AP'AGOGE,

APAGOG'ICAL, adjective An apagogical demonstration is an indirect way of proof, by showing the absurdity or impossibility of the contrary.

AP'AGOGY, noun [Gr. from, to draw aside, of from and to drive.]

1. In logic abduction; a kind of argument, wherein the greater extreme is evidently contained in the medium, but the medium not so evidently in the lesser extreme, as not to require further proof. Thus, 'All whom God absolves are free from sin; but God absolves all who are in Christ; therefore all who are in Christ are free from sin.' The first proposition is evident; but the second may require further proof, as that God received full satisfaction for sin, by the suffering of Christ.

2. In mathematics, a progress or passage from one proposition to another, when the first, having been demonstrated, is employed in proving others.

3. In the Athenian law, the carrying a criminal, taken in the fact, to a magistrate.

APALACH'IAN, adjective Pertaining to the Apalaches, a tribe of Indians, in the westen part of Georgia. Hence the word is applied to the mountains in or near their country, which are in fact the southern extremity of the Alleghanean ridges.

APAN'THROPY, noun [Gr. from, and man.]

An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.

APARITH'MESIS, noun [Gr.] In rhetoric, enumeration.

AP'ART, adverb [a and part; See Part.]

1. Separately; at a distance; in a state of separation, as to place.

Jesus departed thence into a desert place apart Math. 14.

2. In a state of distinction, as to purpose, use or character.

The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself.

Psalms 4:3.

3. Distinctly; separately; as, consider the two propositions apart

4. Aside; in exclusion of; as, apart from all regard to his morals, he is not qualified, in other respects, for the office he holds.

AP'ARTMENT, noun [See Part.]

A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions; a place separated by inclosure.

APATHET'IC, adjective Void of feeling; free from passion; insensible.

AP'ATHY, noun [Gr. passion.]

Want of feeling; an utter privation of passion, or insensibility to pain; applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to the mind, it is stoicism, a calmness of mind incapable of being ruffled by pleasure, pain or passion. In the first ages of the church, the christians adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly concerns.

Quietism is apathy disguised under the appearance of devotion.

AP'ATITE, noun [From Gr. to deceive; it having been often mistaken for other minerals.]

A variety of phosphate of lime; generally crystallized in low, flat, hexahedral prisms, sometimes even tabular. Its powder phosphoresces on burning coals.

The phosporite of Werner includes the massive and earthy varieties of the phosphate, which are distinguished from the apatite by their containing a small portion of fluoric acid.

APE, noun

1. A genus of quadrupeds, found in the torrid zone of both continents, of a great variety of species. In common use, the word extends to all the tribe of monkeys and baboons; but in zoology, ape is limited to such of these animals as have no tails; while those with short tails are called baboons, and those with long ones, monkeys. These animals have four cutting teeth in each jaw, and two canine teeth, with obtuse grinders. The feet are formed like hands, with four fingers and a thumb, and flat nails. Apes are lively, full of frolic and chatter, generally untamable, thieving and mischievous. They inhabit the forests, and live on fruits, leaves and insects.

2. One who imitates servilely, in allusion to the manners of the ape; a silly fellow.

APE, verb transitive To imitate servilely; to mimic, as an ape imitates human actions. Weak persons are always prone to ape foreigners.

APE'AK, adverb [a and peak, a point. See peak.]

1. One the point; in a posture to pierce.

2. In seamen's language, perpendicular. The anchor is apeak when the cable is drawn so as to bring the ship directly over it.

AP'ENNINE, adjective [Latin apenninus; ad and penninus, an epithet applied to a peak or ridge of the Alps.]

Pertaining to or designating a chain of mountains, which extend from the plains of Piedmont, round the gulf of Genoa, to the center of Italy, and thence south east to the extremity.

AP'ENNINES, noun The mountains above described.

APEP'SY, noun [Gr. diges.]

Defective digestion; indigestion. [Little used.]

A'PER, noun One who apes. in zoology, the wild boar.

APE'RIENT, adjective [Latin aperiens, aperio.]

Opening; that has the quality of opening; deobstruent; laxative.

APE'RIENT, noun a medicine which promoties the circulation of the fluids, by removing obstructions; a laxative; a deobstruent; as, smallage, fennel, asparagus, parsley, and butcher's broom.

APER'ITIVE, adjective Opening; deobstruent; aperient.

APERT', adjective [Latin apertus.] Open; evident; undisguised. [Not used.]

APER'TION, noun The act of opening; the state of being opened; an opening; a gap, aperture, or passage. [Little used.]

APERT'LY, adverb Openly [Little used.]

APERT'NESS, noun [Latin apertus.] Openness. [Rarely used.]

APERT'OR, noun A muscle that raises the upper eye lid.

AP'ERTURE, noun

1. The act of opening; more generally, an opening; a gap, cleft or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole through any solid substance.

2. An opening of meaning; explanation. [Not used.]

3. In geometry, the space between two right lines, forming an angle.

APET'ALOUS, adjective [Gr. a flower-leaf or petal.]

In botany, having no petals, or flower-leaves; having no corol.

APET'ALOUSNESS, noun A state of being without petals.

A'PEX, noun plural apexes. [Latin apex plural apices.]

The tip, point of summit of any thing. In antiquity, the cap of a flamen or priest; the crest of a helmet. In grammar, the mark of a long syllable. In botany, the anther of flowers, or tops of the stamens, like knobs.

A'PICES, A'PEXES. [See Apex, and Anther.]

APH'ANITE, noun [Gr. to appear.]

In mineralogy, compact amphibole in a particular state.

APHE'LION, noun [Gr. from, and the sun.]

That point of a planet's orbit which is most distant from the sun; opposed to perihelion.

APHERE'SIS, noun [Gr. from, and to take.]

1. The taking of a litter or syllable from the beginning of a word. Thus by an apheresis omittere is writter, mittere.

2. In the healing art, the removal of any thing noxious. In surgery, amputation.

APHIDIV'OROUS, adjective [of aphis, the puceron or vine fretter, and voro, to eat.]

Eating, devouring, or subsisting on the aphis, or plant-louse.

APHILAN'THROPY, noun [of a neg. and to love, and man.]

Want of love to mankind. In medicine, the first stage of melancholy, when solitude is preferred to society.

A'PHIS, noun In zoology, the puceron, vine fretter, or plant-louse; a genus of insects, belonging to the order of hemipters. The aphis is furnished with an inflected beak, and with feelers longer than the thorax. In the same species, some individuals have four erect wings, and others are entirely without wings. The feet are of the ambulatory kind, and the belly usually ends in two horns, from which is ejected the substance called honey-dew. The species are very numerous.

APHLOGIS'TIC, adjective [Gr. inflammable.]

Flameless; as an aphlogistic lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame.

APH'ONY, noun [Gr. voice.]

A loss of voice; a palsy of the tongue; dumbness; catalepsy.

APH'ORISM, noun [Gr. determination, distinction; from to separate.]

A maxim; a precept, or principle expressed in few words; a detached sentence containing some important truth; as, the aphorisms of Hippocrates, or of the civil law.

APHORISM'ER, noun A dealer in aphorisms.

APHORIS'TIC,

APHORIS'TICAL, adjective In the form of an aphorism; in the form of short unconnected sentences; as an aphoristic style.

APHORIS'TICAL, a. In the form of an aphorism; in the form of short unconnected sentences; as an aphoristic style.

APHORIS'TICALLY, adverb In the form or manner of aphorisms.

APH'RITE, noun [Gr. froth; the schaum erde, or earth scum, of Werner; the silvery chalk of Kirwan.]

A subvariety of carbonate of lime, occurring in small masses, solid or tender and friable. It is composed of lamels or scales, of a pearly luster. It is connected by insensible shades with argentine.

APH'RIZITE, noun A variety of black tourmalin.

APHRODIS'IAC,

APHRODISI'ACAL, adjective [Gr. venereal, Venus, from froth.]

Exciting venereal desire; increasing the appetite for sexual connection.

APHRODIS'IAC, noun A provocative to venery.

APHRODISI'ACAL, a. [Gr. venereal, Venus, from froth.]

APHRODI'TA, noun

1. In zoology, a genus of the order of Molluscas, called also sea-mouse. The body is oval, with many small protuberances or tentacles on each side, which serve as feet. The mouth is cylindrical, at one end of the body, with two bristly tentacles, and capable of being retracted.

2. A name of Venus, so called from Gr. froth, from which the goddess was supposed to have been produced. [See Venus.]

APH'RODITE, noun [Gr.] A follower of Venus.

APH'THONG, noun [Gr. without, and sound.]

A letter or combination of letters, which, in the customary pronunciation of a word, have no sound.

APH'THOUS, adjective [Gr. ulcers in the mouth.]

Pertaining to thrush; of the nature of thrush or ulcerous affections of the mouth.

APH'YLLOUS, adjective [Gr. a leaf.]

In botany, destitute of leaves, as the rush, mushrooms, garlic, some sea-weeds, etc.

A'PIARY, noun [Latin apiarium, of apis, a bee.]

The place where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees.

A'PIASTER, noun [From apis, a bee.]

The bird called a bee-eater, a species of merops. The apiaster has an iron colored back, and a belly of bluish green.

A'PICES, A'PEXES. [See Apex, and Anther.]

APIE'CE, adverb [a and piece.]

To each; noting the share of each; as here is an orange apiece

A'PIS, noun In mythology, an ox, worshiped in ancient Egypt, or a divinity or idol in the figure of an ox.

A'PIS, noun [Latin] In zoology, the bee, a genus of insects, of the order of hymenopters. The mouth has two jaws, and a proboscis infolded in a double sheath; the wings are four, the two foremost covering the hinder ones when at rest. The females and working bees have a sting.

A'PISH, adjective [See Ape.] Having the qualities of an ape; inclined to imitate in a servile manner; hence, foolish, foppish, affected, trifling, insignificant; as, an apish fellow; apish manners.

A'PISHLY, adverb In an apish manner; with servile imitation; foppishly.

A'PISHNESS, noun The quality of being apish; mimicry; foppery.

APIT'PAT, With quick beating or palpitation; a word formed from the sound, pit and pat, or from beat.

APLANAT'IC, adjective [Gr. to wander.]

An aplanatic telescope is one which entirely corrects the aberration of the rays of light. It is thus distinguished from the achromatic, which only partially corrects the aberration.

APLO'ME, noun [Gr. simple.]

A mineral closely allied to garnet. It is considered by Jameson, as crystallized common garnet. It is a rare mineral, found in dodecahedrons, with rhombic faces, supposed to be derived from the cube, by one of the most simple laws of decrement, that of a single range of particles, parallel to all the edges of a cube.

APLUS'TER,

APLUS'TRE, noun [Latin from Gr. the summit of the poop of a ship.]

An ensign, or ornament carried by ancient ships. It was shaped like a plume of feathers, fastened on the neck of a goose or swan, and to this was attached a party-colored ribbon, to indicate the course of the wind.

APLUS'TRE, n. [L. from Gr. the summit of the poop of a ship.]

APOC'ALYPSE, noun apoc'alyps. [Gr. from to disclose; and to cover.]

Revelation; discovery; disclosure. The name of a book of the New Testament, containing many discoveries or predictions respecting the future state of Christianity, written by St. John, in Patmos, near the close of the first century.

APOCALYP'TIC,

APOCALYP'TICAL, adjective Containing or pertaining to revelation; disclosing.

APOCALYP'TICAL, a. Containing or pertaining to revelation; disclosing.

APOCALYP'TICALLY, adverb By revelation; in the manner of disclosure.

APOC'OPATE, verb transitive [See apocope.]

To cut off, or drop the last letter or syllable of a word.

APOC'OPATED, participle passive Shortened by the omission of the last letter or syllable.

APOC'OPATING, participle present tense Cutting off, or omitting the last letter or syllable.

APOC'OPE,

APOC'OPY, noun [Gr. abscission, of and to cut.]

The cutting off, or omission of the last letter or syllable of a word; as di for dii.

APOC'OPY, n. [Gr. abscission, of and to cut.]

APOC'RISARY, noun [Gr. from answer, to answer.]

Anciently a resident in an imperial city, in the name of a foreign church or bishop, answering to the modern nuncio. He was a proctor, in the emperor's court, to negotiate, and transact business for his constituent.

APOCRUST'IC, adjective [Gr. from, to drive from.]

Astringent; repelling.

APOCRUST'IC, noun A medicine which constringes, and repels the humors; a repellent.

APOC'RYPHA, noun [Gr. from, to conceal.]

Literally such things as are not published; but in an appropriate sense, books whose authors are not known; whose authenticity, as inspired writings, is not admitted, and which are therefore not considered a part of the sacred canon of the scripture. When the Jews published their sacred books, they called them canonical and divine; such as they did not publish, were called apocryphal. The apocryphal books are received by the Romish Church as canonical, but not by Protestants.

APOC'RYPHAL, adjective Pertaining to the apecrypha; not canonical; of uncertain authority or credit; false; fictitious.

APOC'RYPHALLY, adverb Uncertainly; not indisputably.

APOC'RYPHALNESS, noun Uncertainty, as to authenticity; doubtfulness of credit, or genuineness.

AP'ODAL, adjective [See apode.]

Without feet; in zoology, destitute of ventral fins.

AP'ODE, noun [Gr. foot.]

An animal that has no feet, applied to certain fabulous fowls, which are said to have no legs, and also to some birds that have very short legs.

In zoology, the apodes are an order of fishes which have no ventral fins; the first order in Linne's system.

APODIC'TIC,

APODIC'TICAL, adjective [Gr. evidence, of an to show.]

Demonstrative; evident beyond contradiction; clearly proving. [Little used.]

APODIC'TICAL, a. [Gr. evidence, of an to show.]

APODIC'TICALLY, adverb So as to be evident beyond contradiction.

APOD'OSIS, noun [Gr.] The application or latter part of a similitude.

AP'OGEE, noun [apogeon, apogeum; Gr. from, and the earth.]

That point in the orbit of a a planet, which is at the greatest distance from the earth. The ancients regarded the earth as fixed in the center of the system, and therefore assigned to the sun, with the planets, an apogee; but the moderns, considering the sun as the center, use the terms perihelion and aphelion, to denote the least and greatest distance of the planets from that orb. The sun's apogee therefore is in strictness, the earth's aphelion. apogee is properly applicable to the moon.

AP'OGON, noun A fish of the Mediterranean, the summit of whose head is elevated.

APOLLINA'RIAN, adjective [From Apollo.]

The apollinarian games, in Roman antiquity, were celebrated in honor of Apollo; instituted adjective R. 542 after the battle of Cannae. They were merely scenical, with exhibitions of music, dances and various mountebank tricks.

APOLLINA'RIANS, in Church history, a sect, deriving their name from Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, in the 4th Century, who denied the proper humanity of Christ; maintaining that his body was endowed with a sensitive, and not with a rational soul; and that the divine nature supplied the place of the intellectual principle in man.

Apollo-Belvidere, an ancient statue of the first class in excellence.

APOL'LYON, noun [Gr. destroying.]

The destroyer; a name used Revelation 9:11, for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew Abaddon.

APOLOGET'IC,

APOLOGET'ICAL, adjective [Gr. to speak in defense of; and speech.]

Defending by words or arguments; excusing; said or written in defense, or by way of apology; as an apologetic essay.

APOLOGET'ICAL, a. [Gr. to speak in defense of; and speech.]

APOLOGET'ICALLY, adverb By way of apology or excuse.

APOL'OGIST, noun [See Apology.]

One who makes an apology; one who speaks or writes in defense of another.

APOL'OGIZE, verb intransitive To make an apology; to write or speak in favor of, or to make excuse for; followed by for; as, my correspondent apologized for not answering my letter.

AP'OLOGUE, noun ap'olog. [Gr. a long speech, a fable.]

A moral fable; a story or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey useful truths. An apologue differs from a parable in this; the parable is drawn from events which pass among mankind, and is therefore supported by probability; an apologue may be founded on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore does not require to be supported by probability. Esop's fables are good examples of apologues.

APOL'OGY, noun [Gr. discourse.]

An excuse; something said or written in defense or extenuation of what appears to others wrong, or unjustifiable; or of what may be liable to disapprobation. It may be an extenuation of what is not perfectly justifiable, or a vindication of what is or may be disapproved, but which the apologist deems to be right. A man makes an apology for not fulfilling an engagement, or for publishing a pamphlet. An apology then is a reason or reasons assigned for what is wrong or may appear to be wrong, and it may be either an extenuation or a justification of something that is or may be censured, by those who are not acquainted with the reasons.

APONEURO'SIS,

APONEU'ROSY, noun [Gr. from, and to send.]

An expansion of a tendon in the manner of a membrane; the tendinous expansion or fascia of muscles; the tendon or tail of a muscle.

APONEU'ROSY, n. [Gr. from, and to send.]

APOPEMP'TIC, adjective [Gr. from, and a nerve.]

Denoting a song or hymn among the ancients, sung or addressed to a stranger, on his departure from a place to his own country. It may be used as a noun for the hymn.

APOPH'ASIS, noun [Gr. from, and form of speech.]

In rhetoric, a waving or omission of what one, speaking ironically, would plainly insinuate; as, 'I will not mention another argument, which, however, if I should, you could not refute.'

APOPHLEGMAT'IC, adjective [Gr. from, and phlegm.]

Masticatory; having the quality of exciting discharges of phlegm from the mouth or nostrils.

APOPHLEGMAT'IC, noun A masticatory; a medicine which excites discharges of phlegm from the mouth or nostrils.

APOPHLEG'MATISM, noun An apophlegmatic.

APOPHLEGMAT'IZANT, noun An apophlegmatic.

AP'OPHTHEGM,

APOPH'YGE,

APOPH'YGY, noun [Gr. from, and flight.]

1. In architecture, the part of a column, where it springs out of its base; originally a ring or ferrel to bind the extremities of columns, and keep them from splitting; afterwards imitated in stone pillars. It is sometimes called the spring of the column.

2. A concave part or ring of a column, lying above or below the flat member.

APOPH'YLLITE, noun [Gr. from, and a leaf; so called because of its tendency to exfoliate.]

A mineral occurring in laminated masses or in regular prismatic crystals, having a strong and peculiar pearly luster. Its structure is foliated, and when a fragment is forcibly rubbed against a hard body, it separates into thin lamens, like selenite. It exfoliates also before the flame of a lamp. From its peculiar luster, it is sometimes called by the harsh name, ichthyophthalmite, fish-eye stone.

APOPH'YSIS,

APOPH'YSY, noun [Gr. from, and growth.]

The projecting soft end or protuberance of a bone; a process of a bone.

APOPLEC'TIC,

APOPLEC'TICAL, adjective [See apoplexy.] Pertaining to or consisting in apoplexy, as an apoplectic fit; or predisposed to apoplexy, as an apoplectic habit of body.

APOPLEC'TIC, noun A person affected by apoplexy.

APOPLEC'TICAL, a. [See apoplexy.] Pertaining to or consisting in apoplexy, as an apoplectic fit; or predisposed to apoplexy, as an apoplectic habit of body.

AP'OPLEXED, adjective Affected with apoplexy.

AP'OPLEXY, noun [Gr. from, to strike.]

A sudden deprivation of all sense and voluntary motion, occasioned by repletion or whatever interrupts the action of the nerves upon the muscles.

Dryden, for the sake of measure, uses apoplex, for apoplexy

APO'RIA, noun [Gr. from a way or passage.]

1. In rhetoric, a doubting or being at a loss where to begin, or what to say, on account of the variety of matter.

2. In the medical art, febrile anxiety; uneasiness; restlessness, from obstructed perspiration, or the stoppage of any natural secretion.

AP'ORIME, noun [See Apory.] A problem difficult to be resolved.

AP'ORON,

AP'ORY,

APOSIOPE'SIS,

APOSIO'PESY, noun [Gr. of to be silent.]

Reticence or suppression; as when a speaker for some cause, as fear, sorrow, or anger, suddenly breaks off his discourse, before it is ended; or speaks of a thing, when he makes a show as if he would say nothing on the subject; or aggravates what he pretends to conceal, by uttering a part and leaving the remainder to be understood.

AP'ORY, noun [Gr. from a way or passage.]

1. In rhetoric, a doubting or being at a loss where to begin, or what to say, on account of the variety of matter.

2. In the medical art, febrile anxiety; uneasiness; restlessness, from obstructed perspiration, or the stoppage of any natural secretion.

APOS'TASY, noun [Gr. a defection, to depart.]

1. An abandonment of what one has professed; a total desertion, or departure from one's faith or religion.

2. The desertion from a party to which one has adhered.

3. Among physicians, the throwing off of exfoliated or fractured bone, or the various solution of disease.

4. An abscess.

APOS'TATE, noun [Gr.]

One who has forsaken the church, sect or profession to which he before adhered. In its original sense, applied to one who has abandoned his religion; but correctly applied also to one who abandons a political or other party.

APOS'TATE, adjective False; traitorous.

APOSTAT'ICAL, adjective After the manner of an apostate.

APOS'TATIZE, verb intransitive To abandon one's profession or church; to forsake principles or faith which one has professed; or the party to which one has been attached.

APOS'TATIZING, participle present tense Abandoning a church, profession, sect or party.

APOS'TEMATE, verb intransitive To form into an abscess; to swell and fill with pus.

APOSTEMA'TION, noun The formation of an aposteme; the process of gathering into an abscess; written corruptly imposthumation.

APOSTEM'ATOUS, adjective Pertaining to an abscess; partaking of the nature of an aposteme.

AP'OSTEME, noun [Gr. from to go off, to recede; and to stand.]

An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter; written also corruptly imposthume.

APOS'TLE, noun [Latin apostalus; Gr. to send away, to sent.]

A person deputed to execute some important business; but appropriately, a disciple of Christ commissioned to preach the gospel. Twelve persons were selected by Christ for this purpose; and Judas, one of the number, proving an apostate, his place was supplied by Matthias. Acts 1:2.

The title of apostle is applied to Christ himself, Hebrews 3:1. In the primitive ages of the church, other ministers were called apostles, Romans 16:7; as were persons sent to carry alms from one church to another, Philippians 2:1. This title was also given to persons who first planted the Christian faith. Thus Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France; and the Jesuit Missionaries are called apostles.

Among the Jews, the title was given to officers who were sent into distant provinces, as visitors or commissioners, to see the laws observed.

Apostle, in the Greek liturgy, is a book contained the epistles of St. Paul, printed in the order in which they are to be read in churches, through the year.

APOS'TOLATE, noun A mission; the dignity or office of an apostle. Ancient writers use it for the office of a bishop; but it is now restricted to the dignity of the pope, whose see is call the Apostolic See.

APOSTOL'IC

APOSTOL'ICAL, adjective

1. Pertaining or relating to the apostles, as the apostolic age.

2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as apostolic faith or practice.

Apostolic constitutions, a collection of regulations attributed to the apostles, but generally supposed to be spurious. They appeared in the 4th century; are divided into eight books, and consist of rules and precepts relating to the duties of christians, and particularly, the ceremonies and discipline of the church.

Apostolic Fathers, an appellation given to the christian writers of the first century.

APOSTOL'ICAL, a.

APOSTOL'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of the apostles.

APOSTOL'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being apostolical, or according to the doctrines of the apostles.

APOSTOL'ICS, noun Certain sects so called from their pretending to imitate the practice of the apostles, abstaining from marriage, from wine, flesh, pecuniary reward etc., and wandering about clothed in white, with long beards, and bare heads. Sagarelli, the founder of one of these sects, was burnt at Parma in 1300.

APOS'TROPHE,

APOS'TROPHIC, adjective Pertaining to an apostrophe noting the contraction of a word.

APOS'TROPHIC, a. Pertaining to an apostrophe, noting the contraction of a word.

APOS'TROPHIZE, verb intransitive or t.

1. To make an apostrophe, or short detached address in speaking; to address by apostrophy.

2. verb transitive To contract a word by omitting a letter or letters.

3. To mark with a comma, indicating the omission of a letter.

APOS'TROPHIZED, participle passive Addressed by way of digression; contracted by the omission of a letter or letters; marked by an apostrophy.

APOS'TROPHIZING, participle present tense Addressing in a digression; contracting or marking by apostrophy.

APOS'TROPHY, noun [Gr. from and a turning.]

1. In rhetoric, a diversion of speech; a digressive address; a changing the course of a speech, and addressing a person who is dead or absent, as if present; or a short address introduced into a discourse, directed to some person, different from the party to which the main discourse is directed; as when an advocate, in an argument to the jury, turns and addresses a few remarks to the court.

2. In grammar, the contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by a comma, as call'd for called. The comma used for this purpose may also be called an apostrophe.

AP'OSTUME, noun An aposteme, which see.

APOTAC'TITE, noun [Gr. from to renounce; to ordain.]

One of a sect of ancient christians, who, in imitation of the first believers, renounced all their effects and possessions.

APOTH'ECARY, noun [Latin and Gr. apotheca, a repository, from to deposit or lay aside, or from a chest.]

1. One who practices pharmacy; one who prepares drugs for medicinal uses, and keeps them for sale. In England, apothecaries are obliged to prepare medicines according to the formulas prescribed by the college of physicians, and are liable to have their shops visited by the censors of the college, who have power to destroy medicines which are not good.

2. In the middle ages, an apothecary was the keeper of any shop or warehouse; and an officer appointed to take charge of a magazine.

AP'OTHEGM,

AP'OTHEM, noun [See Apophthegm.]

A remarkable saying; a short, instructive remark.

APOTHEGMAT'IC,

APOTHEGMAT'ICAL, adjective In the manner of an apothem.

APOTHEGMAT'ICAL, a. In the manner of an apothem.

APOTHEG'MATIST, noun A collector or maker of apothems.

APOTHEG'MATIZE, verb transitive To utter apothems or short instructive sentences.

AP'OTHEM, noun [Gr. from, and word. It would be eligible to reduce this harsh word to apothem ]

A remarkable saying; a short, sententious, instructive remark, uttered on a particular occasion, or by a distinguished character; as that of Cyrus, 'He is unworthy to be a magistrate, who is not better than his subjects; ' or that of Cato, men by doing nothing, soon learn to do mischief.

AP'OTHEME, noun [See Apothecary.]

In Russia, an apothecary's shop, or a shop for the preparation and sale of medicines.

APOTHE'OSIS, noun [Gr. of God.]

Deification; consecration; the act of placing a prince or other distinguished person among the heathen deities. This honor was often bestowed on illustrious men in Rome, and followed by the erection of temples, and the institution of sacrifices to the new deity.

APOTH'ESIS, noun [Gr. to put back.]

1. The reduction of a dislocated bone.

2. A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments, etc.

APOT'OME,

APOT'OMY, noun [Gr. to cut off.]

1. In mathematics, the difference between two incommensurable quantities.

2. In music, that portion of a tone major which remains after deducting from it an interval, less by a comma, than a semitone major.

The difference between a greater and lesser semitone, expressed by the ratio 128; 125. The Greeks supposing the greater tone could not be divided into two equal parts, called the difference, or smaller part, apotome; the other, limma.

APOT'OMY, n. [Gr. to cut off.]

APOTREP'SIS, noun [Gr. to turn.] The resolution of a suppurating tumor.

AP'OTROPY, noun [Gr. to turn.]

In ancient poetry, a verse or hymn composed for averting the wrath of incensed deities. The deities invoked were called apotropeans.

AP'OZEM, noun [Gr. to boil.]

A decoction, in which the medicinal substances of plants are extracted by boiling.

APOZEM'ICAL, adjective Like a decoction.

APPA'IR, verb transitive To impair. [Not in use.]

APPA'IR, verb intransitive To degenerate. [Not in use.]

APPALL', verb transitive [Latin palleo, to become pale. See Pale.]

1. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear, in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; as, the sight appalled the stoutest heart.

2. To reduce, allay or destroy; as, to appall thirst. [Unusual.]

APPALL', verb intransitive To grow faint; to be dismayed.

APPALL'ED, participle passive Depressed or disheartened with fear; reduced.

APPALL'ING, participle present tense Depressing occasioned by fear; discouragement.

APPALL'MENT, noun Depression occasioned by fear; discouragement.

AP'PANAGE, noun

1. Lands appropriated by a prince to the maintenance of his younger sons, as their patrimony; but on condition of the failure of male offspring, they were to revert to the donor or his heir. From the appanage it was customary for the sons to take their surnames.

2. Sustenance; means of nourishing.

Wealth - the appanage of wit.

APPARA'TUS, noun plural apparatuses. [Latin from apparo, to prepare, of ad and par.]

1. Things provided as means to some end; as the tools of an artisan; the furniture of a house; instruments of war. In more technical language, a complete set of instruments or utensils, for performing any operation.

2. In surgery, the operation of cutting for the stone, of three kinds, the small, the great, and the high.

Apparatus is also used as the title of several books, in the form of catalogues, bibliothecas, glossaries, dictionaries, etc.

APPAR'EL, noun [Latin paro, apparo, to prepare; Heb. bara]

1. Clothing; vesture; garments; dress.

2. External habiliments or decorations; appearance; as, religion appears in the natural apparel of simplicity.

Glorious in apparel Isaiah 63:1.

3. The furniture of a ship, as sails, rigging, anchors, etc.

APPAR'EL, verb transitive

1. To dress or clothe.

They who are gorgeously appareled are in kings court.

Luke 7:25.

2. To adorn with dress.

She did apparel her apparel

3. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something ornamental; to cover, as with garments; as, trees appareled with flowers; or a garden with verdure.

4. To furnish with external apparatus; as ships appareled for sea.

APPAR'ELED, participle passive Dressed; clothed; covered as with dress; furnished.

APPAR'ELING, participle present tense Dressing; clothing; covering as with dress; furnishing.

APPA'RENCE,

APPA'RENCY, noun Appearance. [Not in use.]

APPA'RENCY, n. Appearance. [Not in use.]

APPA'RENT, adjective [See Appear.]

1. That may be seen, or easily seen; visible to the eye; within sight or view.

2. Obvious; plain; evident; indubitable; as, the wisdom of the creator is apparent in his works.

3. Visible, in opposition to hid or secret; as, a man's apparent conduct is good.

4. Visible; appearing to the eye; seeming, in distinction from true or real, as the apparent motion or diameter of the sun.

Heirs apparent are those whose right to an estate is indefeasible, if they survive the ancestor; in distinction from presumptive heirs, who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would inherit, but whose right is liable to be defeated by the birth of their children.

APPA'RENTLY, adverb

1. Openly; evidently; as, the goodness of God is apparently manifest in his works of providence.

2. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be apparently friendly, yet malicious in heart.

APPARI'TION, noun [See Appear.]

1. In a general sense, an appearance; visibility. [Little used.]

2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a form.

3. A ghost; a specter; a visible spirit. [This is now the usual sense of the word.]

4. Mere appearance, opposed to reality.

APPAR'ITOR, noun [Latin apparo, to prepare, or appareo, to attend.]

Among the Romans, any officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders. In England, a messenger or officer who serves the process of a spiritual court, or a beadle in the university who carries the mace.

APPA'Y, verb transitive To satisfy. obsolete [See Pay.]

APPE'ACH, verb transitive To accuse; to censure, or reproach. obsolete [See Impeach.]

APPE'ACHMENT, noun Accusation; charge exhibited. obsolete

APPE'AL, verb intransitive [Latin apello; ad and pello, to drive or send; Gr. We do not see the sense of call in pello, but to drive or press out, is the radical sense of calling, naming. This word coincides in elements with Latin balo, Eng. bawl, and peal.]

1. To refer to a superior judge or court, for the decision of a cause depending, or the revision of a cause decided in a lower court.

I appeal to Cesar. Acts 21:1.

2. To refer to another for the decision of a question controverted, or the counteraction of testimony or facts; as, I appeal to all mankind for the truth of what is alleged.

APPE'AL, verb transitive To call or remove a cause from an inferior to a superior judge or court. This may be done after trial and judgment in the lower court; or by special statute or agreement, a party may appeal before trial, upon a fictitious issue and judgment. We say the cause was appealed before or after trial.

APPE'AL, verb transitive In crimianal law, to charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a criminal prosecution, for some hainous offense; as, to appeal a person of felony. This process was anciently given to a private person to recover the weregild, or private pecuniary satisfaction for an injury he had received by the murder of a relation, or by some personal injury.

APPE'AL, noun

1. The removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior tribunal, as from a common pleas court to a superior or supreme court. Also the right of appeal

2. An accusation; a process instituted by a private person against a man for some hainous crime by which he has been injured, as for murder, larceny, mayhem.

3. A summons to answer to a charge.

4. A call upon a person; a reference to another for proof or decision.

In an oath, a person makes an appeal to the Deity for the truth of his declaration.

5. Resort; recourse.

Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an appeal to arms.

APPE'ALABLE,

1. That may be appealed; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision; as, the cause is appealable

2. That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; applied to persons; as, a criminal is appealable for manslaughter.

APPE'ALANT, noun One who appeals. [Not used.]

APPE'ALED, participle passive Removed to a higher court, as a cause; prosecuted for a crime by a private person, as a criminal.

APPE'ALER, noun One who appeals; an appellor.

APPE'ALING, participle present tense Removing a cause to a higher tribunal; prosecuting as a private person for an offense; referring to another for a decision.

APPE'AR, verb intransitive [Latin appareo, of ad and pareo, to appear or be manifest.]

1. To come or be in sight; to be in view; to be visible.

The leprosy appeareth in the skin of the flesh. Leviticus 13:57.

And God said, Let the dry land appear Genesis 1:9.

2. To become visible to the eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind; a sense frequent in scripture.

The Lord appeared to Abram, and said. Genesis 1:92.

The angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the midst of the bush. Exodus 3:2.

3. To stand in presence of, as parties or advocates before a court, or as persons to be tried. The defendant, being called, did not appear

We must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ. 2 Corinthians 5:10.

4. To be obvious; to be known, as a subject of observation or comprehension.

Let thy work appear to thy servant. Psalms 90:16.

It doth not yet appear what we shall be. 1 John 3:2.

5. To be clear or made clear by evidence; as, this fact appears by ancient records.

But sin that it might appear sin. Romans 7:13.

6. To seem, in opposition to reality.

They disfigure their faces, that they may appear to men to fast. Matthew 6:16.

7. To be discovered, or laid open.

That they shame may appear Jeremiah 13:26.

APPE'AR, noun Appearance. obsolete

APPE'ARANCE, noun

1. The act of coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me.

2. The thing seen; a phenomenon; as an appearance in the sky.

3. Semblance; apparent likeness.

There was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire. Numbers 9:15.

4. External show; semblance assumed, in opposition to reality or substance; as, we are often deceived by appearances; he has the appearance of virtue.

For man looketh on the outward appearance 1 Samuel 16:7

5. Personal presence; exhibition of the person; as, he made his first appearance at court or on the stage.

6. Exhibition of the character; introduction of a person to the public in a particular character, as a person makes his appearance in the world, as a historian, an artist, or an orator.

7. Probability; likelihood. This sense is rather an inference from the third or fourth; as probability is inferred from external semblance or show.

8. Presence; mien; figure; as presented by the person, dress or manners; as, the lady made a noble appearance

9. A being present in court; a defendant's filing common or special bail to a process.

10. An apparition.

APPE'ARER, noun The person that appears.

APPE'ARING, participle present tense Coming in sight; becoming evident; making an external show; seeming; having the semblance.

APPE'ARING, noun The act of becoming visible; appearance.

APPE'ASABLE, adjective That may be appeased, quieted, calmed, or pacified.

APPE'ASABLENESS, noun The quality of being appeasable.

APPE'ASE, verb transitive s as z. [Latin pax. See Peace.]

To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to still; to pacify; as, to appease the tumult of the ocean or of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst.

[This word is of a general application to every thing in a disturbed, ruffled or agitated state.]

APPE'ASED, participle passive Quieted; calmed; stilled; pacified.

APPE'ASEMENT, noun The act of appeasing; the state of being in peace.

APPE'ASER, noun One who appeases, or pacifies.

APPE'ASIVE, adjective Having the power to appease; mitigating; quieting.

APPEL'LANT, noun [See Appeal.]

1. One who appeals, or removes a cause from a lower to a higher tribunal.

2. One who prosecutes another for a crime.

3. One who challenges, or summons another to single combat.

4. In church history, one who appeals from the Constitution Unigenitus to a general council.

APPEL'LATE, noun A person appealed, or prosecuted for a crime. [Not now used. See Appellee.]

APPEL'LATE, adjective Pertaining to appeals; having cognizance of appeals; as 'appellate jurisdiction.'

APPELLA'TION, noun [Latin appellatio. See Appeal.]

Name; the word by which a thing is called and known. Spenser uses it for appeal.

APPEL'LATIVE, adjective Pertaining to a common name; noting the common name of a species.

APPEL'LATIVE, noun A common name in distinction from a proper name. A common name or appelative stands for a whole class, genus or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus man is the name of the whole human race, and fowl of all winged animals. Tree is the name of all plants of a particular class; plant and vegetable are names of things that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a single thing, as, London, Philadelphia, Washington, Boston.

APPEL'LATIVELY, adverb According to the manner of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or species; as, Hercules is sometimes used appellatively that is, as a common name to signify a strong man.

APPEL'LATORY, adjective Containing an appeal.

APPELLEE', noun

1. The defendant in an appeal.

2. The person who is appealed, or prosecuted by a private man for a crime.

APPELLOR', noun The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a crime.

This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff in appeal from a lower court, who is called the appellant. Appellee is opposed both to appellant and appellor

APPEND', verb transitive [Latin appendo, of ad and pendeo, to hand.]

1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended; as, a seal appended to a record.

2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing.

APPEND'AGE noun Something added to a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house.

Modesty is the appendage of sobriety.

APPEND'ANCE,

APPEND'ANT, adjective

1. hanging to; annexed; belonging to something; attached; as, a seal appendant to a paper.

2. In law, common appendant, is a right belonging to the owners or occupiers of land, to put commonably beasts upon the lord's waste, and upon the lands of other persons within the same manor. An advowson appendant, is the right of patronage or presentation, annexed to the possession of a manor. So also a common of fishing may be appendant to a freehold.

APPEND'ANT, noun That which belongs to another thing, as incidental or subordinate to it.

APPEND'ANT, a.

APPEND'ANT, n. That which belongs to another thing, as incidental or subordinate to it.

APPEND'ED, participle passive Annexed; attached.

APPEND'ENCE, noun Something annexed. [Not used.]

APPEND'ICATE, verb transitive To append; to add to. obsolete

APPENDICA'TION, noun An appendage or adjunct. obsolete

APPEND'ICLE, noun A small appendage.

APPEND'ING, noun That which is by right annexed.

APPEND'IX, noun plural appendixes. [Latin The Latin plural is appendices. See Append.]

1. something appended or added.

Normandy became an appendix to England.

2. An adjunct, concomitant, or appendage.

3. More generally, a supplement or short treatise added to a book.

APPERCEP'TION, noun [ad and perception.]

Perception that reflects upon itself; consciousness.

APPERCE'TIVE, verb transitive To comprehend. obsolete

APPER'IL, noun Peril; danger, [Not in use.]

APPERTA'IN, verb intransitive [Latin ad and pertineo, to pertain, of per and teneo, to hold. Pertineo is to reach to, to extend to, hence to belong. See Tenant.]

To belong, whether by right, nature or appointment.

Give it to him to whom it appertaineth. Leviticus 6:5.

[See Pertain.]

APPERTA'INING, participle passive Belonging.

APPERTA'INMENT, noun That which belongs.

APPER'TENENCE, noun [See Appurtenance.]

APPER'TINENT, adjective Belonging; now written appurtenant.

APPER'TINENT, noun That which belongs to something else. obsolete [See Appurtenance.]

AP'PETENCE,

AP'PETENCY, noun [Latin appetentia, appetens, from appeto, to desire; of ad and peto, to ask, supplicate or seek, compound. Eng. bid. The primary sense is to strain, to urge or press, or to advance. See Bid.]

1. In a general sense, desire; but especially, carnal desire; sensual appetite.

2.The disposition of organized bodies to select and imbibe such portions of matter as serve to support and nourish them, or such particles as are designed, through their agency, to carry on the animal or vegetable economy.

These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or appetency, they absorb such part of the fluid as is agreeable to their palate.

3. An inclination or propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim.

4. According to Darwin, animal appetency is synonymous with irritability or sensibility; as the appetency of the eye for light, of the pops to secrete milk, etc.

5. Attraction, or the tendency in bodies to move toward each other and unite.

AP'PETENCY, n. [L. appetentia, appetens, from appeto, to desire; of ad and peto, to ask, supplicate or seek, compound. Eng. bid. The primary sense is to strain, to urge or press, or to advance. See Bid.]

AP'PETENT, adjective Desiring; very desirous.

APPETIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being desirable for gratification.

AP'PETIBLE, adjective [Low Latin appetibilis, from appeto. Desirable; that may be the object of sensual desire.

AP'PETITE, noun [Latin appetitus, from appeto. See Appetence.]

1. The natural desire of pleasure or good; the desire of gratification, either of the body or of the mind. Appetites are passions directed to general objects, as the appetite for fame, glory or riches; in distinction from passions directed to some particular objects, which retain their proper name, as the passion of love, envy or gratitude. Passion does not exist without an object; natural appetites exist first, and are then directed to objects.

2. A desire of food or drink; a painful sensation occasioned by hunger or thirst.

3. Strong desire; eagerness or longing.

4. The thing desired.

Power being the natural appetite of princes.

Appetites are natural or artificial. Hunger and thirst are natural appetites; the appetites for olives, tobacco, snuff, etc. are artificial.

In old authors, appetite is followed by to, but regularly it should be followed by for before the object, as an appetite for pleasure.

To be given to appetite is to be voracious or gluttonous. Proverbs 23:2.

APPETI'TION, noun [Latin appetitio.] Desire. [Rarely used.]

AP'PETITIVE, adjective That desires; that has the quality of desiring gratification; as appetitive power or faculty.

AP'PIAN, adjective Designating something that belongs to Appius, particularly a way from Rome through Capua to Brundusium, now Brindisi, constructed by Appius Claudius adjective R. 441. It is more than 330 miles in length, formed of hard stone squared, and so wide as to admit two carriages abreast.

APPLAUD', verb transitive [Latin applaudo; ad and plaudo, to make a noise by clapping the hands; Eng. loud.]

1. To praise by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign.

2. To praise by words, actions or other means; to express approbation of; to commend; used in a general sense.

APPLAUD'ED, participle passive Praised by acclamation, or other means; commended.

APPLAUD'ER, noun One who praises or commends.

APPLAUD'ING, participle present tense praising by acclamation; commending.

APPLAUSE', noun s as z. [Latin applausus.]

A shout of approbation; approbation and praise, expressed by clapping the hands, acclamation or huzzas; approbation expressed. in antiquity, applause differed from acclamation; applause was expressed by the hands, and acclamation by the voice. There were three species of applause the bombus, a confused din made by the hands or mouth; the imbrices and testae, made by beating a sort of sounding vessels in the theaters. Persons were appointed for the purpose of applauding, and masters were employed to teach the art. The applauds were divided into choruses, and placed opposite to each other, like the choristers in a cathedral.

APPLAU'SIVE, adjective Applauding; containing applause.

AP'PLE, noun

1. The fruit of the apple tree, [pyrus malus, ] from which cider is made.

2. The apple of the eye is the pupil.

Apple of love, or love apple the tomato, or lycopersicum, a species of Solanum. The stalk is herbaceous, with oval, pinnated leaves, and small yellow flowers. The berry is smooth, soft, of a yellow or reddish color, of the size of a plum. It is used in soups and broths.

AP'PLE, verb transitive To form like an apple

APPLI'ABLE, adjective [See Apply.] That may be applied. This word is superseded by applicable.

APPLI'ANCE, noun The act of applying, or thing applied. obsolete

APPLICABIL'ITY, noun [See Apply.] The quality of being applicable, or fit to be applied.

AP'PLICABLE, adjective That may be applied; fit to be applied, as related to a thing; that may have relation to something else; as, this observation is applicable to the case under consideration.

AP'PLICABLENESS, noun Fitness to be applied; the quality of being applicable.

AP'PLICABLY, adverb In such a manner that it may be applied.

AP'PLICANT, noun One who applies; one who makes request; a petitioner.

The applicant for a cup of water declares himself to be the Messias.

The court require the applicant to appear in person.

AP'PLICATE, noun A right line drawn across a curve, so as to be bisected by the diameter; an ordinate.

APPLICA'TION, noun [Latin applicatio. See Apply.]

1. The act of laying on; as the application of emollients to a diseased limb.

2. The thing applied; as, the pain was abated by the application

3. The act of making request or soliciting; as, he made application to a court of chancery.

4. The act of applying as means; the employment of means; as, children may be governed by a suitable application of rewards and punishments. This is the first signification directed to moral objects.

5. The act of fixing the mind; intenseness of thought; close study; attention; as, to injure the health by application to study.

Had his application been equal to his talents, his progress might have been greater.

6. The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate the agreement or disagreement; as, I make the remark and leave you to make the application

7. In theology, the act by which the merits of Christ are transferred to man, for his justification.

8. In geometry, a division for applying one quantity to another, whose areas, but not figures, shall be the same; or the transferring a given line into a circle or other figure, so that its ends shall be in the perimeter of the figure.

9. In sermons, that part of the discourse, in which the principles before laid down and illustrated, are applied to practical uses.

AP'PLICATIVE, adjective That applies.

AP'PLICATORY, adjective That includes the act of applying.

AP'PLICATORY, noun That which applies.

APPLI'ED, participle passive Put on; put to: directed; employed.

APPLI'EDLY, adverb In a manner which may be applied. [Not in use.]

APPLI'ER, noun One that applies.

APPLI'MENT, noun Application. [Not in use.]

APPLY', verb transitive [Latin applico, of ad and plico, to fold or knit together; Gr. to knit, or twist; Eng. ply, display, and employ.]

1. To lay on; to put one thing to another; as, to apply the hand to the breast; to apply medicaments to a diseased part of the body.

2. To use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; as, to apply a sum of money to the payment of a debt.

3. To put, refer or use, as suitable or relative to something; as, to apply the testimony to the case.

4. To fix the mind; to engage and employ with attention; as, apply thy heart to instruction.

5. To address or direct; as, 'Sacred vows applied to Pluto.'

6. To betake; to give the chief part of time and attention; as, to apply one's self to the study of botany. This is essentially the fourth sense.

7. To make application; to have recourse by request; as, to apply one's self to a counsellor for advice. This is generally used intransitively; as, to apply to a counsellor.

8. To busy; to keep at work; to ply. obsolete

[Superseded by ply, which see.]

APPLY' verb intransitive

1. To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement or analogy; as, this argument applies well to the case.

2. To make request; to solicit; to have recourse, with a view to gain something; as, to apply to the president for an office; I applied to a friend for information.

APPLY'ING, participle present tense Laying on; making application.

APPOINT', verb transitive

1. To fix; to settle; to establish; to make fast.

When he appointed the foundations of the earth. Proverbs 8:29.

2. To constitute, ordain, or fix by decree, order or decision.

Let Pharoah appoint officers over the land. Genesis 41:34.

He hath appointed a day in which he will judge the world. Acts 17:26.

3. To allot, assign or designate.

Aaron and his sons shall appoint every one to his service. Numbers 4:19.

These cities were appointed for all the children of Israel. Joshua 20:2.

4. To purpose or resolve; to fix the intention.

For so he had appointed. Acts 20:13.

5. To ordain, command or order.

Thy servants are ready to do whatever my Lord the King shall appoint 2 Samuel 15:15.

6. To settle; to fix, name or determine by agreement; as, they appointed a time and place for the meeting.

APPOINT'ABLE, adjective That may be appointed or constituted; as, officers are appointable by the Executive.

APPOINT'ED, participle passive

1. Fixed; set; established; decreed; ordained; constituted; allotted.

2. Furnished; equipped with things necessary; as, a ship or an army is well appointed

APPOINTEE', noun

1. A person appointed. 'The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay the appointee '

2. A foot soldier in the French army, who, for long service and bravery, received more pay than other privates.

APPOINT'ER, noun One who appoints.

APPOINT'ING, participle present tense Setting; fixing; ordaining; constituting; assigning.

APPOINT'MENT, noun

1. The act of appointing; designation to office; as, he erred by the appointment of suitable men.

2. Stipulation; assignation; the act of fixing by mutual agreement; as, they made an appointment to meet at six o'clock.

3. Decree; established order or constitution; as, it is our duty to submit to the divine appointments.

4. Direction; order; command.

Wheat, salt, wine and oil, let it be given according to the appointment of the priests. Ezekiel 6:1.

5. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship, or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management.

6. An allowance to a person; a salary or pension, as to a public officer.

An appointment differs from wages, in being a special grant, or gratification, not fixed, whereas wages are fixed and ordinary.

7. A devise or grant to a charitable use.

APPO'RTER, noun [Latin porto.] A bringer in; one that brings into the country. [Not in use.]

APPO'RTION, verb transitive [Latin ad and portio, portion. See Portion and Part.]

To divide and assign in just proportion; to distribute among two or more, a just part or share to each; as, to apportion undivided rights; to apportion time among various employments.

APPO'RTIONED, Divided; set out or assigned in suitable parts or shares.

APPO'RTIONER, noun One that apportions.

APPO'RTIONING, participle present tense Setting out in just proportions or shares.

APPO'RTIONMENT, noun The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a dividing and assigning to each proprietor his just portion of an undivided right or property.

APPO'SE, verb transitive s as z. [Latin appono. See Apposite.]

1. To put questions; to examine. [See Post.]

2. To apply.

APPO'SER, noun An examiner; one whose business is to put questions. In the English Court of Exchequer there is an officer called the foreign apposer This is ordinarily pronounced poser.

AP'POSITE, adjective s as z. [Latin appositus, set or put to, from appono, of ad and pono, to put or place.]

Suitable; fit; very applicable; well adapted; followed by to; as, this argument is very opposite to the case.

AP'POSITELY, adverb Suitably; fitly; properly.

AP'POSITENESS, noun Fitness; propriety; suitableness.

APPOSI'TION, noun

1. The act of adding to; addition; a setting to.

By the opposition of new matter.

2. In Grammar, the placing of two nouns, in the same case, without a connecting word between them, as, I admire Cicero, the orator. In this case, the second noun explains or characterizes the first.

APPRA'ISE, verb transitive [Latin ad and pretium, price. See Price and Appreciate.]

This word is written and often pronounced after the French and Italian manner. But generally it is pronounced more correctly apprize, directly from the Eng. price or prize. [See Apprize.]

To set a value; to estimate the worth, particularly by persons appointed for the purpose.

APPRA'ISEMENT, noun The act of setting the value; a valuation. [See Appreciate.]

APPRA'ISER, noun One who values; appropriately a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix the value of goods and estate. [See Apprizer.]

APPRE'CIABLE, adjective apprishable. [See Appreciate.]

1. That may be appreciated; valuable.

2. That may be estimated; capable of being duly estimated.

APPRE'CIATE, verb transitive apprishate. [Latin ad and pretium, value, price. See Price.]

1. To value; to set a price or value on; to estimate; as, we seldom sufficiently appreciate the advantages we enjoy.

2. To raise the value of.

Lest a sudden peace should appreciate the money.

APPRE'CIATE, verb intransitive To rise in value; to become of more value; as, the coin of the country appreciates; public securities appreciated, when the debt was funded.

APPRE'CIATED, participle passive Valued; prized; estimated; advanced in value.

APPRE'CIATING, participle present tense Setting a value on; estimating; rising in value.

APPRECIA'TION, noun

1. A setting a value on; a just valuation or estimate of merit, weight, or any moral consideration.

2. A rising in value; increase of worth or value.

APPREHEND', verb transitive [Latin apprehendo, of ad and prehendo, to take or seize.]

1. To take or seize; to take hold of. In this literal sense, it is applied chiefly to taking or arresting persons by legal process, or with a view to trial; as to apprehend a thief.

2. To take with the understanding, that is, to conceive in the mine; to understand, without passing a judgment, or making an inference.

I apprehend not why so many and various laws are given.

3. To think; to believe or be of opinion, but without positive certainty; as, all this is true, but we apprehend it is not to the purpose.

Notwithstanding this declaration, we do not apprehend that we are guilty of presumption.

4. To fear; to entertain suspicion or fear of future evil; as, we apprehend calamities from a feeble or wicked administration.

APPREHEND'ED, participle passive Taken; seized; arrested; conceived; understood; feared.

APPREHEND'ER, noun One who takes; one who conceives in his mind; one who fears.

APPREHEND'ING, participle present tense Seizing; taking; conceiving; understanding; fearing.

APPREHEN'SIBLE, adjective That may be apprehended or conceived.

APPREHEN'SION, noun

1. The act of taking or arresting; as, the felon, after his apprehension escaped.

2. The mere contemplation of things without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment; the operation of the mind in contemplating ideas, without comparing them with others, or referring them to external objects; simple intellection.

3. An inadequate or imperfect idea, as when the word is applied to our knowledge of God.

4. Opinion; conception; sentiments. In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but insufficient to induce certainty.

To be false, and to be thought false, is all one, in respect of men, who act not according to truth, but apprehension

In our apprehension the facts prove the issue.

5. The faculty by which new ideas are conceived; as, a man of dull apprehension

6. Fear; suspicion; the prospect of future evil, accompanied with uneasiness of mind.

Claudius was in no small apprehension for his own life.

APPREHEN'SIVE, adjective

1. Quick to understand; as, an apprehensive scholar.

2. Fearful; in expectation of evil; as, we were apprehensive of fatal consequences.

[This is the usual sense of the word.]

3. Suspicious; inclined to believe; as, I am apprehensive he does not understand me.

4. Sensible; feeling; perceptive. [Rarely used.]

APPREHEN'SIVELY, adverb In an apprehensive manner.

APPREHEN'SIVENESS, noun The quality of being apprehensive; readiness to understand; fearfulness.

APPREN'TICE, noun [Latin apprehendo. See Apprehend.]

1. One who is bound by covenant to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn his art, mystery, or occupation, in which his master is bound to instruct him. Apprentices are regularly bound by indentures.

2. In old law books, a barrister; a learner of law.

APPREN'TICE, verb transitive To bind to, or put under the care of a master, for the purpose of instruction in the knowledge of a trade or business.

APPREN'TICEHOOD, noun Apprenticeship. [Not used.]

APPREN'TICESHIP, noun

1. The term for which an apprentice is bound to serve his master. This term in England is by statute seven years. In Paris, the term is five years; after which, the person, before he is qualified to exercise the trade as a master, must serve five years as a journeyman; during which term, he is called the companion of his master, and the term is called his companionship.

2. The service, state or condition of an apprentice; a state in which a person is gaining instruction under a master.

APPREN'TISAGE, noun Apprenticeship. [Not used.]

APPREST', [ad and pressed.]

In botany, pressed close; lying near the stem; or applying its upper surface to the stem.

APPRI'SE, verb transitive s as z. [See Apprehend.]

To inform; to give notice, verbal or written; followed by of; as, we will apprise the general of an intended attack; he apprised the commander of what he had done.

APPRI'SED, participle passive Informed; having notice or knowledge communicated.

APPRI'SING, participle present tense Informing; communicating notice to.

APPRI'ZE, verb transitive

To value; to set a value, in pursuance of authority. It is generally used for the act of valuing by men appointed for the purpose, under direction of law, or by agreement of parties; as, to apprize the goods and estate of a deceased person. The private act of valuing is ordinarily expressed by prize.

APPRI'ZED, participle passive Valued; having the worth fixed by authorized persons.

APPRI'ZEMENT, noun

1. The act of setting a value under some authority or appointment; a valuation.

2. The rate at which a thing is valued; the value fixed, or valuation; as, he purchased the article at the apprizement

APPRI'ZER, noun a person appoointed to rate, or set a value on articles. When apprizers act under the authority of law, they must be sworn.

APPRI'ZING, participle present tense Rating; setting a value under authority.

APPRI'ZING, noun The act of valuing under authority.

APPROACH, verb intransitive [The Latin proximus contains the root, but the word, in the positive degree, is not found in the Latin. It is from a root in class Brg, signifying to drive, move, or press toward.]

1. To come or go near, in place; to draw near; to advance nearer.

Wherefore approached ye so nigh the city? 2 Samuel 11:20.

2. To draw near in time.

And so much the more as ye see the day approac. Hebrews 10:1.

3. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to advance near to a point aimed at, in science, literature, government, morals, etc.; to approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman.

4. To draw near in duty, as in prayer or worship.

They take delight in approaching to God. Isiah. 51.

APPROACH, verb transitive

1. To come near to; as, Pope approaches Virgil in smoothness of versification. This use of the word is elliptical, to being omitted, so that the verb can hardly be said to be transitive. The old use of the word, as 'approach the hand to the handle, ' is not legitimate.

2. To have access carnally. Leviticus 18:6.

3. In gardening, to ingraft a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock.

APPROACH, n

1. The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near; as, he was aprised of the enemy's approach

2. Access; as, the approach to kings.

3. In fortification, not only the advances of an army are called approaches, but the works thrown up by the beseigers, to protect them in their advances towards a fortress.

APPROACHABLE, adjective That may be approached; accessible.

APPROACHER, noun One who approaches or draws near.

APPROACHING, participle present tense Drawing nearer; advancing nearer.

APPROACHMENT, noun The act of coming near. [Little used.]

AP'PROBATE, adjective [Latin approbatus.] Approved.

AP'PROBATE, verb transitive [Latin approbo, to approve, of ad and probo, to prove or approve. approbate is a modern word, but in common use in America. it differs from approve, denoting not only the act of the mind, but an expression of the act. See Proof, Approve and Prove.]

To express approbation of; to manifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction; to express approbation officially, as of one's fitness for a public trust.

Mr. Hutchison approbated the choice.

AP'PROBATED, participle passive Approved; commended.

AP'PROBATING, participle present tense Expressing approbation of.

APPROBA'TION, noun [Latin approbatio. See Proof and Prove.]

1. The act of approving; a liking; that state or disposition of the mind, in which we assent to the propriety of a thing, with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; as, the laws of God require our approbation

2. Attestation; support; that is, active approbation or action in favor of what is approved.

3. The commendation of a book licensed or permitted to be published by authority, as was formerly the case in England.

AP'PROBATIVE, adjective Approving; implying approbation.

AP'PROBATORY, adjective Comtaining approbation; expressing approbation.

APPROFF', noun Approval. [Not used.]

APPROMPT', Prompt. [Not used.]

APPRO'PERATE, verb transitive [Latin appropero.] To hasten. [Not used.]

APPROPIN'QUATE, verb intransitive ] Latin appropinquo.] To draw near. [Not used.]

APPROPINQUA'TION, noun A drawing night. [Not used.]

APPROPINQUE, verb intransitive To approach. [Not used.]

APPRO'PRIABLE, adjective [From appropriate.]

That may be appropriated; that may be set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use.

APPRO'PRIATE, verb transitive [Latin ad and proprius, private, peculiar. See Proper.]

1. To set apart for, or assign to a particular use, in exclusion of all other uses; as, a spot of ground is appropriated for a garden.

2. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right.

Let no man appropriate the use of a common benefit.

3. To make peculiar; as, to appropriate names to ideas.

4. To sever an ecclesiastical benefice, and annex it to a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living.

APPRO'PRIATE, adjective

1. Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; set apart for a particular use or person; as, religious worship is an appropriate duty to the Creator.

2. Most suitable, fit or proper; as, to use appropriate words in pleading.

APPRO'PRIATED, participle passive Assigned to a particular use; claimed or used exclusively; annexed to an ecclesiastical corporation.

APPRO'PRIATENESS, noun Peculiar fitness; the quality of being appropriate, or peculiarly suitable.

APPRO'PRIATING, participle present tense Assigning to a particular person or use; claiming or using exclusively; severing to the perpetual use of an ecclesiastical corporation.

APPROPRIA'TION, noun

1. The act of sequestering, or assigning to a particular use or person, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose; as, of a piece of ground for a park; of a right, to one's self; or of words, to ideas.

2. In law, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. For this purpose must be obtained the king's license, the consent of the bishop and of the patron. When the appropriation is thus made, the appropriator and his successors become perpetual parsons of the church, and must sue and be sued in that name.

APPRO'PRIATOR, noun

1. One who appropriates.

2. One who is possessed of an appropriated benefice.

APPRO'PRIETARY, noun A lay possessor of the profits of a benefice.

APPROV'ABLE, adjective [See Approve.]

That may be approved; that merits approbation.

APPROV'AL, noun Approbation. [See Approve.]

APPROV'ANCE, noun Approbation. [See Approve.]

APPROVE', verb transitive [Latin approbo; of ad and probo, to prove or approve See Approbate, Prove and Proof.]

1. To like; to be pleased with; to admit the propriety of; as, we approve the measures of administration. This word may include, with the assent of the mind to the propriety, a commendation to others.

2. To prove; to show to be true; to justify.

Would'st thou approve thy constancy? approve first thy wisdom.

[This sense, though common a century or two ago, is now rare.]

3. To experience; to prove by trial. [Not used. See Prove.]

4. To make or show to be worthy of approbation; to commend.

Jesus, a man approved of God. Acts 2:22.

This word seems to include the idea of Christ's real office as the Messiah, and of God's love and approbation of him in that character.

5. To like and sustain as right; to commend.

Yet their posterity approve their sayings. Psalms 49:13.

This word, when it signifies to be pleased, is often followed by of, in which use, it is intransitive; as, I approve of the measure. But the tendency of modern usage is to omit of. 'I approve the measure.'

6. To improve.

APPROV'ED, participle passive Liked; commended; shown or proved to be worthy of approbation; having the approbation and support of.

Study to show thyself approved to God. 2 Timothy 2:15.

Not he that commendeth himself is approved 2 Corinthians 10:18.

APPROVE'MENT, noun

1. Approbation; liking.

2. In law, when a person indicated for felony or treason, and arraigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and appeals or accuses his accomplices of the same crime, to obtain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called approvement and the person an approver.

3. Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry.

APPROV'ER, noun

1. One who approves. Formerly one who proves or makes trial.

2. In law, one who confesses a crime and accuses another. [See Approvement.] Also, formerly, one who had the letting of the king's domains in small manors. In Stat. 1. Edw. 3. C. 8, sheriffs are called approvers. A bailiff or steward of a manor.

APPROV'ING, participle present tense Liking; commending; giving or expressing approbation.

APPROV'ING, adjective Yielding approbation; as an approving conscience.

APPROX'IMANT, adjective Approaching. [Not used.]

APPROX'IMATE, adjective [Latin ad and proximus, next. See approach.]

Nearest to; next; near to. [This word is superseded by proximate.]

APPROX'IMATE, verb transitive To carry or advance near; to cause to approach.

To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature.

APPROX'IMATE, verb intransitive To come near; to approach.

APPROXIMA'TION, noun

1. Approach; a drawing, moving or advancing near.

2. In arithmetic and algebra, a continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to a root or other quantity, without being able perhaps ever to arrive at it.

3. In medicine, communication of disease by contact.

4. A mode of cure by transplanting a disease into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact.

APPROX'IMATIVE, adjective Approaching; that approaches.

APPULSE, noun appuls; . [Latin appulsus, of ad and pello, to drive.]

1. The act of striking against; as in all consonants there is an appulse of he organs.

2. In astronomy, the approach of any planet to a conjunction with the sun, or a star.

3. Arrival; landing.

APPUL'SION, noun The act of striking against by a moving body.

APPUL'SIVE, adjective Striking against; driving towards; as, the appulsive influence of the planets.

APPUR'TENANCE, noun so written for appertenance. See Appertain.]

That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage. Appropriately, such buildings, rights and improvements, as belong to land, are called the appurtenances; as small buildings are the appurtenances of a mansion.

APPUR'TENANT, adjective

1. Belonging to; pertaining to of right.

2. In law, common appurtenant is that which is annexed to land, and can be claimed only by prescription or immemorial usage, or a legal presumption of a special grant.

A'PRICATE, verb intransitive [Latin apricor.] To bask in the sun. [Little used.]

APRIC'ITY, noun Sunshine. [Little used.]

A'PRICOT, noun

A fruit belonging to the genus Prunus, of the plum kind, of an oval figure, and delicious taste.

A'PRIL, noun [Latin aprilis.] The fourth month of the year.

A'PRON, noun

1. A cloth or piece of leather worn on the forepart of the body, to keep the clothes clean, or defend them from injury.

2. The fat skin covering the belly of a goose.

3. In gunnery, a flat piece of lead that covers the vent of a cannon.

4. In ships, a piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel.

5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, on which the dock gates are shut.

6. A piece of lether or other thing to be spread before a person riding in a gig, chaise or sulky, to defend him from rain, snow or dust.

A'PRONED, adjective Wearing an apron.

AP'ROPOS, adverb ap'ropo.

1. Opportunely; seasonably.

2. By the way; to the purpose; a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration.

AP'SIS, noun plu apsides. [Gr. connection, from to connect.]

1. In astronomy, the apsides are the two points of a planet's orbit, which are at the greatest and least distance from the sun or earth; the most distant point is the aphelion, or apogee; the least distant, the perihelion or perigee. The line connecting these is called the line of the apsides.

2. apsis or absis is the arched roof of a house, room or oven; also the ring or compass of a wheel.

3. In ecclesiastical writers, an inner part of a church, where the altar was placed, and where the clergy sat, answering to the choir and standing opposite to the nave. Also, the bishop's seat or throne in ancient churches; called also exedra and tribune. This same name was given to a reliquary or case in which the relics of saints were kept.

APT, adjective [Latin aptus, from apto, to fit. Gr. to tie.]

1. Fit; suitable; as, he used very apt metaphors.

2. Having a tendency; liable; used of things; as, wheat on moist land is apt to blast or be winter-killed.

3. Inclined; disposed customarily; used of persons; as, men are too apt to slander others.

4. Ready; quick; used of the mental powers; as, a pupil apt to learn; an opt wit.

5. Qualified; fit.

All the men of might, strong and apt for war. 2 Kings 24:16.

APT, verb transitive To fit; to suit or adapt. obsolete

APT'ABLE, adjective That may be adapted. [Not used.]

AP'TATE, verb transitive To make fit. [Not used.]

AP'TER,

AP'TERA, noun [Gr. priv. and a wing.]

An insect without wings. The aptera, constituting the seventh order of insects in Linne's system, comprehend many genera. But later zoologists have made a very different distribution of these animals.

AP'TERA, n. [Gr. priv. and a wing.]

AP'TERAL, adjective [Supra.] Destitute of wings.

APT'ITUDE, noun [of aptus, apt.]

1. A natural or acquired disposition for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; as, oil has an aptitude to burn; men acquire an aptitude to particular vices.

2. Fitness; suitableness.

3. Aptness; readiness in learning; docility.

APT'LY, adverb In an apt or suitable manner; with just correspondence of parts; fitly; properly; justly; pertinently.

APT'NESS, noun

1. Fitness; suitableness; as, the aptness of things to their end.

2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the aptness of men to follow example.

3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility; as, an aptness to learn is more observable in some children than in others.

4. Tendency, in things; as, the aptness of iron to rust.

AP'TOTE, noun [Gr. priv, and case.]

In grammar, a noun which has no variation of termination, or distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.

AP'YREXY, noun [Gr. a priv., to be feverish, from fire.]

The absence or intermission of fever.

AP'YROUS, adjective [Gr. priv. and fire.]

Incombustible, or that sustains a strong heat without alteration of form or properties.

Apyrous bodies differ from those simply refractory. Refractory bodies cannot be fused by heat, but may be altered.