, verb transitive To cover with a canopy
CANOROUS, adjective Musical; tuneful.
CANOROUSNESS, noun Musicalness.
CANT, verb transitive
1. In popular usage, to turn about, or to turn over, by a sudden push or thrust; as, to cant over a pail or a cask.
2. To toss; as, to cant a ball.
3. To speak with a whining voice, or an affected singing tone.
[In this sense, it is usually intransitive.]
4. To sell by auction, or to bid a price at auction.
CANT, noun
1. A toss; a throw, thrust or push with a sudden jerk; as, to give a ball a cant [This is the literal sense.]
2. A whining, singing manner of speech; a quaint, affected mode of uttering words either in conversation or preaching.
3. The whining speech of beggars, as in asking alms and making complaints of their distresses.
4. The peculiar words and phrases of professional men; phrases often repeated, or not well authorized.
5. Any barbarous jargon in speech.
6. Whining pretension to goodness.
7. Outcry, at a public sale of goods; a call for bidders at an auction.
This use of the word is precisely equivalent to auction, auctio, a hawking, a crying out, or in the vulgar dialect, a singing out, but I believe not in use in the U. States.
CANT, noun A nich; a corner or retired place.
CANT-timbers, in a ship, are those which are situated at the two ends.
CANTABRIAN, adjective Pertaining to Cantabria, on the Bay of Biscay, in Spain.
CANTALIVER, noun [cantle and eaves.] In architecture, a piece of wood, framed into the front or side of a house, to suspend the moldings and eaves over it.
CANTAR,
CANTARO, noun An eastern weight; at Acra in Turkey, 603 pounds; at Tunis and Tripoli, 114 pounds, In Egypt, it consists of 100 or 150 rotolos; at Naples, it is 25 pounds; at Genoa, 150; at Leghorn, 150, 151, Ruth 160:1.
At Alicant in Spain, the cantaro is a liquid measure of 3 gallons. In Cochin, a measure of capacity, of 4 rubies; the rubi, 32 rotolos.
CANTARO, n. An eastern weight; at Acra in Turkey, 603 pounds; at Tunis and Tripoli, 114 pounds, In Egypt, it consists of 100 or 150 rotolos; at Naples, it is 25 pounds; at Genoa, 150; at Leghorn, 150, 151, 0r 160.
At Alicant in Spain, the cantaro is a liquid measure of 3 gallons. In Cochin, a measure of capacity, of 4 rubies; the rubi, 32 rotolos.CANTATA, noun A poem set to music; a composition or song, intermixed with recitatives and airs, chiefly intended for a single voice.
CANTATION, adjective A singing.
CANTEEN, noun A tin vessel used by soldiers for carrying liquor for drink.
CANTELEUP, noun A variety of muskmelon.
CANTER, verb intransitive To move as a horse in a moderate gallop, raising the two fore feet nearly at the same time, with a leap or spring.
CANTER, verb transitive To ride upon a canter
CANTER, noun
1. A moderate gallop.
2. One who cants or whines.
CANTERBURY BELL, noun A species of campanula. [See Bell-Flower.]
CANTERBURY TALE, noun A fabulous story; so called from the tales of Chaucer.
CANTERING, participle present tense Moving or riding with a slow gallop.
CANTHARIDIN, noun That peculiar substance existing in the Meloe vesicatorius, or cantharides, which causes vesication.
CANTHARIS or plural CANTHARIDES, noun Spanish flies; a species of Meloe. This fly is nine or ten lines in length, of a shining green color, mixed with azure, and has a nauseous smell. It feeds upon the leaves of trees and shrubs, preferring the ash. These flies, when bruised, are universally used as a vesicatory, or blistering plaster. The largest come from Italy, but the best from Spain.
CANTHUS, noun An angle of the eye; a cavity at the extremities of the eyelids; the greater is next to the nose; the lesser, near the temple.
CANTICLE, noun
1. A song. In the plural, canticles, the Song of Songs or Song of Solomon, one of the books of the Old Testament.
2. A canto; a division of a song.
CANTILLATE, verb transitive To chant; to recite with musical tones.
CANTILLATION, noun A chanting; recitation with musical modulations.
CANTING, participle present tense
1. Throwing with a sudden jerk; tossing.
2. Speaking with a whine or song-like tone.
CANTINGLY, adverb With a cant.
CANTION, noun A song or verses.
CANTLE, noun A fragment; a piece; a portion.
CANTLE, verb transitive To cut into pieces; to cut out a piece.
CANTLET, noun A piece; a little corner; a fragment.
CANTO, noun A part or division of a poem, answering to what in prose is called a book. In Italian, canto is a song, and it signifies also the treble part, first treble, or highest vocal part.
CANTON, noun
1. A small portion of land, or division of territory; originally, a portion of territory on a border; also, the inhabitants of a canton
2. A small portion or district of territory, constituting a distinct state or government; as in Switzerland.
3. In heraldry, a corner of the shield.
4. A distinct part, or division; as the cantons of a painting or other representation.
CANTONAL, adjective Pertaining to a canton; divided into cantons.
CANTONED, participle passive Divided into distinct parts, or quarters; lodged in distinct quarters, as troops.
CANTONING, participle present tense Dividing into distinct districts; allotting separate quarters to each regiment.
CANTONIZE, verb transitive To canton, or divide into small districts.
CANTONMENT, noun A part or division of a town or village, assigned to a particular regiment of troops; separate quarters.
CANTRED,
CANTREF, noun A hundred villages, as in Wales.
CANTREF, n. A hundred villages, as in Wales.
CANVAS, noun
1. A coarse cloth made of hemp, or flax, used for tents, sails of ships, painting and other purposes.
2. A clear unbleached cloth, wove regularly in little squares, used for working tapestry with the needle.
3. Among the French, the rough draught or model on which an air or piece of music is composed, and given to a poet to finish. The canvas of a song contains certain notes of the composer, to show the poet the measure of the verses he is to make.
4. Among seamen, cloth in sails, or sails in general; as, to spread as much canvas as the ship will bear.
CANVASS, verb transitive
1. To discuss; literally, to beat or shake out, to open by beating or shaking, like the Latin Discutio. This is the common use of the word, as to canvass a subject, or the policy of a measure.
2. To examine returns of votes; to search or scrutinize; as, to canvass the votes for senators.
CANVASS, verb intransitive
1. To seek or go about to solicit votes or interest; to use efforts to obtain; to make interest in favor of; followed by for; as, to canvass for an office, or preferment; to canvass for a friend.
CANVASS, noun
1. Examination; close inspection to know the state of; as a canvass of votes.
2. Discussion; debate
3. A seeking, solicitation, or efforts to obtain.
CANVASSED, participle passive Discussed; examined.
CANVASSER, noun
1. One who solicits votes, or goes about to make interest.
2. One who examines the returns of votes for a public officer.
CANVASSING, participle present tense Discussing; examining; sifting; seeking.
CANVASSING, noun The act of discussing, examining, or making interest.
CANY, adjective [from cane.] Consisting of cane, or abounding with canes.
CANZONE, noun A song or air in two or three parts, with passages of fugue and imitation; or a poem to which music may be composed in the style of a cantata. When set to a piece of instrumental music, it signifies much the same as cantata; and when set to a sonata, it signifies allegro, or a brisk movement.
CANZONET, noun A little or short song, in one, two or three parts. It sometimes consists of two strains, each of which is sung twice. Sometimes it is a species of jig.
CAP, noun
1. A part of dress made to cover the head.
2. The ensign of a cardinalate.
3. The top, or the uppermost; the highest.
Thou art the cap of fools.
4. A vessel in form of a cap
5. An act of respect, made by uncovering the head.
CAP of cannon, a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep the priming dry; now called an apron.
CAP of maintenance, an ornament of state, carried before the Kings of England at the coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some cities.
In ship-building, a cap is a thick strong block of wood, used to confine two masts together, when one is erected at the head of another.
CAP, VT
1. To cover the top, or end; to spread over; as, a bone is capped at the joint with a cartilaginous substance.
The cloud-capped towers.
2. To deprive of the cap or take off a cap
To cap verses, is to name alternately verses beginning with a particular letter; to name in opposition or emulation; to name alternately in contest.
CAP, verb intransitive To uncover the head in reverence or civility.
CAP-a-pie, From head to foot; all over; as, armed cap-a-pie.
CAP-paper, noun A coarse paper, so called from being used to make caps to hold commodities.
CAP-sheaf, noun The top sheaf of a stack of grain; the crowner.
CAPABILITY, noun [See Capable.] The quality of being capable; capacity; capableness.
CAPABLE, adjective
1. Able to hold or contain; able to receive; sufficiently capacious; often followed by of; as, the room is not capable of receiving, or capable of holding the company.
2. Endued with power competent to the object; as, a man is capable of judging, or he is not capable
3. Possessing mental powers; intelligent; able to understand, or receive into the mind; having a capacious mind; as a capable judge; a capable instructor.
4. Susceptible; as, capable of pain or grief.
5. Qualified for; susceptible of; as, a thing is capable of long duration; or it is capable of being colored or altered.
6. Qualified for, in a moral sense; having legal power or capacity; as, a bastard is not capable of inheriting an estate.
7. Hollow.
CAPABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being capable; capacity; power of understanding; knowledge.
CAPACIFY, verb transitive To qualify.
CAPACIOUS, adjective
1. Wide; large; that will hold much; as a capacious vessel.
2. Broad; extensive; as a capacious bay or harbor.
3. Extensive; comprehensive; able to take a wide view; as a capacious mind.
CAPACIOUSNESS, noun
1. Wideness; largeness; as of a vessel.
2. Extensiveness; largeness; as of a bay.
3. Comprehensiveness; power of taking a wide survey; applied to the mind.
CAPACITATE, verb transitive [See Capacity.]
1. To make capable; to enable; to furnish with natural power; as, to capacitate one for understanding a theorem.
2. To endue with moral qualifications; to qualify; to furnish with legal powers; as, to capacitate one for an office.
CAPACITATED, participle passive Made capable; qualified.
CAPACITATION, noun The act of making capable.
CAPACITY, noun
1. Passive power; the power of containing, or holding; extent of room or space; as the capacity of a vessel, or a cask.
2. The extent or comprehensiveness of the mind; the power of receiving ideas or knowledge.
Let instruction be adapted to the capacities of youth.
3. Active power; ability; applied to men or things; but less common, and correct.
The world does not include a cause endued with such capacities.
4. State; condition; character; profession; occupation. A man may act in the capacity of a mechanic, of a friend, of an attorney, or of a statesman. He may have a natural or a political capacity
5. Ability, in a moral or legal sense; qualification; legal power or right; as, a man or a corporation may have a capacity to give or receive and hold estate.
6. In geometry, the solid contents of a body.
7. In chimistry, that state, quality or constitution of bodies, by which they absorb and contain, or render latent, any fluid; as the capacity of water for caloric.
CAPARISON, noun A cloth or covering laid over the saddle or furniture of a horse, especially a sumpter horse or horse of state.
CAPARISON, verb transitive
1. To cover with a cloth.
2. To dress pompously; to adorn with rich dress.
CAPCASE, noun A covered case.
CAPE, noun
1. A head land; properly the head, point or termination of a neck of land, extending some distance into the sea, beyond the common shore, and hence the name is applied to the neck of land itself, indefinitely, as in Cape-Cod, Cape-Horn, cape of Good Hope. It differs from a promontory in this, that it may be high or low land; but a promontory is a high bold termination of a neck of land.
2. The neck-piece of a cloke or coat.
CAPELAN, noun A small fish, about six inches in length, sholes of which appear off the coasts of Greenland, Iceland and New-foundland. They constitute a large part of the food of the Greenlanders.
CAPELLA, noun A bright fixed star in the left shoulder of the constellation Auriga.
CAPELLET, noun A kind of swelling, like a wen, growing on the heel of the hock on a horse, and on the point of the elbow.
CAPER, verb intransitive To leap; to skip or jump; to prance; to spring.
CAPER, noun A leap; a skip; a spring; as in dancing or mirth, or in the frolick of a goat or lamb.
CAPER, noun The bud of the caper-bush, which is much used for pickling. The buds are collected before the flowers expand, and preserved in vinegar. The bush is a low shrub, generally growing from the joints of old walls, from fissures in rocks and amongst rubbish, in the southern parts of Europe.
CAPERER, noun One who capers, leaps and skips about, or dances.
CAPERING, participle present tense Leaping; skipping.
CAPIAS, noun In law, a writ of two sorts; one before judgment, called a capias ad respondendum, where an original is issued, to take the defendant, and make him answer to the plaintiff; the other, which issues after judgment, is of divers kinds; as a capias ad satisfaciendum, or writ of execution; a capias pro fine; a capias utlagatum; a capias in withernam.
CAPIBAR, noun An animal partaking of the form of a hog and of a rabbit, the cabiai.
CAPILLACEOUS, adjective Hairy; resembling a hair. [See Capillary.]
CAPILLAIRE, noun A kind of sirrup, extracted rom maiden-hair.
CAPILLAMENT, noun
1. The filament, a small fine thread, like a hair, that grows in the middle of a flower, with a little knob at the top; a chive.
2. A FINE FIBER, OR FILAMENT, OF WHICH THE NERVES ARE COMPOSED.
CAPILLARY, adjective
1. Resembling a hair, fine, minute, small in diameter, though long; as a capillary tube or pipe; a capillary vessel in animal bodies, such as the ramifications of the blood vessels.
2. In botany, capillary plants are hair-shaped, as the ferns; a term used by Ray, Boerhaave and Morison. This class of plants corresponds to the order of Filices, in the Sexual method, which bear their flower and fruit on the back of the leaf or stalk.
This term is applied also to leaves which are longer than the setaceous or bristle-shaped leaf, to glands resembling hairs, to the filaments, to the style, and to the pappus or down affixed to some seeds.
CAPILLARY, noun A fine vessel or canal.
CAPILLATION, noun A blood vessel like a hair.
CAPILLIFORM, adjective In the shape or form of a hair, or of hairs.
CAPITAL, adjective
1. Literally, pertaining to the head; as a capital bruise, in Milton, a bruise on the head.
2. Figuratively, as the head is the highest part of a man, chief; principal; first in importance; as a capital city or town; the capital articles of religion.
3. Punishable by loss of the head or of life; incurring the forfeiture of life; punishable with death; as, treason and murder are capital offenses or crimes.
4. Taking away life, as a capital punishment; or affecting life, as a capital trial.
5. Great, important, though perhaps not chief; as, a town possesses capital advantages for trade.
6. Large; of great size; as capital letters, which are of different form, and larger than common letters.
CAPITAL stock, is the sum of money or stock which a merchant, banker or manufacturer employs in his business; either the original stock, or that stock augmented. Also, the sum of money or stock which each partner contributes to the joint fund or stock of the partnership; also, the common fund or stock of the company, whether incorporated or not.
A capital city or town is the metropolis or chief city of an empire, kingdom, state or province. The application of the epithet indicates the city to be the largest, or to be the seat of government, or both. In many instances, the capital that is, the largest city, is not the seat of government.
CAPITAL, noun The uppermost part of a column, pillar or pilaster, serving as the head or crowning, and placed immediately over the shaft, and under the entablature.
By the customary omission of the noun, to which the adjective, capital refers, it stand for,
1. The chief city or town in a kingdom or state; a metropolis.
2. A large letter or type, in printing.
3. A stock in trade, in manufactures, or in any business requiring the expenditure of money with a view to profit.
CAPITALIST, noun A man who has a capital or stock in trade, usually denoting a man of large property, which is or may be employed in business.
CAPITALLY, adverb
1. In a capital manner; nobly; finely.
2. With loss of life; as, to punish capitally
CAPITALNESS, noun A capital offense.
CAPITATE, adjective In botany, growing in a head, applied to a flower, or stigma.
CAPITATION, noun
1. Numeration by the head; a numbering of persons.
2. A tax, or imposition upon each head or person; a poll-tax. Sometimes written Capitation-tax.
CAPITE. In English law, a tenant in capite or in chief, is one who holds lands immediately of the king, caput, the head or Lord Paramount of all lands in the kingdom, by knights service or by soccage. This tenure is called tenure in capite; but it was abolished in England, by 12 Charles II. 24.
CAPITOL, noun
1. The temple of Jupiter in Rome, and a fort or castle, on the Mons Capitolinus. In this, the Senate of Rome anciently assembled; and on the same place, is still the city hall or town-house, where the conservators of the Romans hold their meetings. The same name was given to the principal temples of the Romans in their colonies.
2. The edifice occupied by the Congress of the United States in their deliberations. In some states, the State-house, or house in which the legislature holds its sessions; a government house.
CAPITOLIAN, adjective Pertaining to the capitol in Rome.
CAPITOLINE, adjective Pertaining to the capitol in Rome. The capitoline Games were annual games instituted by Camillus in honor of Jupiter Capitolinus, and in commemoration of the preservation of the capitol from the Gauls, and other games instituted by Domitian and celebrated every five years.
CAPITULAR,
CAPITULARLY, adverb In the form of an ecclesiastical chapter.
CAPITULARY, adjective Relating to the chapter of a cathedral.
CAPITULARLY, adv. In the form of an ecclesiastical chapter.
CAPITULARY, noun
1. An act passed in a chapter, either of knights, canons or religious.
2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of an ecclesiastical council. This name is also given to the laws, civil and ecclesiastical, made by Charlemagne, and other princes, in general councils and assemblies of the people. Some indeed have alledged that these are supplements to laws. They are so called, because they are divided into chapters or sections.
3. The member of a chapter.
CAPITULATE, verb intransitive
1. To draw up a writing in chapters, heads or articles. [But this sense is not usual.]
2. To surrender, as an army or garrison, to an enemy, by treaty, in which the terms of surrender are specified and agreed to by the parties. The term is applicable to a garrison or to the inhabitants of a besieged place, or to an army or troops in any situation in which they are subdued or compelled to submit to a victorious enemy.
CAPITULATION, noun
1. The act of capitulating, or surrendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms or conditions.
2. The treaty or instrument containing the conditions of surrender.
3. A reducing to heads.
4. In German polity, a contract which the Emperor makes with the electors, in the names of the princes and states of the empire, before he is raised to the imperial dignity.
CAPITULATOR, noun One who capitulates.
CAPITULE, noun A summary.
CAPIVI, noun A balsam of the Spanish West-Indies. [See Copaiba.]
CAPNOMANCY, noun Divination by the ascent or motion of smoke.
CAPOCH, noun A monks hood.
CAPON, noun A castrated cock; a cock-chicken gelded as soon as he quits his dam, or as soon as he begins to crow.
CAPON, verb transitive To castrate, as a cock.
CAPONNIERE, noun In fortification, a covered lodgment, sunk four or five feet into the ground, encompassed with a parapet, about two feet high, serving to support several planks, laden with earth. It is large enough to contain 15 or 20 soldiers, and is placed in the glacis, at the extremity of the counterscarp, and in dry moats, with embrasures or loop holes, through which the soldiers may fire.
CAPOT, noun A winning of all the tricks of cards at the game of piquet.
CAPOT, verb transitive To win all the tricks of cards at piquet.
CAPPER, noun [from cap.] One whose business is to make or sell caps.
CAPREOLATE, adjective In botany, having tendrils, or filiform spiral claspers, by which plants fasten themselves to other bodies, as in vines, peas, etc.
CAPRICE, noun A sudden start of the mind; a sudden change of opinion, or humor; a whim, freak, or particular fancy.
CAPRICIOUS, adjective Freakish; whimsical; apt to change opinions suddenly, or to start from ones purpose; unsteady; changeable; fickle; fanciful; subject to change or irregularity; as a man of a capricious temper.
CAPRICIOUSLY, adverb In a capricious manner; whimsically.
CAPRICIOUSNESS, noun
1. The quality of being led by caprice; whimsicalness; unsteadiness of purpose or opinion.
2. Unsteadiness; liableness to sudden changes; as the capriciousness of fortune.
CAPRICORN, noun One of the twelve signs of the zodiac, the winter solstice; represented on ancient monuments, by the figure of a goat, or a figure having the fore part like a goat and the hind part like a fish.
CAPRIFICATION, noun A method of ripening figs by means of a gnat or insect that pricks the bud.
CAPRIFOLE, noun Honeysuckle; woodbine.
CAPRIFORM, adjective Having the form of a goat.
CAPRIOLE, noun In the manege, caprioles are leaps that a horse makes in the same place without advancing, in such a manner that when he is at the highth of the leap, he jerks out with his hind legs, even and near. It differs from the croupade in this, that, in a croupade, a horse does not show his shoes, and from a balotade, in which he does not jerk out.
CAPRIPED, adjective Having feet like those of a goat.
CAPSICUM, noun Guinea pepper.
CAPSIZE, verb transitive To upset or overturn; a seamans phrase.
CAPSTAN, noun A strong massy column of timber, formed like a truncated cone, and having its upper extremity pierced to receive bars or levers, for winding a rope round it, to raise great weights, or perform other extraordinary work, that requires a great power. It may be let down through the decks of a ship, and so fixed that the work is performed by a horizontal motion.
CAPSULAR,
CAPSULARY, adjective
1. Hollow like a chest.
2. capsular ligament, is that which surrounds every movable articulation, and contains the synovia like a bag.
CAPSULARY, a.
1. Hollow like a chest.2. Capsular ligament, is that which surrounds every movable articulation, and contains the synovia like a bag.CAPSULATE,
CAPSULATED, adjective Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box.
CAPSULATED, a. Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box.
CAPSULE, noun
1. The seed vessel of a plant; a dry membranaceous hollow pericarp, opening differently in different plants. It is composed of valves or outer covering, partitions, the columella or central pillar, and cells.
2. A small saucer, made of clay for roasting samples or ores, or for melting them.
CAPTAIN, noun
1. Literally, a head or chief officer; appropriately, the military officer who commands a company, whether of infantry, cavalry, artillery or matrosses.
2. The commander of a ship of war, or of a merchantman. But the latter is often called a master.
3. The commander of a military band, a sense that occurs in the sciptures; as a captain of fifty.
4. A man skilled in war or military affairs; as, Lord Wellington is a great captain
5. A chief commander. Shak. But in this sense rarely used, but in composition.
CAPTAIN-GENERAL, is the commander in chief of an army, or of the militia. The governor of a state is Captain-General of the militia.
CAPTAIN-LIEUTENANT, is an officer, who with the rank of captain and pay of lieutenant, commands a company or troop. Thus the colonel of a regiment being the captain of the first company, that company is commanded by a Captain-Lieutenant.
CAPTAIN-BANSHAW, or Capudan Bashaw, in Turkey, is the High Admiral.
CAPTAIN, adjective Chief; valiant.
CAPTAINCY, noun
1. The rank, post or commission of a captain.
2. The jurisdiction of a captain, or commander, as in South America.
CAPTAINRY, noun The power or command over a certain district; chieftainship.
CAPTAINSHIP, noun
1. The condition or post of a captain or chief commander.
2. The rank, quality or post of a captain. In lieu of this captaincy is now used.
3. The command of a clan, or government of a certain district.
4. Skill in military affairs.
CAPTATION, noun The act or practice of catching favor or applause, by flattery or address.
CAPTION, noun
1. The act of taking, or apprehending by a judicial process.
2. A certificate signed by commissioners in Chancery, declaring when and where the commission was executed.
3. A preamble.
4. In Scots law, a writ issued at the instance of a creditor, commanding an officer to take and imprison the debtor, till he pays the debt.
CAPTIOUS, adjective
1. Disposed to find fault, or raise objections; apt to cavil, as in popular language, it is said, apt to catch at; as a captious man.
2. Fitted to catch or ensnare; insidious; as a captious question.
3. Proceeding from a caviling disposition; as a captious objection or criticism.
CAPTIOUSLY, adverb In a captious manner; with an inclination or intention to object, or censure.
CAPTIOUSNESS, noun Disposition to find fault; inclination to object; peevishness.
CAPTIVATE, verb transitive
1. To take prisoner; to seize by force; as an enemy in war.
2. To subdue; to bring into bondage.
3. To overpower and gain with excellence or beauty; to charm; to engage the affections; to bind in love.
4. To enslave; with to; as, captivated to error.
CAPTIVATE, adjective Taken prisoner.
CAPTIVATED, participle passive Made prisoner; charmed.
CAPTIVATING, participle present tense
1. Taking prisoner; engaging the affections.
2. adjective Having power to engage the affections.
CAPTIVATION, noun The act of taking a prisoner; a taking one captive.
CAPTIVE, noun
1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem in war, by an enemy; followed by to; as a captive to the victor.
2. One who is charmed or subdued by beauty or excellence; one whose affections are seized, or who is held by strong ties of love.
3. One who is ensnared by love or flattery, or by wiles. 2 Timothy 2:26.
4. A slave. Anciently captives were enslaved by their conquerors. But in modern times, they are not made slaves in Christian countries; and the word captive in a literal sense, rarely signifies a slave.
CAPTIVE, verb transitive To take prisoner; to bring into subjection.
CAPTIVITY, noun
1. The state of being a prisoner, or of being in the power of an enemy by force or the fate of war.
2. Subjection to love.
3. Subjection; a state of being under control.
Bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ. 2 Corinthians 10:5.
4. Subjection; servitude; slavery.
But I see another law in my members--bringing me into captivity to the law of sin. Romans 7:23.
To lead captivity captive, in scripture, is to subdue those who have held others in slavery, or captivity Psalms 98:1.
CAPTOR, noun One who takes, as a prisoner or a prize. It is appropriately one who takes a prize at sea.
CAPTURE, noun
1. In a general sense, the act of taking or seizing; as the capture of an enemy, of a ship, or of booty, by force, surprise or stratagem.
2. The thing taken; a prize; prey taken by force, surprise or stratagem.
3. Seizure; arrest as the capture of a criminal or debtor.
CAPTURE, verb transitive To take or seize by force, surprise or stratagem, as an enemy or his property; to take by force under the authority of a commission; as to capture a ship.
CAPTURED, participle passive Taken as a prize.
CAPTURING, participle present tense Seizing as a prize.
CAPUCCIO, noun A capuchin or hood.
CAPUCHED, adjective Covered with a hood.
CAPUCHIN, noun
1. A garment for females, consisting of a cloke and hood, made in imitation of the dress of capuchin monks.
2. A pigeon whose head is covered with feathers.
CAPUCHINS, noun Monks of the order of St. Francis, who cover their heads with a capuce, capuchon, a stuff-cap or cowl. They are clothed in brown or gray, go bare-footed, and never shave their faces.
CAPUCINE, noun A species of monkey, the sagoo or sai.
CAPULIN, noun The Mexican cherry.
CAR, CAER, CHAR, in names of places, is sometimes the Celtic Caer, a town or city, as in Caermarthen.
CAR, noun
1. A small vehicle moved on wheels, usually drawn by one horse.
2. In poetical language, any vehicle of dignity or splendor; a chariot of war, or of triumph.
3. The constellation called Charless wain or the bear.
CARABINE,
CARABINEER, noun A man who carries a carabine; one who carries a longer carabine than others, which is sometimes used on foot.
CARAC,
CARACK, noun A large ship of burden; a Portuguese Indiaman.
CARACK, n. A large ship of burden; a Portuguese Indiaman.
CARACOL, noun
1. In the manege, a semi-round, or half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or left. In the army, the cavalry make a caracol after each discharge, in order to pass to the rear of the squadron.
2. In architecture, a staircase in a helix or spiral form.
CARACOL, verb intransitive To move in a caracol; to wheel.
CARACOLY, noun A mixture of gold, silver and copper, of which are made rings pendants and other toys for the savages.
CARAT, noun
1. The weight of four grains, used by gold-smiths and jewelers in weighing precious stones and pearls.
2. The weight that expresses the fineness of gold. The whole mass of gold is divided into 24 equal parts, and as many 24th parts as it contains of pure gold, it is called gold of so many carats. Thus gold of twenty-two parts of pure metal, is gold of twenty-two carats. The carat in Great Britain is divided into four grains; among the Germans into twelve parts; and among the French into thirty-two.
3. The value of any thing.
CARAVAN, noun A company of travellers, pilgrims or merchants, marching or proceeding in a body over the deserts of Arabia, or other region infested with robbers.
CARAVANSARY, noun A place appointed for receiving and loading caravans; a kind of inn, where the caravans res at night, being a large square building, with a spacious court in the middle.
CARAVEL,
CARAWAY, noun A plant of the genus Carum, a biennial plant, with a taper root like a parsnip, which, when young, is good eating. The seeds have an aromatic smell and a warm pungent taste. They are used in cakes, incrusted with sugar, and distilled with spirituous liquors.
CARAWAY, n. A plant of the genus Carum, a biennial plant, with a taper root like a parsnip, which, when young, is good eating. The seeds have an aromatic smell and a warm pungent taste. They are used in cakes, incrusted with sugar, and distilled with spirituous liquors.
CARBINE, noun A short gun or fire arm, carrying a ball of 24 to the pound, borne by light horsemen, and hanging by a belt over the left shoulder. The barrel is two feet and a half long, and sometimes furrowed.
CARBON, noun Pure charcoal; a simple body, black, brittle, light and inodorous. It is usually the remains of some vegetable body, from which all its volatile matter has been expelled by heat. When crystalized, it forms the diamond; and by means of a galvanic apparatus, it is found to be capable of fusion.
CARBONACEOUS, adjective Pertaining to charcoal. [See Carbonic.]
CARBONADE,
CARBONADO, noun In cookery, flesh, fowl or the like, cut across, seasoned and broiled on coals.
CARBONADE, verb transitive To cut or hack.
CARBONADO, n. In cookery, flesh, fowl or the like, cut across, seasoned and broiled on coals.
CARBONATE, verb transitive In chimistry, a compound formed by the union of carbonic acid with a base; as the carbonate of lime; a carbonate of copper.
CARBONATED, adjective Combined with carbon.
CARBONCLE, noun
1. An anthrax; an inflammatory tumor, or painful gangrenous boil or ulcer.
2. A beautiful gem, of a deep red color, with a mixture of scarlet, called by the Greeks anthrax, found in the East Indies. It is foundpure, and adhering to a heavy ferruginous stone, of the emery kind. It is usually a quarter of an inch in length, and two-thirds of that in diameter, of an angular figure. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes exactly of the color of a burning coal.
The carbuncle of the ancients is supposed to have been a garnet.
3. In heraldry, a charge or bearing consisting of eight radii, four of which make a common cross, and the other four, a saltier.
CARBONIC, adjective Pertaining to carbon, or obtained from it. The carbonic acid is a saturated combination of carbon and oxygen. It has been called fixed air, aerial acid, mephitic gas, and cretaceous acid, or acid of chalk. It is found, in some places, in a state of gas; it exists in the atmosphere, and is disengaged from fermenting liquors, and from decomposing vegetable and animal substances. It is heavier than common air, and subsides into low places, vaults and wells.
CARBONIFEROUS, adjective Producing carbon, or coal.
CARBONIZATION, noun The act or process of carbonizing.
CARBONIZE, verb transitive To convert into carbon by combustion or the action of fire; to expel from wood or other substance all volatile matter.
CARBONIZED, participle passive Converted into carbon or charcoal.
CARBONOHYDROUS, adjective Composed of carbon and hydrogen.
CARBONOUS, adjective carbonous acid is carbon not fully saturated with oxygen.
CARBUNCLED, adjective Set with carbuncles; spotted.
CARBUNCULAR, adjective Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red; inflamed.
CARBUNCULATION, noun The blasting of the young buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or cold.
CARBURET, noun A combination of carbon with a metal, earth or alkali. A combination of carbon with a simple inflammable or a metal.
CARBURETED, adjective Combined with carbon, or holding carbon in colution; as carbureted hydrogen gas. carbureted hydrogen consists of one prime equivalent of each. carbureted hydrogen gas is called hydro-carbonate, being resolvable into carbonic acid and water, by combustion with oxygen. carbureted is applied to gaseous compounds. Thus we say carbureted hydrogen, instead of carburet of hydrogen.
CARCAJO, noun The glutton, a voracious carnivorous animal.
CARCANET, noun A chain or collar of jewels.
CARCASS, noun
1. The body of an animal; usually the body when dead. It is not applied to the living body of the human species, except in low or ludicrous language.
2. The decaying remains of a bulky thing, as of a boat or ship.
3. The frame or main parts of a thing, unfinished or without ornament. This seems to be the primary sense of the word. [See the next word.]
CARCASS, noun An iron case or hollow vessel, about the size of a bomb, of an oval figure, filled with combustible and other substances, as meal-powder, salt-peter, sulphur, broken glass, turpentine, etc., to be thrown from a mortar into a town, to set fire to buildings. It has two or three apertures, from which the fire blazes, and the light sometimes serves as a direction in throwing shells. It is equipped with pistol-barrels, loaded with powder to the muzzle, which explode as the composition burns down to them. This instrument is probably named from the ribs of iron that form it, which resemble the ribs of a human carcass
CARCELAGE, noun Prison fees.
CARCERAL, adjective Belonging to a prison.
CARCINOMA, noun A cancer; also, a turgesence of the veins of the eye.
CARCINOMATOUS, adjective Cancerous; like a cancer, or tending to it.
CARD, noun
1. A paper or pasteboard of a oblong figure, on which are painted figures or points; used in games.
2. A blank piece of paper, or the like paper with some writing upon it, used in messages of civility, or business.
3. The paper on which the points of the compass are marked.
Reason the card but passion is the gale.
CARD, verb intransitive To play much at cards; to gain.
CARD, noun An instrument for combing, opening and breaking wool or flax, freeing it from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter. It is made by inserting bent teeth of wire in a thick piece of leather, and nailing this to a piece of oblong board, to which a handle is attached.
CARD, verb transitive To comb, or open wool, flax, hemp, etc., with a card for the purpose of cleansing it of extraneous matter, separating the coarser parts, and making it fine and soft for spinning.
CARDAMINE, noun The plant, meadow cresses, or cuckow flower.
CARDAMOM, noun A plant of the genus Amomum, and its seeds, a native of India. The seeds of this plant, which grow in a pod, have a warm aromatic flavor, and are used in medicine.
CARDED, participle passive Combed; opened; cleansed with cards.
CARDER, noun One who cards wool; also, one who plays much at cards.
CARDIAC,
CARDIACAL, adjective
1. Pertaining to the heart.
2. Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; having the quality of stimulating action in the system, invigorating the spirits, and giving strength and cheerfulness.
CARDIAC, noun A medicine which excites action in the stomach, and animates the spirits.
CARDIACAL, a.
1. Pertaining to the heart.2. Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; having the quality of stimulating action in the system, invigorating the spirits, and giving strength and cheerfulness.CARDIALGY, noun The heart-burn, a violent sensation of heat and acrimony in the upper or left orifice of the stomach, seemingly at the heart, but rising into the oesophagus. It is called also the cardiac passion.
CARDINAL, adjective Chief, principal, preeminent, or fundamental; as the cardinal virtues, which Pagans supposed to be justice, prudence, temperance and fortitude.
CARDINAL, noun
1. An ecclesiastical prince in the Romish church, who has a voice in the conclave at the election of a Pope, who is taken from their number. The cardinals are divided into three classes or orders, containing six bishops, fifty priests, and fourteen deacons, making seventy. These constitute the sacred college, and compose the Popes council. Originally they were subordinate in rank to bishops; but they have now the precedence. The dress of a cardinal is a red soutaine or cassock, a rocket, a short purple mantle and a red hat.
2. A womans cloke.
CARDINAL-flower, a plant of the genus Lobelia, of many species. They are fibrous-rooted perennials, rising from two to five or six feet high, with erect stalks, ornamented with oblong, oval, spear-shaped simple leaves, and spikes of beautiful monopetalous flowers of scarlet, blue and violet colors. The natives of this country use a decoction of one species, the siphilitica, as a remedy in the venereal disease.
CARDINAL numbers, are the numbers, one, two, three, etc., in distinction from first, second, third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers.
CARDINAL points, in cosmography, are the four intersections of the horizon with the meridian, and the prime vertical circle, or North and South, East and West. In astrology, the cardinal points are the rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir.
CARDINAL signs, in astronomy, are Aries, Libra, Cancer and Capricorn.
CARDINAL winds, are those which blow from the cardinal points.
CARDINALATE,
CARDINALIZE, verb transitive To make a cardinal.
CARDINALIZE, v.t. To make a cardinal.
CARDINALSHIP, noun The office, rank or dignity of a cardinal.
CARDING, participle present tense
1. Combing, as flax, wool, etc.
2. The act of playing at cards.
CARDIOID, noun An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a heart.
CARDITE, noun Fossil or petrified shells of the genus Cardium.
CARDOON, noun A species of Cynara, resembling the artichoke, but larger.ARD-TABLE, noun The table appropriated to the use of gamesters, or used for playing cards on.
CARE, noun
1. Concern; anxiety; solicitude; nothing some degree of pain in the mind, from apprehension of evil.
They shall eat bread by weight and with care Ezekiel 4:16.
2. Caution; a looking to; regard; attention, or heed, with a view to safety or protection, as in the phrase, take care of yourself.
A want of care does more damage than a want of knowledge.
3. Charge or oversight, implying concern for safety and prosperity; as, he was under the care of a physician.
That which cometh upon me daily, the care of all the churches. 2 Corinthians 6:1.
4. The object of care or watchful regard and attention; as, Is she thy care?
CARE, verb transitive
1. To be anxious or solicitous; to be concerned about.
Master, carest thou not that we perish? Mark 4:19.
2. To be inclined or disposed; to have regard to; with for before a noun, and to before a verb. Not caring to observe the wind. Great masters in painting never care for drawing people in the fashion. In this sense the word implies a less degree of concern. The different degrees of anxiety expressed by this word constitute the chief differences in its signification or applications.
CAREEN, verb transitive In sea language, to heave or bring a ship to lie on one side, for the purpose of calking, repairing, cleansing, or paying over with pitch, the other side.
CAREEN, verb intransitive To incline to one side, as a ship under a press of sail.
CAREENED, participle passive Laid on one side; inclined.
CAREENING, participle present tense Heaving down on one side; inclining.
CAREENING, noun The act of heaving down on one side, as a ship.
CAREER, noun
1. A course; a race, or running; a rapid running; speed in motion.
2. General course of action or movement; procedure; course of proceeding.
Continue and proceed in honors fair career
3. The ground on which a race is run.
4. In the manege, a place inclosed with a barrier, in which they run the ring.
5. In falconry, a flight or tour of the hawk, about 120 yards.
CAREER, verb intransitive To move or run rapidly.
When a ship is decked out in all her canvas, every sail swelled, and careering gayly over the curling waves, how lofty, how gallant she appears!
CAREERING, participle passive Running or moving with speed.
CAREFUL, adjective [See Care.]
1. Full of care; anxious; solicitous.
Martha, thou art careful and troubled about many things. Luke 10:41.
2. Provident; attentive to support and protect; with of or for.
Thou hast been careful for us with all care. 2 Kings 4:13.
What could a careful father more have done. Dryden.
In present usage careful is generally followed by of; as, careful of health.
3. Watchful; cautious; giving good heed; as, be careful to maintain good works; be careful of your conversation.
4. Filling with care or solicitude; exposing to concern, anxiety or trouble; full of cares.
Raised to a careful height.
CAREFULLY, adverb
1. With care, anxiety, or solicitude.
Though he sought it carefully with tears. Hebrews 12:17.
2. Heedfully; watchfully; attentively; as, consider these precepts carefully
If thou carefully hearken to the Lord. Deuteronomy 9:1.
3. In a manner that shows care.
Envy, how carefully does it look. Collier.
4. Providently; cautiously..
CAREFULNESS, noun
1. Anxiety; solicitude.
Drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness Ezekiel 12:18.
2. Heedfulness; caution; vigilance, in guarding against evil, and providing for safety.
CARELESS, adjective [care and less. See Loose.]
1. Having no care; heedless; negligent; unthinking; inattentive; regardless; unmindful; followed by of or about; as a careless mother; a mother careless of or about her children, is an unnatural parent.
2. Free from care or anxiety; whence, undisturbed; cheerful.
Thus wisely careless innocently gay.
3. Done or said without care; unconsidered; as a careless throw; a careless expression.
4. Not regarding with care; unmoved by; unconcerned for; as, careless of money; careless of consequences.
5. Contrived without art.
CARELESSLY, adverb In a careless manner or way; negligently; heedlessly; inattentively; without care or concern.
CARELESSNESS, noun Heedlessness; inattention; negligence; manner without care.
CARENTANE, noun A papal indulgence, multiplying the remission of penance by forties.
CARESS, verb transitive To treat with fondness, affection, or kindness; to fondle; to embrace with tender affection; as a parent a child.
CARESS, noun An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing with tenderness; as conjugal caresses.
CARESSED, participle passive Treated or embraced with affection.
CARESSING, participle present tense Treating with endearment, or affection.
CARET, noun In writing, this mark ^, which shows that something, omitted in the line, is interlined above, or inserted in the margin, and should be read in that place.
CARGASON, noun A cargo; which see.
CARGO, noun The lading or freight of a ship; the goods, merchandize, or whatever is conveyed in a ship or other merchant vessel. The lading within the hold is called the inboard cargo in distinction from horses, cattle and other things carried on deck. The person employed by a merchant to proceed with, oversee and dispose of the lading, is called a supercargo.
CARGOOSE, noun A fowl belonging to the genus Colymbus, called the crested diver. The cheeks and throat are surrounded with a long pendant ruff, of a bright tawny color, edged with black. The breast and belly are of a silvery white. It weighs two pounds and a half.
CARIATED, adjective Carious. [See Carious.]
CARIBOO, noun A quadruped of the stag kind.
CARICA, noun The papaw, a tree bearing a fleshy fruit of the size of a small melon.
CARICATURE, noun A figure or description in which beauties are concealed and blemishes exaggerated, but still bearing a resemblance to the object.
CARICATURE, verb transitive To make or draw a caricature; to represent as more ugly than the life.
CARICATURIST, noun One who caricatures others.
CARICOGRAPHY, noun A description of the plants of the genus Carex or sedge.
CARICOUS, adjective Resembling a fig an epithet given to tumors that resemble a fig, such as occur often in the piles.
CARIES, noun The corruption or mortification of a bone; an ulcerated bone.
CARILLON, noun A little bell. Also, a simple air in music, adapted to the performance of small bells or clocks. [See Carol.]
CARINATE,
CARINATED, adjective In botany, shaped like the keel of a ship; having a longitudinal prominency on the back like a keel; applied to a calyx, leaf or nectary.
CARINATED, a. In botany, shaped like the keel of a ship; having a longitudinal prominency on the back like a keel; applied to a calyx, leaf or nectary.
CARINTHIN, noun A mineral from Carinthia, regarded as a variety of hornblend.
CARIOSITY, noun [See Caries.] Mortification, or ulceration of a bone.
CARIOUS, adjective Mortified; corrupted; ulcerated; as a bone.
CARK, noun Care; anxiety; concern; solicitude; distress.
CARK, verb intransitive To be careful, anxious, solicitous, concerned.
CARKING, participle passive Distressing; perplexing; giving anxiety.
CARLE, noun
1. A rude, rustic, rough, brutal man.
2. A kind of hemp.
CARLE, verb intransitive To act like a churl.
CARLINE, OR CAROLINE, noun A silver coin in Naples.
CARLING, noun A piece of timber in a ship, ranging fore and aft, from one deck beam to another, directly over the keel, serving as a foundation for the body of the ship. On these rest the ledges, on which the planks of the deck are made fast.
Carline-knees are timbers in a ship, lying across from the sides to the hatchway, and serving to sustain the deck.
CARLISH, CARLISHNESS. [See Churlish.]
CARLISH, CARLISHNESS [See Churlish.]
CARLOCK, noun A sort of isinglass from Russia, made of the sturgeons bladder, and used in clarifying wine.
CARLOT, noun A countryman. [See Carle.]
CARLOVINGIAN, adjective Pertaining to Charlemagne; as the carlovingian race of kings.
CARMAN, noun [car and man.] A man whose employment is to drive a cart, or to convey goods and other things in a cart.
CARMELIN,
CARMELITE, adjective Belonging to the order of Carmelites.
CARMELITE, noun [from Mount Carmel.]
1. A mendicant friar. The Carmelites have four tribes, and they have now thirty-eight provinces, besides the congregation in Mantua, in which are fifty-four monasteries, under a vicar general, and the congregations of barefooted Carmelites in Italy and Spain. They wear a scapulary, or small woolen habit, of a brown color, thrown over the shoulders.
2. A sort of pear.
CARMINATIVE, noun A medicine, which tends to expel wind, or to remedy colic and flatulencies.
CARMINE, noun A powder or pigment, of a beautiful red or crimson color, bordering on purple, and used by painters in miniature, though rarely, on account of its great price. It is prepared by dissolving cochineal in an alkaline lye, and precipitating it by alum.
CARNAGE, noun
1. Literally, flesh, or heaps of flesh, as in shambles.
2. Slaughter; great destruction of men; havock; massacre.
CARNAL, adjective
1. Pertaining to flesh; fleshly; sensual; opposed to spiritual; as carnal pleasure.
2. Being in the natural state; unregenerate.
The carnal mind is enmity against God. Romans 8:7.
3. Pertaining to the ceremonial law; as carnal ordinances. Hebrews 9:10.
4. Lecherous; lustful; libidinous; given to sensual indulgence.
CARNAL-knowledge, sexual intercourse.
CARNALIST, noun One given to the indulgence of sensual appetites.
CARNALITE, noun A worldly-minded man.
CARNALITY, noun
1. Fleshly lust, or desires, or the indulgence of those lusts; sensuality.
2. Grossness of mind or desire; love of sensual pleasures.
CARNALIZE, verb transitive To make carnal; to debase to carnality.
CARNALLY, adverb In a carnal manner; according to the flesh; in a manner to gratify the flesh or sensual desire. Leviticus 18:20. Romans 8:6.
CARNATION, noun
1. Flesh color; the parts of a picture which are naked, or without drapery, exhibiting the natural color of the flesh.
2. A genus of plants, Dianthus, so named from the color of the flower. Among these are the clove-gilliflower, sweet-william, Indian pink, etc.
CARNATIONED, adjective Made like carnation color.
CARNAVAL, noun The feast or season of rejoicing, before Lent, observed, in Catholic countries, with great solemnity, by feasts, balls, operas, concerts, etc.
CARNELIAN, noun A siliceous stone, a variety of chalcedony, of a deep red, flesh-red, or reddish white color. It is tolerably hard, capable of a good polish, and used for seals.
Carnel-work, in ship building, is the putting together the timbers, beams and planks, as distinguished from clinch-work.
CARNEOUS, adjective Fleshy; having the qualities of flesh.
CARNEY, noun A disease of horses, in which the mouth is so furred that they cannot eat.
CARNIFICATION, noun A turning to flesh.
CARNIFY, verb intransitive To form flesh; to receive flesh in growth.
CARNIVAL,
CARNIVORACITY, noun Greediness of appetite for flesh.
CARNIVORACITY, n. Greediness of appetite for flesh.
CARNIVOROUS, adjective Eating or feeding on flesh; an epithet applied to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the lion, tiger, dog, wolf, etc.
CARNOSITY, noun A little fleshy excrescence in the urethra, the neck of the bladder, etc.
CARNOUS, adjective Fleshy. [See Carneous.]
CAROB, noun The carob-tree, Ceratonia siliqua, a native of Spain, Italy, and the Levant. It is an evergreen, growing in hedges, and producing long, flat, brown-colored pods, filled with a mealy, succulent pulp, of a sweetish taste. In times of scarcity, these pods are eaten by poor people, but they are apt to cause griping and lax bowels.
CAROCHE, noun A carriage of pleasure.
CAROCHED, adjective Placed in a caroche.
CAROL, noun A song of joy and exultation; a song of devotion; or a song in general.
CAROL, verb intransitive To sing; to warble; to sing in joy or festivity.
CAROL, verb transitive To praise or celebrate in song.
CAROLINA, noun The name of two of the Atlantic States in North America, called North carolina and South carolina
CARLINE, OR CAROLINE noun A silver coin in Naples.
CAROLING, noun A song of praise or devotion.
CAROLINIAN, adjective Pertaining to Carolina.
CAROLINIAN, noun A native or inhabitant of Carolina.
CAROMEL, noun The smell exhaled by sugar, at a calcining heat.
CAROTID, adjective The carotid arteries, in the body, are two arteries, the right and left, which convey the blood from the aorta to the head and brain. The ancients supposed drowsiness to be seated in these arteries.
CAROUSAL, noun s as z. [See Carouse.] A feast or festival.
But in America it signifies a noisy drinking bout, or reveling.
CAROUSE, verb intransitive carouz. To drink hard; to guzzle. In the United States, it signifies also to be noisy, as bacchanalians.
CAROUSE, noun A drinking match; a hearty drink or full draught of liquor; a noisy drinking match.
CAROUSER, noun A drinker; a toper; a noisy reveler, or bacchanalian.
CAROUSING, participle present tense Drinking hard; reveling.
CARP, verb intransitive Literally, to snap or catch at, or to pick. Hence, to censure, cavil, or find fault, particularly without reason, or petulantly; followed by at.
No, not a tooth or nail to scratch
And at my actions carp and catch. Herbert.
CARP, noun A fish, a species of cyprinus, an excellent fish for ponds. These fishes breed rapidly, grow to a large size, and live to a great age.
CARPAL, adjective Pertaining to the wrist.
CARPATHIAN, adjective Pertaining to the Carpates, a range of mountains between Poland, Hungary and Transylvania.
CARPENTER, noun An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of houses, and of ships. Those who build houses are called house-carpenters, and those who build ships are called ship-carpenters.
In New England, a distinction is often made between the man who frames, and the man who executes the interior wood-work of a house. The framer is the carpenter and the finisher is called joiner. This distinction is noticed by Johnson, and seems to be a genuine English distinction. But in some other parts of America, as in New-York, the term carpenter includes both the framer and the joiner; and in truth both branches of business are often performed by the same person. The word is never applied, as in Italy and Spain, to a coach-maker.
CARPENTRY, noun The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, in the construction of buildings; divided into house-carpentry and ship-carpentry.
CARPER, noun One who carps; a caviler.
CARPET, noun
1. A covering for floors, tables, stairs, etc. This covering is usually made of wool, wrought with a needle, or more generally in a loom, but is sometimes made of other materials. The manufacture is of Asiatic origin, but has been introduced into many parts of Europe, and into the United States.
2. Level ground covered, as with grass; as a grassy carpet; a carpet of green grass.
To be on the carpet is to be under consideration; to be the subject of deliberation. The French phrase, to be on the tapis, is used in the like sense.
CARPET-knight, in Shakspeare, is a knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the field.
CARPET-monger is used in a like sense.
CARPET, verb transitive To cover with a carpet; to spread with carpets.
CARPETED, participle passive Covered with a carpet.
CARPETING, noun Cloth for carpets; carpets in general.
CARPING, participle present tense Caviling; captious; censorious.
CARPING, noun The act of caviling; a cavil; unreasonable censure.
CARPINGLY, adverb Captiously; in a carping manner.
CARPMEALS, noun A kind of coarse cloth made in the North of England.
CARPOLITE, noun Petrified fruits, of which the most remarkable are nuts converted into silex.
CARPOLOGIST, noun One who describes fruits.
CARPOLOGY, noun A description of fruits.
CARPUS, noun The wrist, but not an English word.
CARRAWAY, noun A kind of apple.
CARRIABLE, adjective That may be carried.
CARRIAGE, noun
1. The act of carrying, bearing, transporting, or conveying; as the carriage of sounds.
2. The act of taking by an enemy; conquest; acquisition.
3. That which carries, especially on wheels; a vehicle. This is a general term for a coach, chariot, chaise, gig, sulkey, or other vehicle on wheels, as a cannon-carriage on trucks, a block-carriage for mortars, and a truck-carriage. Appropriately the word is applied to a coach; and carts and wagons are rarely or never called carriages.
4. The price or expense of carrying.
5. That which is carried; burden; as baggage, vessels, furniture, etc.
And David left his carriage in the hands of the keeper of the carriage 1 Samuel 17:22.
6. In a moral sense, the manner of carrying ones self; behavior; conduct; deportment; personal manners.
7. Measures; practices; management.
CARRIBOO. [See Cariboo.]
CARRION, noun
1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of animals; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food.
2. A worthless woman; a term of reproach.
CARRION, adjective Relating to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion as a carrion-crow.
CARRONADE, noun A short piece of ordnance, having a large caliber, and a chamber for the powder, like a mortar. This species of cannon is carried on the upper works of ships, as the poop and forecastle, and is very useful in close engagements.
CARROON, noun
1. In London, a rent received for the privilege of driving a cart.
2. A species of cherry.
CARROT, noun An esculent root, of the genus Daucus, cultivated for the table and for cattle.
CARROTY, adjective Like a carrot in color; an epithet given to red hair.
CARROWS, noun In Ireland, people who wander about and get their living by cards and dice; strolling gamesters.
CARRY, verb transitive
1. To bear, convey, or transport, by sustaining and moving the thing carried, either by bodily strength, upon a beast, in a vehicle, or in any kind of water-craft. In general, it implies a moving from the speaker or the place present or near, to a place more distant, and so is opposed to bring and fetch, and it is often followed by from, away, off, out.
He shall carry the lambs in his bosom. Isaiah 40:11.
When he dieth, he shall carry nothing away. Psalms 49:17.
2. To convey; as sound is carried in the air.
3. To effect; to accomplish; to prevail; to gain the object; as, to carry a point, measure, or resolution; to carry a prize; to carry a fortified town by force of arms; sometimes followed by it.
Whose wills will carry it over the rest.
4. To bear out; to face through.
If a man carries it off, there is so much money saved.
5. To urge, impel, lead or draw, noting moral impulse.
Pride or passion will carry a man to great lengths.
Men are carried away with imaginary prospects. See Ephesians 4:14. Hebrews 13:9.
6. To bear; to have.
In some vegetables, we see something that carries a kind of analogy to sense.
7. To bear; to show, display or exhibit to view.
The aspect of every one in the family carries satisfaction.
8. To imply or import.
To quit former tenets carries an imputation of ignorance.
9. To contain or comprise.
He thought it carried something of argument in it, to prove that doctrine.
10. To extend or continue in time, as to carry a historical account to the first ages of the world; but usually with a particle, as to carry up or carry back, to carry forward.
11. To extend in space, as to carry a line or a boundary; or in a moral sense, as to carry ideas very far.
12. To support or sustain.
CARRY camomile on sticks.
13. To bear or produce, as trees.
Set them a reasonable depth, and they will carry more shoots upon the stem.
14. To manage or transact, usually with on; as, to carry on business.
15. To carry ones self, to behave, conduct or demean.
He carried himself insolently. Sometimes with it; as, he carried it high.
16. To remove, lead or drive.
And he carried away all his cattle. Genesis 31:1.
17. To remove; to cause to go.
And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel to Assyria. 2 Kings 18:11.
18. To transport; to affect with extraordinary impressions on the mind. Revelation 17:1.
19. To fetch and bring.
Young whelps learn easily to carry
20. To transfer; as, to carry an account to the ledger.
War was to be diverted from Greece by being carried into Asia.
To carry coals, to bear injuries.
To carry off, to remove to a distance; also, to kill, as to be carried off by sickness.
To carry on,
1. to promote, advance, or help forward; to continue; as, to carry on a design; to carry on the administration of grace.
2. To manage or prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry.
3. To prosecute, continue or pursue; as, to carry on trade or war.
To carry through, to support to the end; to sustain or keep from failing, or being subdued.
Grace will carry a man through all difficulties. Hammond.
To carry out, to bear from within; also, to sustain to the end; to continue to the end.
To carry away, in seamanship, is to break; to carry sail till a spar breaks; as, to carry away a fore-topmast.
CARRY, verb intransitive
1. To run on rotten ground, or on frost, which sticks to the feet, as a hare.
2. To bear the head in a particular manner, as a horse. When a horse holds his head high, with an arching neck, he is said to carry well. When he lowers his head too much, he is said to carry low.
3. To convey; to propel; as, a gun or mortar carries well; but this is elliptical.
CARRYING, participle present tense Bearing, conveying, removing, etc.
CARRYING, noun A bearing, conveying, removing, transporting.
CARRYING trade, the trade which consists in the transportation of goods by water from country to country, or place to place.
We are rivals with them in navigation and the carrying trade. Federalist, Jay.
CARRYING wind, among horsemen, is a tossing of the nose, as high as the horses ears.
CART, noun
1. A carriage with two wheels, fitted to be drawn by one horse, or by a yoke of oxen, and used in husbandry or commercial cities for carrying heavy commodities. In Great Britain, carts are usually drawn by horses. In America, horse-carts are used mostly in cities, and ox-carts in the country.
2. A carriage in general.
CART, verb transitive
1. To carry or convey on a cart; as, to cart hay.
2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment.
CARTAGE, noun The act of carrying in a cart, or the price paid for carting.
CARTED, participle passive Borne or exposed in a cart.
CARTEL, noun
1. A writing or agreement between states at war, for the exchange of prisoners, or for some mutual advantage; also, a vessel employed to convey the messenger on this occasion.
2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single combat. This sense the word has still in France and Italy; but with us it is obsolete.
CARTEL-ship, is a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying propositions to an enemy.
CARTEL, verb intransitive To defy.
CARTER, noun The man who drives a cart, or whose occupation is to drive a cart.
CARTESIAN, adjective Pertaining to the philosopher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy, which taught the doctrine of vortexes round the sun and planets.
CARTESIAN, noun One who adopts the philosophy of Des Cartes.
CARTHAGINIAN, adjective Pertaining to ancient Carthage, a celebrated city on the Northern Coast of Africa, about twelve miles from the modern Tunis. It was founded by the Phenicians, and destroyed by the Romans.
CARTHAGINIAN, noun An inhabitant or native of Carthage.
CARTHAMUS, noun The generic name of Bastard Saffron. [See Safflower.]
CARTHUSIAN, noun One of an order of monks, so called from Chartreuse, the place of their institution. They are remarkable for their austerity. They cannot go out of their cells, except to church, nor speak to any person without leave.
CARTILAGE, noun Gristle; a smooth, solid, elastic substance, softer than bone, of a pearly color and homogeneous texture, without cells or cavities. It is invested with a particular membrane called perichondrium, which in the articular cartilages, is a reflexion of the synovial membrane.
CARTILAGINOUS, adjective
1. Pertaining to or resembling a cartilage; gristly; consisting of cartilage.
2. In ichthyology, cartilaginous fishes are those whose muscles are supported by cartilages instead of bones, or whose skeleton is cartilaginous Many of these are viviparous, as the ray and shark, whose young are excluded from an egg hatched within them. Others are oviparous, as the sturgeon. Some of them have no gill-covers, but breathe through apertures, on the sides of the neck or top of the head; others have gill-covers, but destitute of bony rays.
CARTING, participle present tense Conveying or exposing in a cart.
CARTING, noun The act of carrying in a cart.
CARTOON noun In painting, a design drawn on strong paper, to be afterward calked through and transferred on the fresh plaster of a wall, to be painted in fresco. Also, a design colored for working in Mosaic, tapestry etc.
CARTOUCH, noun
1. A case of wood, about three inches thick at the bottom girt with marlin, holding about four hundred musket balls, and six or eight iron balls of a pound weight, to be fired out of a howitz, for defending a pass. A cartouch is sometimes made of a globular form, and filled with a ball of a pound weight; and sometimes for guns, being of a ball of a half or quarter of a pound weight, tied in the form of a bunch of grapes, on a tompion of wood and coated over.
2. A portable box for charges. [See Cartridge-box.]
3. A roll or scroll on the cornice of a column.
CARTRIDGE, noun [a corruption of cartouch.] A case of pasteboard or parchment, holding the charge of powder or powder and balls, for a cannon, mortar, musket or pistol. The cartridges for small arms, prepared for battle, contain the powder and ball; those for cannon and mortars are made of paste-board, or tin. Cartridges, without balls, are called blank cartridges.
CARTULARY, noun A register-book, or record, as of a monastery. Blackstone writes it chartulary; and primarily it signifies the officer who has the care of charters and other public papers.
CARUCATE, noun As much land as one team can plow in the year.
CARUNCLE, noun
1. A small fleshy excrescence, either natural or morbid.
2. The fleshy comb on the head of a fowl.
CARUNCULAR, adjective In the form of a caruncle.
CARUNCULATED, adjective Having a fleshy excrescence, or soft fleshy protuberance.
CARVE, verb transitive
1. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at tale.
2. To cut wood, stone or other material into some particular form, with an instrument, usually a chisel; to engrave; to cut figures or devices on hard materials.
3. To make or shape by cutting; as, to carve an image.
4. To apportion; to distribute; to provide at pleasure; to select and take, as to ones self, or to select and give to another.
5. To cut; to hew.
To care out, is to cut out, or to lay out, by design; to plan.
CARVE, verb transitive
1. To cut up meat; followed sometimes by for; as, to carve for all the quests.
2. To exercise the trade of a sculptor.
3. To engrave or cut figures.
CARVE, noun A carucate.
CARVED, participle passive Cut or divided; engraved; formed by carving.
CARVEL, noun [See Caravel.] The urtica marina, or sea blubber.
CARVEL, noun
1. A small vessel on the coast of France, used in the herring fishery. These vessels are usually from 25 to 30 tons burden.
2. A light, round, old-fashioned ship.
CARVER, noun
1. One who cuts meat at tale; a sculptor; one who apportions or distributes at will, or one who takes or gives at pleasure.
2. A large table knife for carving.
CARVING, participle present tense Cutting, dividing, as meat; cutting in stone, wood or metal; apportioning; distributing.
CARVING, noun The act of cutting, as meat; the act or art of cutting figures in wood or stone; sculpture; figures carved.
CARYATES,
CARYATIC, adjective Pertaining to the Caryans or Caryatides.
CARYATIC, a. Pertaining to the Caryans or Caryatides.
CARYATIDES, noun In architecture, figures of women dressed in long robes, after the Asiatic manner, serving to support entablatures. The Athenians had been long at war with the Caryans; the latter being at length vanquished and their wives led captive, the Greeks, to perpetuate this event, erected trophies, in which figures of women, dressed in the Caryatic manner, were used to support entablatures. Other female figures were afterwards used in the same manner, but they were called by the same name.
They were called caryatides from Carya, a city in the Peloponnesus, which sided with the Persians, and on that account was sacked by the other Greeks, its males butchered, and its females reduced to slavery.
CARYON, verb intransitive
1. To sketch with a crayon. Hence,
2. To sketch; to plan; to commit to paper ones first thoughts.
CARYOPHYLLEOUS, noun Having five petals with long claws, in a tubular calyx; applied to flowers.
CARYOPHYLLOID, noun A species of mica, the scales of which are concentric and perpendicular.
CASARCA, noun A fowl of the genus Anas, called also ruddy-goose, larger than a mallard, found in Russia and Siberia.
CASCABEL, noun The knob or pummelion of a cannon.
CASCADE, noun A waterfall; a steep fall or flowing of water over a precipice, in a river or natural stream; or an artificial fall in a garden. The word is applied to falls that are less than a cataract.
CASCALHO, noun In Brazil, a deposit of pebbles, gravel and sand in which the diamond is usually found.
CASE, noun
1. A covering, box or sheath; that which incloses or contains; as a case for knives; a case for books; a watch case; a printers case; a pillow case
2. The outer part of a building.
3. A certain quantity; as a case of crown glass.
4. A building unfurnished.
CASE, verb transitive
1. To cover with a case; to surround with any material that shall inclose or defend.
2. To put in a case or box.
3. To strip off a case covering, or the skin.
CASE, noun Literally, that which falls, comes, or happens; an event. Hence, the particular state, condition, or circumstances that befall a person, or in which he is placed; as, make the case your own; this is the case with my friend; this is his present case
2. The state of the body, with respect to health or disease; as a case of fever; he is in a consumptive case; his case is desperate.
To be in good case is to be fat, and this phrase is customarily abridged, to be in case; applied to beasts, but not to men, except in a sense rather ludicrous.
3. A question; a state of facts involving a question for discussion or decision; as, the lawyer stated the case
4. A cause or suit in court; as, the case was tried at the last term. In this sense, case is nearly synonymous with cause, whose primary sense is nearly the same.
5. In grammar, the inflection of nouns, or a change of termination, to express a difference of relation in the word to others, or to the thing represented. The variation of nouns and adjectives is called declension; both case and declension signifying, falling or leaning from the first state of the word. Thus, liber is a book; libri, of a book; libro, to a book. In other words, case denotes a variation in the termination of a noun, to show how the noun acts upon the verb with which it is connected, or is acted upon by it, or by an agent. The cases, except the nominative, are called oblique cases.
In case is a phrase denoting condition or supposition; literally, in the event or contingency; if it should so fall out or happen.
Put the case suppose the event, or a certain state of things.
Action on the case in law, is an action in which the whole cause of complaint is set out in the writ.
CASE, verb intransitive To put cases.
CASED, participle passive Covered with a case.
CASEIC, adjective The caseic acid is the acid of cheese, or a substance so called, extracted from cheese.
CASEMATE, noun
1. In fortification, a vault of masons work in the flank of a bastion, next to the curtain, somewhat inclined toward the capital of the bastion, serving as a battery to defend the face of the opposite bastion, and the moat or ditch.
2. A well, with its subterraneous branches, dug in the passage of the bastion, till the miner is heard at work, and air given to the mine.
CASEMENT, noun
1. A hollow molding, usually one sixth or one fourth of a circle.
2. A little movable window, usually within a large, made to turn and open on hinges.
CASEOUS, adjective Like cheese; having the qualities of cheese.
CASERN, noun A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns, usually near the rampart, containing each two beds.
CASESHOT, noun Musket balls, stones, old iron, etc., put in cases, to be discharged from cannon.
CASH, noun Money; primarily, ready money, money in chest or on hand, in bank or at command. It is properly silver and gold; but since the institution of banks, it denotes also bank notes equivalent to money. To pay in cash is opposed to payment in goods, commodities, or labor, as in barter.
CASH, verb transitive
1. To turn into money, or to exchange for money; as, to cash a note or an order.
2. To pay money for; as, the clerks of a bank cash notes when presented.
CASH, verb transitive To discard.
CASHIER, noun One who has charge of money; as cash-keeper. In a banking institution, the cashier is the officer who superintends the books, payments and receipts of the bank. He also signs or countersigns the notes, and superintends all the transactions, under the order of the directors.
CASHIER, verb transitive
1. To dismiss from an office or place of trust, by annulling the commission; to break, as for mal-conduct, and therefore with reproach; as, to cashier an officer of the army.
2. To dismiss or discard from service or from society.
3. To reject; to annul or vacate.
CASHIERED, participle passive Dismissed; discarded; annulled.
CASHIERER, noun One who rejects discards or breaks; as a cashierer of monarchs.
CASHIERING, participle present tense Discarding; dismissing from service.
CASHOO, noun The juice or gum of a tree in the East Indies.
CASING, participle present tense Covering with a case.
CASING, noun
1. The act or operation of plastering a house with mortar on the outside, and striking it while wet, by a ruler, with the corner of a trowel, to make it resemble the joints of free-stone.
2. A covering; a case.
CASK, noun A head-piece; a helmet; a piece of defensive armor, to cover and protect the head and neck, in battle.
CASK, noun A close vessel for containing liquors, formed by staves, heading and hoops. This is a general term comprehending the pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, etc.
CASKET, noun
1. A small chest or box, for jewels or other small articles.
2. In seamens language, a small rope, fastened to gromets or little rings upon the yards, used to fasten the sail to the yard in furling.
This is usually written gasket.
CASPIAN, adjective An epithet given to a large lake between Persia and Astracan, called the caspian Sea.
CASS, verb transitive To quash; to defeat; to annul.
CASSADA,
CASSAMUNAIR, noun An aromatic vegetable brought from the east.
CASSATE, verb transitive To vacate, annul, or make void.
CASSATION, noun The act of annulling. In France there is a court of cassation
CASSAVI, noun A plant, of the genus Jatropha, of different species. The roots of the manihot or bitter cassada, and of the janipha, are made into a kind of bread which serves for food to the natives of Africa and the West Indies, and they are also roasted and eaten like potatoes. They yield also a great quantity of starch, which the Brasilians export in small lumps under the name of tapioca.
CASSIA, noun A genus of plants of many species, among which are the fistula, or purging cassia and the senna. The former is a native of Egypt and both Indies; the latter is a native of Persia, Syria and Arabia. The latter is a shrubby plant, the leaves of which are much used in medicine. The purging cassia is the pulp of the pods, and is a gentle laxative.
CASSIA is also the name of a species of Laurus, the bark of which usually passes under the name of cinnamon, differing from real cinnamon chiefly in the strength of its qualities. From a plant of this kind was extracted an aromatic oil, used as a perfume by the Jews.
CASSIDONY, noun A species of plant, Gnaphalium, cotton-weed, cudweed or goldylocks; also, Lavandula stoechas or French lavender.
CASSIMER, noun A thin twilled woolen cloth.
CASSINO, noun A game at cards.
CASSIOBURY, noun A species of plant, of the genus Cassine, of which the most remarkable species is the Yapon of the Southern States of America. The berries are of a beautiful red color.
The Yapon is now arranged in the genus Ilex.
CASSIOPEIA, noun A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere, situated near to Cepheus, as the fabulous cassiopeia was wife to Cepheus, king of Ethiopia. It contains fifty five stars.
CASSITERIA, noun A kind of crystals which appear to have an admixture of tin. The color is brown or whitish.
CASSOCK, noun A robe or gown worn over the other garments, particularly by the clergy. A close garment, now generally that which clergymen wear under their gowns.
CASSOCKED, adjective Clothed with a cassock. The cassockd huntsman.
CASSONADE, noun Cask-sugar; sugar not refined.
CASSOWARY, noun A large fowl of the genus Struthio, nearly as large as the ostrich, but its legs are thicker and stronger in proportion. The wings are so small as not to appear, being hid under the feathers. The head is armed with a helmet of horny substance, consisting of plates one over another. It runs with great rapidity, outstripping the swiftest racer. It is now arranged in a separate genus, Casuarius.
CAST, verb transitive preterit tense And participle passive cast
1. To throw, fling or send; that is, to drive from, by force, as from the hand, or from an engine.
Hagar cast the child under a shrub. Genesis 21:10.
Uzziah prepared slings to cast stones. 2 Chronicles 26:14.
2. To sow; to scatter seed.
If a man should cast seen into the ground. Mark 4:26.
3. To drive or impel by violence.
A mighty west wind cast the locusts into the sea. Exodus 10:19.
4. To shed or throw off; as, trees cast their fruit; a serpent casts his skin.
5. To throw or let fall; as, to cast anchor. Hence, to east anchor is to moor, as a ship, the effect of casting the anchor.
6. To throw, as dice or lots; as, to cast lots.
7. To throw on the ground, as in wrestling.
8. To throw away, as worthless.
His carcase was cast in the way. 1 Kings 13:24.
9. To emit or throw out.
This casts a sulphurous smell.
10. To throw, to extend, as a trench or rampart, including the sense of digging, raising, or forming.
Thy enemies shall cast a trench about thee. Luke 19:35.
11. To thrust; as, to cast into prison.
12. To put, or set, in a particular state.
Both chariot and horse were cast into a dead sleep. Psalms 76:6.
13. To condemn; to convict; as a criminal.
Both tried and both were cast
14. To overcome in a civil suit, or in any contest of strength or skill; as, to cast the defendant or an antagonist.
15. To cashier or discard.
16. To lay aside, as unfit for use; to reject; as a garment.
17. To make to preponderate; to throw into one scale, for the purpose of giving it superior weight; to decide by a vote that gives a superiority in numbers; as, to cast the balance in ones favor; a casting vote or voice.
18. To throw together several particulars, to find the sum; as, to cast accounts. Hence, to throw together circumstances and facts, to find the result; to compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast the event of war.
To cast and see how many things there are which a man cannot do himself.
19. To contrive; to plan.
20. To judge, or to consider, in order to judge.
21. To fix, or distribute the parts of a play among the actors.
22. To throw, as the sight; to direct, or turn, as the eye; to glance; as, to cast a look, or glance, or the eye.
23. To found; to form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal into a mold; to run; as, to cast cannon.
Thou shalt cast four rings of gold for it. Exodus 25:12.
24. Figuratively, to shape; to form by a model.
25. To communicate; to spread over; as, to cast a luster upon posterity; to cast splendor upon actions, or light upon a subject.
To cast aside, to dismiss or reject as useless or inconvenient.
To cast away, to reject. Leviticus 26:30. Isaiah 5:24. Romans 11:1. Also, to throw away; to lavish or waste by profusion; to turn to no use; as, to cast away life.
Also, to wreck, as a ship.
To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard with neglect or hate, or as useless.
To cast down, to throw down; to deject or depress the mind.
Why art thou cast down, O my soul. Psalms 42:5.
To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit, or send abroad; to exhale.
To cast off, to discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to put away; to disburden. Among huntsmen, to leave behind, as dogs; to set loose, or free. Among seamen, to loose, or untie.
To cast out, to send forth; to reject or turn out; to throw out, as words; to speak or give vent to.
To cast up, to compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast up accounts, or the cost. Also, to eject; to vomit.
To cast on, to refer or resign to.
To cast ones self on, to resign or yield ones self to the disposal of, without reserve.
To cast young, to miscarry; to suffer abortion. Genesis 31:38.
To cast in the teeth, to upbraid; to charge; to twit. So in Danish, kaster in I noesen, to cast in the nose.
CAST, verb intransitive
1. To throw forward, as the thoughts, with a view to some determination; or to turn or revolve in the mind; to contrive; sometimes followed by about.
I cast in careful mind to seek her out. Spenser.
To cast about how to perform or obtain. Bacon.
2. To receive form or shape.
Metal will cast and mold.
3. To warp; to twist from regular shape.
Stuff is said to cast or warp, when it alters its flatness or straightness.
Note. cast like throw and warp, implies a winding motion.
4. In seamens language, to fall off, or incline, so as to bring the side of a ship to the wind; applied particularly to a ship riding with her head to the wind, when her anchor is first loosened.
CAST, noun
1. The act of casting; a throw; the thing thrown; the form or state of throwing; kind or manner of throwing.
2. The distance passed by a thing thrown; or the space through which a thing thrown may ordinarily pass; as, about a stones cast Luke 22:41.
3. A stroke; a touch.
This was a cast of Woods politics.
4. Motion or turn of the eye; direction, look or glance; a squinting.
Thy let you see by one cast of the eye.
5. A throw of dice; hence, a state of chance or hazard.
It is an even cast whether the army should march this way or that way.
Hence the phrase, the last cast is used to denote that all is ventured on one throw, or one effort.
6. Form; shape.
A heroic poem in another cast
7. A tinge; a slight coloring, or slight degree of a color; as a cast of green. Hence, a slight alteration in external appearance.
The native hue of resolution is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought. Shak.
8. Manner; air; mien; as, a peculiar cast of countenance. This sense implies, the turn or manner of throwing; as, the neat cast f verse.
9. A flight; a number of hawks let go at once.
10. A small statue of bronze.
11. Among founders, a tube of wax, fitted into a mold, to give shape to metal.
12. A cylindrical piece of brass or copper, slit in two lengthwise, to form a canal or conduit, in a mold, for conveying metal.
13. Among plumbers, a little brazen funnel, at one end of a mold, for casting pipes without sodering, by means of which the melted metal is poured into the mold.
14. A breed, race, lineage, kind, sort.
15. In Hindoostan, a tribe or class of the same rank or profession; as the cast of Bramins, or priests; of rajahs, or princes; of choutres, or artificers; and of parias, or poor people. Or according to some writers, of Bramins; of cuttery, or soldiers; of shuddery, or merchants; and of wyse, or mechanics.
The four casts of the Hindoos are the Brahmins or sacred order; the Chechteres or soldiers and rulers; the Bice, Vaissya, or husbandmen and merchants; and the Sooders, Sudras, or laborers and mechanics.
16. A trick.
CASTALIAN, adjective Pertaining to Castalia, a cool spring on Parnassus, sacred to the muses; as castalian fount.
CASTANET, noun An instrument of music formed of small concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like spoons, placed together, fastened to the thumb and beat with the middle finger. This instrument is used by the Spaniards, Moors and Bohemians, as an accompaniment to their dances, sarabands and guitars.
CASTAWAY, noun That which is thrown away. A person abandoned by God, as unworthy of his favor; a reprobate. 1 Corinthians 9:27.
CASTAWAY, adjective Rejected; useless; of no value.
CASTED, participle passive For cast, is not in use.
CASTELLAN, noun A governor or constable of a castle. In Poland, the name of a dignity or charge; a kind of lieutenant of a province, commanding part of a palatinate under a palatine. The castellans are senators, of the lower class, sitting, in the diets, on low seats behind the palatines.
CASTELLANY, noun [See Castle.] The lordship belonging to a castle; or the extent, of its land and jurisdiction.
CASTELLATED, adjective
1. Inclosed in a building, as a fountain or cistern.
2. Adorned with turrets, and battlements, like a castle.
CASTELLATION, noun The act of fortifying a house and rendering it a castle.
CASTER, noun
1. One who throws or casts; one who computes; a calculator; one who calculates fortunes.
2. A small phial or vessel for the table; as a set of casters.
3. A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is cast, or rolled, on the floor.
CASTIGATE, verb transitive To chastise; to punish by stripes; to correct; to chasten; to check.
CASTIGATED, participle passive Punished; corrected.
CASTIGATING, participle present tense Punishing; correcting; chastising.
CASTIGATION, noun
1. Punishment; correction; penance; discipline; emendation; restraint.
2. Among the Romans, a military punishment inflicted on offenders, by beating with a wand or switch.
CASTIGATOR, noun One who corrects.
CASTIGATORY, adjective Tending to correction; corrective; punitive.
CASTIGATORY, noun An engine formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds, called also a ducking stool, or trebucket.
CASTILIAN, adjective Pertaining to Castile in Spain.
CASTILIAN, noun An inhabitant or native of Castile in Spain.
CASTING, participle present tense Throwing; sending; computing; calculating; turning; giving a preponderancy; deciding; running, or throwing into a mold to give shape. [See Cast.]
CASTING, noun
1. The act of casting or founding.
2. That which is cast in a mold; any vessel formed by casting melted metal into a mold, or in sand.
3. The taking of casts and impressions of figures, busts, medals, etc.
CASTLE, n.
1. A house fortified for defense against an enemy; a fortress. The term seems to include the house and the walls or other works around it. In old writers, the word is used for a town or village fortified.2. The house or mansion of a nobleman or prince.3. In a ship, there are two parts called by this name; the forecastle, a short deck in the fore part of the ship, above the upper deck; and the hindcastle, at the stern.Castle in the air, a visionary project; a scheme that has no solid foundation.CASTLE, v.t. In the game of chess, to cover the king with a castle, by a certain move.
CASTLED, adjective Furnished with castles; as a castled elephant.
CASTLERY, noun The government of a castle.
CASTLET, noun A small castle.
CASTLING, noun An abortion or abortive.
CASTOR, noun
1. A beaver, an amphibious quadruped, with a flat ovate tail, short ears, a blunt nose, small fore feet, and large hind feet.
2. A reddish brown substance of a strong penetrating smell, taken from bags or cods in the groin of the beaver; a powerful antispasmodic.
3. In astronomy, a moiety of the constellation Gemini, called also Apollo.
CASTOR and Pollux, in meterology, a fiery meteor, which, at sea, appears sometimes adhering to a part of a ship, in the form of one, two and even three or four balls. When one is seen alone, it is called Helena, which portends that the severest part of the storm is yet to come. Two appearing at once are denominated castor and Pollux, or Tyndaridoe, and portend a cessation of the storm.
CASTORIN,
CASTORINE, noun An animal principle discovered in castor, and prepared by boiling castor in six times its weight of alcohol, and filtering the liquor. From this is deposited the castorin
CASTORINE, n. An animal principle discovered in castor, and prepared by boiling castor in six times its weight of alcohol, and filtering the liquor. From this is deposited the Castorin.
CASTRAMETATION, noun The art or act of encamping; the marking or laying out of a camp.
CASTRATE, verb transitive
1. To geld; to deprive of the testicles; to emasculate.
2. To take away or retrench, as the obscene parts of a writing.
3. To take out a leaf or sheet from a book, and render it imperfect.
CASTRATED, participle passive Gelded; emasculated; purified from obscene expressions.
CASTRATING, participle present tense Gelding; taking away the obscene parts of a writing.
CASTRATION, noun The act of gelding; the act or practice of making eunuchs; the act of taking away the obscene parts of a writing; the act of taking out a leaf or sheet of a book. In botany, the cutting off of the anthers, or tops of the stamens of flowers, before the ripening of the pollen.
CASTRATO, noun A male person emasculated for the purpose of improving his voice for a singer.
CASTREL or KESTREL, noun A kind of hawk, resembling the lanner in shape and the hobby in size.
CASTRENSIAN, adjective Belonging to a camp.
CASUAL, adjective
1. Falling; happening or coming to pass without design in the person or persons affected, and without being foreseen, or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by chance; as, the parties had a casual rencounter.
2. Occasional; coming at certain times, without regularity, in distinction from stated, or regular; as casual expenses.
3. Taking place, or beginning to exist without an efficient intelligent cause, and without design.
Atheists assert that the existence of things is casual
CASUALLY, adverb Accidentally; fortuitously; without design; by chance.
CASUALNESS, noun Accidentalness; the quality of being casual.
CASUALTY, noun
1. Accident; that which comes by chance or without design, or without being foreseen; contingency.
2. An accident that produces unnatural death; and by a metonymy, death, or other misfortune, occasioned by an accident.
3. In Scots law, an emolument due from a vassal to his superior, beyond the stated yearly duties, upon certain casual events.
CASUIST, noun One who studies and resolves cases of conscience.
The judgment of any casuist or leaned divine is not sufficient to give him confidence.
CASUIST, verb intransitive To play the part of a casuist
CASUISTIC,
CASUISTICAL, adjective Relating to cases of conscience, or to cases of doubtful propriety.
CASUISTICAL, a. Relating to cases of conscience, or to cases of doubtful propriety.
CASUISTRY, noun The science or doctrine of cases of conscience; the science of resolving cases of doubtful propriety, or of determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do, by rules and principles drawn from the scriptures, from the laws of society, or from equity and natural reason.
Casus foederia. The case stipulated by treaty; that which comes within the terms of compact.
CAT, noun
1. A name applied to certain species of carnivorous quadrupeds, of the genus Felis. The domestic cat needs no description. It is a deceitful animal, and when enraged, extremely spiteful. It is kept in houses, chiefly for the purpose of catching rats and mice. The wild cat is much larger than the domestic cat It is a strong, ferocious animal, living in the forest, and very destructive to poultry and lambs.
The wild cat of Europe is of the same species with the domestic cat; the catamount, of noun America, is much larger and a distinct species.
2. A ship formed on the Norwegian model, having a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and a deep waist. It is strong built, from four to six hundred tons burthen, and employed in the coal trade.
3. A strong tackle or combination of pulleys, to hook and draw an anchor perpendicularly up to the cat-head of a ship.
4. A double tripod having six feet.
CAT of nine tails, an instrument of punishment, consisting of nine pieces of line or cord fastened to a piece of thick rope, and having three knots at intervals, used to flog offenders on board of ships.
CATABAPTIST, noun One who opposes baptism.
CATACAUSTIC, adjective catacaustic curves, in geometry, are that species of caustic curves, which are formed by reflection.
CATACHRESIS, noun An abuse of a trope or of words; a figure in rhetoric, when one word is abusively put for another, or when a word is too far wrested from its true signification; as, a voice beautiful to the ear.
A catachresis is a trope which borrows the name of one thing to express another, or a harsh trope; as when Milton, speaking of Raphaels descent from heaven, says, he sails between worlds and worlds. Here the novelty of the word sails enlivens the image. So in scripture we read of the blood of the grape. Deuteronomy 32:1.
CATACHRESTICAL, adjective Belonging to a catachresis; forced; far-fetched; wrested from its natural sense.
CATACHRESTICALLY, adverb In a forced manner.
CATACHRESTTIC,
CATACLYSM, noun A deluge, or overflowing of water; particularly, the flood in Noahs days.
CATACOMB, noun A cave, grotto or subterraneous place for the burial of the dead. It is said to have been originally applied to the chapel of St. Sebastian in Rome, where the ancient Roman Calendars say, the body of St. Peter was deposited. It is now applied to a vast number of subterraneous sepulchers, about three miles from Rome, in the Appian way; supposed to be the cells and caves in which the primitive Christians concealed themselves, and in which were deposited the bodies of the primitive martyrs. These are visited by devout people, and relics are taken from them, baptized by the Pope and dispersed through Catholic countries. Each catacomb is three feet broad and eight or ten high; along the side walls are sepulchral niches, closed with thick tiles or pieces of marble. Catacombs are found also at Naples and in other places.
CATACOUSTICS, noun That part of acoustics or the doctrine of sounds, which treats of reflected sounds. But the distinction is deemed of little use.
CATADIOPTRIC, TRICAL, adjective Reflecting light.
CATADUPE, noun A cataract or waterfall.
CATAGMATIC, adjective That has the quality of consolidating broken parts; promoting the union of fractured bones.
CATAGRAPH, noun The first draught o a picture; also, a profile.
CATALECTIC, adjective Pertaining to metrical composition, or to measure.
CATALECTIC verses, are such as want either feet or syllables.
CATALEPSIS,
CATALEPSY, . A sudden suppression of motion and sensation, a kind of apoplexy, in which the patient is speechless, senseless, and fixed in one posture, with his eyes open, without seeing or understanding. The word is applied also to a retention of the breath or of the humors, and to the interception of the blood by bandages.
CATALEPSY, . A sudden suppression of motion and sensation, a kind of apoplexy, in which the patient is speechless, senseless, and fixed in one posture, with his eyes open, without seeing or understanding. The word is applied also to a retention of the breath or of the humors, and to the interception of the blood by bandages.
CATALEPTIC, adjective Pertaining to catalepsy.
CATALOGIZE, verb transitive To insert in a catalogue.
CATALOGUE, noun A list or enumeration of the names of men or things disposed in a certain order, often in alphabetical order; as a catalogue of the students of a college, or of books, or of the stars.
CATALOGUE, verb transitive To make a list of.
CATALPA, noun A large tree of Carolina and the South, which in blossom has a beautiful appearance. It belongs to the genus Bignonia, or trumpet flower.
CATALYSIS, noun Dissolution.
CATAMENIAL, adjective Pertaining to the catamenia, or menstrual discharges.
CATAMITE, noun A boy kept for unnatural purposes.
CATAMOUNT, noun Cat of the mountain, the wild cat.
CATAPASM, noun A dry powder for sprinkling the body.
CATAPELT, or CATAPULT, noun A military engine used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for throwing stones, darts and arrows upon an enemy. Some of these would throw a stone of a hundred pounds weight.
CATAPELTIC, adjective Pertaining to the catapelt. As a noun, the catapelt.
CATAPHONICS, noun The doctrine of reflected sounds, a branch of acoustics.
CATAPHRACT, noun
1. In the ancient military art, a piece of heavy defensive armor, formed of cloth or leather, strengthened with scales or links, used to defend the breast, or whole body, or even the horse as well as the rider.
2. A horseman in complete armor.
CATAPLASM, noun A poultice; a soft and moist substance to be applied to some part of the body, to excite or repel heat, or to relax the skin, etc. When mustard is an ingredient, it is called a sinapism.
CATAPUCE, noun The herb spurge.
CATAPELT, or CATAPULT noun A military engine used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for throwing stones, darts and arrows upon an enemy. Some of these would throw a stone of a hundred pounds weight.
CATARACT, noun
1. A great fall of water over a precipice; as that of Niagara, of the Rhine, Danube and Nile. It is a cascade upon a great scale.
The tremendous cataracts of America thundering in their solitudes.
2. In medicine and surgery, an opacity of the cystaline lens, or its capsule; a disorder in the eye, by which the pupil, which is usually black and transparent, becomes opake, blue, gray, brown, etc., by which vision is impaired or destroyed.
CATARRH, noun catar. A defluxion, or increased secretion of mucus from the membranes of the nose, fauces and bronchiae, with fever, sneezing cough, thirst, lassitude and loss of appetite, and sometimes an entire loss of taste; called also a cold, coryza. An epidemic catarrh is called Influenza.
CATARRHAL,
CATARRHOUS, adjective Pertaining to catarrh, produced by it or attending it; as a catarrhal fever.
CATARRHOUS, a. Pertaining to catarrh, produced by it or attending it; as a catarrhal fever.
CATASTERISM, noun A constellation, or a placing among the stars.
CATASTROPHE,
CATASTROPHY, noun
1. The change or revolution which produces the final event of a dramatic piece; or the unfolding and winding up of the plot, clearing up difficulties, and closing the play. The ancients divided a play into the protasis, epitasis, catastasis, and catastrophy; the introduction, continuance, heightening, and development or conclusion.
2. A final event; conclusion; generally, an unfortunate conclusion, calamity, or disaster.
CATASTROPHY, n.
1. The change or revolution which produces the final event of a dramatic piece; or the unfolding and winding up of the plot, clearing up difficulties, and closing the play. The ancients divided a play into the protasis, epitasis, catastasis, and catastrophy; the introduction, continuance, heightening, and development or conclusion.2. A final event; conclusion; generally, an unfortunate conclusion, calamity, or disaster.CATCALL, noun A squeaking instrument, used in play-houses to condemn plays.
CATCH, verb transitive
1. To seize or lay hold on with the hand; carrying the sense of pursuit, thrusting forward the hand, or rushing on.
And they came upon him and caught him. Acts 6:1.
2. To seize, in a general sense; as, to catch a ball; to catch hold of a bough.
3. To seize, as in a snare or trap; to ensnare; to entangle.
They sent certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words. Mark 12:13.
4. To seize in pursuit; hence simply to overtake; a popular use of the word.
He ran, but could not catch him companion.
5. To take hold; to communicate to.
The fire caught the adjoining building.
6. To seize the affections; to engage and attach to; as, to catch the fair.
7. To take or receive by contagion or infection; as, to catch the measles or small pox.
8. To snatch; to take suddenly; as, to catch a book out of the hand.
9. To receive something passing.
The swelling sails no more catch the soft airs and wanton in the sky. Trumbull.
To catch at, to endeavor to seize suddenly.
To catch at all opportunities of subverting the state.
To catch up, to snatch; to take up suddenly.
CATCH, verb intransitive
1. To communicate; to spread by infecting; as, a disease will catch from man to man.
2. Any thing that seizes or takes hold, as a hook.
3. The posture of seizing; a state of preparation to catch or of watching an opportunity to seize; as, to lie upon the catch
4. A sudden advantage taken.
5. The thing caught, considered as an object of desire; profit; advantage.
Hector shall have a great catch Shak.
6. A snatch; a short interval of action.
It has been writ by catches.
7. A little portion.
We retain a catch of a pretty story.
8. In music, a fugue in the unison, wherein to humor some conceit in the words, the melody is broken, and the sense is interrupted in one part, and caught and supported by another, or a different sense is given to the words; or a piece for three or more voices, one of which leads and the others follow in the same notes.
CATCHABLE, adjective That may be caught.
CATCHER, noun One who catches; that which catches, or in which any thing is caught.
CATCHING, participle present tense Seizing; taking hold; ensnaring; entangling.
CATCHING, adjective Communicating, or that may be communicated, by contagion; infectious; as, a disease is catching
CATCHPENNY, noun Something worthless, particularly a book or pamphlet, adapted to the popular taste, and intended to gain money in market.
CATCHUP,
CATE, noun [See Cates.]
CATE, n. [See Cates.]
CATECHETICAL, adjective [See Catechise.]
1. Relating to oral instruction, and particularly in the first principles of the Christian religion.
2. Relating to or consisting in asking questions and receiving answers, according to the ancient manner of teaching pupils.
Socrates introduced a catechetical method of arguing.
CATECHETICALLY, adverb By question and answer; in the way of oral instruction.
CATECHISE, verb transitive
1. To instruct by asking questions, receiving answers, and offering explanations and corrections.
2. To question; to interrogate; to examine or try by questions, and sometimes with a view to reproof, by eliciting answers from a person, which condemn his own conduct.
3. Appropriately, to ask questions concerning the doctrines of the Christian religion; to interrogate pupils and give instruction in the principles of religion.
CATECHISED, participle passive Instructed.
CATECHISER, noun One who catechises; one who instructs by question and answer, and particularly in the rudiments of the Christian religion.
CATECHISING, participle present tense Instructing in rudiments or principles.
CATECHISM, noun
1. A form of instruction by means of questions and answers, particularly in the principles of religion.
2. An elementary book containing a summary of principles in any science or art, but appropriately in religion, reduced to the form of questions and answers, and sometimes with notes, explanations, and references to authorities.
CATECHIST, noun One who instructs viva voice, or by question and answer; a catechiser; one appointed by the church to instruct in the principles of religion.
CATECHISTIC,
CATECHISTICAL, adjective Pertaining to a catechist, or catechism.
CATECHISTICAL, a. Pertaining to a catechist, or catechism.
CATECHU, noun Terra Japonica, a dry extract, or brown astringent substance, obtained by decoction and evaporation from a species of Mimosa in India. It consists chiefly of tannin.
CATECHUMEN, noun One who is in the first rudiments of Christianity; one who is receiving instruction and preparing himself for baptism. These were anciently the children of believing parents, or pagans not fully initiated in the principles of the Christian religion. They were admitted to this state by the imposition of hands, and the sign of the cross.
CATECHUMENICAL, adjective Belonging to catechumens.
CATECHUMENIST, noun A catechumen.
CATEGORICAL, adjective
1. Pertaining to a category.
2. Absolute; positive; express; not relative or hypothetical; as a categorical proposition, syllogism or answer.
CATEGORY, noun In logic, a series or order of all the predicates or attributes contained under a genus. The school philosophers distributed all the objects of our thoughts and ideas into genera or classes. Aristotle made ten categories, viz. Substance, quantity, quality, relation, action, passion, time, place, situation and habit.
CATENARIAN,
CATENARY, adjective Relating to a chain; like a chain. The catenarian curve, in geometry, is formed by a rope or chain hanging freely between two points of suspension, whether the points are horizontal or not.
CATENATE, verb transitive To chain, or rather to connect in a series of links or ties.
CATENATION, noun Connection of links, union of parts, as in a chain; regular connection. [See Concatenation.]
CATER, verb intransitive To provide food; to buy or procure provisions; followed by for; as, to cater for the sparrow.
CATER, noun A provider. [See Caterer.]
CATER, noun The four of cards or dice; so written for Fr. quatre.
CATERER, noun A provider, buyer or purveyor of provision.
CATERESS, noun A woman who caters; a female provider of food.
CATERPILLAR, noun The colored and often hairy larva of the lepidopterous insects. This term is also applied to the larvas of other insects, such as the Tenthredo, or saw-fly; but is more generally confined to the lepidopters. Caterpillars are produced immediately from the egg; they are furnished with several pairs of feet, and have the shape and appearance of a worm. They contain the embryo of the perfect insect, inclosed within a muscular envelop, which is thrown off, when the insect enters the nymph or chrysalis state, in which it remains for sometime as if inanimate. It then throws off its last envelop, and emerges a perfect insect. Caterpillars generally feed on leaves or succulent vegetables, and are sometimes very destructive.
CATERWAUL, verb intransitive To cry or wall, as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh offensive noise.
CATERWAULING, noun The cry of cats; a harsh disagreeable noise or cry.
CATES, noun Delicious food or viands; dainties.
CATHARTIC,
CATHARTICAL, adjective Purging; cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by stool; purgative.
CATHARTIC, noun A medicine that promotes alvine discharges, and thus cleanses the stomach and bowels; a purge; a purgative.
CATHARTICAL, a. Purging; cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by stool; purgative.
CATHARTICALNESS, noun The quality of promoting discharges from the bowels.
CATHEDRAL, noun The see or seat of a bishop; the principal church in a diocese.
CATHEDRAL, adjective
1. Pertaining to the church which is the bishops seat, or head church of a diocese; containing the see of a bishop; as a cathedral church; cathedral service.
2. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; as, cathedral walks.
CATHEDRATED, adjective Relating to the authority of the chair or office of a teacher.
CATHETER, noun In surgery, a tubular instrument, usually made of silver, to be introduced into the bladder, to draw off the urine when the natural discharge is suppressed; also, a sound to search for the stone, or a bougie made of silver or elastic gum.
CATHETUS noun In geometry, a line or radius, falling perpendicularly on another line or surface; as the two sides of a right-angled triangle.
CATHETUS of incidence, in catoptries, is a right line drawn from a point of the object, perpendicular to the reflecting line.
CATHETUS of reflection, or of the eye, a right line drawn from the eye perpendicular to the reflecting plane.
CATHETUS of obliquation, a right line drawn perpendicular to the speculum, in the point of incidence or reflection.
In architecture, a cathetus is a perpendicular line, supposed to pass through the middle of a cylindrical body.
CATHOLIC, adjective
1. Universal or general; as the catholic church. Originally this epithet was given to the Christian church in general, but is now appropriated to the Romish church, and in strictness there is no catholic church, or universal Christian communion. The epithet is sometimes set in opposition to heretic, sectary or schismatic.
2. Liberal; not narrow minded, partial or bigoted; as a catholic man.
3. Liberal; as catholic principles.
CATHOLIC epistles, the epistles of the apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular church.
CATHOLIC, noun A papist.
CATHOLICIZE, verb intransitive To become a catholic.
CATHOLICLY, adverb Generally; in a catholic manner.
CATHOLICNESS, noun Universality.
CATHOLICON, noun A remedy for all diseases; a universal remedy; a remedy supposed to be efficacious in purging away all humors; a panacea; a kind of soft purgative electuary so called.
CATILINISM, noun The practices of Catiline, the Roman conspirator; conspiracy.
CATKIN, noun In botany, a species of calyx or rather of inflorescence, from a common chaffy gemmaceous receptacle, or consisting of many chaffy scales ranged along a stalk, slender as a thread, which is the common receptacle, as in hazle, birch, oak, willow, poplar, etc.; so called from its resemblance to a cats tail.
CATLING, noun
1. A dismembering knife, used by surgeons.
2. The down or moss growing about walnut trees, resembling the hair of a cat.
3. Catgut.
CATONIAN, adjective Pertaining to or resembling Cato, the Roman, who was remarkable for his severity of manners; grave; severe; inflexible.
CATOPTER,
CATOPTRIC,
CATOPTRICAL, adjective [See Catoptrics.] Relating to catoptries, or vision by reflection.
CATOPTRIC,
CATOPTRICAL, a. [See Catoptrics.] Relating to catoptries, or vision by reflection.
CATOPTRICS, noun That part of optics which explains the properties of reflected light, and particularly that which is reflected from mirrors or polished bodies.
CATOPTROMANCY, noun A species of divination among the ancients, which was performed by letting down a mirror into water, for a sick person to look at his face in it. If his countenance appeared distorted and ghastly, it was an ill omen; if fresh and healthy, it was favorable.
CATOPTRON, noun An optical glass or instrument.
CATSILVER, noun A fossil, a species of mica.
CATSUP, noun A liquor extracted from mushrooms, used as a sauce.
CATTERY, noun The place where provisions are deposited.
CATTLE, noun
1. Beasts or quadrupeds in general, serving for tillage, or other labor, and for food to man. In its primary sense, the word includes camels, horses, asses, all the varieties of domesticated horned beasts or the bovine genus, sheep of all kinds and goats, and perhaps swine. In this general sense, it is constantly used in the scriptures. See Job 1:3. Hence it would appear that the word properly signifies possessions, goods. But whether from a word originally signifying a beast, for in early ages beasts constituted the chief part of a mans property, or from a root signifying to get or possess. This word is restricted to domestic beasts; but in England it includes horses, which it ordinarily does not, in the United States, at least not in New-England.
2. In the United States, cattle in common usage, signifies only beasts of the bovine genus, oxen, bulls, cows and their young. In the laws respecting domestic beasts, horses, sheep, asses, mules and swine are distinguished from cattle or neat cattle Thus the law in Connecticut, requiring that all the owners of any cattle sheep or swine, shall ear-mark or brand all their cattle sheep and swine, does not extend to horses. Yet it is probable that a law, giving damages for a trespass committed by cattle breaking into an inclosure, would be adjudged to include horses.
In Great Britain, beasts are distinguished into black cattle including bulls, oxen, cows and their young; and small cattle including sheep of all kinds and goats.
3. In reproach, human beings are called cattle
CAUCASEAN, adjective Pertaining to Mount Caucasus in Asia.
CAUCASIAN,
CAUCUS, noun A word used in America to denote a meeting of citizens to agree upon candidates to be proposed for election to offices, or to concert measures for supporting a party. The origin of the word is not ascertained.
CAUCUS, n. A word used in America to denote a meeting of citizens to agree upon candidates to be proposed for election to offices, or to concert measures for supporting a party. The origin of the word is not ascertained.
CAUDAL, adjective Pertaining to a tail; or to the thread which terminates the seed of a plant.
CAUDATE,
CAUDATED,
CAUDEX, noun In botany, the stem of a tree. Linne uses the word for the stock which proceeds from a seed, one part ascending and forming the body above ground, the other descending and putting forth roots.
CAUDEX, n. In botany, the stem of a tree. Linne uses the word for the stock which proceeds from a seed, one part ascending and forming the body above ground, the other descending and putting forth roots.
CAUDLE, noun A kind of warm broth, a mixture of wine and other ingredients prepared for the sick.
CAUDLE, verb transitive To make or prepare caudle or to dress with caudle
CAUF, noun A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water.
CAUGHT, preterit tense and participle passive of catch, pronounced caut.
CAUK,
CAUKY, adjective Pertaining to cauk; like cauk
CAUKY, a. Pertaining to cauk; like cauk.
CAUL, noun
1. In anatomy, a membrane in the abdomen, covering the greatest part of the lower intestines, called from its structure, reticuluim, a net, but more generally, the omentum; also, a little membrane sometimes encompassing the head of a child when born.
2. A kind of net in which females inclose their hair; the hinder part of a cap.
3. Any kind of net.
CAULESCENT, adjective In botany, having a stem different from that which produces the flower; as a caulescent plant. Linne applies this term to the root also, as in cabbage and turnep.
CAULIFEROUS, adjective In botany, having a stem or stalk.
CAULIFLOWER, noun A variety of Brassica or cabbage, well known and much esteemed.
CAULIFORM, adjective Having the form of a stalk or of stems.
CAULINE, adjective In botany, growing immediately on the stem, without the intervention of branches; as a cauline leaf, bulb, peduncle or scape.
CAULK, [See Calk.]
CAUPONATE, verb intransitive To keep a victualling house.
CAUPONISE, verb transitive To sell wine or victuals.
CAUSABLE, adjective [See Cause.] That may be caused, produced or effected.
CAUSAL, adjective [See Cause.] Relating to a cause or causes; implying or containing a cause or causes; expressing a cause.
CAUSAL propositions are where two propositions are joined by causal words, as that or because.
CAUSAL, noun In grammar, a word that expresses a cause, or introduces the reason.
CAUSALITY, noun The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in producing its effect.
CAUSALLY, adverb According to the order or series of causes.
CAUSALTY, noun Among miners, the lighter, earthy parts of ore, carried off by washing.
CAUSATION, noun The act of causing or producing; the act or agency by which an effect is produced.
CAUSATIVE, adjective That expresses a cause or reason; also, that effects as a cause.
CAUSATIVELY, adverb In a causative manner.
CAUSATOR, noun One who causes or produces an effect.
CAUSE, noun s as z.
1. A suit or action in court; any legal process which a party institutes to obtain his demand, or by which he seeks his right or his supposed right. This is a legal, scriptural and popular use of the word, coinciding nearly with case from cado, and action from ago, to urge or drive.
The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Exodus 22:5.
2. That which produces an effect; that which impels into existence, or by its agency or operation produces what did not before exist; that by virtue of which any thing is done; that from which any thing proceeds, and without which it would not exist.
CAUSE is a substance exerting its power into act, to make a thing begin to be.
3. The reason or motive that urges, moves, or impels the mind to act or decide.
For this cause have I raised up Pharaoh. Exodus 9:16.
And David said, is there not a cause? 1 Samuel 17:29.
4. Sake; account.
I did it not for his cause that had done the wrong. 2 Corinthians 6:1. [See Sake.]
5. That which a party or nation pursues; or rather pursuit, prosecution of an object. We say, Bible Societies are engaged in a noble cause [See the first definition.] Hence the word cause is used to denote that which a person or thing favors; that to which the efforts of an intelligent being are directed; as, to promote religion is to advance the cause of God. So we say, the cause of truth or of justice. In all its applications, cause retains something of its original meaning, struggle, impelling force, contest, effort to obtain or to effect something.
6. Without cause without good reason; without a reason or motive to justify the act.
They hate me without cause Psalms 35:19. Psalms 69:4.
CAUSE, verb transitive
1. To produce; to bring into existence.
They caused great joy to all the brethren. Acts 15:3.
2. To effect by agency, power or influence.
I will cause it to rain on the earth forty days. Genesis 7:4.
I will cause him to fall by the sword. 2 Kings 19:7.
CAUSE, verb intransitive To assign insufficient cause
CAUSED, participle passive Produced; effected; brought about.
CAUSELESS, adjective
1. Having no cause, or producing agent.
2. Without just ground, reason or motive; as causeless hatred; causeless fear. Proverbs 26:2.
CAUSELESSLY, adverb Without cause or reason.
CAUSELESSNESS, noun The state of being causeless.
CAUSER, noun He that causes; the agent by which an effect is produced.
CAUSEY, noun A way raised above the natural level of the ground, by stones, earth, timber, fascines, etc., serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy ground, or as a mole to confine water to a pond or restrain it from overflowing lower ground. Most generally it is a way raised in a common road.
CAUSIDICAL, adjective Pertaining to an advocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits.
CAUSING, participle present tense Producing; effecting; bringing into being.
CAUSTIC,
CAUSTICAL, adjective Burning; corroding; destroying the texture of animal flesh.
CAUSTIC, noun In medicine, any substance which applied to living animals, acts like fire, in corroding the part and dissolving its texture; an escharotic. [See Causticity.]
Lunar caustic a preparation of crystals of silver, obtained by solution in nitric acid, and afterwards fused in a crucible. It is a nitrate of silver.
CAUSTIC curve, in geometry, a curve formed by a coincidence of rays of light reflected from another curve.
CAUSTICAL, a. Burning; corroding; destroying the texture of animal flesh.
CAUSTICITY, noun The quality of acting like fire on animal matter, or the quality of combining with the principles of organized substances, and destroying their texture. This quality belongs to concentrated acids, pure alkalis, and some metallic salts.
CAUTEL, noun Caution.
CAUTELOUS, adjective
1. Cautions; wary; provident.
2. Cunning; treacherous; wily.
CAUTELOUSLY, adverb
1. Cunningly; slily; treacherously.
2. Cautiously; warily.
CAUTELOUSNESS, noun Cautiousness.
CAUTERISM, noun The application of cautery.
CAUTERIZATION, noun [See Cauterize.] In surgery, the act of burning or searing some morbid part, by the application of fire. This is done by burning tow, cotton, moxa, Spanish wax, pyramidical pieces of linen, etc., or more generally by a hot iron.
CAUTERIZE, verb transitive To burn or sear with fire or a hot iron, as morbid flesh.
CAUTERIZED, participle passive Burnt or seared with a hot iron.
CAUTERIZING, participle present tense Burning, as with a hot iron.
CAUTERIZING, noun The act of burning, as with a hot iron.
CAUTERY, noun A burning or searing, as of morbid flesh, by a hot iron or by caustic medicines that burn, corrode or destroy any solid part of an animal body. The burning by a hot iron is called actual cautery; that by caustic medicines, potential cautery
CAUTION, noun
1. Provident care; prudence in regard to danger; wariness, consisting in a careful attention to the probable effects of a measure, and a judicious course of conduct to avoid evils and the arts of designing men.
CAUTION is the armor to defend us against imposition and the attacks of evil.
2. Security for, nearly the sense of the French caution bail.
The parliament would give his majesty sufficient caution that the war should be prosecuted.
3. Provision or security against; measures taken for security; as the rules and cautions of government.
4. Precept; advice; injunction; warning; exhortation, intended as security or guard against evil.
CAUTION, verb transitive To give notice of danger; to warn; to exhort to take heed.
You cautioned me against their charms.
CAUTIONARY, adjective
1. Containing caution, or warning to avoid danger; as cautionary advice.
2. Given as a pledge or in security; as a cautionary town.
CAUTIONED, participle passive Warned; previously admonished.
CAUTIONER, noun In Scots law, the person who is bound for another, to the performance of an obligation.
CAUTIONING, participle present tense Warning; giving previous notice of danger.
CAUTIONRY, noun In Scots law, the act of giving security for another, or the obligation by which one person becomes engaged as security for another, that he shall pay a sum of money or perform a deed.
CAUTIOUS, adjective Wary; watchful; careful to avoid evils; attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of measures, with a view to avoid danger or misfortune; prudent; circumspect.
CAUTIOUSLY, adverb With caution; in a wary, scrupulous manner.
CAUTIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being cautious; watchfulness; provident care; circumspection; prudence with regard to danger.
CAVALCADE, noun A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous march of horsemen and equipage, by way of parade, or to grace a triumph, the public entry of a person of distiction, etc.
CAVALIER, noun
1. A horseman, especially an armed horseman; a knight.
2. A gay, sprightly, military man.
3. The appellation of the party of king Charles I.
4. In fortification, an elevation of earth, situated ordinarily in the gorge of a bastion, bordered with a parapet, with embrasures.
5. In the manege, one who understands horsemanship; one skilled in the art of riding.
CAVALIER, adjective
1. Gay; sprightly; warlike; brave; generous.
2. Haughty; disdainful.
CAVALIERLY, adverb Haughtily; arrogantly; disdainfully.
CAVALIERNESS, noun Haughtiness; a disdainful manner.
CAVALRY, noun A body of military troops on horses; a general term, including light-horse, dragoons, and other bodies of men, serving on horseback.
CAVATE, verb transitive To dig out and make hollow; but superseded by excavate.
CAVATINA, noun In music, a short air, without a return or second part, which is sometimes relieved by recitative.
CAVAZION, noun In architecture, the underdigging or hollowing of the earth for the foundation of a building, or for cellarage; allowed to be the sixth part of the highth of the building.
CAVE, noun A hollow place in the earth; a subterraneous cavern; a den. This may be natural or artificial. The primitive inhabitants of the earth, in many countries, lived in caves; and the present inhabitants of some parts of the earth, especially in the high northern latitudes, occupy caves, particularly in winter.
Lot dwelt in a cave he and his daughters. Genesis 19:30.
CAVEs were also used for the burial of the dead.
Abraham buried Sarah in the cave of the field of Machpelab. Genesis 23:9.
Bacon applies the word to the ear, the cave of the ear; but this application is unusual.
CAVE, verb transitive To make hollow.
CAVE, verb intransitive To dwell in a cave
To cave in, to fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on the side of a well or pit. When in digging into the earth, the side is excavated by a falling of a quantity of earth, it is said to cave in.
CAVEAT, noun
1. In law, a process in a court, especially in a spiritual court, to stop proceedings, as to stop the proving of a will; also to prevent the institution of a clerk to a benefice.
In America, it is used in courts of common law.
2. Intimation of caution; hint; warning; admonition.
CAVEAT, verb transitive To enter a caveat
CAVEATING, noun In fencing, is the shifting the sword from one side of that of your adversary to the other.
CAVEATOR, noun One who enters a caveat.
CAVERN, noun A deep hollow place in the earth. In general, it differs from cave in greater depth, and in being applied most usually to natural hollows, or chasms.
Earth with its caverns dark and deep.
CAVERNED, adjective
1. Full of caverns, or deep chasms; having caverns.
2. Inhabiting a cavern.
CAVERNOUS, adjective Hollow; full of caverns.
CAVERNULOUS, adjective Full of little cavities; as cavernulous metal.
CAVESSON, noun A sort of nose-band, of iron, leather or wood, sometimes flat, and sometimes hollow or twisted, which is put on the nose of a horse to wring it, and thus to forward the suppling and breaking of him.
CAVETTO, noun In architecture, a hollow member, or round concave molding, containing the quadrant of a circle; used as an ornament in cornices.
CAVEZON,
CAVIAR, noun The roes of certain large fish, prepared and salted. The best is made from the roes of the sterlet, sturgeon, sevruga, and beluga, caught in the lakes of rivers of Russia. The roes are put into a bag with a strong brine, and pressed by wringing, and then dried and put in casks, or into cisterns, perforated at bottom, where they are pressed by heavy weights. The poorest sort is trodden with the feet.
CAVIAR, n. The roes of certain large fish, prepared and salted. The best is made from the roes of the sterlet, sturgeon, sevruga, and beluga, caught in the lakes of rivers of Russia. The roes are put into a bag with a strong brine, and pressed by wringing, and then dried and put in casks, or into cisterns, perforated at bottom, where they are pressed by heavy weights. The poorest sort is trodden with the feet.
CAVIL, verb intransitive
1. To raise captious and frivolous objections; to find fault without good reason; followed by at.
It is better to reason than to cavil
2. To advance futile objections, or to frame sophisms, for the sake of victory in an argument.
CAVIL, verb transitive To receive or treat with objections.
Wilt thou enjoy the good. Then civil the conditions.
CAVIL, noun False or frivolous objections; also, a fallacious kind of reason, bearing some resemblance to truth, advanced for the sake of victory.
CAVILER, noun One who cavils; one who is apt to raise captious objections; a captious disputant.
CAVILING, participle present tense Raising frivolous objections.
CAVILINGLY, adverb In a caviling manner.
CAVILLATION, noun The act or practice of caviling, or raising frivolous objections.
CAVILOUS, adjective Captious; unfair in argument; apt to object without good reason.
CAVILOUSLY, adverb In a cavilous manner; captiously.
CAVILOUSNESS, noun Captiousness; disposition or aptitude to raise frivolous objections.
CAVIN, noun In the military art, a hollow way or natural hollow, adapted to cover troops and facilitate their approach to a place.
CAVITY, noun A hollow place; hollowness; an opening; as the cavity of the mouth or throat. This is a word of very general signification.
CAVOLINITE, noun A newly discovered Vesuvain mineral, of a hexahedral form, occurring in the interior of calcarious balls, accompanied with garnets, idocrase, mica, and granular pyroxene, lining the cavity of the geode, etc.
CAVY, noun A genus of quadrupeds, holding a middle place between the murine and leporine tribes.
CAW, verb intransitive To cry like a crow, rook or raven.
CAWK, noun A name given by miners to certain specimens of the compact sulphate of baryte. These are of a white, gray or fawn color, often irregular in figure, but sometimes resembling a number of small convex lenses set in a ground.
This name is sometimes given to masses composed of concentric lamellar concretions.
CAXOU, noun A chest of ores of any metal that has been burnt, ground and washed, and is ready to be refined.
CAYMAN, noun An animal of the genus Lacerta, found in the West Indies, the alligator.
CAZIC, or CAZIQUE, noun The title of a king or chief among several tribes of Indians in America.
CAZIC, or CAZQUE noun The title of a king or chief among several tribes of Indians in America.