B'AA, noun The cry or appropriate bleating of sheep.

B'AA, verb intransitive To cry or bleat as sheep.

BA'AL, noun An idol among the ancient Chaldeans and Syrians, representing the sun. The word signifies also lord, or commander; and the character of the idol was varied by different nations, at different times. Thus baal Berith is supposed to signify the Lord of the Covenant; baal Peor, or rather baal Phegor, the Lord of the dead. Ps. cvi, baal Zebub, the god of flies, etc.

BAB'BLE, verb intransitive

1. To utter words imperfectly or indistinctly, as children.

2. To talk idly or irrationally; to talk thoughtlessly.

3. To talk much; to prate; hence to tell secrets.

4. To utter sounds frequently, incessantly, or indistinctly; as a babbling echo; a babbling stream.

BAB'BLE, verb transitive To prate; to utter.

BAB'BLE, noun Idle talk; senseless prattle.

1

BAB'BLEMENT, noun Idle talk; senseless prate; unmeaning words.

BAB'BLER, noun An idle talker; an irrational prattler; a teller of secrets.

BAB'BLING, participle present tense Talking idly; telling secrets.

2. Uttering a succession of murmuring sounds; as a babbling stream.

3. In hunting, babbling is when the hounds are too busy after they have found a good scent.

BAB'BLING, noun Foolish talk. 1 Timothy 6:20.

BABE, noun [Latin pupus, a word of endearment; pupa, little girl; whence pupillus, pupilla, pupil.]

An infant; a young child of either sex.

BA'BEL, noun [Heb.] Confusion; disorder.

BA'BERY, noun Finery to please a child; any trifling toy for children.

BA'BISH, adjective Like a babe; childish.

BA'BISHLY, adverb Childishly.

BABOON', noun A monkey of the largest species; a quadruped belonging to the genus Simia, in the class Mammalia, and order Primates, according to the system of Linne; but by Pennant arranged under the digitated quadrupeds. Baboons have short tails; a long face; a broad high muzzle; dog-like tusks, or canine teeth; and naked callosities on the buttocks. They are found only on the eastern continent.

BA'BY, adjective Like a young child; pertaining to an infant.

BA'BY, noun [See Babe.] An infant or young child of either sex; a babe; [used in familiar language.]

2. A small image in form of an infant, for girls to play with; a doll.

BA'BY, verb transitive To treat like a young child.

BA'BYHOOD, noun The state of being a baby.

BABYLO'NIAN

BABYLON'IC

BABYLON'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as Babylonic garments, carpets or hangings.

2. Tumultuous; disorderly.

BABYLON'IC

BABYLON'ICAL, a. Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as Babylonic garments, carpets or hangings.

BABYLON'ICS, noun plural The title of a fragment of the history of the world, ending 267 years before Christ, composed by Berosus, a priest of Babylon.

BABYLO'NISH, adjective Pertaining to Babylon, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia, or to the kingdom. The city stood on the river Frat, or Euphrates, and it is supposed, on the spot where the tower of Babel was founded.

2. Like the language of Babel; mixed; confused.

BABYLO'NIAN, noun An inhabitant of Babylonia. In ancient writers, an astrologer, as the Chaldeans were remarkable for the study of astrology.

BABYROUS'SA, noun In zoology, the Indian hog, a native of Celebes, and of Buero, but not found on the continent of Asia or of Africa. This quadruped belongs to the genus, Sus, in the class Mammalia, and order Bellua. From the outside of the upper jaw, spring two teeth twelve inches long, bending like horns, and almost touching the forehead. Along the back are some weak bristles, and on the rest of the body only a sort of wool. These animals live in herds, feed on herbage, are sometimes tamed, and their flesh is well tasted. When pursued hard, they rush into the sea, swim or dive and pass from isle to isle. In the forest, they rest their heads by hooking their upper tusks on a bough.

BAC or BACK, noun

1. In navigation, a ferry-boat or praam.

2. In brewing, a large flat tub, or vessel, in which wort is cooled before boiling; hence called a cooler.

3. In distilleries, a vessel into which the liquor to be fermented is pumped, from the cooler, in order to be worked with the yeast.

BAC'CA, noun [Latin] In botany, a berry; a fruit which consists of a pulpy pericarp, without valves, inclosing several naked seeds.

BACCALAU'REATE, noun [The first part of this word is from the same root as bachelor; or as Bailey supposes, from bacca, berry; and the latter part, from laurea, a laurel, from the practice of wearing a garland of bay berries.]

The degree of bachelor of arts.

BAC'CATED, adjective [Latin baccatus, garnished with pearls, from bacca, a berry.]

Set or adorned with pearls; having many berries.

BAC'CHANAL,

BACCHANA'LIAN, noun [from Bacchus, Gr., the deity of wine and revelling. Latin poculum.]

One who indulges in drunken revels; a drunkard; one who is noisy and riotous, when intoxicated.

BAC'CHANAL,

BACCHANA'LIAN, adjective Revelling in intemperate drinking; riotous; noisy.

BACCHANA'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to reveling and drunkenness. Even bacchanalian madness has its charms.

BAC'CHANALS, noun plural Drunken feasts; the revels of bacchanalians. In antiquity, feasts in honor of Bacchus, the god of wine. These were celebrated in spring and autumn, with games and shows.

BAC'CHIC, adjective Jovial; drunken; mad with intoxication.

2. Relating to Bacchus, the god of wine; as, a bacchic feast or song; bacchic mysteries.

BAC'CHIUS, noun In ancient poetry, a foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones; as in avari.

BACCIF'FEROUS, adjective [Latin baccifer, of bacca, a berry, and fero, to bear.]

That produces berries. [See Bacca.] Bacciferous plants formerly included all such plants as have a pulpy fruit, whether of the apple, berry or cherry kind; but the modern systems of botany comprehend under this description such plants only as bear the pulpy pericarp, called bacca, or berry.

BACCIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin bacca, berry, and voro, to eat.]

Eating or subsisting on berries; as baccivorous birds.

BACH'ELOR, noun [Latin baculus, a stick, that is, a shoot.]

1. A young man who has not been married.

2. A man of any age, who has not been married; often with the word old.

3. A person who has taken the first degree in the liberal arts and sciences, at a college or university. This degree or honor is called the baccalaureate. This title is given also to such as take the first degree in divinity, law or physic, in certain European universities.

4. A knight of the lowest order, or more correctly, a young knight, styled, a knight bachelor The Germans anciently constituted their young men knights or soldiers, by presenting to them a shield and a lance, in a great council. This ceremony answered to that of the toga virilis of the Romans. In the livery companies of London, those persons not yet admitted to the livery are called bachelors.

BACH'ELORSHIP, noun The state of being a bachelor.

2. The state of one who has taken his first degree in a college or university.

BACK, noun

1. The upper part of an animal, particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge. In human beings, the hinder part of the body.

2. The outward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner, concave part, or palm.

3. As the back of man is the part on the side opposite to the face; hence the part opposed to the front; as the back of a book and of a chimney, or the back of a house.

4. The part opposite to or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or actor, or the part out of sight; as the back of an isle, of a wood, of a village.

5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal, and as the back is behind in motion; hence the thick and strong part of a cutting tool; as the back of a knife, or of a saw.

6. The place behind or nearest the back; as, on the back of a hill or of a village.

7. The outer part of the body, or the whole body; a part for the whole; as, he has not clothes to his back

8. To turn the back on one, is to forsake, or neglect him.

9. To turn the back to one, to acknowledge to be superior.

10. To turn the back is to depart, or to leave the care or cognizance of; to remove or be absent.

11. Behind the back is in secret, or when one is absent.

12. To cast behind the back in scripture, is to forget and forgive, Is.xxxviii, 17; or to treat with contempt. Ez.xxiii.35. Neh.ix.26.

13. To plow the back is to oppress and persecute. Psalms 129:3.

14. To bow the back is to submit to oppression. Rom.xi.10.

BACK, adverb To the place from which one came; as, to go back is to return.

2. In a figurative sense, to a former state, condition or station; as, he cannot go back from his engagements.

3. Behind; not advancing; not coming or bringing forward; as, to keep back a part; to keep one's selfback.

4. Towards times or things past; as, to look back on former ages.

5. Again; in return; as, give back the money.

6. To go or come back is to return, either to a former place, or state.

7. To go or give back is to retreat to recede.

BACK, verb transitive To mount; to get upon the back; sometimes perhaps to place upon the back; as, to back a horse.

2. To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid; as, the Court was backed by the House of Commons.

3. To put backward; to cause to retreat or recede; as, to back oxen.

4. To back a warrant, is for a justice of the peace in the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender.

5. In seamanship, to back an anchor is to lay down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the cable of the small one being fastened to the crown of the large one, to prevent its coming home.

6. To back astern, in rowing, is to manage the oars in a direction contrary to the usual method, to move a boat stern foremost.

7. To back the sails, is to arrange them so as to cause the ship to move astern.

BACK, verb intransitive To move or go back; as, the horse refuses to back

BACK'BITE, verb transitive [back and bite] To censure, slander, reproach, or speak evil of the absent. Proverbs 25:1.

BACK'BITER, noun One who slanders, calumniates or speaks ill of the absent.

BACK'BITING, noun The act of slandering the absent; secret calumny. 2 Corinthians 12:20.

BACKBI'TINGLY, adverb With secret slander.

BACK'BOARD, noun [back and board.] A board placed across the after part of a boat.

BACKBO'NE, noun [back and bone.] The bone of the back; or the spine.

BACK'CARRY, noun A having on the back; a term of law.

BACKDOOR, noun [back and door.] A door on the back part of a bulding; a private passage; and indirect way.

BACK'ED, participle passive Mounted; having on the back; supported by aid; seconded; moved backward.

BACK'ED, adjective Having a back; a word used in composition; as broad-backed, hump-backed.

BACK'FRIEND, noun [back and friend.] A secret enemy.

BACKGAM'MON, noun A game played by two persons, upon a table, with box and dice. The table is in two parts, on which are 24 black and white spaces, called points. Each player has 15 men of different colors for the purpose of distinction.

BACK'GROUND, noun [back and ground.] Ground in the rear or behind, as opposed to the front.

2. A place of obscurity, or shade; a situation little seen, or noticed.

BACK'HANDED, adjective [back and hand.] With the hand turned backward; as a backhanded blow.

BACK'HANDED, adverb With the hand directed backward; as, to strike backhanded

BACK'HOUSE, noun [back and house.] A building behind the main or front building.

6

BACK'ING, participle present tense Mounting; moving back, as a horse; seconding.

BACK'PAINTING, noun [back and paint.] The method of painting mezzotinto prints, pasted on glass of a size to fit the print.

BACK'PIECE, noun [back and piece.] The piece of armor which covers the back.

BACK'RETURN, noun Repeated return.

BACK'ROOM, noun [back and room.] A room behind the front room, or in the back part of the house.

BACKS, noun Among dealers in leather, the thickest and best tanned hides.

BACK'SET, adjective [back and set.] Set upon in the rear.

BACK'SIDE, noun [back and side.] The back part of anything; the part behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator. Exodus 3:1.

2. The hind part of an animal.

3. The yard, ground or place behind a house.

BACKSLI'DE, verb intransitive [back and slide.] To fall off; to apostatize; to turn gradually from the faith and practice of christianity. Jeremiah 3:1. Hosea 4.

BACKSLI'DER, noun An apostate; one who falls from the faith and practice of religion. Proverbs 14:14.

2. One who neglects his vows of obedience and falls into sin.

BACKSLI'DING, noun The act of apostatizing from faith or practice; a falling insensibly from religion into sin or idolatry. Jer. v.6.

BACK'STAFF, noun [back and staff, so called from its being used with the observer's back toward the sun.]

A quadrant; an instrument for taking the sun's altitude at sea; called also, from its inventor, Davis's quadrant.

BACK'STAIRS, noun [back and stairs.]

Stairs in the back part of a house; private stairs; and figuratively, a private or indirect way.

BACK'STAYS, noun [back and stay.]

Long ropes or stays extending from the top-mast heads to both sides of a ship, to assist the shrouds in supporting the mast, when strained by a weight of sail, and prevent it from giving way and falling overboard.

BACK'SWORD, noun [back and sword.]

A sword with one sharp edge. In England, a stick with a basket handle used in rustic amusements.

7

BACK'WARD

BACK'WARDLY, adverb Unwillingly; reluctantly; adversely; perversely.

BACK'WARDNESS, noun Unwillingness; reluctance, dilatoriness, or dullness in action.

2. A state of being behind in progress; slowness; tardiness; as the backwardness of the spring.

BACK'WARDS, adverb [back and ward. See Ward.] With the back in advance; as, to move backward.

2. Toward the back; as, to throw the arms backward; to move backwards and forwards.

3. On the back, or with the back downwards; as, to fall backward.

4. Toward past times or events; as to look backward on the history of man.

5. By way of reflection; reflexively.

6. From a better to a worse state; as, public affairs go backward.

7. In time past; as, let us look some ages backward.

8. Perversely; from a wrong end.

I never yet saw man but she would spell him backward.

9. Towards the beginning; in an order contrary to the natural order; as, to read backward.

10. In a scriptural sense, to go or turn backward, is to rebel, apostatize, or relapse into sin, or idolatry. Isaiah 1:1.

11. Contrarily; in a contrary manner.

To be driven or turned backward, is to be defeated, or disappointed. Ps.xl.turn judgment backward, is to pervert justice and laws. Is.lix.

BACK'WARD, adjective Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating. For wiser brutes are backward to be slaves.

2. Slow; sluggish; dilatory. The mind is backward to undergo the fatigue of weighing every argument.

3. Dull; not quick of apprehension; behind in progress; as a backward learner.

4. Late; behind in time; coming after something else, or after the usual time; as backward fruits; the season is backward.

BACK'WARD, noun The things or state behind or past.

In the dark backward or abysm of time. [Not proper, nor in use.]

BACK'WORM, noun [back and worm.] A small worm, in a thin skin, in the reins of a hawk. [See Filanders.]

BA'CON, noun ba'kn.

Hog's flesh, salted or pickled and dried, usually in smoke.

To save one's bacon is to preserve one's self from harm.

BAC'ULE, noun In fortification, a kind of portcullis or gate, made like a pit-fall, with a counterpoise, and supported by two great stakes.

BAC'ULITE, noun [Latin baculus.]

A genus of fossil shells, of a straight form, in their cellular structure resembling the ammonites.

BACULOM'ETRY, noun [Latin baculus, a staff, and Gr. measure.]

The act of measuring distance of altitude by a staff or staves.

BAD, adjective [Heb. to perish or destroy]

1. Ill; evil; opposed to good; a word of general use, denoting physical defects and moral faults, in men and things; as a bad man, a bad heart, a bad design, bad air, bad water, bad books.

2. Vicious; corrupt; depraved, in a moral sense; as a bad life; a bad action.

3. Unwholesome; as bad provisions.

4. Unfortunate; unprosperous; as a bad state of affairs.

5. Unskillful; as a bad player.

6. Small; poor; as a bad crop.

7. Infirm; as a bad state of health.

8. Feeble, corrupt, or oppressive; as a bad government.

9. Hurtful; pernicious; as, fine print is bad for the eyes.

10. Unfavorable; as a bad season.

11. Poor; sterile; as a bad soil.

12. Rough or muddy; as a bad road. In short, bad expresses whatever is injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, unlawful or immoral; whatever is offensive, painful or unfavorable; or what is defective.

BAD, BADE, the past tense of bid. [See Bid.]

BADGE, noun [I know not the affinities of this word, not having found it in any other language. Probably it belongs to class Bg.]

1. A mark, sign, token or thing, by which a person is distinguished, in a particular place or employment, and designating his relation to a person or to a particular occupation; as the badge of authority.

2. The mark or token of anything; as the badge of bitterness.

3. An ornament on ships, near the stern, decorated with figures.

BADGE, verb transitive To mark, or distinguish with a badge

BADG'ER, noun In law, a person who is licensed to buy corn in one place and sell it in another, without incurring the penalties of engrossing.

BADG'ER, noun A quadruped of the genus Ursus, of a clumsy make, with short, thick legs, and long claws on the fore feet. It inhabits the north of Europe and Asia, burrows, is indolent and sleepy, feeds by night on vegetables, and is very fat. Its skin is used for pistol furniture; its flesh makes good bacon, and its hair is used for brushes to soften the shades in painting. The American badger is called the ground hog, and is sometimes white.

BADIA'GA, noun A small spunge, common in the North of Europe, the powder of which is used to take away the livid marks of bruises.

BAD'IANE

BADIGE'ON, noun A mixture of plaster and free stone, ground together and sifted, used by statuaries to fill the small holes and repair the defects of the stones, of which they make their statues.

BAD'INAGE, noun Light or playful discourse.

BAD'LY, adverb [from bad.] In a bad manner; not well, unskillfully; grievously; unfortunately; imperfectly.

BAD'NESS, noun The state of being bad, evil, vicious or depraved; want of good qualities, natural or moral; as the badness of the heart, of the season, of the roads, _ c.

BAF'FETAS

BAF'FLE, verb transitive To mock or elude by artifice; to elude by shifts and turns; hence to defeat, or confound; as, to baffle the designs of an enemy.

Fashionable follies baffle argument.

BAF'FLE, verb intransitive To practice deceit.

BAF'FLE, noun A defeat by artifice, shifts and turns.

BAF'FLE, v.t. To mock or elude by artifice; to elude by shifts and turns; hence to defeat, or confound; as, to baffle the designs of an enemy.

Fashionable follies baffle argument.

BAF'FLED, participle passive Eluded; defeated; confounded.

BAF'FLER, noun One that baffles.

BAF'FLING, participle present tense Eluding by shifts, and turns, or by stratagem; defeating; confounding. A baffling wind, among seamen, is one that frequently shifts, from one point to another.

BAF'TAS

BAG, noun [Norm. bage, a bag, a coffer, bagnes, baggage. This word seems to be from the root of pack, pouch.]

1. A sack; a pouch, usually of cloth or leather, used to hold, preserve or convey corn, and other commodities.

2. A sack in animal bodies containing some fluid or other substance.

3. Formerly, a sort of silken purse tied to the hair.

4. In commerce, a certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary to carry to market in a sack; as a bag of pepper or hops; a bag of corn.

5. Among farriers, a bag of asafoetida and savin is tied to the bits of horses to restore their appetites.

BAG, verb transitive To put into a bag.

2. To load with bags.

BAG, verb intransitive To swell like a full bag, as sails when filled with wind.

BAG, n.[Norm. bage, a bag, a coffer, bagnes, baggage. This word seems to be from the root of pack, pouch.]

BAGATELLE, noun bagatel'.

A trifle; a thing of no importance.

BAG'GAGE, noun [Eng.package.]

1. The tents, clothing, utensils, and other necessaries of an army.

2. The clothing and other conveniencies which a traveller carries with him, on a journey.

Having dispatched my baggage by water to Altdorf.

[The English now call this luggage.]

BAG'GAGE, noun A low worthless woman; a strumpet.

BAG'GING, participle present tense Swelling; becoming protuberant.

BAG'GING, noun The cloth or materials for bags. U.States. Edwards' W. Indies.

BAGNIO, noun ban'yo.[Latin balneum.]

1. A bath; a house for bathing, cupping, sweating and otherwise cleansing the body. In Turkey, it is the name of prisons where slaves are kept; so called from the baths which they contain.

2. A brothel.

BAG'PIPE, noun [bag and pipe.]

A musical wind instrument, used chiefly in Scotland and Ireland. It consists of a leathern bag, which receives the air by a tube, which is stopped by a valve; and pipes, into which the air is pressed by the performer. The base-pipe is called the drone, and the tenor or treble is called the chanter. The pipes have eight holes like those of a flute, which the performer stops and opens at pleasure. There are several species of bag-pipes, as the soft and melodious Irish bag-pipe, with two short drones and a long one; the Highland bag-pipe, with two short drones, the music of which is very loud; the Scot's Lowland bag-pipe, which is played with a bellows and is also a loud instrument. There is also a small pipe, with a chanter about eight inches in length.

In seamanship, to bag-pipe the mizen, is to lay it aback by bringing the sheet to the mizen shrouds.

BAG'PIPER, noun One who plays on a bag-pipe.

BAG'RE, noun A small bearded fish, a species of Silurus, anguilliform, of a silvery hue, without scales, and delicious food.

BAG'REEF, noun [bag and reef.] A fourth and lower reef used in the British navy.

BAGUET', noun In architecture, a little round molding, less than an astragal, sometimes carved and enriched.

BAHAR'

BAIGNE, verb transitive To soak or drench. [Not used.]

BAIGNE, v.t. To soak or drench. [Not used.]

BA'IKALITE, noun [From Baikal, a lake in Northern Asia.]

A mineral occurring in acicular prisms, sometimes long, and either confusedly grouped or radiating from a center. Its color is greenish, or yellowish white. It is regarded as a variety of Tremolite. This name is given also to an olive-green variety of augite and also of epidote.

BAIL

, verb transitive

1. To set free, deliver, or liberate from arrest and imprisonment, upon security given that the person bailed shall appear and answer in court. The word is applied to the magistrate, or the surety. The magistrate bails a man, when he liberates him from arrest or imprisonment, upon bond given with sureties. The surety bails a person, when he procures his release from arrest, by giving bond for his appearance.

2. To deliver goods in trust, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee or person entrusted; as, to bail cloth to a tailor to be made into a garment, or to bail goods to a carrier.

3. To free from water, as to bail a boat. This word is improperly written bale. The word is probably the same as bail in law, to free, or liberate, and signifies to throw out water, as with a bucket or shovel.

BAIL, noun The person or persons who procure the release of a prisoner from custody, by becoming surety for his appearance in court.

The bail must be real substantial bondsmen.

B and B were bail to the arrest in a suit at law.

BAIL is not used with a plural termination.

2. The security given for the release of a prisoner from custody; as, the man is out upon bail

Excessive bail ought not to be required.

BAIL is common or special. Common bail are imaginary persons, who are pledges for the plaintiff's prosecution; as John Doe and Richard Roe.

Special bail must be men of real substance, sufficient to pay their bond or recognizance. To perfect or justify bail is to prove by the oath of the person that he is worth the sum for which he is surety beyond his debts. To admit to bail is to release upon security given by bondsmen.

3. The handle of a kettle or other vessel.

4. In England, a certain limit within a forest.

BA'ILABLE, adjective That may be set free upon bond with sureties; that may be admitted to bail; used of persons.

2. That admits of bail; as a bailable offense.

BA'ILBOND, noun A bond or obligation given by a prisoner and his surety, to insure the prisoner's appearance in court, at the return of the writ.

BA'ILED, participle passive Released from custody on bonds for appearance in court.

2. Delivered in trust, to be carried and deposited, redelivered, or otherwise accounted for.

3. Freed from water, as a boat.

BAILEE', noun The person to whom goods are committed in trust, and who has a temporary possession and a qualified property in them, for the purposes of the trust.

BA'ILER

BA'ILIFF, noun [Heb.lord, chief.] In England, an officer appointed by the sheriff. Bailiffs are either special, and appointed, for their adroitness, to arrest persons; or bailiffs of hundreds, who collect fines, summon juries, attend the assizes, and execute writs and process. The sheriff in England is the king's bailiff.

There are also bailiffs of liberties, appointed by the lords in their respective jurisdictions, to execute process, and perform other duties; bailiffs of forests and manors, who direct the husbandry, collect rents, etc.; and water bailiffs in each port, to search vessels, gather toll for anchorage, arrest persons for debt on the water, etc.

The office of bailiff formerly was high and honorable in England, and officers under that title on the continent are still invested with important functions.

BA'ILIF, n.[Heb.lord, chief.] In England, an officer appointed by the sheriff. Bailiffs are either special, and appointed, for their adroitness, to arrest persons; or bailiffs of hundreds, who collect fines, summon juries, attend the assizes, and execute writs and process. The sheriff in England is the king's bailiff.

There are also bailiffs of liberties, appointed by the lords in their respective jurisdictions, to execute process, and perform other duties; bailiffs of forests and manors, who direct the husbandry, collect rents, &c; and water bailiffs in each port, to search vessels, gather toll for anchorage, arrest persons for debt on the water, &c.

The office of bailiff formerly was high and honorable in England, and officers under that title on the continent are still invested with important functions.

BA'ILIWICK, noun [bailli, an officer, see bailiff.]

The precincts in which a bailiff has jurisdiction; the limits of a bailiff's authority; as a hundred, a liberty, a forest, over which a bailiff is appointed. In the liberties and franchises of lords, the bailiff has exclusive jurisdiction.

BA'ILMENT, noun [from bail.]

A delivery of goods, in trust, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed.

BA'ILOR, noun One who delivers goods to another in trust, for some particular purpose.

BA'ILPIECE, noun A slip of parchment or paper containing a recognizance of bail above or bail to the action.

BAIRN

BAIT, noun

1. Any substance for food, proper to be used or actually used, to catch fish, or other animals, by alluring them to swallow a hook, or to be caught in snares, or in an inclosure or net.

2. A portion of food and drink, or a refreshment taken on a journey.

3. An allurement; enticement; temptation.

BAIT, verb transitive To put meat on a hook or line, or in an inclosure, or among snares, to allure fish, fowls and other animals into human power.

2. To give a portion of food and drink to man or beast upon the road; as, to bait horses.

BAIT, verb intransitive To take a portion of food and drink for refreshment on a journey; as, we stopped to bait.

BAIT, verb transitive

1. To provoke and harass by dogs; to harass by the help of others; as, to bait a bull or a boar.

2. To attack with violence; to harass in the manner of small animals.

BAIT, verb intransitive To clap the wings; to flutter as if to fly; or to hover as a hawk, when she stoops to her prey.

BAIT, noun White Bait, a small fish of the Thames.

BAIT, n.

BAIT, v.t. To put meat on a hook or line, or in an inclosure, or among snares, to allure fish, fowls and other animals into human power.

BAIT, v.i. To take a portion of food and drink for refreshment on a journey; as, we stopped to bait.

BA'ITED, participle passive Furnished with bait; allured; tempted.

2. Fed, or refreshed, on the road.

3. Harassed by dogs or other small animals; attacked.

BA'ITING, participle present tense Furnishing with bait; tempting; alluring.

2. Feeding; refreshing at an inn.

3. Harassing, with dogs; attacking.

BAIZE, noun A coarse woolen stuff, with a long nap, sometimes frized on one side, without wale, being wove with two treadles like flannel.

BAKE, verb transitive

1. To heat, dry and harden, as in an oven or furnace, or under coals of fire; to dress and prepare for food, in a close place heated; as, to bake bread.

2. To dry and harden by heat, either in an oven, kiln or furnace, or by the solar rays; as, to bake bricks; to bake the ground.

BAKE, verb intransitive To do the work of baking; as, she brews, washes and bakes.

2. To be baked; to dry and harden in heat; as, the bread bakes, the ground bakes in a hot sun.

BA'KED, participle passive Dried and hardened by heat; dressed in heat; as baked meat.

BA'KEHOUSE, noun [bake and house.] A house or building for baking.

BA'KEMEATS, noun Meats prepared for food in an oven. Gen.xl.

BA'KEN, participle passive The same as baked, and nearly obsolete.

BA'KER, noun One whose occupation is to bake bread, biscuit, etc.

BA'KERY, noun The trade of a baker.

2. A place occupied with the business of baking bread, etc.

BA'KING, participle present tense Drying and hardening in heat; dressing or cooking in a close place, or in heat.

BA'KING, noun The quantity baked at once; as a baking of bread.

BAL'AN, noun A fish of a beautiful yellow, variegated with orange, a species of wrasse, caught on the shores of England.

BAL'ANCE, noun [Latin bilanx, bis, twice, and lanz, a dish, the double dish.]

1. A pair of scales, for weighing commodities. It consists of a beam or lever suspended exactly in the middle, with a scale or basin hung to each extremity, of precisely equal weight.

The Roman balance our steel-yard, consists of a lever or beam, movable on a center, and suspended near one of its extremities. Hence,

2. One of the simple powers in mechanics, used for determining the equality or difference of weight in heavy bodies, and consequently their masses or quantity of matter.

3. Figuratively, an impartial state of the mind, in deliberating; or a just estimate of the reasons and arguments on

both sides of a question, which gives to each its due weight, or force and importance.

4. As balance signifies equal weight, or equality, it is by custom used for the weight or sum necessary to make two unequal weights or sums equal; that which is necessary to bring them to a balance or equipoise. Hence, in accounts, balance is the difference of two sums; as upon an adjustment of accounts, a balance was found against A, in favor of B. Hence, to pay a balance is to pay the difference and make the two accounts equal.

5. balance of trade is an equal exportation of domestic productions, and importation of foreign. But, usually, the term is applied to the difference between the amount or value of the commodities exported and imported. Hence the common expression, the balance of trade is against or in favor of a country.

6. Equipoise, or an equal state of power between nations; as the 'balance of power.'

7. Equipoise, or an equal state of the passions.

The balance of the mind.

8. That which renders weight or authority equal.

The only balance attempted against the ancient kings, was a body of nobles.

9. The part of a clock or watch which regulates the beats.

10. In astronomy, a sign in the zodiac, called in Latin Libra, which the sun enters at the equinox in September.

The hydrostatic balance is an instrument to determine the specific gravity of fluid and solid bodies.

The assay balance is one which is used in docimastic operations, to determine the weight of minute bodies.

BAL'ANCE, verb transitive To adjust the weights in the scales of a balance so as to bring them to an equipoise. Hence,

2. To weigh reasons; to compare, by estimating the relative force, importance, or value of different things; as, to balance good and evil.

3. To regulate different powers, so as to keep them in a state of just proportion; as, to balance Europe, or the powers of Europe.

4. To counterpoise; to make of equal weight or force; to make equipollent; as, one species of attraction balances another.

One expression in the letter check and balance another.

5. To settle and adjust, as an account; to find the difference of two accounts, and to pay the balance or difference, and make them equal.

6. In seamanship, to contract a sail, by rolling up a small part of it at one corner.

BAL'ANCE, verb intransitive To have on each side equal weight; to be on a poise.

2. To hesitate; to fluctuate between motives which appear of equal force, as a balance plays when poised by equal weights.

Between right and wrong, never balance a moment.

BAL'ANCED, participle passive Charged with equal weights; standing on an equipoise, regulated so as to be equal; settled; adjusted; made equal in weight or amount.

BAL'ANCE FISH, noun The zygaena, or marteau; a fish of the genus squalus, or shark kind. It is 6 feet long, and weighs 500 lbs. It has three or four rows of broad pointed and serrated teeth; has a horrible aspect, and is very voracious.

BAL'ANCER, noun The person who weighs, or who uses a balance.

2. A member of an insect useful in balancing the body.

3. One skilled in balancing.

BAL'ANCING, participle present tense Charging with equal weights; being in a state of equipoise; bringing to a state of equality; regulating respective forces or sums to make them equal; settling; adjusting; paying a difference of accounts; hesitating; contracting a sail by rolling up one corner of it.

BAL'ANCING, noun Equilibrium; poise.

BAL'ANITE, noun A fossil shell of the genus Balanus.

BAL'AS, noun A variety of spinel ruby, of a pale rose red, or inclining to orange. Its crystals are usually octahedrons, composed of two four-sided pyramids, applied base to base. [See Spinel.]

BAL'ASS

BAL'CONY, noun In architecture, a frame of wood, iron or stone, in front of a house or other building, supported by columns, pillars or consoles and encompassed with a balustrade. Balconies are common before windows.

BAL'CONY, n. In architecture, a frame of wood, iron or stone, in front of a house or other building, supported by columns, pillars or consoles and encompassed with a balustrade. Balconies are common before windows.

BALD, adjective bauld.

1. Destitute of hair, especially on the top and back of the head.

2. Destitute of the natural covering; as a bald oak.

3. Without feathers on the head; as a bald vulture.

4. Destitute of trees on the top; as a bald mountain.

5. Unadorned; inelegant; as a bald translation.

6. Mean; naked; base; without dignity or value.

7. In popular language, open, bold, audacious.

8. Without beard or awn; as bald wheat.

BALD'AQUIN, n. In architecture, a building in form of a canopy, supported by columns, and often used as a covering to insulated altars; sometimes used for a shell over a door.

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BALD'ERDASH, noun Mean, senseless prate; a jargon of words; ribaldry; anything jumbled together without judgment.

BALD'ERDASH, verb transitive To mix or adulterate liquors.

BALDL'LY, adverb Nakedly; meanly; inelegantly; openly.

BALD'NESS, noun Want of hair on the top and back of the head; loss of hair; meanness or inelegance of writing; want of ornament.

BALD'PATE, noun A pate without hair.

BALD'PATED, adjective Destitute of hair; shorn of hair.

BALD'RICK, noun [Latin balleus, a belt, and rick, rich. See these words.]

1. A girdle, or richly ornamented belt; a war girdle.

A radiant baldrick o'er his shoulders tied.

2. The zodiac.

BALE, noun [Heb. to bind, to pledge, and its derivative.]

1. A bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for carriage or transportation.

2. Formerly, a pair of dice

BALE, verb transitive To make up in a bale

BALE, noun [Heb. to grieve or mourn, to be desolate, or to destroy.]

Misery; calamity.

BALEAR'IC, adjective [Gr. to throw, because the inhabitants were good slingers.]

Pertaining to the isles of Majorca and Minorca, in the Mediterranean sea.

BA'LEFUL, adjective [See Bale.] Woeful; sad; sorrowful; full of grief; producing misery; as, a baleful smart; baleful eyes.

2. Mischievous; destructive; pernicious; calamitous; deadly; as, baleful enemies; baleful war.

BA'LEFULLY, adverb Sorrowfully; perniciously; in a calamitous manner.

BALIS'TER, noun [Latin balista, from Gr.to throw.] A cross bow.

BALIZE, noun A sea-mark; a pole raised on a bank.

BALK, noun bauk.

1. A ridge of land, left unplowed, between furrows, or at the end of a field.

2. A great beam, or rafter.

3. Any thing left untouched, like a ridge in plowing.

4. A frustration; disappointment.

BALK, verb transitive bauk. To disappoint; to frustrate.

2. To leave untouched; to miss or omit.

3. To pile, as in a heap or ridge.

4. To turn aside; to talk beside one's meaning.

5. To plow, leaving balks.

BALK'ED, participle passive Plowed in ridges between furrows, as in American husbandry.

2. Frustrated; disappointed.

BALK'ER, noun One who balks. In fishery, balkers are persons who stand on rocks and eminences to espy the sholes of herring, and to give notice to the men in boats, which way they pass.

BALK'ING, participle present tense Plowing in ridges; frustrating.

BALL, noun [Latin pila; A ball may signify a mass from collecting, or it may be that which is driven, from the root of Latin pello; probably the former.]

1. A round body; a spherical substance, whether natural or artificial; or a body nearly round; as, a ball for play; a ball of thread; a ball of snow.

2. A bullet; a ball of iron or lead for cannon, muskets, etc.

3. A printer's ball consisting of hair or wool, covered with leather or skin, and fastened to a stock, called a ball-stock, and used to put ink on the types in the forms.

4. The globe or earth, from its figure.

5. A globe borne as an ensign of authority; as, to hold the ball of a kingdom.

6. Any part of the body that is round or protuberant; as, the eye ball; the ball of the thumb or foot.

7. The weight at the bottom of a pendulum.

8. Among the Cornish miners in England, a tin mine.

9. In pyrotechnics, a composition of combustible ingredients, which serve to burn, smoke or give light.

BALL-stock, among printers, a stock somewhat hollow at one end, to which balls of skin, stuffed with wool, are fastened, and which serves as a handle.

BALL-vein, among miners, a sort of iron ore, found in loose masses, of a circular form, containing sparkling particles.

BALL and socket, an instrument used in surveying and astronomy, made of brass, with a perpetual screw, to move horizontally, obliquely, or vertically.

Puff-ball, in botany, the Lycoperdon, a genus of fungeses.

Fire-ball, a meteor; a luminous globe darting through the atmosphere; also, a bag of canvas filled with gunpowder, sulphur, pitch, saltpeter, etc., to be thrown by the hand, or from mortars, to set fire to houses.

BALL, noun [Gr.to toss or throw; to leap.] An entertainment of dancing; originally and peculiarly, at the invitation and expense of an individual; but the word is used in America, for a dance at the expense of the attendants.

BALL, verb intransitive To form into a ball as snow on horses' hoofs, or on the feet. We say the horse balls, or the snow balls.

BAL'LAD, noun A song; originally, a solemn song of praise; but now a meaner kind of popular song.

BAL'LAD, verb intransitive To make or sing ballads.

BAL'LADER, noun A writer of ballads.

BAL'LADRY, noun The subject or style of ballads.

BAL'LARAG, verb transitive To bully; to threaten. [Not in use.]

BAL'LAST, noun

1. Heavy matter, as stone, sand or iron, laid on the bottom of a ship or other vessel, to sink it in the water, to such a depth, as to enable it to carry sufficient sail, without oversetting.

Shingle ballast is ballast of coarse gravel.

2. Figuratively, that which is used to make a thing steady.

BAL'LAST, verb transitive To place heavy substances on the bottom of a ship or vessel, to keep it from oversetting.

2. To keep any thing steady, by counterbalancing its force.

BAL'LASTED, participle passive Furnished with ballast; kept steady by a counterpoising force.

BAL'LASTING, participle present tense Furnishing with ballast; keeping steady.

BAL'LASTING, noun Ballast; that which is used for ballast.

BAL'LATED, adjective Sung in a ballad. [Little used.]

BALLATOON', noun A heavy luggage boat employed on the rivers about the Caspian Lake.

BAL'LATRY, noun A song; a jig.

BALLAUS'TINE, noun The wild pomegranate tree.

BAL'LET, noun

1. A kind of dance; an interlude; a comic dance, consisting of a series of several airs, with different movements, representing some subject or action.

2. A kind of dramatic poem, representing some fabulous action or subject, in which several persons appear and recite things, under the name of some deity or personage.

In heraldry, ballets or balls, a bearing in coats of arms, denominated according to their color, bezants, plates, hurts, etc.

BAL'LIAGE, or more correctly bailage. noun

A small duty paid to the city of London by aliens, and even by denizens, for certain commodities exported by them.

BALLIARDS. [See Billiards.]

BALLISTER. [See Baluster.]

BALLIS'TIC, adjective [Latin balista, an engine to throw stones, or shoot darts, from Gr.to throw or shoot.] Pertaining to the balista, or to the art of shooting darts, and other missive weapons, by means of an engine.

BALLIS'TICS, noun The science or art of throwing missive weapons, by the use of an engine. The balista was a machine resembling a cross-bow.

BAL'LOEN, noun A state barge of Siam, made of a single piece of timber, very long, and managed with oars.

BALLOON', noun

1. In general, any spherical hollow body.

2. In chimistry, a round vessel with a short neck, to receive whatever is distilled; a glass receiver of a spherical form.

3. In architecture, a ball or globe, on the top of a pillar.

4. In fireworks, a ball of pasteboard, or kind of bomb, stuffed with combustibles, to be played off, when fired, either in the air, or in water, which, bursting like a bomb, exhibits sparks of fire like stars.

5. A game, somewhat resembling tennis, played in an open field, with a large ball of leather, inflated with wind.

6. A bag or hollow vessel, made of silk or other light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so as to rise and float in the atmosphere, called for distinction, an air-balloon.

7. In France, a quantity of paper, containing 24 reams. [See Bale.]

8. In France, balloon ballon or ballot, a quantity of glass plates; of white glass, 25 bundles of six plates each; of colored glass, 12 1-2 bundles of three plates each.

BALLOON'

BAL'LOT, noun

1. A ball used in voting. Ballots are of different colors; those of one color give an affirmative; those of another, a (p.21) negative. They are privately put into a box or urn.

2. A ticket or written vote, being given in lieu of a ballot is now called by the same name.

3. The act of voting by balls or tickets.

BAL'LOT, verb intransitive To vote by ballot that is, by putting little balls of different colors into a box, the greater number of one color or the other determining the result.

2. To vote by written papers or tickets.

BAL'LOTADE

BALLOTA'TION, noun A voting by ballot. [Little used.]

B'ALM, noun bam.

1. The sap or juice of trees or shrubs remarkable odoriferous or aromatic.

2. Any fragrant or valuable ointment.

3. Anything which heals, or which soothes or mitigates pain.

4. In botany, the name of several plants, particularly of the genus Melissa. They are aromatic and used as corroborants.

Balm of Gilead. A plant of the genus Amyris. Its leaves yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent; and from this plant is obtained the balm of Gilead of the shops, or balsam of Mecca or of Syria. It has a yellowish or greenish color, a warm bitterish aromatic taste, and an acidulous fragrant smell. It is valued as an odoriferous unguent, and cosmetic, by the Turks, who possess the country of its growth, and hence it is adulterated for market.

B'ALM, verb transitive To anoint with balm or with any thing medicinal.

2. To soothe; to mitigate; to assuage.

B'ALMY, adjective Having the qualities of balm; aromatic.

2. Producing balm; as the balmy tree.

3. Soothing; soft; mild; as balmy slumbers.

4. Fragrant; odoriferous; as balmy wings.

5. Mitigating; easing; assuaging; as balmy breath.

BAL'NEAL, adjective [Latin balneum.] Pertaining to a bath.

BAL'NEARY, noun [Latin balnearium, from balneum.]

A bathing room.

BALNEA'TION, noun The act of bathing.

BAL'NEATORY, adjective Belonging to a bath or stove.

BAL'OTADE, noun In the menage, a leap of pillars, or upon a strait line, so that when his fore feet are in the air, he shrews nothing but the shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out. In a capriole, the horse yerks out his hind legs.

BAL'SAM, noun [Latin balsamum.] An oily, aromatic, resinous substance, flowing spontaneously or by incision, from certain plants. A (p.22)

great variety of substances pass under this denomination. But in modern chimistry, the term is confined to such vegetable juices, as are liquid or spontaneously become concrete, and consist of a resinous substance, combined with benzoic acid, or capable of affording it by decoction or sublimation. The balsams are either liquid or solid; of the former, are the balm of Gilead and the balsams of copaiba, Peru and tolu; of the latter, benzoin, dragon's blood, and storax.

Balsam apple, an annual Indian plant; included under the genus Momordica. A water and a subtil oil are obtained from it, which are commended as deobstruents.

Balsam tree. This name is given to a genus of plants called Clusia; to another, called Copaifera, which produces the balsam of Copaiba; and to a third, called Pistacia, turpentine tree or mastich tree.

Balsam of Sulphur is a solution of sulphur in oil

Balsam of Tolu is the produce of the Toluifera, or Tolu tree, of South America. It is of a reddish yellow color, transparent, thick and tenacious, but growing hard and brittle by age. It is very fragrant, and like the balsam of Peru, is a stimulant, and used as a pectoral.

Balsam of Peru, the produce of a tree in Peru, possessing strong stimulant qualities.

BALSAMA'TION, noun The act of rendering balsamic.

BALSAM'IC

BAL'SAMINE, noun touch-me-not, or Impatiens, a genus of plants.

BAL'SAMINE, n. touch-me-not, or Impatiens, a genus of plants.

BALT'IC, noun [From balte, belt, from certain straits or channels, surrounding its isles, called belts. See Belt.]

The sea which separates Norway and Sweden from Jutland, Holstein and Germany.

BALT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the sea of that name; situated on the baltic sea.

Each baltic state to join the righteous cause.

BAL'USTER, noun [Latin palus; Eng.pole, pale. This is corrupted into bannister, which I have rejected.]

A small column or pilaster, of various forms and dimension, often adorned with moldings, used for balustrades.

BAL'USTERED, adjective Having balusters.

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BAL'USTRADE, noun A row of balusters, joined by a rail, serving as a fence or inclosure, for altars, balconies, stair-cases, terraces. tops of buildings, etc.

BAM or BEAM, as an initial syllable in names of places, signifies wood; implying that the place took its name from a grove, or forest.

BAM'BOO, noun A plant of the reed kind, or genus Arundo, growing in the East Indies, and in some other warm climates, and sometimes attaining to the height of 60 feet. From the main root, which is long, thick and jointed, spring several round, jointed stalks, which at 10 or 12 feet from the ground, send out from their joints several stalks which are united at their base. These are armed, at their joints, with one or two sharp rigid spines, and furnished with oblong, oval leaves, eight or nine inches long, on short footstalks. The flowers grow in large panicles, from the joints of the stalk, placed three in a parcel, close to their receptacles. Old stalks grow to five or six inches in diameter, and are so hard and durable, as to be used for building and for all sorts of furniture, for water pipes, and for poles to support palanquins. The smaller stalks are used for walking sticks, flutes, etc.

BAMBOO'ZLE, verb transitive To confound; to deceiving; to play low tricks. [ A low word.]

BAMBOO'ZLER, noun A cheat; one who plays low tricks.

BAN, noun

1. A public proclamation or edict; a public order or notice, mandatory or prohibitory.

In a more particular sense,

2. Notice of a marriage proposed, or of a matrimonial contract, proclaimed in a church, that any person may object, if he knows of any kindred between the parties, of any precontract or other just cause, why the marriage should not take place.

3. An edict of interdiction or proscription. Hence to put a prince under the ban of the empire, is to divest him of his dignities, and to interdict all intercourse and all offices of humanity with the offender. Sometimes whole cities have been put under the ban that is, deprived of their rights and privileges.

4. Interdiction; prohibition.

5. Curse; excommunication; anathema.

6. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban

7. A mulct paid to the bishop by one guilty of sacrilege and other crimes.

8. In military affairs, a proclamation by beat of drum, requiring a strict observance of discipline, either for declaring a new officer, or for punishing an offender.

9. In commerce, a smooth fine muslin, imported from the E.Indies.

BAN, verb transitive To curse; to execrate.

BAN, verb intransitive To curse.

BAN'ANA, noun A species of the genus Musa, or plantain tree, and its fruit. It rises 15 or 20 feet high, with a soft stalk, marked with dark purple stripes and spots, with leaves six feet long, and a foot broad. The flowers grow in bunches, covered with a sheath of a fine purple color.

The fruit is four or five inches long, and an inch or more in diameter; the pulp soft and of a luscious taste. When ripe, it is eaten raw, or fried in slices. Bananas grow in large bunches weighing a dozen pounds or more. This tree is the native of tropical countries, and on many isles, constitutes an important article of food.

BAND, noun [See Bind and Bend.]

1. A fillet; a cord; a tie; a chain; any narrow ligament with which a thing is bound, tied or fastened, or by which a number of things are confined together.

2. In architecture, any flat low member of molding, broad but not deep, called also fascia, face or plinth.

3. Figuratively, any chain; any means of restraint; that which draws or confines.

4. Means of union or connection between persons; as, Hymen's bands.

5. Any thing bound round or encircling another.

6. Something worn about the neck; as the bands of clergymen.

7. A company of soldiers; the body of men united under one flag or ensign. Also, indefinitely, a troop, a body of armed men.

2 Kings 6:23.

8. A company of persons united in any common design; as a band of brothers.

9. A slip of canvas, sewed across a sail to strengthen it.

The band of pensioners in England, is a company of 120 gentlemen, who receive a yearly allowance of f100st., for attending the king on solemn occasions.

The bands of a saddle are two pieces of iron nailed upon the bows, to hold them in their proper situation.

BAND, verb transitive To bind together; to bind over with a band

2. To unite in a troop, company or confederacy.

BAND, verb intransitive To unite; to associate; to confederate for some common purpose. Acts 23:12.

BAND'AGE, noun A fillet, roller, or swath, used in dressing and binding up wounds, restraining hemorrhages, and joining fractured and dislocated bones. Sometimes, the act or practice of applying bandages.

2. Something resembling a bandage; that which is bound over another

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BANDAN'A, noun A species of silk handkerchief.

BAND'BOX, noun A slight paper box for bands, caps, bonnets, muffs, or other light articles.

BAND'ED, participle passive Bound with a band; united in a band.

BAND'ELET, noun Any little band or flat molding, as that which

crowns the Doric architrave.

BAND'ER, noun One that bands or associates with others.

BAND'ERET, noun [from band.] In Swisserland, a general in chief of military forces.

BAN'DIAN, noun The seed of a tree in China, which smells like anise seeds; used by the Chinese and Dutch to give their tea an aromatic taste.

BAND'IED, participle passive Beat or tossed to and fro; agitated; controverted without ceremony.

BAND'ING, participle present tense Binding with a band; uniting in a band or company.

BAN'DIT, noun plural BAN'DITS or BANDIT'TI, An outlaw; also in a general sense, a robber; a highwayman; a lawless or desperate fellow.

BAN'DLE, noun An Irish measure of two feet in length.

BAND'LET

BAN'DOG, n, A large species of dog.

BAN'DOG, n, A large species of dog.

BANDOLEE'RS, noun A large leathern belt, thrown over the right shoulder, and hanging under the left arm; worn by ancient musketeers for sustaining their fire arms, and their musket charges, which being put into little wooden cases, and coated with leather, were hung, to the number of twelve, to each bandoleer.

BAN'DON, noun Disposal; license. [Not in use.]

BAN'DORE, noun A musical stringed instrument, like a lute.

BAND'ROL, noun

1. A little flag or streamer, in form of a guidon, used to be hung on the masts of vessels.

2. The little fringed silk flag that hangs on a trumpet.

BAND'STRING, noun A string appendant to a band.

BAND'Y, noun [Latin pando.] A club for striking a ball at play.

BAND'Y, verb transitive To beat to and fro, as a ball in play.

2. To exchange; to give and receive reciprocally; as, to bandy looks.

3. To agitate; to toss about, as from man to man.

Let not known truth be bandied in disputation.

BAND'Y, verb intransitive To contend, as at some game, in which strives to drive the ball his own way.

BAND'YING, participle present tense Beating, impelling or tossing from one to another; agitating in controversy without ceremony.

BAND'Y-LEG, noun [bandy and leg. See Bend.]

A crooked leg; a leg bending inward or outward.

BANE, noun [Gr. is to kill; in Latin venenum is poison.]

Poison of a deadly quality; hence, any fatal cause of mischief, injury or destruction; as, vice is the bane of society.

BANE, verb transitive To poison.

BA'NEBERRY, noun A name of the herb christopher, actaea, or aconitum racemosum.

BA'NEFUL, adjective Poisonous; pernicious; destructive.

BA'NEFULLY, adverb Perniciously; destructively.

BA'NEFULNESS, noun Poisonousness; destructiveness.

BA'NE WORT, noun [See Wort.] A plant, called also deadly nightshade.

BANG, verb transitive

1. To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to thump; to cudgel. [A low word.]

2. To beat or handle roughly; to treat with violence.

BANG, noun A blow with a club; a heavy blow.

BAN'GLE, verb transitive To waste by little and little; to squander carelessly.

BAN'IAN, noun A man's undress or morning gown, as worn by the Banians in the E. Indies.

2. A Gentoo servant, employed as an agent in commerce.

3. A tree in India.

Banian days, in seamen's language, are three days in a week, in which the sailors have no flesh meat served out to them. This use of the term seems to be borrowed from the Banians in Asia, who, believing in a metempsychosis, will eat no flesh, nor even kill noxious animals.

BAN'ISH, verb transitive

1. To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by authority of the prince or government, either for life or for a limited time. It is common for Russians to be banished to Siberia.

2. To drive away; to compel to depart; as, to banish sorrow.

3. To quit one's country voluntarily, and with a view to reside abroad; as, he banished himself.

BAN'ISHED, participle passive Compelled to leave one's country; driven away.

BAN'ISHER, noun One who compels another to quit his country.

BAN'ISHING, participle present tense Compelling to quit one's country; driving away.

BAN'ISHMENT, noun The act of a prince or government, compelling a citizen to leave his country, either for a limited time or forever, as for some crime.

2. A voluntary forsaking of one's country upon oath, called abjuration. [This practice has now ceased in G.Britain.]

3. The state of being banished; exile.

4. The act of driving away or dispelling; as the banishment of care from the mind.

BANK, noun [Bank and bench are radically the same word. The sense is, that which is set, laid or extended. Applied to a mass of earth, it is a collection, that which is thrown or laid together.]

1. A mound, pile or ridge of earth, raised above the surrounding plain, either as a defense or for other purposes. 2 Samuel 20:15.

2. Any steep acclivity, whether rising from a river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side of a ravine, or the steep side of a hillock on a plain. When we speak of the earth in general adjoining a lake or the sea, we use the word shore; but a particular steep acclivity on the side of a lake, river or the sea, is called a bank

3. A bench, or a bench of rowers, in a galley; so called from their seat.

Placed on their banks, the lusty Trojans sweep.

4. By analogy, a collection or stock of money, deposited, by a number of persons, for a particular use; that is, an aggregate of particulars, or a fund; as, to establish a bank that is a joint fund.

5. The place where a collection of money is deposited; a common repository of the money of individuals or of companies; also a house used for a bank

6. A company of persons concerned in a bank whether a private association, or an incorporated company; the stockholders of a bank or their representatives, the directors, acting in their corporate capacity.

7. An elevation, or rising ground, in the sea; called also flats, shoals, shelves or shallows. These may rise to the surface of the water or near to it; but the word bank signifies also elevated ground at the bottom of the sea, when many fathoms below the surface, as the banks of Newfoundland.

BANK, verb transitive To raise a mound or dyke; to inclose, defend or fortify with a bank; as, to bank a house.

2. To pass by the banks of.

As I have bank'd their towns. [Not in use.]

3. To lay up or deposit money in a bank (Little used.]

BANK'ABLE, adjective Receivable at a bank, as bills; or discountable, as notes. [Of recent origin.]

BANK'ED, participle passive Raised in a ridge or mound of earth; inclosed, or fortified with a bank.

BANK'ER, noun One who keeps a bank; one who trafficks in money, receives and remits money, negotiates bills of exchange, etc.

2. A vessel employed in the codfishery on the banks of Newfoundland.

BANK'ING, participle present tense Raising a mound or bank; inclosing with a bank. When we speak of restraining water, we usually call it banking; when we speak of defending the land, we call it imbanking.

BANK'ING, noun The business or employment of a banker; the business of establishing a common fund for lending money, discounting notes, issuing bills, receiving deposits, collecting the money on notes deposited, negotiating bills of exchange, etc.

BANK'RUPT, noun [Eng.rout, defeat. This

may signify bench-broken, or bank-broken; most probably the latter, referring to the fund or stock. The last syllable is the Latin ruptus contracted; Norm.roupt, rous, broken.]

1. A trader who secretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud his creditors.

2. In a less technical sense, a trader who fails or becomes unable to pay his just debts; an insolvent trader. In strictness, no person but a trader can be a bankrupt Bankruptcy is applied to merchants and traders; insolvency, to other persons.

BANK'RUPT, adjective Having committed acts of bankruptcy; unable to pay just debts; insolvent.

BANK'RUPT, verb transitive To break one in trade; to make insolvent.

BANK'RUPTCY, noun The state of being a bankrupt, or insolvent; inability to pay all debts.

2. The act of becoming a bankrupt; the act of rendering one's self a bankrupt, as by absconding, or otherwise; failure in trade.

BANK'RUPTED, participle passive Rendered insolvent.

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BANK'RUPTING, participle present tense Breaking in trade; rendering insolvent.

BAN'NER, noun [Latin pannus.]

1. A square flag; a military ensign; the principal standard of a prince or state.

2. A streamer borne at the end of a lance or elsewhere.

3. In botany, the upper petal of a papilionaceous corol.

BAN'NERED, adjective Furnished with or bearing banners.

Shield the strong foes, and rake the bannered shore.

BAN'NERET, noun A knight made in the field. Bannerets formerly constituted an order of knights or feudal lords, who led their vassals to battle under their own flags. On the day of battle, the candidates presented their flags to the king or general, who cut off the train or skirt, and made it square. They were then called knights of the square flag. They were a middle order between barons and simple knights.

BAN'NEROL, [See Bandrol.]

BAN'NOCK, noun A cake made of oatmeal or peas-meal, baked on an iron plate over the fire; used in Scotland, and the northern counties of England.

BAN'OY, noun A species of hawk, somewhat larger than the English sparrow hawk; the back and wings yellow, and the belly white; a native of the Philippine isles.

BAN'QUET, noun A feast; a rich entertainment of meat and drink. Esther 5:4. Job xli. Amos 6:7.

BAN'QUET, verb transitive To treat with a feast, or rich entertainment.

BAN'QUET, verb intransitive To feast; to regale one's self with good eating and drinking.

BAN'QUETED, participle passive Feasted; richly entertained at the table.

BAN'QUETER, noun A feaster; one who lives deliciously.

2. One who makes feasts, or rich entertainments.

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BAN'QUETING, participle present tense Feasting; entertaining with rich fare.

2. Partaking of rich fare.

BAN'QUETING, noun A feast; luxurious living; rich entertainment. lPet.iv.

BANQUETTE or BANQUET, noun banket. In fortification, a little raised way or foot bank, running along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the enemy in the moat or covered way.

BAN'SHEE or BEN'SHI, noun An Irish fairy.

BAN'STICKLE, noun A small fish, called also stickle-back. This fish falls under the genus Gasterosteus.

BAN'TER, verb transitive [Gr. to mock, or deride.] To play upon in words and in good humor; to rally; to joke, or jest with. banter hardly amounts to ridicule, much less to derision. It consists in being pleasant and witty with the actions of another, and raising a humorous laugh at his expense, often attended with some degree of sarcasm.

BAN'TER, noun A joking or jesting; raillery; wit or humor; pleasantry.

BAN'TERED, participle passive Rallied; laughed at in good humor.

BAN'TERER, noun One who banters, or laughs at with pleasantry.

BAN'TERING, participle present tense Joking; laughing at with good humor.

BANT'LING, noun A young child; an infant.

BAP'TISM, noun [Gr. to baptize.]

1. The application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. This is usually performed by sprinkling or immersion.

2. The sufferings of Christ. Matt.xx22.23.

3. So much of the gospel as was preached by John, the Baptist. Acts 18:25.

BAPTIS'MAL, adjective Pertaining to baptist; as a baptismal vow.

BAP'TIST, noun One who administers baptism. This appellation is appropriately given to John, the forerunner of Christ.

2. As a contraction of Anabaptist, one who denies the doctrine of infant baptism, and maintains that baptism ought to be administered only to adults by immersing the body in water.

BAP'TISTERY, noun [Latin baptisterium.] A place where the sacrament of baptism is administered. Primitively, baptisteries were in buildings separate from the church; but in the sixth century, they were taken into the church-porch, and afterwards into the church itself.

BAPTIS'TIC

BAPTIS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to baptism.

BAPTIS'TICAL, a. Pertaining to baptism.

BAPTI'ZE, verb transitive [See Baptism.] To administer the sacrament of baptism to; to christen. By some denominations of christians, baptism is performed by plunging, or immersing the whole body in water, and this is done to none but adults. More generally the ceremony is performed by sprinkling water on the face of a person, whether an infant or an adult, and in the case of an infant, by giving him a name, in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, which is called Christening.

BAPTI'ZED, participle passive Having received baptism; christened.

BAPTI'ZER, noun One who christens, or administers baptism.

BAPTI'ZING, participle present tense Administering baptism to; christening.

B'AR, noun [If these words are the Eng.bar, the sense is a shoot, that which shoots, passes or is driven.]

1. A piece of wood, iron or other solid matte, long in proportion to its diameter, used for various purposes, but especially for a hindrance or obstruction; as the bars of a fence or gate; the bar of a door or hatchway. Exodus 26:28, Exodus 36:33

2. Any obstacle which obstructs, hinders or defends; an obstruction; a fortification. Amos 1:5.

Must I new bars to my own joy create.

3. The shore of the sea, which restrains its waters. Job 38:10.

4. The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice. Hence the phrase, at the bar of the court, signifies in open court. Hence also licensed lawyers are called barristers; and hence the whole body of lawyers licensed in a court, are customarily called the bar A trial at bar in England, is a trial in the courts of Westminster, opposed to a trial at Nisi Prius, in the circuits.

5. Figuratively, any tribunal; as the bar of public opinion. Thus the final trial of men is called the bar of God.

6. The inclosed place of a tavern, inn or coffee house, where the landlord or his servant delivers out liquors, and waits upon customers.

7. A bank of sand, gravel or earth, forming a shoal at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing entrance, or rendering it difficult.

8. A rock in the sea, according to Brown; or any thing by which structure is held together, according to Johnson; used in Jonah 2:6.

9. Any thing laid across another, as bars in heraldlry, stripes in color, and the like.

10. In the menage, the highest part of the place in a horse's mouth between the grinders and tusks, so that the part of the mouth which lies under and at the side of the bars, retains the name of the gum. The upper part of the gums, which bears no teeth, and to which the bit is applied.

11. In music, bars are lines drawn perpendicularly across the lines of the staff, including between each two, a certain quantity of time, or number of beats.

12. In law, a peremptory exception sufficient to destroy the plaintiff's action. It is divided into a bar to common intendment, and bar special; bar temporary and bar perpetual. bar to common intendment is an ordinary or general bar which disables the declaration of the plaintiff. A special bar is more than ordinary, as a fine, release, or justification. A temporary bar is that which is good for a time, but may afterwards cease. A perpetual bar overthrows the action of the plaintiff forever.

13. A bar of gold or silver, is an ingot, lump or wedge, from the mines, run in a mold, and unwrought. A bar of iron is a long piece, wrought in the forge and hammered from a pig.

14. Among printers, the iron with a wooden handle, by which the screw of the press is turned.

15. In the African trade, a denomination of price; payment formerly being made to the Africans in iron bars.

B'AR, verb transitive To fasten with a bar; as, to bar a door, or gate.

2. To hinder; to obstruct, or prevent; as, to bar the entrance of evil.

3. To prevent; to exclude; to hinder; to make impracticable; as, the distance between us bars our intercourse. In this sense, the phrase is often varied, thus; the distance bars me from his aid, or bars him from my aid.

4. To prohibit; to restrain or exclude by express or implied prohibition; as, the statute bars my right; the law bars the use of poisoned weapons.

5. To obstruct, prevent or hinder by any moral obstacle; as, the right is barred by time, or by statute; a release bars the plaintiff's recovery.

6. To except; to exclude by exception; as, I bar to night.

7. To cross with stripes of a different color.

8. To bar a vein, in farriery, is an operation upon the legs of a horse, or other parts, to stop malignant humors. This is done by opening the skin above a vein, disengaging it and tying it both above and below, and striking between the two ligatures.

9. To adorn with trappings; a contraction of barb. [See Barb.]

B'ARB, noun [Latin barba; This is beard, with a different ending. The sense may be, that which shoots out.]

1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it; as the barb of a fish, the smaller claws of the polypus, etc.

2. The down, or pubes, covering the surface of some plants; or rather, a tuft or bunch of strong hairs terminating leaves.

3. Anciently, armor for horses; formerly, barbe or barde.

4. A common name of the barbary pigeon, a bird of a black or dun color.

5. A horse from Barbary, of which it seems to be a contraction.

6. The points that stand backward in an arrow, fish-hook or other instrument for piercing, intended to prevent its being extracted.

7. In botany, a straight process armed with teeth pointing backward like the sting of a bee. This is one sort of pubescence.

BARBA'RIAN, noun [Latin barbarus; . The sense is, foreign, wild, fierce.]

1. A man in his rude, savage state; an uncivilized person.

2. A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of pity or humanity.

3. A foreigner. The Greeks and Romans denominated most foreign nations barbarians; and many of these were less civilized than themselves, or unacquainted with their language, laws and manners. But with them, the word was less reproachful than with us.

BARBA'RIAN, adjective Belonging to savages; rude; uncivilized.

2. Cruel; inhuman.

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BARBAR'IC, adjective [Latin barbaricus. See Barbarian. The Romans applied this word to designate things foreign; Barbaricum aurum, gold from Asia, Virg. AEn.2.504; Barbaricoe vestes, embroidered garments from foreign nations. English writers use the word in a like sense.]

Foreign; imported from foreign nations.

BARBAR'ITY, noun [See Barbarian.] The manners of a barbarian; savageness; cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity.

2. Barbarism; impurity of speech. [The use of the word in this sense, is now superseded by barbarism.]

B'ARBARIZE, verb transitive To make barbarous.

Hideous changes have barbarized France.

B'ARBAROUS, adjective Uncivilized; savage; unlettered; untutored; ignorant; unacquainted with arts; stranger to civility of manners.

Thou are a roman; be not barbarous

2. Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; as barbarous

B'ARBAROUSLY, adverb In the manner of a barbarian; ignorantly; without knowledge or arts; contrary to the rules of speech.

2. In a savage, cruel, ferocious or inhuman manner.

B'ARBAROUSNESS, noun Rudeness or incivility of manners.

2. Impurity of language.

3. Cruelty; inhumanity; barbarity.

B'ARBARY, noun A barbary horse; a barb.

B'ARBASTEL, noun A bat with hairy lips.

B'ARBATE

B'ARBATED, adjective [Latin barbatus, from barba. See Barb.]

In botany, bearded; also gaping or ringent. Barbatus flos, a gaping or ringent flower; synonymous with the ringent flower of Linne, and the labiate of Tournefort.

B'ARBE. In the military art, to fire in barbe is to fire the cannon over the parapet, instead of firing through the embrasures.

B'ARBECUE, noun In the West Indies, a hog roasted whole. It is, with us, used for an ox or perhaps any other animal dressed in like manner.

B'ARBECUE, verb transitive To dress and roast a hog whole, which is done by splitting the hog to the back bone, and roasting it on a gridiron; to roast any animal whole.

B'ARBED, participle passive [See Barb.]

1. Furnished with armor; as barbed steeds.

2. Bearded; jagged with hooks or points; as barbed arrows.

3. Shaved or trimmed; having the beard dressed.

B'ARBEL, noun [Latin barba.]

1. A fish of the genus Cyprinus, of the order of abdominals. The mouth is toothless; the gill has three rays; the body is smooth and white. This fish is about three feet long, and weighs 18 pounds. It is a very coarse fish, living in deep still rivers and rooting like swine in the soft banks. Its dorsal fin is armed with a strong spine, sharply serrated, from which circumstance it probably received its name.

2. A knot of superfluous flesh, growing in the channels of a horse's mouth; written also barble, or barb.

B'ARBER, noun One whose occupation is to shave men, or to shave and dress hair.

B'ARBER, verb transitive To shave and dress hair.

B'ARBERNESS, noun A female barber. [Not used.]

B'ARBERRY, noun [Latin berberis.]

1. A plant of the genus berberis, common in hedges; called in England, pipperidge bush. The berries are used in housewifery, and are deemed efficacious in fluxes and fevers. The bark dyes a fine yellow, especially the bark of the root. This plant is pernicious to wheat, the ears of which will not fill, if within the effluvia of the plant; and the influence of this has been known to extend three or four hundred yards.

B'ARBET, noun A name given by some French writers to a peculiar species of those worms which feed on the puceron or aphis. [See Aphis.]

2. The Bucco, a genus of birds found in the warm climates of both continents.

3. A dog, so called from his long hair.

B'ARD, noun

1. A poet and a singer among the ancient Celts; one whose occupation was to compose and sing verses, in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men. The bards used an instrument of music like a lyre or guitar, and not only praised the brave, but reproached the cowardly.

2. In modern usage, a poet.

B'ARD, noun The trappings of a horse.

B'ARDED, adjective In heraldry, a caparisoned.

BARDES'ANISTS, noun A sect of heretics, who sprung from Bardesanes, of Edessa, in Mesopotamia, in the 2d century, who taught that the actions of men depend on fate, to which God himself is subject. His followers went farther, and denied the incarnation of Christ and the resurrection.

B'ARDIC, adjective Pertaining to bards, or to their poetry.

B'ARDISH, adjective Pertaining to bards; written by a bard.

B'ARDISM, noun The science of bards; the learning and maxims of bards.

BARE, adjective [This word is from opening, separating, stripping.]

1. Naked, without covering; as, the arm is bare; the trees are bare

2. With the head uncovered, from respect.

3. Plain; simple; unadorned; without the polish of refined manners.

4. Laid open to view; detected; no longer concealed.

5. Poor; destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished.

I have made Esau bare Jer.xlix.

6. Alone; unaccompanied.

7. Thread-bare; much worn.

8. Wanting clothes; or ill supplied with garments.

Under bare poles, at sea, signifies having no sail set.

It is often followed by of; as, the country is bare of money.

BARE, verb transitive [See bare adj.]

To strip off the covering; to make naked; as, to bare the breast.

BARE, the old preterit of bear, now bore.

BA'REBONE, noun [See Bone.] A very lean person.

BA'REBONED, adjective Lean, so that the bones appear, or rather so that the bones show their forms.

BA'RED, participle passive Made bare; made naked.

BA'REFACED, participle passive [See Face.]

1. With the face uncovered; not masked.

2. Undisguised; unreserved; without concealment; hence shameless; impudent; audacious; as a barefaced falsehood.

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BA'REFACEDLY, adverb Without disguise or reserve; openly; impudently.

BA'REFACEDNESS, noun Effrontery; assurance; audaciousness.

BA'REFOOT, adjective [See Foot.]

With the feet bare; without shoes and stockings. 2 Samuel 15:30. Isaiah 20:2.

BA'REFOOT, adjective or adverb With the feet bare; as, to dance barefoot

BA'REFOOTED, adjective Having the feet bare.

BA'REGNAWN, adjective [See Gnaw.] Eaten bare.

BA'REHEADED, [See Head.] Having the head uncovered, either from respect or other cause.

BAREHEADEDNESS, noun State of being bareheaded.

BA'RELEGGED, adjective Having the legs bare.

BA'RELY, adverb Nakedly; poorly; indigently; without decoration; merely; only; without any thing more; as a price barely in title.

BA'RENECKED, adjective Having the neck uncovered; exposed.

BA'RENESS, noun Nakedness; leanness; poverty; indigence; defect of clothes, or the usual covering.

BA'REPICKED, adjective Picked to the bone.

BA'RERIBBED, adjective Lean.

B'ARGAIN, noun An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to transfer the right to some property, for a consideration, and the other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the consideration.

2. Stipulation: interested dealing.

3. Purchase or the thing purchased.

4. In popular language, final event; upshot.

We must make the best of a bad bargain

To sell bargains, is a vulgar phrase.

To strike a bargain is to ratify an agreement, originally by striking, or shaking hands. The Latin ferire foedus, may represent a like ceremony, unless it refers to the practice of killing a victim, at the solemn ratification of oaths.

Bargain and sale, in law, a species of conveyance, by which the bargainer contracts to convey the lands to the bargainee, and becomes by such contract a trustee for and seised to the use of the bargainee. The statute then completes the purchase; that is, the

bargain vests the use, and the statute vests the possession.

B'ARGAIN, verb intransitive To make a contract or conclusive agreement, for the transfer of property; often with for before the thing purchased; as, to bargain for a house. A bargained with B for his farm.

B'ARGAIN, verb transitive To sell; to transfer for a consideration; as, A bargained away his farm; a popular use of the word.

BARGAINEE', noun The party in a contract who receives or agrees to receive the property sold.

B'ARGAINER, noun The party in a contract who stipulates to sell and convey property to another.

B'ARGE, noun barj. [Barge, and bark or barque, a ship, are radically one word.]

1. A pleasure boat; a vessel or boat of state, furnished with elegant apartments, canopies and cushions, equipped with a band of rowers, and decorated with flags and streamers; used by officers and magistrates.

2. A flat-bottomed vessel of burthen, for loading and unloading ships.

B'ARGEMAN, noun The man who manages a barge.

B'ARGEMASTER, noun The proprietor of a barge, conveying goods for hire.

B'ARGER, noun The manager of a barge.

BARIL'LA, noun A plant cultivated in Spain for its ashes, from which the purest kind of mineral alkali is obtained; used in making glass and soap, and in bleaching linen. The plant is cut and laid in heaps, and burnt, the salts running into a hole in the ground where they form a vitrified lump.

2. The alkali procured from this plant.

BAR'ITONE, [See Barytone.]

BAR'IUM, noun The metallic basis of baryte or baryta, which is an oxyd of barium

B'ARK, noun [Probably from stripping, separating.]

1. The rind or exterior covering of a tree, corresponding to the skin of an animal. This is composed of the cuticle or epidermis, the outer bark or cortex, and the inner bark or liber. The rough broken matter on bark is, by the common people of New England, called ross.

2. By way of distinction. Peruvian bark

B'ARK, verb transitive To peel; to strip off bark Also to cover or inclose with bark

B'ARK

B'ARKED, participle passive Stripped of the bark; peeled; also covered with bark.

B'ARKER, noun One who barks, or clamors unreasonably; one who strips trees of their bark.

B'ARKING, participle present tense Stripping off bark; making the noise of dogs; clamoring; covering with bark.

B'ARKY, adjective Consisting of bark; containing bark.

B'ARLEY, noun [Latin far; Heb. bar, corn.] A species of valuable grain, used especially for making malt, from which are distilled liquors of extensive use, as beer, ale and porter. It is of the genus hordeum, consisting of several species. Those principally cultivated in England, are the common spring barley the long eared barley the winter or square barley by some called big, and the sprat or battledore barley This grain is used in medicine, as possessing emollient, diluent, and expectorant qualities.

B'ARM, noun [L, fermentum, from ferveo; or beer-rahm, beer cream.]

Yeast; the scum rising upon beer, or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as leaven in bread to make it swell, causing it to be softer, lighter, and more delicate. It may be used in liquors to make them ferment or work.

B'ARMY, adjective Containing barm, or yeast.

B'ARN, noun A covered building for securing grain, hay, flax, and other productions of the earth. In the northern states of America, the farmers generally use barns for stabling their horses and cattle; so that among them, a barn is both a cornhouse or grange, and a stable.

BARN, noun [Eng.born.] A child. [Little used in English.]

B'ARNACLE, noun [Latin perna, a shell-fish.]

1. A shell which is often found on the bottoms of ships, rocks and timber, below the surface of the sea.

2. A species of goose, found in the northern seas, but visiting more southern climates in winter. The forehead and cheeks are white, but the upper part of the body and neck is black. Formerly, a strange notion prevailed, that these birds grew out of wood, or rather out of the barnacles attached to wood in the sea. Hence the name. It is written also Bernacle.

3. In the plural, an instrument consisting of two branches jointed at one end with a hinge, to put upon a horse's nose, to confine him, for shoeing, bleeding, or dressing.

BAR'OLITE, noun [Gr.weight, and a stone.] Carbonate of baryte. Its color is usually a light yellowish gray; sometimes whitish, or with a tinge of green. It is strongly translucent. It usually occurs in small masses, which have a fibrous structure; sometimes in distinct crystals.

This mineral is called also Witherite, from Dr. Withering, the discoverer.

BAROM, 'ETER, noun [Gr.weight, and measure.]

BAROMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining or relating to the barometer; made by a barometer; as barometrical experiments.

BAROMET'RICALLY, adverb By means of a barometer.

BAR'ON, noun [Latin vir, is doubtless the Shemitic, a man, so named from strength.]

1. In Great Britain, a title or degree of nobility; a lord; a peer; one who holds the rank of nobility next below that of a viscount, and above that of a knight or baronet. Originally, the barons, being the feudatories of princes, were the proprietors of land held by honorable service. Hence, in ancient records, the word barons comprehends all the nobility. All such in England had, in early times, a right to sit in parliament. As a baron was the proprietor of a manor, and each manor had its court-baron; hence the barons claimed, and to this day enjoy, the right of judging in the last resort; a right pertaining to the house of lords, or peers, as the representatives of the ancient barons, land-holders, manor-holders.

Anciently, barons were greater, or such as held their lands of the king in capite; or lesser, such as held their lands of the greater barons by military service in capite.

The title of baron is no longer attached to the possession of a manor, but given by the king's letters patent, or writ of summons to parliament; that is, the dignity is personal, and not territorial.

The radical word, vir, fir, a man, is Celtic, as well as Teutonic; but the word baron was not known in the British isles, till introduced from the continent under the Norman princes.

2. baron is a title of certain officers, as barons of the exchequer, who are the four judges who try cases between the king and his subjects, relating to the revenue. Barons of the Cinque Ports are members of the House of Commons, elected by the seven Cinque Ports, two for each port. These ports are Dover, Sandwich, Rommey, Hastings, Hythe, Winchelsea, and Rye.

3. In law, a husband; as baron and feme, husband and wife.

BAR'ONAGE, noun The whole body of barons or peers.

2. The dignity of a baron.

3. The land which gives title to a baron.

BAR'ONESS, noun A baron's wife or lady.

BAR'ONET, noun A dignity or degree of honor, next below a baron, and above a knight; ; having precedency of all knights except those of the garter, and being the only knighthood that is hereditary. The order was founded by James I. in 1611, and is given by patent.

BARO'NIAL, a Pertaining to a baron.

BAR'ONY, noun The lordship, honor, or fee of a baron, whether spiritual or temporal. This lordship is held in chief of the king, and gives title to the possessor, or baron.

BAR'OSCOPE, noun [Gr.weight, and to view.] An instrument to show the weight of the atmosphere; superseded by the Barometer.

BAROS'COP'IC, adjective Pertaining to or determined by the baroscope.

BAROSEL'ENITE, noun [Gr.weight, or heavy, and selenite.]

A mineral; sulphate of baryte; heavy spar.

BARQUE, noun A small ship; but appropriately, a ship which carries three masts without a mizen top sail. The English mariners, in the coal trade, apply this name to a broadsterned ship without a figure-head.

Water-barks, in Holland, are small vessels, for conveying fresh water from place to place, the hold of which is filled with water.

B'ARK, verb intransitive

1. To make the noise of dogs, when they threaten or pursue.

2. To clamor at; to pursue with unreasonable clamor or reproach. It is followed by at.

To bark at sleeping fame.

BAR'RA, noun In Portugal and Spain, a long measure for cloths. In Valencia, 13 barras make 12 6/7 yards English; in Castile, 7 are equal to 6 4/7 yards; in Arragon, 3 make 2 4/7 yards.

BARRACA'DA, noun A fish, about fifteen inches in length, of a dusky color on the back, and a white belly, with small black spots.

BAR'RACAN, noun A thick, strong stuff, something like camelot; used for clokes, surtouts, and other outer garments.

BAR'RACK, noun A hut or house for soldiers, especially in garrison. In Spain, a hut or cabin for fishermen.

BARRACU'DA, noun A species of fish of the pike kind, found in the seas about the Bahamas and W.Indies, of ten feet in length. The color is deep brown, and the fish is very voracious. The flesh is disagreeable and sometimes poisonous.

BAR'RATOR, noun [Latin ferto; Eng.barter. See Barter.]

1. One who frequently excites suits at law; a common mover and maintainer of suits and controversies; an encourager of litigation.

2. The master of a ship, who commits any fraud, in the management of the ship, or in relation to his duties as master, by which the owner or insurers are injured.

BARRATROUS, adjective Tainted with barratry.

BARRATROUSLY, adverb In a barratrous manner.

BAR'RATRY, noun The practice of exciting and encouraging lawsuits and quarrels.

2. In commerce, any species of cheating or fraud, in a shipmaster, by which the owners or insurers are injured; as by running away with the ship, sinking or deserting her, by wilful deviation, or by embezzling the cargo.

BAR'RE, noun Weights used in the E.Indies. The great bahar, for weighing pepper, cloves, nutmegs, etc., is 524 lb.9 oz. avoirdupoise. The little bahar, for weighing quicksilver, vermilion, ivory, silk, etc., is 437 lbs. 9 oz.

B'ARRED, participle passive Fastened with a bar; hindered; restrained; excluded; forbid; striped; checkered.

BAR'REL, noun

1. A vessel or cask, of more length than breadth, round and bulging in the middle, made of staves and heading, and bound with hoops.

2. The quantity which a barrel contains. Of wine measure, the English barrel contains 31 l/2 gallons, of beer measure, 36 gallons; of ale, 32 gallons; and of beer-vinegar, 34 gallons.

Of weight, a barrel of Essex butter is 106 pounds; of Suffolk butter, 256, a barrel of herring should contain 32 gallons wine measure, and hold 1000 herrings; a barrel of salmon should contain 42 gallons; a barrel of soap should weigh 256 lbs.

In America, the contents of a barrel are regulated by statutes.

In Connecticut, the barrel for liquors must contain 31 l/2 gallons, each gallon to contain 231 cubic inches. In New York, a barrel of flour by statute must contain either 196 lb. or 228 lb.net weight. The barrel of beef and pork in New York and Connecticut, is 200 lbs. In general, the contents of barrels, as defined by statute, in this country, must be from 28 to 31 1/2 gallons.

3. Any thing hollow and long, as the barrel of a gun; a tube.

4. A cylinder; as the barrel of a watch, within which the spring is coiled, and round which is wound the chain.

5. A cavity behind the tympanum of the ear is called the barrel of the ear. It is four or five lines deep, and five or six wide, and covered with a fine membrane. It is more usually called the cavity of the tympanum.

BAR'REL, verb transitive To put in a barrel; to pack in a barrel with salt for preservation, as to barrel beef, pork or fish.

BAR'RELED, participle passive

1. Put or packed in a barrel.

2. In composition, having a barrel or tube; as a double-barreled gun.

BAR'RELLING, participle present tense Putting or packing in a barrel.

BAR'REN, adjective [from the same root as bare.]

1. Not producing young, or offspring; applied to animals.

2. Not producing plants; unfruitful; steril; not fertile; or producing little; unproductive; applied to the earth.

3. Not producing the usual fruit; applied to tree, etc.

4. Not copious; scanty; as a scheme barren of hints.

5. Not containing useful or entertaining ideas; as a barren treatise.

6. Unmeaning; uninventive; dull; as barren spectators.

7. Unproductive; not inventive; as a barren mind.

BAR'REN, noun In the States west of the Allegheny, a word used to denote a tract of land, rising a few feet above the level of a plain, and producing trees and grass. The soil of these barrens is not barren as the name imports, but often very fertile. It is usually alluvial, to a depth sometimes of several feet.

2. Any unproductive tract of land; as the pine barrens of South Carolina.

BAR'RENLY, adverb Unfruitfully.

BAR'RENNESS, adverb The quality of not producing its kind; want of the power of conception; applied to animals.

2. Unfruitfulness; sterility, infertility. The quality of not producing at all, or in small quantities; as the barrenness of soil.

3. Want of invention; want of the power of producing any thing new; applied to the mind.

4. Want of matter; scantiness; as the barrenness of a cause.

5. Defect of emotion, sensibility or fervency; as the barrenness of devotion.

BAR'RENWORT, noun [See Wort.] A plant, constituting the genus Epimedium, of which the alpinum is the only species; a low herbaceous plant, with a creeping root, having many stalks, each of which has three flowers.

B'ARRFUL, adjective Full of obstructions.

BARRICA'DE, noun

1. A fortification made in haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or any thing that will obstruct the progress of an enemy, or serve for defense or security, against his shot.

2. Any bar or obstruction; that which defends.

3. In naval architecture, a strong wooden rail, supported by stanchions, extending across the foremost part of the quarter deck, in ships of war, and filled with rope, mats, pieces of old cable, and full hammocks, to prevent the effect of small shot in time of action.

BARRICA'DE, verb transitive To stop up a passage; to obstruct.

2. To fortify with any slight work that prevents the approach of an enemy.

BARRICA'DO. The same as barricade.

BAR'RIER. [See bar]

1. In fortification, a kind of fence made in a passage or retrenchment, composed of great stakes, with transums or overthwart rafters, to stop an enemy.

2. A wall for defense.

3. A fortress or fortified town on the frontier of a country.

4. Any obstruction; any thing which confines, or which hinders approach, or attack; as constitutional barriers.

5. A bar to mark the limits of a place; any limit, or boundary; a line of separation.

B'ARRING, participle present tense Making fast with a bar; obstructing; excluding; preventing; prohibiting; crossing with stripes.

45

BAR'RISTER, noun [from bar.] A counselor, learned in the laws, qualified and admitted to please at the bar, and to take upon him the defense of clients; answering to the advocate or licentiate of other countries. Anciently, barristers were called, in England, apprentices of the law. Outer barristers are pleaders without the bar, to distinguish them from inner barristers, benchers or readers, who have been sometime admitted to please within the bar, as the king's counsel are.

BAR'ROW, noun

1. A light small carriage. A hand-barrow is a frame covered in the middle with boards, and borne by and between two men.

A wheel-barrow, is a frame with a box, supported by one wheel, and rolled by a single man.

2. A wicker case, in salt works, where the salt is put to drain.

BAR'ROW, noun

1. In England, a hog; and according to Ash, obsolete. Barrow-grease is hog's lard.

2. In America, a male hog castrated; a word in common use.

BAR'ROW, noun In the names of places, barrow is used to signify a wood or grove.

BAR'ROW, noun A hillock or mound of earth, intended as a repository of the dead. Such barrows are found in England, in the North of the European continent, and in America. They sometimes were formed of stones, and in England called cairns. The barrow answers to the tumulus of the Latins. [See Tomb.]

B'ARSE, noun An English name for the common perch.

B'ARSHOT, noun [See Bar and Shoot.] Double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a half ball or round head at each end; used for destroying the masts and rigging in naval combat.

B'ARTER, verb intransitive [Latin vario, vertol Class Br.] To traffick or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another, in distinction from a sale and purchase, in which money is paid for the commodities transferred.

B'ARTER, verb transitive To give one thing for another in commerce. It is sometimes followed by away; as, to barter away goods or honor.

B'ARTER, noun The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; sometimes, perhaps, the thing given in exchange.

B'ARTERED, pp. Given in exchange.

B'ARTERER, noun One who trafficks by exchange of commodities.

B'ARTERING, participle present tense Trafficking or trading by an exchange of commodities.

B'ARTERY, noun Exchange of commodities in trade. [Not used.]

B'ARTON, noun The demain lands of a manor; the manor itself; and sometimes the out-houses.

B'ARTRAM, noun [Latin pyrethrum.] A plant; pellitory.

BARYSTRON'TIANITE, noun [Gr.heavy and strontian.] A mineral, called also stromnite, from Stromness, in Orkney. It has been found in masses of a grayish white color internally, but externally of a yellowish white.

BARY'TA

BAR'YTE, noun [Gr.heavy; weight.] Ponderous earth; so called from its great weight, it being the heaviest of the earths. Spec.grav. about 4. Recent discoveries have shown that baryte is an oxyd, the basis of which is a metallic substance called barium. It is generally found in combination with the sulphuric and carbonic acids, forming the sulphate and carbonate of baryte, the former of which is called heavy spar.

BAR'YTE, n. [Gr.heavy; weight.] Ponderous earth; so called from its great weight, it being the heaviest of the earths. Spec.grav. about 4. Recent discoveries have shown that baryte is an oxyd, the basis of which is a metallic substance called barium. It is generally found in combination with the sulphuric and carbonic acids, forming the sulphate and carbonate of baryte, the former of which is called heavy spar.

BARY'TIC, adjective Pertaining to baryte; formed of baryte, or containing it.

BARY'TONE, adjective [Gr. heavy, and tone.] Pertaining to or noting a grave deep sound, or male voice.

BAR'YTONE, noun In music, a male voice, the compass of which partakes of the common base and the tenor, but which does not descend so low as the one, nor rise as high as the other.

2. In Greek Grammar, a verb which has no accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood.

BA'SAL, adjective Pertaining to the base; constituting the base.

BASALT', noun bazalt'. [Pliny informs us that the Egyptians found in Ethiopia, a species of marble, called basaltes, of an iron color and hardness, whence it received its name. Nat.Hist.Lib.36.Ca.7. But according to Da Costa, that stone was not the same which now bears the name of basalt Hist. of Fossils.p.263. If named from its color, it may be allied to the Fr. basane, tawny. Lunier refers it to the Ethiopic basal, iron, a word I cannot find.]

A dark, grayish black mineral or stone, sometimes bluish or brownish black, and when withered, the surface is grayish or reddish brown. It is amorphous, columnar, tabular or globular. The columnar form is straight or curved, perpendicular or inclined, sometimes nearly horizontal; the diameter of the columns from three inches to three feet, sometimes with transverse semi-spherical joints, in which the convex part of one is inserted in the concavity of another. The forms of the columns generally are pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal. It is sometimes found also in rounded masses, either spherical, or compressed and lenticular. These rounded masses are sometimes composed of concentric layers, with a nucleus, and sometimes of prisms radiating from a center. It is heavy and hard. The pillars of the Giant's causey in Ireland, composed of this stone and exposed to the roughest sea for ages, have their angles as perfect as those at a distance from the waves. The English miners call it cockle; the German, shorl, or shoerl. It is called by Kirwan, Figurate Trap, from its prismatic forms.

BASALT'IC, adjective Pertaining to basalt; formed of or containing basalt.

BASALT'IFORM, adjective In the form of basalt; columnar.

BASALT'INE, noun Basaltic Hornblend; a variety of common hornblend, so called from its being often found in Basalt. It is also found in lavas and volcanic scoriae. It is generally in distinct crystals, and its color is a pure black, or slightly tinged with green. It is more foliated than the other varieties, and has been mistaken for mica.

2. A column of basalt.

BAS'ANITE, noun [Gr. the trier. Plin.Lib.36. Ca.22. See Basalt.]

Lydian stone, or black jasper; a variety of siliceous or flinty slate. Its color is a grayish or bluish black, interspersed with veins of quartz. It is employed to test the purity of gold.

BASE, adjective

1. Low in place. obsolete

2. Mean; vile; worthless; that is, low in value or estimation; used of things.

3. Of low station; of mean account; without rank, dignity or estimation among men; used of persons.

The base shall behave proudly against the honorable. Isaiah 3:5.

4. Of mean spirit; disingenuous; illiberal; low; without dignity of sentiment; as a base and abject multitude.

5. Of little comparative value; applied to metals, and perhaps to all metals, except gold and silver.

6. Deep; grave; applied to sounds; as the base sounds of a viol.

7. Of illegitimate birth; born out of wedlock.

8. Not held by honorable tenure. A base estate is an estate held by services not honorable, not in capite, or by villenage. Such a tenure is called base or low, and the tenant, a base tenant. So writers on the laws of England use the terms, a base fee, a base court.

Such a tenure is called base or low, and the tenant, a base tenant. So writers on the laws of England use the terms, a base fee, a base court.

BASE, noun [Latin basis; that which is set, the foundation or bottom.]

1. The bottom of any thing, considered as its support or the part of a thing on which it stands or rests; as the base of a column, the pedestal of a statue, the foundation of a house, etc.

In architecture, the base of a pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a pedestal and the bottom of the shaft; but when there is no pedestal, it is the part between the bottom of the column and the plinth. Usually it consists of certain spires or circles. The pedestal also has its base

2. In fortification, the exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which is drawn from the flanked angle of a bastion to the angle opposite to it.

3. In gunnery, the least sort of ordnance, the diameter of whose bore is l 1/4 inch.

4. The part of any ornament which hangs down, as housings.

5. The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone.

6. In old authors, stockings; armor for the legs.

7. The place from which racers or tilters start; the bottom of the field; the carcer or starting post.

8. The lowest or gravest part in music; improperly written bass.

9. A rustic play, called also bays, or prison bars.

10. In geometry, the lowest side of the perimeter of a figure. Any side of a triangle may be called its base but this term most properly belongs to the side which is parallel to the horizon. In rectangled triangles, the base properly, is the side opposite to the right angle. The base of a solid figure is that on which it stands. The base of a conic section is a right line in the hyperbola and parabola, arising from the common intersection of the secant plane and the base of the cone.

11. In chimistry, any body which is dissolved by another body, which it receives and fixes. Thus any alkaline, earthy or metallic substance, combining with an acid, forms a compound or neutral salt, of which it is the base Such salts are called salts with alkaline, earthy or metallic bases.

12. Thorough base in music, is the part performed with base viols or theorbos, while the voices sing and other instruments perform their parts, or during the intervals when the other parts stop. It is distinguished by figures over the notes.

Counter base is a second or double base when there are several in the same concert.

BASE, verb transitive To embase; to reduce the value by the admixture of meaner metals. [Little used.]

2. To found; to lay the base or foundation.

To base and build the commonwealth of man.

BA'SED, participle passive Reduced in value; founded.

BA'SELESS, adjective Without a base; having no foundation, or support.

The baseless fabric of a vision.

The fame how poor that swells our baseless pride.

BA'SELY, adverb In a base manner; meanly; dishonorable.

2. Illegitimately; in bastardy.

BA'SEMENT, noun In architecture, the ground floor, on which the order or columns which decorate the principal story, are placed.

BA'SENESS, noun Meanness; vileness; worthlessness.

2. Vileness of metal; the quality of being of little comparative value.

3. Bastardy; illegitimacy of birth.

4. Deepness of sound.

BA'SENET, noun A helmet.

BASH, verb intransitive [Heb.bosh, to be cast down, or confounded. See Abash.]

To be ashamed; to be confounded with shame.

BASHAW', noun [This word is often written most absurdly pasha, both by the English and Americans. It should be written and pronounced pashaw.]

1. A title of honor in the Turkish dominions; appropriately, the title of the prime vizer, but given to viceroys or governors of provinces, and to generals and other men of distinction. The Turkish bashaws exercise an oppressive authority in their provinces. Hence,

2. A proud, tyrannical, overbearing man.

BASH'FUL, adjective [See Bash and Abash.]

1. Properly, having a downcast look; hence very modest.

2. Modest to excess; sheepish.

3. Exciting shame.

50

BASH'FULLY, adverb Very modestly; in a timorous manner.

BASH'FULNESS, noun Excessive or extreme modesty; a quality of mind often visible in external appearance, as in blushing, a downcast look , confusion. etc.

2. Vicious or rustic shame.

BASH'LESS, a Shameless; unblushing.

BAS'IL, noun s as z. The slope or angle of a tool or instrument as of a chisel or plane; usually of 12 degrees, but for hard wood, 18 degrees.

BAS'IL, verb transitive To grind or form the edge of a tool to an angle.

BAS'IL, noun s as z.

1. A plant of the genus Ocymum, of which there are many species, all natives of warm climates. They are fragrant aromatic plants, and one species, the sweet basil is much used in cookery, especially in France.

BAS'IL, noun The skin of a sheep tanned; written also basan.

BAS'ILAR

BAS'ILARY, adjective s as z. [See Basilic.]

Chief; an anatomical term applied to several bones, and to an artery of the brain.

Basilian monks, monks of the order of St. Basil, who founded the order in Pontus. The order still exists, but has less power and celebrity than formerly.

BAS'ILARY, a. s as z. [See Basilic.]

Chief; an anatomical term applied to several bones, and to an artery of the brain.

Basilian monks, monks of the order of St. Basil, who founded the order in Pontus. The order still exists, but has less power and celebrity than formerly.

BAS'ILIC, noun s as z. [Latin basilica; Gr. a king.]

Anciently, a public hall or court of judicature, where princes and magistrates sat to administer justice. It was a large hall, with aisles, porticoes, tribunes, and tribunals. The bankers also had a part allotted for their residence. These edifices, at first, were the palaces of princes, afterwards courts of justice, and finally converted into churches. Hence basilic now signifies a church, chapel, cathedral, or royal palace.

BAS'ILIC, noun [See Basil.] The middle vein of the arm, or the interior branch of the axillary vein, so called by way of eminence.

BAS'ILIC

BASIL'ICAL, adjective Belonging to the middle vein of the arm.

2. Noting a particular nut, the walnut, basilica nux.

BASILICAL, adjective s as z. In the manner of a public edifice or cathedral.

BASIL'ICON, noun s as z. [Gr.royal.]

An ointment. This name is given to several compositions in ancient medical writers. At present it is confined to three officinal ointments, distinguished into black, yellow and green basilicon

51

BAS'ILISK, noun s as z. [Latin basiliscus.]

1. A fabulous serpent, called a cockatrice, and said to be produced from a cock's egg brooded by a serpent. The ancients alledged that its hissing would drive away all other serpents, and that its breath and even its look was fatal. Some writers suppose that a real serpent exists under this name.

2. In military affairs, a large piece of ordnance, so called from its supposed resemblance to the serpent of that name, or from its size. This cannon carried a ball of 200 pounds weight, but is not now used. Modern writers give this name to cannon of a smaller size, which the Dutch make 15 feet long, and the French 10, carrying a 48 pound ball.

BA'SIN, noun basn.

1. A hollow vessel or dish, to hold water for washing, and for various other uses.

2. In hydraulics, any reservoir of water.

3. That which resembles a basin in containing water, as a pond, a dock for ships, a hollow place for liquids, or an inclosed part of water, forming a broad space within a strait or narrow entrance; a little bay.

4. Among glass grinders, a concave piece of metal by which convex glasses are formed.

5. Among hatters, a large shell or case, usually of iron, placed over a furnace, in which the hat is molded into due shape.

6. In anatomy, a round cavity between the anterior ventricles of the brain.

7. The scale of a balance, when hollow and round.

8. In Jewish antiquities, the laver of the tabernacle.

BA'SIS, noun plural bases. [Latin and Gr.; the same as base, which see.]

1. The foundation of any thing; that on which a thing stands or lies; the bottom or foot of the thing itself, or that on which it rests. See a full explanation under base.

2. The ground work or first principle; that which supports.

3. Foundation; support.

The basis of public credit is good faith.

The basis of all excellence is truth.

4. basis in chimistry. See Base. No. 12.

B'ASK, verb intransitive [The origin of this word is not obvious.]

To lie in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat; to be at ease and thriving under benign influences; as, to bask in the blaze of day; to bask in the sunshine of royal favor. The word includes the idea of some continuance of exposure.

B'ASK, verb transitive To warm by continued exposure to heat; to warm with genial heat.

B'ASKED, participle passive Exposed to warmth, or genial heat.

B'ASKET, noun

1. A domestic vessel made of twigs, rushes, splinters or other flexible things interwoven. The forms and sizes of baskets are very various, as well as the uses to which they are applied; as corn-baskets, clothes-baskets, fruit-baskets, and work-baskets.

2. The contents of a basket; as much as a basket will contain; as, a basket of medlars is two bushels. But in general, this quantity is indefinite.

In military affairs, baskets of earth sometimes are used on the parapet of a trench, between which the soldiers fire. They serve for defense against small shot.

B'ASKET, verb transitive To put in a basket

B'ASKING, participle present tense Exposing or lying exposed to the continued action of heat or genial warmth.

B'ASQUISH, adjective baskish. Pertaining to the people or language of Biscay.

B'ASS, noun [It has no plural.] The name of several species of fish. In England, this name is given to a species of perch, called by some the sea-wolf, from its voracity, and resembling, in a degree, the trout in shape, but having a larger head. It weighs about fifteen pounds. In the northern states of America, this name is given to a striped fish which grows to the weight of 25 or 30 pounds, and which enters the rivers; the perca ocellata.

A species of striped fish, of a darker color, with a large head, is called sea-bass, as it is never found in fresh water. This fish grows to two or three pounds weight. Both species are well tasted, but the proper bass is a very white and delicious food.

B'ASS, noun The linden, lime or tiel tree; called also bass-wood. [See Bast.]

2. [pron.bas.] A mat to kneel on in churches.

BASS, noun In music, the base; the deepest or gravest part of a tune. This word is thus written in imitation of the Italian basso, which is the Eng. base, low; yet with the pronunciation of base and plural bases, a gross error that ought to be corrected; as the word used in pronunciation is the English word base.

BASS, verb transitive To sound in a deep tone.

BAS'SA [See Bashaw.]

BAS'SET, noun A game at cards, said to have been invented at Venice, by a nobleman, who was banished for the invention. The game being introduced into France by the Venetian embassador, Justiniani, in 1674, it was prohibited by severe edicts.

BAS'SET, verb intransitive [See Basil.] Among coal diggers, to incline upwards. Thus a vein of coal bassets, when it takes a direction towards the surface of the earth. This is called cropping, and is opposed to dipping.

BAS'SETING, participle present tense Having a direction upwards.

BAS'SETING, noun The upward direction of a vein in a coal mine.

BAS'SOCK, noun The same as bass, a mat.

BASSOON', noun A musical wind instrument, blown with a reed, and furnished with eleven holes, which are stopped, as in other large flutes. Its compass comprehends three octaves. Its diameter at bottom is nine inches, and for convenience of carriage it is divided into two parts; whence it is called also a fagot. It serves for the base in a concert of hautboys, flutes, etc.

BASSOON'IST, noun A performer on the bassoon.

B'AST, noun A rope or cord, made of the bark of the lime tree, bass-wood or linden; or the bark made into ropes and mats.

B'ASTARD, noun A natural child; a child begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate or spurious child. By the civil and canon laws, a bastard becomes a legitimate child, by the intermarriage of the parents, at any future time. But by the laws of this country, as by those of England, a child, to be legitimate, must at least be born after the lawful marriage.

Bastard eigne', or bastard elder, in law, is when a man has a bastard son, and afterward marries the mother, and has a legitimate son, called mulier puisne, or younger.

B'ASTARD, noun A kind of sweet wine. [Not in use.]

B'ASTARD, adjective Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate.

2. Spurious; ; not genuine; false; supposititious; adulterate. In this sense, it is applied to things which resemble those which are genuine, but are really not genuine; as a bastard hope, bastard honors.

In military affairs, bastard is applied to pieces of artillery which are of an unusual make or proportion, whether longer or shorter, as the double culverin extraordinary, half or quarter culverin extraordinary.

Bastard-Flower-fence, a plant, a species of Adenanthera.

Bastard-hemp, a plant, a species of Datisca, false hemp.

Bastard-Rocket, dyers-weed, or wild woad, a species of Reseda.

Bastard-Star of Bethlehem, a plant, a species of Albuca.

Bastard-Scarlet, a red color dyed with balemadder.

B'ASTARD, verb transitive To make or determine to be a bastard

B'ASTARDISM, noun The state of a bastard.

B'ASTARDIZE, verb transitive To make or prove to be a bastard; to convict of being a bastard; to declare legally, or decide a person to be illegitimate.

The law is so indulgent as not to bastardize the child, if born, though not begotten, in lawful wedlock.

2. To beget a bastard.

B'ASTARDLY, adverb In the manner of a bastard; spuriously.

B'ASTARDS, an appellation given to a faction or troop of bandits, who ravaged Guienne in France in the 14th century; supposed to have been headed by the illegitimate sons of noblemen, who were excluded from the rights of inheritance.

B'ASTARDY, noun A state of being a bastard, or begotten and born out of lawful wedlock, which condition disables the person from inheriting an estate.

BASTARN'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Basternae, ancient inhabitants of the Carpathian mountains.

Bastarnic Alps, the Carpathian mountains, between Poland, Hungary and Transvlvania; so called from the ancient inhabitants, the Bastarnoe.

BAS'TAS, noun An India cloth or plain muslin. That of Surat is said to be the best.

BASTE, verb transitive

1. To beat with a stick.

2. To drip butter or fat upon meat, as it turns upon the spit, in roasting; to moisten with fat or other liquid.

BASTE, verb transitive To sew with long stitches; to sew slightly.

BASTED, participle passive Beat with a stick; moistened with fat or other matter in roasting; sewed together with long stitches, or slightly.

BAS'TILE, noun An old castle in Paris, built between 1369 and 1383, used as a state prison, and converted to the purpose of confining men for life, who happened to incur the resentment or jealousy of the French monarchs. It was demolished by the enraged populace in 1789.

BASTINA'DE

BASTINA'DO, noun [See Baste.] A sound beating with a stick or cudgel; the blows given with a stick or staff. This name is given to a punishment in use among the Turks, of beating an offender on the soles of his feet.

BASTINA'DE

BASTINA'DO, verb transitive To beat with a stick or cudgel.

BASTINA'DO, n. [See Baste.] A sound beating with a stick or cudgel; the blows given with a stick or staff. This name is given to a punishment in use among the Turks, of beating an offender on the soles of his feet.

BASTING, participle present tense Beating with a stick; moistening with dripping; sewing together with long stitches.

BASTING, noun A beating with a stick; a moistening with dripping; a sewing together slightly with long stitches.

BAS'TION, noun bas'chun. A huge mass of earth, usually faced with sods, sometimes with brick, or stones, standing out from a rampart, of which it is a principal part; formerly called a bulwark. Bastions are solid or hollow. A flat bastion is made in the middle of the curtain, when it is too long to be defended by the bastions in its extremes. A cut bastion has its point cut off and instead of it a re-entering angle, or an angle inwards, with two points outward. A composed bastion has two sides of the interior polygon unequal, which makes the gorges unequal. A demibastion is composed of one face only, which makes the gorges unequal. A demibastion is composed of one face only, with one flank and a demigorge. A double bastion is one raised on the plane of another.

BAS'TO, noun The ace of clubs at quadrille.

BAS'TON, or BATOON', noun In architecture, a round molding in the base of a column; called also a tore, [torus.]

BAT, noun

1. A heavy stick or club; a piece of wood with one end thicker or broader than the other.

2. bat or bate, a small copper coin of Germany, with a small mixture of silver, worth four crutzers. Also a coin of Switzerland, worth five livres.

3. A term given by miners to shale or bituminous shale.

BAT, verb intransitive To manage a bat or play with one.

BAT, noun [I have not found this word in any European language, except in English.]

A race of quadrupeds, technically called Vespertilio, of the order primates, in Linne's system. The fore feet have the toes connected by a membrane, expanded into a kind of wings, by means of which the animals fly. The species are numerous. Of these, the vampire or Ternate bat inhabits Africa and the Oriental Isles. These animals fly in flocks from isle to isle, obscuring the sun by their numbers. Their wings when extended measure five or six feet. They live on fruits; but are said sometimes to draw blood from persons when asleep. The bats of the northern latitudes are small; they are viviparous and suckle their young. Their skin resembles that of a mouse. They enter houses in pleasant summer evenings, feed upon moths, flies, flesh, and oily substances, and are torpid during the winter.

BA'TABLE, adjective [See Bate and Debate.] Disputable. The land between England and Scotland, which, when the kingdoms were distinct, was

a subject of contention, was called batable ground.

BATA'TAS, noun A species of tick or mite, found on the potatoes of Surinam. Also the Peruvian name of the sweet potatoe.

BATA'VIAN, adjective [from Batavi, the people who inhabited the isle.]

Pertaining to the isle of Betaw in Holland, between the Rhine and the Waal. But more generally, the word denotes what appertains to Holland in general.

BATA'VIAN, noun A native of Betaw, or of the Low Countries.

BATCH, noun [from bake.]

1. The quantity of bread baked at one time; a baking of bread.

2. Any quantity of a thing made at once, or so united as to have like qualities.

BATE, noun [It is probably from the root of beat. See Debate.]

Strife; contention; retained in make-bate.

BATE, verb transitive [The literal sense is, to beat, strike, thrust; to force down. See Beat.]

To lessen by retrenching, deducting or reducing; as, to bate the wages of the laborer; to bate good cheer. [We now use abate.]

BATE, verb intransitive To grow or become less; to remit or retrench a part; with of.

Abate thy speed and I will bate of mine.

Spenser uses bate in the sense of sinking, driving in, penetrating; a sense regularly deducible from that of beat, to thrust.

Yet there the steel staid not, but inly bate

Deep in the flesh, and open'd wide a red flood gate.

BATEAU, noun batto'. [Latin batillum.] A light boat, long in proportion to its breadth, and wider in the middle than at the ends.

BA'TEFUL, adjective Contentious; given to strife; exciting contention.

BA'TELESS, adjective Not to be abated.

BA'TEMENT, noun Abatement; deduction; diminution. [Bate, with its derivatives, is, I believe, little used, or wholly obsolete in the United States.]

BAT'ENITES, BAT'ENISTS, or BATE'NIANS, noun A sect of apostates from Mohammedism, who professed the abominable practices of the Ismaelians and Kirmatians. The word signified esoteric, or persons of inward light. [See Assassins.]

BAT'ENITES, BAT'ENISTS, or BATE'NIANS, noun A sect of apostates from Mohammedism, who professed the abominable practices of the Ismaelians and Kirmatians. The word signified esoteric, or persons of inward light. [See Assassins.]

58

BAT'FOWLER, noun One who practices, or is pleased with bat-fowling.

BAT'FOWLING, noun A mode of catching birds at night, by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or perch where they roost. The birds flying to the light are caught with nets or otherwise.

BAT'FUL, adjective [See Batten.] Rich, fertile, as land. [Not in use.]

B'ATH, noun

1. A place for bathing; a convenient vat or receptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash their bodies in. Baths are warm or tepid, hot or cold, more generally called warm and cold. They are also natural or artificial. Natural baths are those which consist of spring water, either hot or cold, which is often impregnated with iron, and called chalybeate, or with sulphur, carbonic acid, and other mineral qualities. These waters are often very efficacious in scorbutic, bilious, dyspeptic and other complaints.

2. A place in which heat is applied to a body immersed in some substance. Thus,

A dry bath is made of hot sand, ashes, salt, or other matter, for the purpose of applying heat to a body immersed in them.

A vapor bath is formed by filling an apartment with hot steam or vapor, in which the body sweats copiously, as in Russia; or the term is used for the application of hot steam to a diseased part of the body.

A metalline bath is water impregnated with iron or other metallic substance, and applied to a diseased part.

In chimistry, a wet bath is formed by hot water in which is placed a vessel containing the matter which requires a softer heat than the naked fire.

In medicine, the animal bath is made by wrapping the part affected in a warm skin just taken from an animal.

3. A house for bathing. In some eastern countries, baths are very magnificent edifices.

4. A Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or seven gallons and four pints, as a measure for liquids; and three pecks and three pints, as a dry measure.

BATHE, verb transitive

1. To wash the body, or some part of it, by immersion, as in a bath; it often differs from ordinary washing in a longer application of water, to the body or to a particular part, as for the purpose of cleansing or stimulating the skin.

2. To wash or moisten, for the purpose of making soft and supple, or for cleansing, as a wound.

3. To moisten or suffuse with a liquid; as, to bathe in tears or blood.

BATHE, verb intransitive To be or lie in a bath; to be in water, or in other liquid, or to be immersed in a fluid, as in a bath; as, to bathe in fiery floods.

BA'THED, participle passive Washed as in a bath; moistened with a liquid; bedewed.

BA'THER, noun One who bathes; one who immerses himself in water, or who applies a liquid to himself or to another.

BA'THING, participle present tense Washing by immersion, or by applying a liquid; moistening; fomenting.

BA'THING, noun The act of bathing or washing the body in water.

BA'THOS, noun The art of sinking in poetry.

BA'TING, participle present tense [from bate.] Abating; taking away; deducting; excepting.

Children have few ideas, bating some faint ideas of hunger and thirst.

BAT'INIST. [See Batenites.]

BAT'IST, noun A fine linen cloth made in Flanders and Picardy, of three different kinds or thicknesses.

BAT'LET, noun [from bat.] A small bat, or square piece of wood with a handle, for beating linen when taken out of the buck.

BAT'MAN, noun A weight used in Smyrna, of six okes, each of 400 drams; equal to 16 lbs.6 ox. 15 dr. English.

BATOON' or BAT'ON, noun A staff or club; a marshal's staff; a truncheon; a badge of military honors.

BATOON' or BAT'ON, noun A staff or club; a marshal's staff; a truncheon; a badge of military honors.

BAT'RACHITE, noun [Gr.a frog.] A fossil or stone in color resembling a frog.

BAT'RACHOMYOM'ACHY, noun [Gr.a frog, a mouse, and a battle.]

The battle between the frogs and mice; a burlesque poem ascribed to Homer.

BATRA'CIAN, adjective [Gr.a frog.] Pertaining to frogs; an epithet designating an order of animals, including frogs, toads and similar animals.

BATRA'CIAN, noun An animal of the order above mentioned.

BAT'TABLE, adjective Capable of cultivation. [Not in use.]

BAT'TAILANT, noun [See Battle.] A combatant. [Not used.]

BAT'TAILOUS, adjective [See Battle.] Warlike; having the form or appearance of an army arrayed for battle; ; marshaled, as for an attack.

BATTAL'IA, noun [See Battle.]

1. The order of battle; troops arrayed in their proper brigades, regiments, battalions, etc., for action.

2. The main body of any army in array, distinguished from the wings.

BATTAL'ION, noun [See Battle.] A body of infantry, consisting of from 500 to 800 men; so called from being originally a body of men arrayed for battle. A battalion is generally a body of troops next below a regiment. Sometimes a battalion composed a regiment; more generally a regiment consists of two or more battalions. Shakespeare used the word for and army.

BATTAL'IONED, adjective Formed into battalions.

BAT'TEL, noun [See Battle.] In law, wager of battle, a species of trial for the decision of causes between parties. This species of trial is of high antiquity, among the rude military people of Europe. It was introduced into England, by William, the Norman Conqueror, and used in three cases only; in the court martial, or court of chivalry or honor; ; in appeals of felony; and in issues joined upon a writ of right. The contest was had before the judges, on a piece of ground inclosed, and the combatants were bound to fight till the stars appeared, unless the death of one party or victory sooner decided the contest. It is no longer is use.

BATTEL, verb intransitive To grow fat. [Not in use.] [See batten.]

1. To stand indebted in the college books at Oxford, for provisions and drink, from the buttery. Hence a batteler answers to a sizer at Cambridge.

BAT'TEL, noun An account of the expenses of a student at Oxford.

BAT'TEL, adjective [See Batten.] Fertile; fruitful. [Not used.]

BAT'TELER

BAT'TEMENT, noun A beating; striking; ; impulse. [Not in use.]

BAT'TEMENT, n. A beating; striking;; impulse. [Not in use.]

BAT'TEN, verb transitive bat'n. [See Fat.]

1. To fatten; to make fat; to make plump by plenteous feeding.

2. To fertilize or enrich land.

BAT'TEN, verb intransitive To grow or become fat; to live in luxury, or to grow fat in ease and luxury.

The pampered monarch battening in ease.

BAT'TEN, noun A piece of board or scantling, of a few inches in breadth, used in making doors and windows. It is not as broad as a panel.

BAT'TEN, verb transitive To form with battens.

BAT'TER, verb transitive [Latin batuo, to beat. See Beat.]

1. To beat with successive blows; to beat with violence, so as to bruise, shake, or demolish; , as, to batter a wall.

2. To wear or impair with beating; as a battered pavement; a battered jade.

3. To attack with a battering ram.

4. To attack with heavy artillery, for the purpose of making a breach in a wall or rampart.

BAT'TER, verb intransitive To swell, bulge or stand out, as a timber or side of a wall from its foundation.

BAT'TER, noun [from beat or batter ] A mixture of several ingredients, as flour, eggs, salt, etc., beaten together with some liquor, used in cookery.

BAT'TERED, participle passive Beaten; bruised, broken, impaired by beating or wearing.

BAT'TERER, noun One who batters or beats.

BAT'TERING, participle present tense Beating; dashing against; bruising or demolishing by beating.

BAT'TERY, noun [See Beat.]

1. The act of battering, or beating.

2. The instrument of battering.

3. In the military art, a parapet thrown up to cover the gunners and others employed about them, from the enemy's shot, with the guns employed. Thus, to erect a battery is to form the parapet and mount the guns. The term is applied also to a number of guns ranged in order for battering, and to mortars used for a like purpose.

Cross batteries are two batteries which play athwart each other, forming an angle upon the object battered.

Battery d'enfilade, is one which scours or sweeps the whole line or length.

Battery en echarpe, is that which plays obliquely.

Battery de revers, is that which plays upon the enemy's back.

Camerade battery is when several guns play at the same time upon one place.

4. In law, the unlawful beating of another. The least violence or the touching of another in anger is a battery

5. In electrical apparatus and experiments, a number of coated jars placed in such a manner, that they may be charged at the same time, and discharged in the same manner. This is called an electrical battery

6. Galvanic battery a pile or series of plates of copper and zink, or of any substances suspectable of galvanic action.

BAT'TING, noun The management of a bat play.

BAT'TISH, adjective [from bat, an animal.] Resembling a bat; as a battish humor.

BAT'TLE, noun [See Beat.] Owen supposes the Welsh batel, to be from tel, tight, stretched, compact, and the word primarily to have expressed the drawing of the bow. This is probably an error. The first battles of men were with clubs, or some weapons used in beating, striking. Hence the club of Hercules. And although the moderns use different weapons, still a battle is some mode of beating or striking.]

1. A fight, or encounter between enemies, or opposing armies; an engagement. It is usually applied to armies or large bodies of men; but in popular language, the word is applied to an encounter between small bodies, between individuals, or inferior animals. It is also more generally applied to the encounters of land forces than of ships; the encounters of the latter being called engagements. But battle is applicable to any combat of enemies.

2. A body of forces, or division of an army.

The main body, as distinct from the van and rear.

To give battle is to attack an enemy; to join battle is properly to meet the attack; but perhaps this distinction is not always observed.

A pitched battle is one in which the armies are previously drawn up in form, with a regular disposition of the forces.

To turn the battle to the gate, is to fight valiantly, and drive the enemy, who hath entered the city, back to the gate. Isaiah 28:6.

BAT'TLE, verb intransitive To join in battle; to contend in fight; sometimes with it; as, to battle it.

BAT'TLE, verb transitive To cover with armed force.

BAT'TLEMENT, noun [This is said to have been bastillement, from bastille, a fortification.]

A wall raised on a building with openings or embrasures, or the

embrasure itself.

BAT'TLEMENTED, adjective Secured by battlements.

BAT'TLER, noun A student at Oxford.

BAT'TLING, noun Conflict.

BATTOL'OGIST, noun [See Battology.] One that repeats the same thing in speaking or writing. [Little used.]

BATTOL'OGIZE, verb transitive To repeat needlessly the same thing. [Little used.]

BATTOL'OGY, noun [Gr. from Barros, a garrulous person, and discourse.]

A needless repetition of woods in speaking.

BAT'TON, noun [from bat.] In commerce, pieces of wood or deal for flooring, or other purposes.

BAT'TORY, noun Among the Hans-Towns, a factory or magazine which the merchants have in foreign countries.

BAT'TULATE, verb transitive To interdict commerce. [A word used by the Levant company.]

BATTULA'TION, noun A prohibition of commerce.

BAT'TY, adjective [from bat, an animal.] Belonging to a bat.

BATZ, noun A small copper coin with a mixture of silver, current in some parts of Germany and Switzerland.

BAUBEE', noun In Scotland the North of England, a half penny.

BAUGE, noun A drugget manufactured in Burgundy, with thread spun thick, and of coarse wool.

BAULK [See Balk.]

BAV'AROY, noun A king of cloke or surtout.

BAV'IN, noun A stick like those bound up in faggots; a piece of waste wood. In war, brush, faggots.

BAW'BLE, noun [ According to Spelman, baubella are gems or jewels.]

A trifling piece of finery; a gew-gaw; that which is gay or showy without real value.

BAWB'LING, adjective Trifling; contemptible.

BAW'COCK, noun A fine fellow.

BAWD, noun [Gr., a procurer or procuress.]

A procurer or procuress. A person who keeps a house of prostitution, and conducts criminal intrigues. [Usually applied to females.]

BAWD, verb intransitive To procure; to provide women for lewd purposes.

1. To foul or dirty. [Not in use.]

BAWD'-BORN, adjective Descended from a bawd

BAWD'ILY, adverb Obscenely; lewdly.

BAWD'INESS, noun Obscenity; lewdness.

BAWD'RICK, noun [See Baldrick.] A belt.

BAWD'RY, noun [See Bawd.] The abominable practice of procuring women for the gratification of lust.

1. Obscenity; filthy, unchaste language.

BAWD'Y, adjective Obscene; filthy, unchaste; applied to language.

BAWL, verb intransitive [Latin balo, to bleat; Heb. the blast of a trumpet; to weep, to wail. These all coincide in elements with Latin pello, appello, Eng. peal, and the primary sense is the same.]

1. To cry out with a loud full sound; to hoot; to cry with vehemence, as in calling, or in pain or exultation.

2. To cry loud, as a child from pain or vexation.

BAWL, verb transitive To proclaim by outcry, as a common crier.

BAWL'ED, participle passive Proclaimed by outcry.

BAWLER, noun One who bawls.

BAWL'ING, participle present tense Crying aloud.

BAWL'ING, noun The act of crying with a loud sound.

BAWN, noun An inclosure with mud or stone walls for keeping cattle; a fortification. [Not used.]

BAW'REL, noun A kind of hawk.

BAW'SIN, noun A badger.

BAXTE'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Baxter, a celebrated English divine; as the baxterian scheme.

BAY, adjective [Latin badius. Blass Bd.] Red, or reddish, inclining to a chestnut color; applied to the color of horses. The shades of this color are called light bay dark bay dappled bay gilded bay chestnut bay In popular language, in England, all bay horses are called brown.

BAY, noun

1. An arm of the sea, extending into the land, not of any definite form, but smaller than a gulf, and larger than a creek. The name, however, is not used with much precision, and is often applied to large tracts of water, around which the land forms a curve, as Hudson's bay Nor is the name restricted to tracts of water with a narrow entrance, but used for any recess or inlet between capes of head lands, as the bay of Biscay.

2. A pond-head, or a pond formed by a dam, for the purpose of driving mill-wheels. [ I believe not used in U.S.]

3. In a barn, a place between the floor and the end of the building, or a low inclosed place, for depositing hay.

In England, says Johnson, if a barn consists of a floor and two heads, where they lay corn, they call it a barn of two bays. These bays are from 14 to 20 feet long, and floors from 10 to 12 feet broad, and usually 20 feet long, which is the breadth of the barn.

4. In ships of war, that part on each side between decks which lies between the bitts.

5. Any kind of opening in walls.

BAY, noun [Gr. a branch of the palm tree.]

1. The laurel tree, Hence,

2. Bays, in the plural, an honorary garland or crown, bestowed as a prize for victory or excellence, anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel.

The patriot's honors, and the poet's bays.

3. In some parts of the U.States, a tract of land covered with bay trees.

BAY, noun A state of expectation, watching or looking for; as, to keep a man at bay So a stag at bay is when he turns his head against the dogs. Whence abeyance, in law, or a state of expectancy.

BAY, verb intransitive

1. To bark, as a dog at his game.

2. To encompass, or inclose, from bay We now use embay.

BAY, verb transitive To bark at; to follow with barking.

BA'YARD, noun [bay and ard, kind.]

1. A bay horse.

2. An unmannerly beholder.

BA'YARDLY, adjective Blind; stupid.

BA'YED, adjective Having bays, as a building.

BA'YONET, noun A short pointed instrument of iron or broad dagger, formerly with a handle fitted to the bore of a gun, where it was inserted for use, after the soldier had fired; but now made with an iron handle and ring which go over the muzzle of the piece, so that the soldier fires with his bayonet fixed.

BA'YONET, verb transitive To stab with a bayonet

1. To compel or drive by the bayonet

BAYS, or BAYZE. [See Baize.]

BAZ'A , noun A long, fine spun cotton from Jerusalem, whence it is called Jerusalem cotton.

BAZ'AR, noun Among the Turks and Persians, an exchange, market-place, or place where goods are exposed to sale. Some bazars are open, others are covered with lofty ceilings or domes, pierced to give light. The bazar at Tauris will contain 30, 000 men.

BAZ'AT

B'BARBACAN, noun

1. A fortification or outer defense to a city or castle, consisting of an elevation of earth about three feet high, along the foot of the rampart.

2. A fortress at the end of a bridge, or at the outlet of a city, having a double wall with towers.

3. An opening in the wall of a fortress through which guns are leveled and fired upon an enemy.

The French use the word also for an aperture in a wall to let in or drain off water; and the Spaniards, for a low wall round a church yard.