A'NA, aa, or adjective [Gr.]

In medical prescriptions, it signifies an equal quantity of the several ingredients; as, wine and honey, ana aa or a that is, of wine and honey each two ounces.

A'NA, as a termination, is annexed to the names of authors to denote a collection of their memorable sayings. Thus, Scaligerana, is a book contained the sayings of Scaliger. It was used by the Romans, as in Collectaneus, collected, gathered.

ANABAP'TISM, noun [See Anabaptist.] The doctrine of the Anabaptists.

ANABAP'TIST, noun [Gr. again, and a baptist.]

One who holds the doctrine of the baptism of adults, or of the invalidity of infant baptism, and the necessity of rebaptization in an adult age. One who maintains that baptism ought always to be performed by immersion.

ANABAPTIST'IC,

ANABAPTIST'ICAL, adjective Relating to the Anabaptists, or to their doctrines.

ANABAPTIST'ICAL, a. Relating to the Anabaptists, or to their doctrines.

ANABAP'TISTRY, noun The sect of Anabaptists.

ANABAPTI'ZE, verb transitive To rebaptize. [Not used.]

ANACA, noun A species of parakeet, about the size of a lark; the crown of the head is a dark red, the upper part of the neck, sides, back and wings are green.

ANACAMP'TIC, adjective [Gr. to bend.]

1. Reflecting or reflected; a word formerly applied to that part of optics, which treats of reflection; the same as what is now called catoptric. [See Catoptrics.]

2. anacamptic sounds, among the Greeks, were sounds produced by reflection, as in echoes; or such as proceeded downwards from acute to grave.

ANACAMP'TICS, noun The doctrine of reflected light. [See Catoptrics.]

ANACAR'DIUM, noun The cashew-nut, or marking nut, which produces a thickish, red, caustic, inflammable liquor, which, when used in marking, turns black, and is very durable.

ANACATHAR'TIC, adjective [Gr. upward and a purging. See Cathartic.]

Throwing upwards; cleansing by exciting vomiting, expectoration, etc.

ANACATHAR'TIC, noun A medicine which excites discharges by the mouth, or nose, as expectorants, emetics, sternutatories and masticatories.

ANACHORET. [See anchoret.]

ANACH'RONISM, noun [Gr. time.]

An error in computing time; any error in chronology, by which events are misplaced.

ANACHRONIS'TIC, adjective Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism.

ANACLAS'TIC, adjective [Gr. breaking, from to break.]

Refracting; breaking the rectilinear course of light.

Anaclastic glasses, sonorous glasses or phials, which are flexible, and emit a vehement noise by means of the human breath; called also vexing glasses, from the fright which their resilience occasions. They are low phials with flat bellies, like inverted tunnels, and with very thin convex bottoms. By drawing out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form with a smart crack; and by breathing or blowing into them, the bottom, with a like noise, springs into its former convex form.

ANACLAS'TICS, noun That part of optics which treats of the refraction of light, commonly called dioptrics, which see.

ANACOENO'SIS, noun [Gr. common.]

A figure of rhetoric, by which a speaker applies to his opponents for their opinion on the point in debate.

ANACOND'A, noun A name given in Ceylon to a large snake, a species of Boa, which is said to devour travelers. Its flesh is excellent food.

ANACREON'TIC, adjective Pertaining to Anacreon, a Greek poet, whose odes and epigrams are celebrated for their delicate, easy and graceful air, and for their exact imitation of nature. His verse consists of three feet and a half, usually spondees and iambuses, sometimes anapests; as in this line of Horace.

'Lydia, dic per omnes.'

ANACREON'TIC, noun A poem composed in the manner of Anacreon.

AN'ADEME, noun [Gr.] A chaplet or crown of flowers.

ANADIPLO'SIS, noun [Gr. again, and double.]

Duplication, a figure in rhetoric and poetry, consisting in the repetition of the last word or words in a line or clause of a sentence, in the beginning of the next; as, 'he retained his virtues amidst all his misfortunes, misfortunes which no prudence could foresee or prevent.

ANAD'ROMOUS, adjective [Gr. upward and course.]

Ascending; a word applied to such fish as pass from the sea into fresh waters, at stated seasons.

AN'AGLYPH, noun [Gr. to engrave.]

An ornament made by sculpture.

ANAGLYP'TIC, adjective Relating to the art of carving, engraving, enchasing or embossing plate.

AN'AGOGE,

ANAGOG'ICAL, adjective Mysterious; elevated; spiritual; as, the rest of the sabbath, in an anagogical sense, signifies the repose of the saints in heaven.

ANAGOG'ICAL, a. Mysterious; elevated; spiritual; as, the rest of the sabbath, in an anagogical sense, signifies the repose of the saints in heaven.

ANAGOG'ICALLY, adverb In a mysterious sense; with religious elevation.

ANAGOG'ICS, noun Mysterious considerations.

AN'AGOGY, noun [Gr. upward, and a leading.]

An elevation of mind to things celestial; the spiritual meaning or application of words; also the application of the types and allegories of the old testament to subjects of the new.

AN'AGRAM, noun [Gr. a letter.]

A transposition of the letters of a name, by which a new word is formed. Thus Galenus becomes angelus; William Noy, (attorney general to Charles I., a laborious man, ) may be turned into I moyl in law.

ANAGRAMMAT'IC

ANAGRAMMAT'ICAL, adjective Making an anagram.

ANAGRAMMAT'ICAL, a. Making an anagram.

ANAGRAMMAT'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of an anagram.

ANAGRAM'MATISM, noun The act or practice of making anagrams.

ANAGRAM'MATIST, noun A maker of anagrams.

ANAGRAM'MATIZE, verb intransitive To make anagrams.

AN'AGROS, noun A measure of grain in Spain, containing something less than two bushels.

A'NAL, adjective [Latin anus.] Pertaining to the anus; as, the anal fin.

ANAL'CIM,

ANAL'CIME, noun

Cubic zeolite, found in aggregated or cubic crystals.

This mineral is generally crystallized, but is also found amorphous, and in reniform, mammillary, laminated or radiated masses. By friction, it acquires a weak electricity; hence its name, Gr. weak.

ANAL'CIME, n.

AN'ALECTS, noun [Gr. to collect.] A collection of short essays, or remarks.

AN'ALEMMA, noun [Gr. altitude.]

1. In geometry, a projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, orthographically made by straight lines, circles and ellipses, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west points of the horizon.

2. An instrument of wood or brass on which this kind of projection is drawn, with a horizon and cursor fitted to it, in which the solstitial colure, and all circles parallel to it, will be concentric circles; all circles oblique to the eye will be ellipses; and all circles whose planes pass through the eye, will be right lines.

ANALEP'SIS, noun [Gr. to receive again.]

The augmentation of nutrition of an emaciated body; recovery of strength after a disease.

ANALEP'TIC, adjective Corroborating; invigorating; giving strength after disease.

ANALEP'TIC, noun A medicine which gives strength, and aids in restoring a body to health after sickness; a restorative.

ANAL'OGAL, adjective Analogous. [Not used.]

ANALOG'ICAL, adjective Having analogy; used by way of analogy; bearing some relation. Thus analogical reasoning is reasoning from some similitude which things known bear to things unknown. An analogical word is one which carries with it some relation to the original idea. Thus the word firm primarily denotes solidity or compactness in a material body; and by analogy, when used of the mind, it conveys the idea of qualities having a similitude to the solidity of bodies, that is, fixedness or immovability.

ANALOG'ICALLY, adverb In an analogical manner; by way of similitude, relation or agreement. Thus to reason analogically is to deduce inferences from some agreement or relation which things bear to each other.

ANALOG'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being analogical; fitness to be applied for the illustration of some analogy.

ANAL'OGISM, noun [Gr.] An argument from the cause to the effect.

Investigation of things by the analogy they bear to each other.

ANAL'OGIST, noun One who adheres to analogy.

ANAL'OGIZE, verb transitive To explain by analogy; to form some resemblance between different things; to consider a thing with regard to its analogy to something else.

ANAL'OGOUS, adjective Having analogy; bearing some resemblance or proportion; followed by to; as, there is something in the exercise of the mind analogues to that of the body.

ANAL'OGY, noun [Gr. ratio, proportion.]

1. an agreement or likeness between things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are otherwise entirely different. Thus a plant is said to have life, because its growth resembles in some degree, that of an animal. In life and growth, then, there is an analogy between a plant and an animal. Learning enlightens the mind, because it is to the mind, what light is to the eye, enabling it to discover things before hidden. When the things which have an analogy follow a preposition, that preposition must be between or betwixt; as there is an analogy between plants and animals, or between customs. When one of the things precedes a verb, and the other follows, the preposition used must be to or with; as, a plant has some analogy to or with an animal.

2. With grammarians, analogy is a conformity of words to the genius, structure or general rules of a language. Thus the general rule in English is that the plural of a noun ends in es; therefore all nouns which have that plural termination have an analogy or are formed in analogy with other words of a like kind.

[PUBLISHERS NOTE: The word"genius" in the second definition should be"genus". This appears in the original printing and is most likely a printers error as the original was hand typeset.]

ANAL'YSIS, noun [Gr. a loosing, or resolving, from to loosen. See Loose.]

1. The separation of a compound body into its constituent parts; a resolving; as, an analysis of water, air or oil, to discover its elements.

2. A consideration of anything in its separate parts; an examination of the different parts of a subject, each separately; as the words which compose a sentence, the notes of a tune, or the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is opposed to synthesis.

In mathematics, analysis is the resolving of problems by algebraic equations. The analysis of finite quantities is otherwise called algebra, or specious arithmetic. The analysis of infinites is the method of fluxions, or the differential calculus.

In logic, analysis is the tracing of things to their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original principles.

3. A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a continued discourse, disposed in their natural order.

4. A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a science. In this sense, it is nearly synonymous with synopsis.

AN'ALYST, noun One who analyzes, or is versed in analysis.

ANALYT'IC,

ANALYT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to analysis; that resolves into first principles; that separates into parts or original principles; that resolves a compound body or subject; as, an analytical experiment in chimistry, or an analytical investigation. It is opposed to synthetic.

ANALYT'ICAL, a. Pertaining to analysis; that resolves into first principles; that separates into parts or original principles; that resolves a compound body or subject; as, an analytical experiment in chimistry, or an analytical investigation. It is opposed to synthetic.

ANALYT'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of analysis; by way of separating a body into its constituent parts, or a subject, into its principles.

ANALYT'ICS, noun The science of analysis. [See Analysis.]

AN'ALYZE, verb transitive [Gr. See Analysis.]

To resolve a body into its elements; to separate a compound subject into its parts or propositions, for the purpose of an examination of each separately; as, to analyze a fossil substance; to analyze an action to ascertain its morality.

AN'ALYZED, participle passive Resolved into its constituent parts or principles, for examination.

AN'ALYZER, noun One who analyzes; that which analyzes or has the power to analyze.

AN'ALYZING, participle present tense Resolving into elements, constituent parts, or first principles.

ANAMORPHOSIS, noun [Gr. formation.]

In perspective drawings, a deformed or distorted portrait or figure, which, in one point of view, is confused or unintelligible, and in another, is an exact and regular representation; or confused to the naked eye, but reflected from a plain or curved mirror, appearing regular, and in right proportion.

ANA'NAS, noun The name of a species of Bromelia, the pine-apple.

AN'APEST, noun [Gr to strike.]

In poetry, a foot, consisting of three syllables, the two first short, the last long; the reverse of the dactyl; as,

Can a bosom so gentle remain

Unmoved when her Corydon sighs?

ANAPEST'IC, noun The anapestic measure.

ANAPEST'IC, adjective Pertaining to an anapest; consisting of anapestic feet.

ANAPH'ORA, noun [Gr.]

1. A figure in rhetoric, when the same word or words are repeated at the beginning of two or more succeeding verses or clauses of a sentence; as, 'Where is the wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the disputer of this world?'

2. Among physicians, the discharge of blood or purulent matter by the mouth.

ANAPLEROT'IC, adjective [Gr. to fill.] Filling up; supplying or renovating flesh.

ANAPLEROT'IC, noun A medicine which renews flesh or wasted parts.

AN'ARCH, noun [See Anarchy.] The author of confusion; one who excites revolt.

ANARCH'IC,

ANARCH'ICAL, adjective Without rule or government; in a state of confusion; applied to a state or society. Fielding uses anarchial, a word of less difficult pronunciation.

ANARCH'ICAL, a. Without rule or government; in a state of confusion; applied to a state or society. Fielding uses anarchial, a word of less difficult pronunciation.

AN'ARCHIST, noun An anarch; one who excites revolt, or promotes disorder in a state.

AN'ARCHY, noun [Gr. rule.]

Want of government; a state of society, when there is no law or supreme power, or when the laws are not efficient, and individuals do what they please with impunity; political confusion.

ANAR'HICHAS, noun The sea wolf; a genus of ravenous fish, of the order of Apodals, found in the northern seas.

A'NAS, noun [Latin] A genus of water fowl of the order Anseres; including the swans, geese, and ducks. The species are very numerous.

ANAS'ARCA, noun [Gr. in or between, and flesh.]

A species of dropsy, from a serous humor spread between the skin and flesh; or an accumulation of lymph in the cellular membrane, occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.

ANAS'ARCOUS, adjective Belonging to anasarca, or dropsy; dropsical.

ANAS'TOMOSE, verb intransitive s as z. [Gr. mouth.]

To inosculate; to unite the mouth of one vessel with another, as the arteries with the veins.

ANASTOMO'SIS, noun The inosculation of vessels, or the opening of one vessel into another, as an artery into a vein; a relaxation or dilation of the mouths of vessels; also the communication of two vessels, as a vein with a vein.

ANASTOM'OSY,

ANASTOMOT'IC, adjective Opening the mouths of vessels, or removing obstructions.

ANASTOMOT'IC, noun a medicine supposed to have the power of opening the mouths of vessels, and promoting circulation, such as cathartics, deobstruents and sudorifics.

ANASTOMOT'IC, a. Opening the mouths of vessels, or removing obstructions.

ANASTOMOT'IC, n. a medicine supposed to have the power of opening the mouths of vessels, and promoting circulation, such as cathartics, deobstruents and sudorifics.

ANAS'TROPHE,

ANAS'TROPHY, noun [Gr. a conversion or inversion.]

In rhetoric and grammar, an inversion of the natural order of words; as saxa per et scopulos, for per saxa et scopulos.

ANAS'TROPHY, n. [Gr. a conversion or inversion.]

AN'ATASE, noun [Gr. extension, so named from the length of its crystals.]

Octahedrite; octahedral oxyd of titanium; a mineral that shows a variety of colors by reflected light, from indigo blue to reddish brown. It is usually crystallized in acute, elongated, pyramidical octahedrons.

ANATH'EMA, noun [Gr. to place behind, backward or at a distance, to separate.]

1. Excommunication with curses. Hence, a curse or denunciation by ecclesiastical authority, accompanying excommunication. This species of excommunication was practiced in the ancient churches, against notorious offenders; all churches were warned not to receive them; all magistrates and private persons were admonished not to harbor or maintain them, and priests were enjoined not to converse with them, or attend their funeral.

There are two kinds of anathemas, judiciary and abjuratory. The former is pronounced by a council, pope or bishop; the latter is the act of a convert who anathematizes the heresy which he abjures.

2. In heathen mythology, an offering, or present made to some deity and hung up in a temple. Whenever a person quitted his employment, he set apart, or dedicated his tools to his patron-deity. Persons who had escaped danger remarkably, or been otherwise very fortunate, testified their gratitude by some offering to their deity.

ANATHEMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to anathema.

ANATHEMAT'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of anathema.

ANATHEMATIZA'TION, noun The act of anathematizing.

ANATH'EMATIZE, verb transitive To excommunicate with a denunciation of curses; to pronounce an anathema against.

ANATH'EMATIZED, participle passive Excommunicated with curses.

ANATH'EMATIZING, participle present tense Pronouncing an anathema.

ANATIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin anas, a duck and fero, to produce.] Producing ducks.

ANAT'OCISM, noun [Latin anatocismus, from Gr. again and usury.]

Interest upon interest; the taking of compound interest; or the contract by which such interest is secured. [Rarely used.]

ANATOM'ICAL, adjective Belonging to anatomy or dissection; produced by or according to the principles of anatomy, or natural structure of the body; relating to the parts of the body when dissected or separated.

ANATOM'ICALLY, adverb In an anatomical manner; by means of dissection; according to the doctrine of anatomy.

ANAT'OMIST, noun One who dissects bodies; more generally, one who is skilled in the art of dissection, or versed in the doctrine and principles of anatomy.

ANAT'OMIZE, verb transitive To dissect an animal; to divide into the constituent parts, for the purpose of examining each by itself; to lay open the interior structure of the parts of a body or subject; as, to anatomize an animal or plant; to anatomize an argument.

ANAT'OMIZED, participle passive Dissected, as an animal body.

ANAT'OMIZING, participle present tense Dissecting.

ANAT'OMY, noun [Gr. through and to cut.]

1. The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts of an animal body, to discover their situation, structure and economy.

2. The doctrine of the structure of the body, learned by dissection; as, a physician understands anatomy

3. The act of dividing any thing, corporeal or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; as, the anatomy of a plant, or of a discourse.

4. The body stripped of its integuments; a skeleton, or the corporeal frame of bones entire, without the skin, flesh and vessels; an improper use of the word, and vulgar.

5. Ironically, a meager person.

ANATREP'TIC, adjective [Gr. to overturn.]

Overthrowing; defeating; prostrating; a word applied to the dialogues of Plato, which represent a complete defeat in the gymnastic exercises.

AN'ATRON, noun [Gr. niter.]

1. Soda or mineral fixed alkali.

2. Spume or glass gall, a scum which rises upon melted glass, in the furnace, and when taken off, dissolves in the air, and then coagulates into common salt.

3. The salt which collects on the walls of vaults.

AN'BURY, noun A disease in turneps, or an injury occasioned by a fly.

'ANCE, noun Agreement with a person; conformity with a thing.

AN'CESTOR, noun [Latin antecessor, of ante, before, and cedo, to go.]

One from whom a person descends, either by the father or mother, at any distance of time, in the tenth or hundredth generation. An ancestor precedes in the order of nature or blood; a predecessor, in the order of office.

AN'CESTRAL, adjective Relating or belonging to ancestors; claimed or descending from ancestors; as, an ancestral estate.

AN'CESTRY, noun A series of ancestors, or progenitors; lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent. Hence, birth or honorable descent.

AN'CHILOPS, noun [Gr. a goat and an eye.]

The goat's eye; an abscess in the inner angle of the eye; an incipient fistula lachrymalis.

AN'CHOR, noun [Latin anchora; Gr.]

1. An iron instrument for holding a ship or other vessel at rest in water. It is a strong shank, with a ring at one end, to which a cable may be fastened; and with two arms and flukes at the other end, forming a suitable angle with the shank to enter the ground.

In seamen's language, the anchor comes home, when it is dislodged from its bed, so as to drag by the violence of the wind, sea or current.

Foul anchor is when the anchor hooks or is entangled with another anchor or with a wreck or cable, or when the slack cable is entangled.

The anchor a cock bill, is when it is suspended perpendicularly from the cat head, ready to be let go.

The anchor a peek, is when it is drawn in so tight as to bring the ship directly over it.

The anchor is a trip, or a weigh, when it is just drawn out of the ground, in a perpendicular direction, either by the cable or the buoy-rope.

To back an anchor is to lay down a small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming home.

At anchor is when a ship rides by her anchor Hence, to lie or ride at anchor

To cast anchor or to anchor is to let go an anchor to keep a ship at rest.

To weigh anchor is to heave or raise the anchor out of the ground.

Anchors are of different sizes. The principal, and that on which most dependence is placed, is the sheet anchor Then come the best bower, the small bower, the space anchor the stream anchor and the kedge anchor which is the smallest.

2. In a figurative sense, that which gives stability or security; that on which we place dependence for safety.

Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast. Hebrews 6:19.

3. In architecture, anchors are carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor It is commonly a part of the ornaments of the boultins of capitals in the Tuscan, Doric and Ionic orders, and on the moldings of cornices.

In heraldry, anchors are emblems of hope.

AN'CHOR, verb transitive

1. To place at anchor; to moor; as to anchor a ship.

2. To fix or fasten on; to fix in a stable condition

AN'CHOR, verb intransitive

1. To cast anchor; to come to anchor; as, our ship anchored off the isle of Wight.

2. To stop; to fix or rest on.

AN'CHORABLE, adjective Fit for anchorage. [Not used.]

AN'CHORAGE, noun

1. Anchor-ground; a place where a ship can anchor, where the ground is not too rocky, nor the water too deep nor too shallow.

2. The hold of a ship at anchor, or rather the anchor and all the necessary tackle for anchoring.

3. A duty imposed on ships for anchoring in a harbor.

AN'CHORED, participle passive Lying or riding at anchor; held by an anchor; moored; fixed in safety.

AN'CHORESS, noun A female anchoret.

AN'CHORET, or AN'CHORITE, noun [Gr. to retire and to go. Written by some authors, anachoret.]

AN'CHORING, participle present tense Mooring; coming to anchor; casting anchor.

AN'CHORET, or AN'CHORITE, noun [Gr. to retire and to go. Written by some authors, anachoret.]

A hermit; a recluse; one who retires from society into a desert or solitary place, to avoid the temptations of the world and devote himself to religious duties. Also a monk, who, with the leave of the abbot, retires to a cave or cell, with an allowance from the monastery, to live in solitude.

ANCHO'VY,

AN'CHOVY, noun A small fish, about three inches in length, of the genus Clupea, found and caught, in vast numbers, in the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. It is used as a sauce or seasoning.

AN'CIENT, adjective Usually pronounced most anomalously, ancient The pronunciation of the first vowel ought to accord with that is antiquity, anger, anchor, etc. [Lt. ante, antiquus.] We usually apply ancient and old to things subject to gradual decay. We say, an old man, an ancient record; but never the old sun, old stars, an old river or mountain.

1. Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; as, ancient authors, ancient days. Old, says Johnson, relates to the duration of the thing itself, as an old coat; and ancient to time in general, as an ancient dress. But this distinction is not always observed. We say, in old times, as well as ancient times; old customs, etc. In general, however, ancient is opposed to modern, and old to new, fresh or recent. When we speak of a thing that existed formerly, which as ceased to exist, we commonly use ancient as ancient republics' ancient heroes, and not old republics, old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed in former times, is still in existence, we use either ancient or old; as, ancient statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings; ancient authors, or old authors, meaning books. But in these examples ancient seems the most correct, or best authorized. Some persons apply ancient to men advanced in years still living; but this use is not common in modern practice, though found in scripture.

With the ancient is wisdom. Job.

2. Old; that has been of long duration; as, an ancient forest; an ancient city.

3. Known from ancient times; as the ancient continent, opposed to the new continent.

AN'CIENT, noun Generally used in the plural, ancients. Those who lived in former ages, opposed to moderns.

1. In scripture, very old men. Also, governors, rulers, political and ecclesiastical.

The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients of his people. Isaiah 3:2. Jeremiah 19:1.

God is called the ancient of days from his eternal existence. Daniel 7:9.

Hooker uses the word for seniors, 'They were his ancients, ' but the use is not authorized.

2. ancient is also used for a flag or streamer, in a ship of war; and for an ensign or the bearer of a flag, as in Shakespeare. Cowel supposed the word, when used for a flag, to be a corruption of end-sheet, a flag at the stern. It is probably the Fr. enseigne.

Ancient demain, in English Law, is a tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names etc. of these were all entered in a book called Domes-day Book.

AN'CIENTLY, adverb In old times; in times long since past; as Rome was anciently more populous than at present.

AN'CIENTNESS, noun The state of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times.

AN'CIENTRY, noun Dignity of birth; the honor of ancient lineage.

AN'CIENTY, noun Age; antiquity. [Not used.]

AN'CIENTY, noun In some old English statutes and authors, eldership or seniority.

AN'CILLARY, adjective [Latin ancilla, a female servant.]

Pertaining to a maid servant, or female service; subservient as a maid servant.

ANCIP'ITAL, adjective [Latin anceps.]

Doubtful, or double; double-faced or double-formed; applied to the stem of a plant, it signifies a two edged stem, compressed and forming two opposite angles.

AN'COME, noun A small ulcerous swelling coming suddenly.

AN'CON, noun [Latin ancon; Gr. the elbow.]

The olecranon, the upper end of the ulna, or elbow.

AN'CONE, noun [Latin ancon, Gr.] In architecture, the corner of a wall, crossbeam or rafter.

AN'CONY, noun [Probably from Gr., the cubit, from its resemblance to the arm.]

In iron works, a piece of half wrought iron, in the shape of a bar in the middle, but rude and unwrought at the ends. A piece of cast iron is melted off and hammered at a forge, into a mass of two feet long and square, which is called a bloom; then, carried to a finery, and worked into an ancony; it is then sent to a chafery, where the ends are wrought into the shape of the middle, and whole is made into a bar.

AND, conjunction

AND is a conjunction, connective or conjoining word. It signifies that a word or part of a sentence is to be added to what precedes. Thus, give me an apple and an orange; that is, give me an apple, add or give in addition to that, an orange. John and Peter and James rode to New York, that is, John rode to New York; add or further, Peter rode to New York; add James rode to New York.

AN'DALUSITE, noun A massive mineral, of a flesh or rose red color; sometimes found crystallized in imperfect four-sided prisms, nearly or quite rectangular. Its hardness is nearly equal to that of Corundum, and it is infusible by the blow pipe. It has its name from Andalusia, in Spain, where it was first discovered.

ANDAN'TE, [Eng. to wend, to wander.]

In music, a word used to direct to a movement moderately slow, between largo and allegro.

AN'DEAN, adjective Pertaining to the Andes. The great chain of mountains extending through S. America.

ANDI'RA, noun A species of bat in Brazil, nearly as large as a pigeon.

AND'IRON, noun

An iron utensil used, in Great Britain, where coal is the common fuel, to support the ends of a spit; but in America, used to support the wood in fire places.

ANDORIN'HA, noun The Brazilian swallow.

ANDRANAT'OMY, noun [Gr. a man and dissection.]

The dissection of a human body, especially of a male.

AN'DREOLITE, noun A mineral, the harmotome, or cross-stone.

ANDROG'YNAL,

ANDROG'YNALLY, adverb With the parts of both sexes.

ANDROG'YNALLY, adv. With the parts of both sexes.

ANDROG'YNOUS, adjective [Gr. a man and woman.]

Having two sexes; being male and female; hermaphroditical.

In botany, the word is applied to plants which bear both male and female flowers from the same root, as birch, walnut, oak, chestnut, mulberry, etc. These plants constitute the monecian class in Linne's system, and frequently have an amentum, thong or catkin, for a calyx.

ANDROG'YNUS, noun A hermaphrodite.

AN'DROID, noun [Gr. man and form.]

A machine, in the human form, which, by certain springs, performs some of the natural motions of a living man. One of these machines, invented by M. Vaucanson, appeared at Paris in 1738, representing a flute player.

ANDROM'EDA, noun

1. A northern constellation, behind Pegasus, Cassiopeia and Perseus, representing the figure of a woman chained. The stars in this constellation, in Ptolemy's catalogue, are 23; in Tycho's 22; in Bayer's 27; in Flamsted's 84.

2. The name of a celebrated tragedy of Euripides, now lost.

ANDROPH'AGI, [Gr. man, and to eat.]

Man-eaters; but the word is little used, being superseded by anthropophagi, which see. Herodotus mentions people of this character.

ANE'AR, preposition Near.

AN'ECDOTE, noun [Gr. to publish, part, given out.]

In its original sense, secret history, or facts not generally known. But in more common usage, a particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident; a single passage of private life. Procopius gave the title of anecdotes to a book he published against Justinian and his wife Theodora; and similar collections of incidents in the lives of eminent men are now common.

ANECDOT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to anecdotes.

ANE'LE, verb transitive To give extreme unction. [Not used.]

ANEMOG'RAPHY, noun [Gr. wind, and description.] A description of the winds.

ANEMOL'OGY, noun [Gr. wind, and discourse.] The doctrine of winds, or a treatise on the subject.

ANEMOM'ETER, noun [Gr. wind, and to measure.] An instrument or machine for measuring the force and velocity of the wind.

ANEM'ONE,

ANEM'ONY, noun [Gr. from wind.]

Wind-flower; a genus of plants of numerous species. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens, of which their double flowers are among the most elegant ornaments.

Sea anemone See Animal Flower.

ANEM'ONY, n. [Gr. from wind.]

Sea Anemone. See Animal Flower.

ANEM'OSCOPE, noun [Gr. wind, and to view.] A machine which shows the course or velocity of the wind.

ANENT', preposition About; concerning; over against: a Scottish word. [Gr.]

AN'EURISM, noun [Gr. to dilate, from broad.]

A preternatural dilatation or rupture of the coats of an artery. This is encysted or diffused. The encysted aneurism is when the coats of the artery being only dilated, the blood is confined to its proper coat. Of this kind is the varicose. The diffused aneurism includes all those in which, from an aperture in the artery, the blood is spread about in the cellular membrane, out of its proper course.

ANEURIS'MAL, adjective Pertaining to an aneurism.

ANEW', adverb [a and new.]

Over again; another time; in a new form; as, to arm anew; to create anew

ANFRAC'TUOUS, adjective [Latin anfractus, of amb, about, and fractus, broken. See Break.]

Winding; full of windings and turnings; written less correctly, anfractuose.

ANFRAC'TUOUSNESS, noun A state of being full of windings and turnings.

ANGARIA'TION, noun [Latin angario; Gr. to compel; a word of Persian origin.] Compulsion; exertion. [Not used.]

ANGEIOT'OMY, See Angiotomy.

AN'GEL, noun Usually pronounced angel but most anomalously. [Latin angelus; Gr. a messenger, to tell or announce.]

1. Literally, a messenger; one employed to communicate news or information from one person to another at a distance. But appropriately,

2. A spirit, or a spiritual intelligent being employed by God to communicate his will to man. Hence angels are ministers of God, and ministring spirits. Hebrews 1:4.

3. In a bad sense, an evil spirit; as, the angel of the bottomless pit. Math. 25. 1 Corinthians 6:3. Revelation 9:1.

4. Christ, the mediator and head of the church. Revelation 10:1.

5. A minister of the gospel, who is an embassador of God. Rev 2 and 3.

6. Any being whom God employs to execute his judgments. Rev 16.

7. In the style of love, a very beautiful person.

AN'GEL, noun A fish found on the coast of Carolina, of the thoracie order and genus Chaetodon. It has a small projecting mouth; the lamens above the gills are armed with cerulean spines; the body, a foot in length, appears as if cut off, and waved, and covered with large green scales.

AN'GEL, noun A gold coin formerly current in England, bearing the figure of an angel Skinner says, this device was impressed upon it in allusion to an observation of Pope Gregory the Great, who, seeing some beautiful English youths, in the market at Rome, asked who they were; being told they were Angli, English, he replied, they ought rather to be called angeli, angels. This coin had different values under different princes; but is now an imaginary sum or money of account, implying ten shillings sterling.

AN'GEL, adjective Resembling angels; angelic; as, angel whiteness.

ANGEL'IC,

ANGEL'ICA, noun A genus of digynian pentanders, containing several species. The common sort is cultivated for medicinal uses. It grows naturally in northern climates, and has large umbels of a globose figure. The roots have a fragrant aromatic smell, and are used in the aromatic tincture. The stalks make an agreeable sweet-meat.

ANGEL'ICA, n. A genus of digynian pentanders, containing several species. The common sort is cultivated for medicinal uses. It grows naturally in northern climates, and has large umbels of a globose figure. The roots have a fragrant aromatic smell, and are used in the aromatic tincture. The stalks make an agreeable sweet-meat.

ANGEL'ICAL, adjective [Latin angelicus.] Resembling angels; belonging to angels, or partaking of their nature; suiting the nature and dignity of angels.

ANGEL'ICALLY, adverb Like an angel.

ANGEL'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being angelic; excellence more than human.

AN'GELITES, in Church history, so called from Angelicum in Alexandria, where they held their first meetings, a sect of heretics near the close of the 5th century, who held the persons of the trinity not to be the same, nor to exist by their own nature; but each to be a God existing by participating of a deity common to them all. They are called also Severites, from Severus, their head; and Theodosians, from one Theodosius, whom they made their Pope.

ANGELOL'OGY, noun A discourse on angels; or the doctrine of angelic beings.

AN'GELOT, noun

1. An instrument of music, somewhat resembling a lute.

2. An ancient English coin struck at Paris while under the dominion of England; so called from the figure of an angel supporting the escutcheon of the arms of England and France. Also, a small rich sort of cheese made in Normandy.

AN'GER, noun ang'ger. [Latin ango, to choke strangle, vex; whence angor, vexation, anguish, the quinsy, angina. Gr. to strangle, to strain or draw together to vex. The primary sense is to press, squeeze, make narrow; Heb. to strangle.]

1. A violent passion of the mind excited by a real or supposed injury; usually accompanied with a propensity to take vengeance, or to obtain satisfaction from the offending party. This passion however varies in degrees of violence, and in ingenuous minds, may be attended only with a desire to reprove or chide the offender.

Anger is also excited by an injury offered to a relation, friend or party to which one is attached; and some degrees of it may be excited by cruelty, injustice or oppression offered to those with whom one has no immediate connection, or even to the community of which one is a member. Nor is it unusual to see something of this passion roused by gross absurdities in others, especially in controversy or discussion. anger may be inflamed till it rises to rage and a temporary delirium.

2. Paint; smart of a sore or swelling; the literal sense of the word, but little used.

AN'GER, verb transitive ang'ger.

1. To excite anger; to provoke; to rouse resentment.

2. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame; as, to anger an ulcer.

AN'GRED or ANG'ERED, participle passive Made angry; provoked.

AN'GERLY, adverb [anger and like.] In an angry manner; more generally written angrily.

ANGI'NA, noun [Latin from ango, to choke. See Anger.]

A quinsey; an inflammation of the throat; a tumor impeding respiration. It is a general name of the diseases called sorethroat, as quinsy, scarlet fever, croup, mumps, etc.

Angina pectoris, an anomalous or spasmodic affection of the chest and organs of respiration; or a disease of the heart.

ANGIOG'RAPHY, noun [Gr. a vessel, and description.] A description of the vessels in the human body.

ANGIOL'OGY, noun [Gr. a vessel, and discourse.]

A treatise or discourse on the vessels of the human body, as the arteries, veins, lymphatics, etc.

ANGIOMONOSPERM'OUS, noun [Gr. a vessel, alone, and seed.]

Producing one seed only in a pod.

AN'GIOSPERM, noun [Gr. a vessel, and seed.] In botany, a plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp.

ANGIOSPERM'OUS, adjective Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other pericarp. In Linne's system, the second order of plants in the didynamian class are called angiospermia. This word is opposed to gymnospermous or naked-seeded.

ANGIOT'OMY, noun [Gr. a vessel, and to cut.]

The opening of a vessel, whether a vein or an artery, as in bleeding. It includes both arteriotomy and phlebotomy.

AN'GLE, noun [Latin angulus, a corner. Gr.]

In popular language, the point where two lines meet, or the meeting of two lines in a point; a corner.

In geometry, the space comprised between two straight lines that meet in a point, or between two straight converging lines which, if extended, would meet; or the quantity by which two straight lines, departing from a point, diverge from each other. The point of meeting is the vertex of the angle and the lines, containing the angle are its sides or legs.

In optics, the angle of incidence is the angle which a ray of light makes with a perpendicular to the surface, or to that point of the surface on which it falls.

The angle of refraction is the angle which a ray of light refracted makes with the surface of the refracting medium; or rather with a perpendicular to that point of the surface on which it falls.

A right angle is one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90 degrees, making the quarter of a circle.

An obtuse angle is greater than a right angle or more than 90 degrees.

A rectilineal or right-lined angle is formed by two right lines.

A curvilineal angle is formed by two curved lines.

A mixed angle is formed by a right line with a curved line.

Adjacent or contiguous angles are such as have one leg common to both angles, and both together are equal to two right angles.

External angles are angles of any right-lined figure without it, when the sides are produced or lengthened.

Internal angles are those which are within any right-lined figure.

Oblique angles are either acute or obtuse, in opposition to right angles.

A solid angle is the meeting of three or more plain angles at one point.

A spherical angle is one made by the meeting of two arches of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of the globe or sphere.

AN'GLE, noun A hook; an instrument to take fish, consisting of a rod, a line and a hook, or a line and hook.

AN'GLE, verb intransitive

1. To fish with an angle or with line and hook.

2. verb transitive or i. To fish for; to try to gain by some bait or insinuation, as men angle for fish; as, to angle for the hearts of people, or to angle hearts.

AN'GLED, adjective Having angles - used only in compounds.

AN'GLER, noun One that fishes with an angle; also a fish, a species of lophius.

AN'GLIC,

AN'GLICAN, adjective [Latin icus, in publicus, and all similar adjectives. From ing, was formed Angles, the English, to which is added this common affix, ic. Ing is annexed to many English names, as Reading, Basing, Kittering, towns situated on flat land.]

English; pertaining to England or the English nation; as the Anglican church.

AN'GLICAN, a. [L. icus, in publicus, and all similar adjectives. From ing, was formed Angles, the English, to which is added this common affix, ic. Ing is annexed to many English names, as Reading, Basing, Kittering, towns situated on flat land.]

AN'GLICISM, noun An English Idiom; a form of language peculiar to the English.

AN'GLICIZE, verb transitive To make English; to render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.

AN'GLING, participle present tense Fishing with an angle.

AN'GLING, noun A fishing with a rod and line.

AN'GOR, noun [Latin See anger.]

1. Pain; intense bodily pain.

2. The retiring of the native bodily heat to the center, occasioning head-ache, palpitation and sadness.

AN'GRED or ANG'ERED, participle passive Made angry; provoked.

AN'GRILY, adverb In an angry manner; peevishly; with indications of resentment.

AN'GRY, adjective [See anger.]

1. Feeling resentment; provoked; followed generally by with before a person.

God is angry with the wicked every day. Psalms 7:11.

But it is usually followed by at before a thing.

Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice? Ecclesiastes 5:6.

2. Showing anger; wearing the marks of anger; caused by anger; as, an angry countenance; angry words.

3. Inflamed, as a sore; red; manifesting inflammation.

4. Raging; furious; tumultuous.

Or chain the angry vengeance of the waves.

ANGSA'NA or ANGSA'VA, noun A red gum of the East Indies, like that of dragon's blood.

ANGSA'NA or ANGSA'VA, noun A red gum of the East Indies, like that of dragon's blood.

AN'GU, noun Bread made of the Cassada, a plant of the W. Indies.

AN'GUIFER, noun [Latin anguis, a serpent, and fero, to bear.]

In astronomy, a cluster of stars in the form of a man holding a serpent; Serpentarius, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.

ANGUIL'LA, noun [Latin an eel.]

In zoology, an eel; also the name of a Mediterranean fish used for food, called also hospetus and atherina.

ANGUIL'LIFORM, adjective [Latin anguilla, an eel, and forma, shape.] In the form of an eel, or of a serpent; resembling an eel or serpent.

AN'GUISH, noun [Latin angustia, narrowness, from pressure. See Anger.]

Extreme pain, either of body or mind. As bodily pain, it may differ from agony, which is such distress of the whole body as to cause contortion, whereas anguish may be a local pain as of an ulcer, or gout. But anguish and agony are nearly synonymous. As pain of the mind, it signifies any keen distress from sorrow, remorse, despair and kindred passions.

And they hearkened not to Moses, for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. Exodus 6:9.

AN'GUISH, verb transitive To distress with extreme pain or grief.

AN'GUISHED, participle passive Extremely pained; tortured; deeply distressed.

AN'GULAR, adjective

1. Having an angle, angles or corners; pointed; as an angular figure.

2. Consisting of an angle; forming an angle; as an angular point.

ANGULAR'ITY, noun The quality of having an angle or corner.

AN'GULARLY, adverb With angles, or corners; in the direction of the angles.

AN'GULARNESS, noun The quality of being angular.

AN'GULATED, adjective Formed with angles or corners.

AN'GULOUS, adjective Angular; having corners; hooked.

ANGUST', adjective [Latin angustus.] Narrow; straight. [Not used.]

ANGUSTA'TION, noun [Latin angustus, narrow. See Anger.]

The act of making narrow; a straightening, or being made narrow.

ANGUST'ICLAVE, noun [Latin angustus, narrow, and clavus, a knob or stud.]

A robe or tunic embroidered with purple studs or knobs, or by purple stripes, worn by Roman knights. The laticlave, with broader studs, was worn by senators.

ANHELA'TION, noun [Latin anhelo, to pant or breathe with difficulty; from halo, to breathe.]

Shortness of breath; a panting; difficult respiration, without fever, or with a sense of suffocation.

ANHELO'SE, adjective Out of breath; panting; breathing with difficulty. [Little used.]

AN'HIMA, noun A Brazilian aquatic fowl, larger than a swan, somewhat like a crane. Its head is small, its bill black, the toes armed with long claws. But what is remarkable, is a horn growing from its forehead; and the second joint of the wing is armed with two straight triangular spurs, an inch in length. The fidelity between the male and female is so great, that when one dies, the other remains by the carcass, till it expires.

AN'HYDRITE, noun [See Anhydrous.]

A species of sulphate of lime, anhydrous gypsum, of which there are several varieties; compact, granular, fibrous, radiated, sparry, siliciferous or vulpinite, and convoluted.

ANHY'DROUS, adjective [Gr. dry, and water.]

Destitute of water. Anhydrite is so called, because it is destitute of the water of crystallization.

ANIENT'ED, adjective Frustrated; brought to naught. obsolete

ANI'GHT, adverb [a or at, and night.]

In the night time; anights, in the plural, is used of frequent and customary acts.

You must come in earlier anights.

AN'IL, noun A shrub from whose leaves and stalks indigo is made; Indigofera, or the indigo plant.

ANIL'ITY, noun [Latin anilis, anilitas, from anus, an old woman; Celtic, hen old.]

The state of being an old woman; the old age of a woman; dotage.

ANIMADVER'SION, noun [Latin animadversio.]

Remarks by way of censure or criticism; reproof; blame. It may sometimes be used for punishment, or punishment may be implied in the word, but this is not common. In an ecclesiastical sense, it differs from censure, says Ayliffe; censure, respecting spiritual punishment, and animadversion a temporal one. Glanville uses the word in the sense of perception, but this use is not authorized.

ANIMADVER'SIVE, adjective That has the power of perceiving. obsolete

ANIMADVERT', verb intransitive [Latin animadverto, of animus, mind, and adverto, to turn to.]

1. To turn the mind to; to consider.

2. To consider or remark upon by way of criticism or censure.

3. To inflict punishment; followed by upon.

ANIMADVERT'ER, noun One who animadverts or makes remarks by way of censure.

ANIMADVERT'ING, participle present tense Considering; remarking by way of criticism or censure.

AN'IMAL, noun [Latin animal from anima, air, breath, soul.]

An organized body, endowed with life and the power of voluntary motion; a living, sensitive, locomotive body; as, man is an intelligent animal Animals are essentially distinguished from plants by the property of sensation. The contractile property of some plants, as the mimosa, has the appearance of the effect of sensation, but it may be merely the effect of irritability.

The distinction here made between animals and vegetables, may not be philosophically accurate; for we cannot perhaps ascertain the precise limit between the two kinds of beings, but this is sufficiently correct for common practical purposes.

The history of animals is called zoology.

By way of contempt, a dull person is called a stupid animal

AN'IMAL, adjective That belongs or relates to animals; as animal functions.

Animal is distinguished from intellectual; as animal appetites, the appetites of the body, as hunger and thirst.

The animal functions, are touch, taste, motion, etc.

Animal life is opposed to vegetable life.

Animal is opposed also to spiritual or rational, which respects the soul and reasoning faculties; as animal nature, spiritual nature, rational nature.

Animal food may signify that food which nourishes animals; but it usually denotes food consisting of animal flesh.

Animal economy is the system of laws by which the bodies of animals are governed and depending on their organic structure.

Animal spirit is a name given to the nervous fluid.

Animal spirits in the plural, life, vigor, energy.

Animal system, or animal kingdom denotes the whole class of beings endowed with animal life.

ANIMAL'CULE, noun [Latin animalculum, animalcula.]

A little animal; but appropriately, an animal whose figure cannot be discerned without the aid of a magnifying glass; such as are invisible to the naked eye.

ANIMALIZA'TION, noun The act of giving animal life, or endowing with the properties of an animal.

AN'IMALIZE, verb transitive

1. To give animal life to; to endow with the properties of animals.

2. To convert into animal matter.

AN'IMALIZED, participle passive Endowed with animal life.

AN'IMALIZING, participle present tense Giving animal life to.

AN'IMATE, verb intransitive [Latin amino. See Animal.]

1. To give natural life to; to quicken; to make alive; as the soul animates the body.

2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of a thing; as, to animate a lyre.

3. To give spirit or vigor; to infuse courage, joy, or other enlivening passion; to stimulate or incite; as, to animate dispirited troops.

AN'IMATE, adjective Alive; possessing animal life.

[This word is used chiefly in poetry for animated.]

AN'IMATED, participle passive

1. Being endowed with anima life, as the various classes of animated beings.

2. adjective Lively; vigorous; full of spirit; indicating animation; as an animated discourse.

AN'IMATING, participle present tense Giving life; infusing spirit; enlivening.

ANIMA'TION, noun

1. The act of infusing life; the state of being animated.

2. The state of being lively, brisk or full of spirit and vigor; as, he recited the story with great animation

AN'IMATIVE, adjective That has the power of giving life or spirit.

AN'IMATOR, noun One that gives life; that which infuses life or spirit.

AN'IME, noun In heraldry, a term denoting that the eyes of a rapacious animal are borne of a different tincture from the animal himself.

AN'IME, noun A resin exuding from the stem of a large American tree called by the natives courbaril; by Piso, jetaiba. It is of a transparent amber color, a light agreeable smell, and of little or no taste. It dissolves entirely, but not readily, in rectified spirit of wine, and is used by the Brazilians in fumigations, for pains proceeding from cold.

ANIMET'TA, noun Among ecclesiastical writers, the cloth which covers the cup of the eucharist.

ANIMOS'ITY, noun [Latin animositas; animosus, animated, courageous, enraged; from animus, spirit, mind passion. Gr. wind, breath, is from flowing, swelling, rushing, which gives the sense of violent action and passion. See animal.]

Violent hatred accompanied with active opposition; active enmity. animosity differs from enmity which may be secret and inactive; and it expresses a less criminal passion than malice. animosity seeks to gain a cause or destroy an enemy or rival, from hatred or private interest; malice seeks revenge for the sake of giving pain.

ANIN'GA, noun A root growing in the West Indies, like the China plant, used in refining sugar.

AN'ISE, noun an'nis. [Latin anisum; Gr.]

An annual plant, placed by Linne under the genus Pimpinella. It grows naturally in Egypt, and is cultivated in Spain and Malta, whence the seeds are imported. The stalk rises a foot and a half high, dividing into slender branches, garnished with narrow leaves, cut into three or four narrow segments. The branches terminate in large loose umbels, composed of smaller umbels or rays, on long footstalks. The flowers are small and of a yellowish white; the seeds oblong and swelling. anise seeds have an aromatic smell, and a pleasant warm taste; they are useful in warming the stomach and expelling wind.

AN'ISE SEED, noun The seed of anise

ANK'ER, noun

A measure of liquids used in Holland, containing about 32 gallons, English measure.

Chambers says it contains two stekans; each stekan, 16 mengles; each mengle, 2 wine quarts.

ANK'LE, noun ank'l. The joint which connects the foot with the leg.

AN'NALIST, noun [See Annals.] A writer of annals.

AN'NALIZE, verb transitive To record; to write annals. [Not much used.]

AN'NALS, noun plural [Latin amnales, annalis, from annus, a year, the root of which may be the Celtic an, ain, a great circle. Varro says the word annus signifies a great circle.]

1. A species of history digested in order of time, or a relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. annals differ from history, in merely relating events, without observations on the motives, causes and consequences, which, in history, are more diffusively illustrated.

2. The books containing annals as the annals of Tacitus.

AN'NATS, noun [Latin annus.]

A year's income of a spiritual living; the first fruits, originally given to the Pope, upon the decease of a bishop, abbot or parish clerk, and paid by his successor. In England, they were, at the reformation, vested in the king, and in the reign of Queen Anne, restored to the church, and appropriated to the augmentation of poor livings.

ANNE'AL, verb transitive

1. To heat; to heat, as glass and iron for the purpose of rendering them less brittle, or to fix colors; vulgarly called nealing. This is done by heating the metal nearly to fluidity, in an oven or furnace, and suffering it to cool gradually. Metals made hard and brittle by hammering. by this process recover their malleability. The word is applied also to the baking of tiles.

2. To temper by heat; and Shenstone uses it for tempering by cold.

ANNE'ALED, participle passive Heated; tempered; made malleable and less brittle by heat.

ANNE'ALING, participle present tense heating; tempering by heat.

ANNEX', verb transitive [Latin annecto, annexum.]

1. To unite at the end; as to annex a codicil to a will. To subjoin, to affix.

2. To unite, as a smaller thing to a greater; as to annex a province to a kingdom.

3. To unite to something proceeding, as the main object; to connect with; as to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt.

ANNEX', verb intransitive To join; to be united.

ANNEXA'TION, noun The act of annexing, or uniting at the end; conjunction; addition; the act of connecting; union. In English law, the uniting of lands or rents to the crown.

ANNEX'ED, participle passive Joined at the end; connected with; affixed.

ANNEX'ING, participle present tense Uniting at the end; affixing.

ANNEX'ION, noun The act of annexing; annexation; addition. [Little used.]

ANNEX'MENT, noun The act of annexing; the thing annexed.

ANNI'HILABLE, adjective That may be annihilated.

ANNI'HILATE, verb transitive [Latin ad and nihilum, nothing, of ne, not, and hilum, a trifle.]

1. To reduce to nothing; to destroy the existence of.

No human power can annihilate matter.

2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting and carrying away the trees, though the timber may still exist; to annihilate a house by demolishing the structure.

ANNI'HILATED, participle passive Reduced to nothing; destroyed.

ANNI'HILATING, participle present tense Reducing to nothing; destroying the specific form of.

ANNIHILA'TION, noun

1. The act of reducing to nothing or non-existence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it, as the annihilation of a corporation.

2. The state of being reduced to nothing.

ANNIVERS'ARILY, adverb Annually.

ANNIVERS'ARY, adjective [Latin anniversarius, of annus, year, and verto, to turn.]

Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as an anniversary feast.

ANNIVERS'ARY, noun

1. A stated day returning with the revolution of the year. The term is applied to a day on which some remarkable event is annually celebrated, or a day on which an interesting event is commemorated by solemnities of religion, or exhibitions of respect. In the Romish church, a day in which an office is yearly performed for the souls of the deceased.

2. The act of celebration; performance in honor of an event.

ANNO DOMINI. [Latin] In the year of our Lord, noting the time from our Savior's incarnation; as Anno Domini, or adjective D. 1800.

This was written Anno Domini, 1809 and revised adjective D. 1825 and 1827.

ANNOMINA'TION, noun [Latin ad and nominatio, from nomino, to name, from nomen.]

1. A pun; the use of words nearly alike in sound, but of different meanings; a paronomasy.

2. Alliteration, or the use of two or more words successively beginning with the same letter.

ANNO'NA, noun [Latin annoma, from annus, a year, and signifying a year's production or increase; hence provisions.]

The custard apple, a genus of several species, one of which, the papaw, is common in the southern and western parts of the United States. [See Papaw.]

AN'NOTATE, verb intransitive [Latin annoto.] To comment; to make remarks on a writing.

ANNOTA'TION, noun [Latin annotatio, of ad and notatio, a marking, from noto, to mark, or nota, a mark.]

1. A remark, note or commentary on some passage of a book, intended to illustrate its meaning; generally used in the plural, as annotations on the scriptures.

2. The first symptoms of a fever, or attack of a paroxysm.

AN'NOTATOR, noun A writer of notes; a commentator; a scholiast; one who writes notes to illustrate the composition of an author.

ANNOT'TA, noun Orlean, or roucou; a hard dry paste, consisting of the pellicles of the seeds of the bixa orellana, a shrub growing in S. America and the W. Indies. It is moderately hard, of a brown color on the outside, and a dull red within. It is used in dyeing to give an orange cast to a simple yellow. It is used also in coloring cheese. [See Anotta.]

ANNOUNCE, verb transitive announs'. [Latin annuncio, to deliver a message, of ad and nuncio, to tell from nuncius, a messenger.]

1. To publish; to proclaim; to give notice, or first notice; as, the birth of Christ was announced by an angel.

2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence.

ANNOUN'CED, participle passive Proclaimed; first published.

ANNOUNCEMENT, noun announs'ment. The act of giving notice; proclamation; publication.

ANNOUN'CER, noun One that announces, or first gives notice; a proclaimer.

ANNOUN'CING, participle present tense Introducing notice; first publishing; proclaiming.

ANNOY', verb transitive [Latin neceo, to hurt, that is, to strike; neco, to kill.

To incommode; to injure or disturb by continued or repeated acts; to tease, vex or molest; as, to annoy an army by impeding their march, or by a continued cannonade.

ANNOY', noun Injury or molestation from continued acts or inconvenience.

ANNOY'ANCE, noun That which annoys, or injures; the act of annoying; the state of being annoyed. It includes something more than inconvenience.

ANNOY'ED, participle passive Incommoded, injured or molested by something that is continued or repeated.

ANNOY'ER, noun One that annoys.

ANNOY'FUL, adjective Giving trouble; incommoding; molesting. [Not used.]

ANNOY'ING, participle present tense Incommoding; hurting; molesting.

ANNOY'OUS, adjective Troublesome. [Not used.]

AN'NUAL, adjective [Latin annalis, from annus, a year; Gr.]

1. Yearly; that returns every year; coming yearly; as an annual feast.

2. Lasting or continuing only one year or season; that requires to be renewed every year; as an annual plant. Leaves that grow in the spring, and perish in the autumn, are called annual in opposition to evergreens.

3. Performed in a year; as the annual motion of the earth.

AN'NUAL, noun A plant that lives but one year, or rather but one summer.

AN'NUALLY, adverb Yearly; returning every year; year by year.

ANNU'ITANT, noun [See annuity.]

One who receives or is entitled to receive an annuity.

ANNU'ITY, noun [See Annual.]

A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life or for ever; an annual income, charged on the person of the grantor; or an annual allowance. Governments often borrow money upon annuities, that is, for a certain sum advanced on loan, the government contracts to pay the lender a specific sum, for life, or for a term of years. The stock created by such loans is transferable.

ANNUL', verb transitive [Latin ad nullum, to nothing.]

1. To make void; to nullify; to abrogate; to abolish; used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by competent authority.

2. To reduce to nothing; to obliterate. [Not is much use.]

AN'NULAR, adjective [Latin annulus, a ring, from Celtic ain, a circle, and ul, young, small; annulus, a little circle.]

Having the form of a ring; pertaining to a ring.

Annular crystal is when a hexahedral prism has six, or an octahedral prism eight marginal faces, disposed in a ring about each base; or when these prisms are truncated on all their terminal edges.

AN'NULARY, adjective Having the form of a ring.

AN'NULATED, adjective Furnished with rings, or circles, like rings; having belts.

AN'NULET, noun [Latin annulus, a ring.]

In architecture, a small square member in the Doric capital, under the quarter round; also a narrow flat molding, which is common to many places, as in the bases or capitals; called also a fillet, or listil, or cincture, or a list, timea, eye brow or square rabbit.

In heraldry, a little circle, borne as a charge is coats of arms; formerly reputed a mark of nobility and jurisdiction; it being the custom of prelates to receive their investiture per baculum et annulum, by staff and ring. It denotes also strength and eternity, by its circular form. Among the Romans, it represented liberty and distinction of rank. It denotes also difference, or mark of distinction, which the fifth brother of a family ought to bear on his coat of arms.

ANNUL'LED, participle passive Made void; abrogated.

ANNUL'LING, participle present tense Abrogating; abolishing.

ANNUL'MENT, noun The act of annulling.

ANNU'MERATE, verb transitive [Latin annumero, of ad and numero, to numer, from numerus, number. See Number.]

To add to a former number; to unite to something before mentioned.

ANNUMERA'TION, noun Addition to a former number.

ANNUN'CIATE, verb transitive [See Announce.] To bring tidings; to announce.

ANNUNCIA'TION, noun

1. An announcing; the tidings brought by the angel to Mary, of the incarnation of Christ. Also the day celebrated by the church, in memory of the angel's salutation of the blessed virgin, which is the 25th of March. The Jews give the title to a part of the ceremony of the passover.

2. Proclamation; promulgation.

ANNUNCIA'TOR, noun One who announces; an officer in the church of Constantinople, whose business was to inform the people of the festivals which were to be celebrated.

AN'ODYNE, [Gr. pain.]

Any medicine which allays pain, or causes sleep, as an opiate, paregoric, narcotic, etc.

AN'ODYNE, adjective Assuaging pain; causing sleep, or insensibility.

ANOINT', verb transitive [Latin ungo.]

1. To pour oil upon; to smear or rub over with oil or unctuous substances; also to spread over, as oil. We say, the man anoints another, or the oil anoints him.

2. To consecrate by unction, or the use of oil.

Thou shalt anoint the altar, and sanctify it. Exodus 29:7.

3. To smear or daub.

He anointed the eyes of the blind man with clay. John 9:6.

4. To prepare, in allusion to the consecrating use of oil.

ANOINT the shield. Isaiah 21:5.

To anoint the head with oil, Psalms 23:5. seems to signify to communicate the consolations of the Holy Spirit.

The use of oil in consecrations, was of high antiquity. Kings, prophets and priests were set apart or consecrated to their offices by the use of oil. Hence the peculiar application of the term anointed to Jesus Christ.

ANOINT'ED, participle passive Smeared or rubbed with oil; set apart; consecrated with oil.

ANOINT'ED, noun The Messiah, or Son of God, consecrated to the great office of Redeemer; called the Lord's anointed Cyrus is also called the Lord's anointed Isaiah 45:1.

ANOINT'ER, noun One who anoints.

ANOINT'ING, participle present tense Smearing with oil; pouring on oil, or other oleaginous substance; consecrating.

ANOINT'ING, noun The act of smearing with oil; a consecrating.

ANOINT'MENT, noun The act of anointing, or state of being anointed.

ANO'LE, noun A species of lizard in the W. Indies, of a yellowish color, having several blue and green stripes running down its back.

ANOM'ALIPED, adjective [Gr. inequality and Latin pes, foot.]

An epithet given to fowls, whose middle toe is united to the exterior by three phalanges, and to the interior by one only.

ANOM'ALIPED, noun An anomalous footed fowl. [See the adjective.]

ANOM'ALISM, noun An anomaly; a deviation from rule.

ANOMALIS'TIC,

ANOMALIS'TICAL, adjective Irregular; departing from common or established rules.

In astronomy, the anomalistic year is the time in which the earth passes through her orbit, which is longer than the tropical year, on account of the precession of the equinoxes.

ANOMALIS'TICAL, a. Irregular; departing from common or established rules.

ANOM'ALOUS, adjective Irregular; deviating from a general rule, method or analogy; applied, in grammar, to words which deviate from the common rules of inflection; and in astronomy, to the seemingly irregular motions of the planets; but applied also generally to whatever is irregular; as, an anomalous character; anomalous pronunciation.

ANOM'ALOUSLY, adverb Irregularly; in a manner different from common rule, method or analogy.

ANOM'ALY, noun [Gr. inequality, equal, similar.]

1. Irregularity; deviation from the common rule; thus oxen, the plural of ox, is an anomaly in grammar, as the regular plural would be oxes.

2. In astronomy, an irregularity in the motion of a planet, whereby it deviates from the aphelion or apogee.

3. In music, a false scale or interval.

ANO'MEANS, noun [Gr. dissimilar.]

In church history, the pure Arians, as distinguished from the Semi-Arians.

ANO'MIA, noun [Gr. rule.]

A genus of bivalve shells, so called from their unequal valves; the beaked cockle.

AN'OMITE, noun A fossil shell of the genus anomia.

ANOMORHOM'BOID, noun [Gr irregular, and of a rhomboidal figure.]

A genus os spars, pellucid, and crystaline, of no determinate form externally, but breaking into regular rhomboidal masses. The species are five, mostly of a white color.

AN'OMY, noun [Gr.] A violation of law. [Rarely used.]

ANON', adverb

1. Quickly; without intermission:soon; immediately.

The same is he that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it. Matthew 13:20.

2. Sometimes; now and then; at other times; accompanied with ever, ever and anon

ANON'YMOUS, a [Latin anonymus; Gr. name. See Name.]

Nameless; wanting a name; without the real name of the author; as, an anonymous pamphlet.

ANON'YMOUSLY, adverb Without a name.

AN'OPLOTHER,

ANOPLOTHE'RIUM, noun [Gr. a beast.]

This is the name which Cuvier has given to a genus of animals, whose bones are found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; a genus now extinct.

ANOPLOTHE'RIUM, n. [Gr. a beast.]

ANOP'SY, noun [Gr. sight.] Want of sight; invision. [Little used.]

AN'OREXY, noun [Gr. appetite.

Want of appetite, without a lothing of food.

ANOTH'ER, adjective [an, or one and other.]

1. Not the same; different; as, we have one form of government; France, another

2. One more, in addition to a former number, indefinitely; as, grant one request, they will ask another favor, another and another

3. Any other; any different person, indefinitely; as, 'Let another praise thee and not thy own mouth.' This word is often used without a noun, becoming a substitute for the name of the person or thing; as in the last example. It is also much used in opposition to one, as in the first and second passages cited. It is also frequently used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as, 'love one another; ' 'bear one another's burdens; ' that is, love one, or let one love another

ANOT'TA, noun An elegant red color, formed from the pellicles or pulp of the seeds of the bixa, a tree common in South America. This is called also Terra Orleana and Roco. The annotta is made by steeping the seeds for seven or eight days, pounding them to separate the red skins, then straining the liquor, boiling it, taking off the scum which is the coloring matter, then boiling it to a due consistence, and making it into balls.

AN'SATED, adjective [Latin ansatus, from ansa, a handle.]

Having a handle or handles, or something in the form of handles.

AN'SER, noun [Latin a goose.]

1. In zoology, the name of the goose, whether tame or wild. The domestic goose is the gray-lag or wild goose, domesticated.

2. In astronomy, a small star, in the milky way, between the swan and eagle.

AN'SERINE, adjective [Latin anserinum, from anser, a goose.]

1. Resembling the skin of a goose; uneven; as, an anserine skin.

2. Pertaining to the ansers.

AN'SERS, noun In Linne's system, the third order of aves or fowls, whose characteristics are a smooth bill, broadest at the point, covered with a smooth skin, and furnished with teeth. The tongue is fleshy, and the toes are webbed or palmated. It includes all the web-footed water fowls, with legs and feet adapted to swimming.

AN'SLAIGHT, noun [See Slay.] An attack; an affray. [Not in use.]

'ANSWER, verb transitive ansur.

1. To speak in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration or argument of another person; as, 'I have called and ye have not answered.' 'He answered the question or the argument.' This may be in agreement and confirmation of what was said, or in opposition to it.

2. To be equivalent to; to be adequate to, or sufficient to accomplish the object. 'Money answereth all things, ' noting, primarily, return.

3. To comply with, fulfill, pay or satisfy; as, he answered my order; to answer a debt.

4. To act in return, or opposition; as, the enemy answered our fire by a shower of grape shot.

5. To bear a due proportion to; to be equal or adequate; to suit; as, a weapon does not answer the size and strength of the man using it; the success does not answer our expectation.

6. To perform what was intended; to accomplish; as, the measure does not answer its end; it does not answer the purpose.

7. To be opposite to; to face; as, fire answers fire.

8. To write in reply; to reply to another writing, by way of explanation, refutation or justification; as, to answer a pamphlet.

9. To solve, as a proposition or problem in mathematics.

This word may be applied to a great variety of objects, expressing the idea of a return; as the notes, or sounds of birds, and other animals; an echo, etc.

'ANSWER, verb intransitive

1. To reply; to speak by way of return; as, there is none to answer 1 Kings 18:29.

2. To be accountable, liable or responsible; followed by to before the person, and for before the thing for which one is liable; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money entrusted to his care; we can not answer to God for our offenses.

3. To vindicate, or give a justificatory account of; followed by for; as, a man cannot answer for his friend.

4. To correspond with; to suit with; followed by to.

In water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Proverbs 27:11.

5. To act reciprocally, as the strings of an instrument to the hand.

6. To stand as opposite or correlative; as, allegiance in the subject answers to protection on the part of the prince or government.

7. To return, as sound reverberated; to echo.

The noise seems to fly away, and answer at a great distance.

8. To succeed; to effect the object intended; to have a good effect; as, gypsum answers as a manure on a dry soil.

ANSWER, noun

1. A reply; that which is said, in return to a call, a question, an argument or an allegation.

A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov.

I called him, but he gave me no answer Song of Solomon 5:6.

2. An account to be rendered to justice.

He will call you to so hot an answer for it.

3. In law, a counter-statement of facts, in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alleged.

4. A writing, pamphlet or book, in reply to another.

5. A reverberated sound; an echo.

6. A return; that which is sent in consequence of some petition, as a blessing is sent in answer to prayer.

7. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation.

8. The reply of a legislative body or house to an address or message of the supreme magistrate.

'ANSWERABLE, adjective

1. That may be answered; that to which a reply may be made, usually implying that the answer may be satisfactory; as, an answerable argument.

2. Obliged to give an account, or liable to be called to account; amenable; responsible; as, an agent is answerable to his principal.

3. Obliged or liable to pay, indemnify or make good; as, to be answerable for a debt or for damages.

4. Correspondent; agreeing with; in conformity with; as, the features expressed in a picture are answerable to the original.

5. Suitable; suited; proportionate; as, an achievement answerable to the preparation for it.

6. Equal; correspondent; proportionate; as, the success is answerable to my desires.

ANSWERABLENESS, noun The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.

ANSWERABLY, adverb In due proportion, correspondence or conformity; suitably; as, continents have rivers answerably larger than isles.

ANSWERED, participle passive Replied to; fulfilled; paid; complied with; accomplished; solved; confuted.

ANSWERER, noun One who answers; he or that which makes a return to what another has spoken; he who writes an answer.

'ANSWERING, participle present tense Replying; corresponding to; fulfilling; solving; succeeding; reverberating; confuting.

AN'T, in old authors, is a contraction of an it, that is if it. [See An.]

ANT, in our vulgar dialect, as in the phrases, I ant you ant he ant we ant etc., is undoubtedly a contraction of the Danish er, ere, the substantive verb in the present tense of the Indicative Mode. These phrases are doubtless legitimate remains of the Gothic dialect.

'ANT, noun

An emmet; a pismire. Ants constitute a genus of insects of the hymenopteral order, of which the characteristics are; a small scale between the breast and belly, with a joint so deep that the animal appears as if almost cut in two. The females, and the neuter or working ants, which have no sexual characteristics, are furnished with a hidden sting; and both males and females have wings, but the neuters have none. These insects meet together in companies, and maintain a sort of republic. They raise hillocks of earth, in which they live. In these there are paths, leading to the repositories of their provisions. The large black ants, in the warm climates of America, to avoid the effects of great rains, build large nests on trees, of light earth, roundish and plastered smooth.

AN'TA, noun In ancient architecture, a square column, at the corner of a building; a pilaster; written also ante.

ANTAC'ID, noun [anti and acid.]

In pharmacy, an alkali, or a remedy for sourness or acidity; better written anti-acid.

ANTAC'RID, noun [anti and acrid.] That which corrects acrimony; better written anti-acrid.

ANTAG'ONISM, noun Opposition of action; counteraction of things or principles.

ANTAG'ONIST, noun [Gr. against, and a champion. See Act and Agony.]

1. One who contends with another in combat; used primarily in the Grecian games. An adversary.

2. An opponent in controversy.

3. In anatomy, a muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends it.

ANTAG'ONIST, adjective Counteracting; opposing; combating; as, an antagonist muscle.

ANTAGONIS'TIC, adjective Opposing in combat; contending against.

ANTAG'ONIZE, verb intransitive To contend against; to act in opposition; to oppose in argument.

ANTAG'ONY, noun Contest; opposition [Not used.]

ANTAL'GIC, adjective [Gr. against, and pain.] Alleviating pain; anodyne.

ANTANACLA'SIS, noun [Gr. a driving back.]

1. In rhetoric, a figure, which consists in repeating the same word in a different sense; as, whilst we live, let us live. Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live without craft.

2. It is also a repetition of words, beginning a sentence, after a long parenthesis; as, shall that heart, (which not only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in them, ) shall that heart, etc.

ANTANAGO'GE, noun antanago'gy. [Gr. against, and a taking up.]

In rhetoric, a figure which consists in replying to an adversary, by way of recrimination; as, when the accusation of one party is unanswerable, the accused person charges him with the same or other crime.

ANTAPHRODIS'IAC, adjective [Gr. against, and venereal, from Venus.]

Antivenereal; having the quality of extinguishing or lessening venereal desire.

ANTAPHRODIS'IAC, noun A medicine that lessens or extinguishes the venereal appetite.

ANTAPHRODIT'IC, adjective [Gr. See the preceding words.] Antivenereal, abating the venereal appetite, or efficacious against the venereal disease.

ANTAPHRODIT'IC, noun A medicine which abates the venereal appetite, or is good against the venereal disease.

ANTAPOPLEC'TIC, adjective Good against apoplexy.

ANTARC'TIC, adjective [Gr. against, and the bear, a northern constellation.]

Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a lesser circle, distant from the pole 23 degrees 28'. Thus we say the antarctic pole, antarctic circle, or antarctic region.

ANTA'RES, noun The name of a star of the first magnitude, called also the scorpion's heart. Its longitude is 60 degrees 13' 14' of Sagittarius; and its latitude 4 degrees 31' 26 ' South.

ANTARTHRIT'IC, noun A remedy which cures or alleviates the gout.

ANTARTHRIT'IC, adjective [Gr against, and gout.] Counteracting the gout.

ANTASTHMAT'IC, adjective [Gr. against, and asthma.] Opposing the asthma.

ANTASTHMAT'IC, noun A remedy for the asthma.

AN'TE. A Latin preposition, Gr.; much used in the composition of English words, especially in words from the Latin and Greek languages. It signifies before in place, in front; hence opposite, contrary; and figuratively, before in time. The Latin ante is generally used in the sense of before, and the Greek, in that of opposite, or in the place of.

AN'TE or AN'TA, noun A pilaster. In heraldry, ante denotes that the pieces are let into one another, in the manner there expressed, as by dove tails, rounds, swallow tails, etc.

AN'TEACT, noun [ante and act.] A preceding act.

ANTECEDA'NEOUS, adjective [Infra.] Antecedent; preceding in time.

ANTECE'DE, verb transitive [ante and cedo, to go. See Cede.] To go before in time; to precede.

ANTECE'DENCE, noun The act or state of going before in time; precedence. In astronomy, an apparent motion of a planet towards the west, or contrary to the order of the signs.

ANTECE'DENT, adjective Going before in time; prior; anterior; preceding; as, an event antecedent to the deluge.

ANTECE'DENT, noun That which goes before in time; hence in writings, that which precedes in place. In grammar, the noun to which a relative or other substitute refers; as, Solomon was the prince, who built the Temple. In logic, the first of two propositions in an enthymeme, or argument of two propositions; as, if the sun is fixed, the earth must move. Here the first and conditional proposition is the antecedent; the second, the consequent.

In mathematics, the first of two terms of a ratio, or that which is compared with the other.

ANTECE'DENTLY, adverb Previously; at a time preceding.

ANTECES'SOR, noun [Latin whence ancestor. See Antecede.]

1. One who goes before; a leader; a principal. It was formerly a title given to those who excelled in any science; to professors of civil law; and in the Universities of France, the teachers of law take the title in their theses.

2. One that possessed land before the present possessor.

AN'TECHAMBER, noun [Ante, before, and chamber.]

A chamber or apartment before the chief apartment to which it leads, and in which persons wait for audience.

ANTECHAP'EL, noun The part of the chapel through which is the passage to the choir or body of it.

ANTE'CIAN, noun [Gr. opposite, and to dwell; Latin antaci.]

In geography, the antecians are those inhabitants of the earth, under the same meridian, and at the same distance from the equator, but, on opposite sides, one party north, the other south. They have the same hours of day and night, but different seasons; it being winter with one, when it is summer with the other.

ANTECURS'OR, noun [Latin ante, before, and cursor, a runner, from curro, to run. See Course.]

One who runs before; a forerunner. In the Roman armies, the antecursors were a body of horse detached to obtain intelligence, get provisions, etc., for the main body.

AN'TEDATE, noun [Infra.] Prior date; a date antecedent to another.

AN'TEDATE, verb transitive [Latin ante, and datum, given. See Date.]

1. To date before the true time; thus, to antedate a deed or a bond is to express a date anterior to the true time of its execution.

2. To anticipate; to take before the true time.

And antedate the bliss above.

ANTEDILU'VIAL,

ANTEDILU'VIAN, adjective [Latin ante and diluvium, a flood. See Lave.]

Before the flood, or deluge, in Noah's time; existing, happening, or relating to what happened before the deluge.

ANTEDILU'VIAN, noun One who live before the deluge.

ANTEDILU'VIAN, a. [L. ante and diluvium, a flood. See Lave.]

ANTEDILU'VIAN, n. One who live before the deluge.

AN'TELOPE, noun [Gr. resembling a deer.]

In zoology, the gazelle; a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and goat. Their horns are solid and permanent straight or curved; in some species annulated; in others, surrounded by a spiral; and in others, smooth. They resemble the deer in the lightness and elegance of their forms, and in their agility. They inhabit open plains or mountains and some species in herds of two or three thousand. Their eyes are large, black, and of exquisite beauty and vivacity; and are therefore a favorite image with the eastern poets.

ANTELU'CAN, adjective [Latin antelucanus, of ante, before, and lux, light.]

Being before light; a word applied to assemblies of christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light in the morning.

ANTEMERID'IAN, adjective [ante, before, and meridian.]

Being before noon; pertaining to the forenoon.

ANTEMET'IC, adjective [against, and emetic, from to vomit.] Restraining or allaying vomiting.

ANTEMET'IC, noun A medicine which checks vomiting.

ANTEMUND'ANE, adjective [ante, before, and mundus, the world.] Being before the creation of the world.

ANTENI'CENE, adjective [ante, before, and Nicene, from Nice.]

Anterior to the first council of Nice; as antenicene faith.

ANTEN'NAE, noun plural [Latin antenna, a sail yard.]

In zoology, the horns or feelers of insects, projecting from the head.

ANTENUM'BER, noun A number that precedes another.

ANTENUP'TIAL, adjective [ante and nuptial.]

Being before marriage; as, an antenuptial agreement; antenuptial children.

ANTEPASCH'AL, adjective Pertaining to the time before Easter.

AN'TEPAST, noun [ante, before, and pastum, fed.]

A foretaste; something taken before the proper time.

ANTEPENULT', noun [Latin ante, before, pene, almost, and ultimus, last.]

The last syllable of a word, except two; as syl in syllable.

ANTEPENULT'IMATE, adjective Pertaining to the last syllable but two.

ANTEPHEP'TIC, adjective [against, and epileptic, from to seize.]

Resisting or curing epilepsy.

ANTEPILEP'TIC, noun A remedy for the epilepsy.

ANTEPOSI'TION, noun s as z. [Latin ante, before, and position, from pono, to place.]

In grammar, the placing of a word before another which by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.

ANTEPREDIC'AMENT, noun [ante and predicament.]

A preliminary question in logic to illustrate the doctrine of predicaments and categories; a question which is to be first known.

ANTE'RIOR, adjective [Latin]

1. Before in time or place; prior; antecedent; preceding in time.

2. Before or in front in place.

ANTERIOR'ITY, noun The state of being anterior, preceding or in front; a state of being before in time, or situation.

AN'TEROOM, noun [ante and room.] A room before or in front of another.

AN'TES, noun plural [Latin] Pillars of large dimensions that support the front of a building.

ANTESTAT'URE, noun [ante and stature.]

In fortification, a small retrenchment or work formed of palisades, or sacks of earth.

ANTESTOM'ACH, noun [ante and stomach.]

A cavity which leads into the stomach, as the crop in birds. [Not in use.]

ANTEVERT', verb transitive [Latin anteverto.] To prevent. [Not in use.]

ANTEVIRGIL'IAN, adjective A term given to Tull's new husbandry, or method of horse hoeing.

ANTHELMIN'TIC, adjective [against, and a worm.] Good against worms.

ANTHELMIN'TIC, noun A remedy for worms in the intestines.

AN'THEM, noun [Gr. against, and a hymn, from to sing. See Hymn.]

A hymn sung in alternate parts; but in modern usage, a sacred tune or piece of music set to words, taken from the psalms or other parts of the scriptures, first introduced into church service in Elizabeth's reign.

AN'THEMIS, noun Camomile.

AN'THER, noun [Latin anthera, a flowery plant, from the Greek, flowery, from a flower.]

In botany, the summit or top of the stamen, connected with the flower, and elevated by means of the filament or thread, within the corol. It contains the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature, is emitted for the impregnation of the stigma. It is called by Ray, the apex, and by Malpighi, the capsula staminis.

AN'THERAL, adjective Pertaining to anthers.

ANTHERIF'EROUS, adjective [anther and fero, to bear.] Producing anthers.

ANTHESTE'RION, noun The sixth month of the Athenian year, consisting of 29 days, and answering to a part of November and a part of December. It is supposed to be so called from the Anthesteria, feasts in honor of Bacchus, celebrated in that month, and so called, a flower; garlands of flowers being offered to Bacchus at those feasts.

ANTHOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to anthology.

ANTHOL'OGY, noun [Gr. a flower, and a discourse, a collection.]

1. A discourse on flowers.

2. A collection of beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams. In the Greek church, a collection of devotional pieces.

AN'THONY'S FIRE, A popular name of the crysipelas, supposed to have been so named from the saint in Italy, to whom those, who were affected, applied for a cure.

ANTHOPH'YLLITE, noun [Gr. a flower, and a leaf.]

A mineral in masses composed of interlaced plates, or crystallized in reed-shaped crystals, which appear to be four sided prisms longitudinally streaked. The color is between dark yellowish gray and olive brown; the luster shining and pearly.

AN'THORISM, noun [Gr. opposite, and definition.]

In rhetoric, a description or definition contrary to that which is given by the adverse party.

AN'THRACITE, noun [Gr. a burning coal; infra.]

Slaty glance-coal, or columnar glance coal; that species of coal which has a shining luster, approaching to metallic, and which burns without smoke, and with intense heat. It consists essentially of carbon.

AN'THRACOLITE. [See Anthracite.]

AN'THRAX, noun [Gr.; supra.]

A carbuncle; a malignant ulcer, with intense burning. The ancients gave this name to a gem, and it is sometimes used for lithanthrax or pit-coal.

ANTHROP'OGLOT, [Gr. man, and the tongue.]

An animal which has a tongue resembling that of a man, of which kind are parrots.

ANTHROPOG'RAPHY, noun [Gr. man, and description.]

A description of man or the human race, or of the parts of the human body.

ANTHROP'OLITE, noun [Gr. man, and a stone.]

A petrifaction of the human body, or skeleton. Some naturalists have asserted that skeletons of the animal frame have been found petrified in old mines; but the fact is not credited, and the existence of such petrifactions is denied.

Capt. Wilford informs us, that in digging a well near the Ganga, some persons found, at the depth of 90 feet, on an old bed of that river, the bones of men and quadrupeds, supposed to be petrifactions.

The skeleton of a man has been found in limestone rock, of recent formation, in Guadaloupe.

Human bones have also been found, by Prof. Buckland, in the open cave of Paviland, Glamorganshire. He considers them postdiluvian.

ANTHROPOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to anthropology; according to human manner of speaking.

ANTHROPOL'OGIST, noun One who describes, or is versed in the physical history of the human body.

ANTHROPOL'OGY, noun [Gr. man, and discourse.]

1. A discourse upon human nature.

2. The doctrine of the structure of the human body; the natural history or physiology of the human species.

3. The word denotes that manner of expression by which the inspired writers attribute human parts and passions to God.

ANTHROPOM'ANCY, noun [Gr. man, and divination.]

Divination by inspecting the entrails of a human being.

ANTHROPOMORPH'ISM, noun The heresy of the anthropomorphites.

ANTHROPOMORPH'ITE, noun [Gr. man, and form.]

One who believes a human form in the Supreme Being. A sect of ancient heretics are called anthropomorphites.

ANTHROPOMORPH'OUS, adjective Belonging to that which has the form of man; having the figure of resemblance to a man.

ANTHROPOP'ATHY, noun [man, and passion.]

The affections of man, or the application of human passions to the Supreme Being.

ANTHROPOPH'AGI, noun plural [Gr. man, and to eat.]

Maneaters; cannibals; men that eat human flesh.

ANTHROPOPH'AGOUS, adjective Feeding on human flesh.

ANTHROPOPH'AGY, noun The eating of human flesh, or the practice of eat it.

ANTHROPOS'COPY, noun [Gr. man, and to view.]

The art of discovering or judging of a man's character, passions and inclinations from the lineaments of his body.

ANTHROPOS'OPHY, noun [Gr. man, and wisdom.]

Knowledge of the nature of man; acquaintance with man's structure and functions, comprehending anatomy and physiology.

ANTHYPNOT'IC, adjective Corrupt orthography. [See Antihypnotic.]

ANTHYPOCHOND'RIAC. [See Antihypochondriac.]

ANTHYPOPH'ORA. [See Antihypophora.]

ANTHYSTER'IC. [See Antihysteric.]

AN'TI, noun [Gr. See Ante.] A preposition signifying against, opposite, contrary, or in place of; used in many English words.

ANTIAC'ID, adjective Opposing or removing acidity. Often written antacid.

ANTIAC'ID, noun An alkali; a medicine proper to correct sourness, or acidity; an absorbent, as chalk, magnesia, coral, sea shells, hematite, steel fillings; or an obtundent, as oil or fat; or an immutant, as lixivious salts, and soaps.

ANTIAMER'ICAN, adjective Opposed to America, or to the true interests or government of the United States; opposed to the revolution in America.

ANTIARTHRIT'IC, adjective [See Antarthritic.] Good against the gout.

ANTIARTHRIT'IC, noun A remedy for the gout.

ANTIASTHMAT'IC, adjective [See Antasthmatic.] Good against asthma.

ANTIASTHMAT'IC, noun A remedy for the asthma.

ANTIBAC'CHIUS, noun [Gr. a foot of one short and two long syllables.]

In poetry, a foot of three syllables, the two first long and the last short, as ambire; opposed to the bacchius, in which the first syllable is short and the two last long. This foot is supposed to be so named from its use in hymns to Bacchus.

ANTIBASIL'ICAN, adjective s as z. [Gr. a palace; Latin royal, a hall of justice.] Opposed to royal state and magnificence.

AN'TIC, adjective [Latin antiquus.] Odd' fanciful; as, antic tricks.

AN'TIC, noun

1. A buffoon or merry Andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations.

2. Odd appearance; fanciful figures.

3. In architecture, sculpture and painting, such pieces as were made by the ancients; usually written antique, and pronounced anteek, but without any good reason.

AN'TIC, verb transitive To make antic

ANTICACHEC'TIC, adjective [Gr. of an ill habit of body.]

Curing or tending to cure an ill habit of the constitution.

ANTICAT'ARRHAL, adjective [against, and a catarrh.] Good against catarrh.

ANTICAT'ARRHAL, adjective Remedy for catarrh.

ANTICAUSOT'IC, adjective [against, and a burning fever.] Good against a burning fever.

ANTICAUSOT'IC, noun A remedy for a burning fever.

ANTICHACHEC'TIC, noun A medicine that tends to correct an ill habit of body.

ANTICHRIS'TIAN, adjective Pertaining to antichrist; opposite to or opposing the christian religion.

ANTICHRIS'TIAN, noun A follower of antichrist; one opposed to the christian religion.

ANTICHRIS'TIANISM, noun Opposition or contrariety to the christian religion.

ANTICHRISTIAN'ITY, noun Opposition or contrariety to christianity.

ANTICH'RONISM, noun [Gr. time.] Deviation from the true order of time.

ANTIC'IPATE, verb transitive [Latin anticipo, of ante, before, and capio, to take.]

1. To take or act, before another, so as to prevent him; to take first possession.

2. To take before the proper time; as, the advocate has anticipated that part of his argument.

3. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of something future; as, to anticipate the pleasures of an entertainment; to anticipate the evils of life.

4. To prevent by crowding in before; to preclude.

[This sense is essentially included in the first.]

ANTIC'IPATED, participle passive Taken before; foretasted; foreseen; precluded; prevented.

ANTIC'IPATING, participle present tense Taking before; foretasting; precluding; preventing.

ANTICIPA'TION, noun

1. The act of taking up, placing, or considering something before the proper time, in natural order; prevention.

2. Foretaste; previous view or impression of what is to happen afterward; as, the anticipation of the joys of heaven.

The happy anticipation of a renewed existence in company with the spirits of the just.

3. Previous notion; preconceived opinion, produced in the mind, before the truth is known; slight previous impression.

4. The attack of a fever before the usual time.

5. In music, the obtrusion of a chord upon a syncopated note, to which it forms a discord.

ANTIC'IPATOR, noun One who anticipates.

ANTIC'IPATORY, adjective Taking before the time.

ANTICLI'MAX, noun [Gr. opposite, and climax. See Climate.]

A sentence in which the ideas fall or become less important and striking at the close; opposed to climax. For example,

Next comes Dalhousie, the great God of war,

Lieutenant Col'nel to the Earl of Mar.

AN'TICLY, adverb In an antic manner; with odd postures and gesticulations; with fanciful appearance.

AN'TICMASK or AN'TIMASK, noun A mask of antics.

ANTICONSTITU'TIONAL, adjective Opposed to or against the constitution.

ANTICONSTITU'TIONAL, adjective Opposed to or against the constitution.

ANTICONTA'GIONIST, noun One who opposes the doctrine of contagion.

ANTICONTA'GIOUS, adjective [and contagious.] Opposing or destroying contagion.

ANTICONVUL'SIVE, adjective [and convulsive.] Good against convulsions.

AN'TICOR, noun [anti, and Latin cor, the heart.]

Among farriers, an inflammation in a horse's throat, answering to the quinsy in man.

ANTICOSMET'IC, adjective [anti and cosmetic. See Cosmetic.] Destructive or injurious to beauty.

ANTICOSMET'IC, noun Any preparation which injures beauty.

AN'TICOURT, adjective In opposition to the court. [Not used.]

ANTICOURTIER, noun anticortyer. [anti and courtier.]

One who opposed the court, or the measures of administration.

ANTICREA'TOR, noun One that opposes the creator.

ANTIDEMOCRAT'IC,

ANTIDEMOCRAT'ICAL, adjective Opposing democracy; contrary to government by the people.

ANTIDEMOCRAT'ICAL, a. Opposing democracy; contrary to government by the people.

AN'TIDOTAL, adjective That has the quality of preventing the ill effects of poison, or of any thing noxious or mischievous.

AN'TIDOTE, noun [against, to give.]

1. A medicine to counteract the effects of poison, or of any thing noxious taken into the stomach.

2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract the evil which something else might produce.

ANTIDO'TICAL, adjective Serving as an antidote.

ANTIDO'TICALLY, adverb By way of antidote.

ANTIDYSENTER'IC, adjective [Gr. against, and dysenteric.] Good against the dysentery, or bloody flux.

ANTIDYSENTER'IC, noun A remedy for dysentery.

ANTIEMET'IC, adjective [Gr. against, and emetic, from to vomit.] Having the quality of allaying vomiting.

ANTIEMET'IC, noun A remedy to check or allay vomiting.

ANTIENNEAHE'DRAL, adjective [Gr. opposite, nine, and side.]

In crystallography, having nine faces on two opposite parts of the crystal.

ANTIENTHUSIAS'TIC, adjective [anti and enthusiastic.] Opposing enthusiasm.

AN'TIENTRY, noun [More correctly, ancientry.] Cast of antiquity; that which is ancient.

ANTIEPISC'OPAL, adjective Adverse to episcopacy.

ANTIEVANGEL'ICAL, adjective Contrary to orthodoxy, or the genuine sense of the gospel.

AN'TIFACE, noun Opposite face.

ANTIFANAT'IC, noun An opposer of fanaticism.

ANTIFE'BRILE, adjective [against, and febrile.]

That has the quality of abating fever; opposing or tending to cure fever.

ANTIFE'BRILE, noun A medicine that cures, abates, or tends to allay fever.

ANTIFLAT'TERING, adjective Opposite to flattery.

ANTIGUG'LER, noun [anti and guggle.]

A crooked tube of metal, so bent as to be introduced into the neck of a bottle, for drawing out the liquor, without disturbing the sediment.

ANTIHEC'TIC, adjective [Gr. against, and hectic.]

That has the quality of opposing or curing hectical disorders.

ANTIHEC'TIC, noun A medicine that is good in the cure of hectic disorders.

ANTIHYPNOT'IC, adjective [Gr. sleep.]

Counteracting sleep; tending to prevent sleep or lethargy.

ANTIHYPNOT'IC, noun A medicine that prevents or tends to prevent sleep.

ANTIHYPOCHOND'RIAC, adjective [Gr. hypochondriac.]

That counteracts or tends to cure hypochondriac affections, and depression of spirits.

ANTIHYPOCHOND'RIAC, noun A remedy for hypochondriac affections and low spirits.

ANTIHYPOPH'ORA, noun [Gr. an inference.]

In rhetoric, a figure which consists in refuting an objection by the opposition of a contrary sentence.

ANTIHYSTER'IC, adjective [Gr. uterus.] Counteracting hysterics.

ANTIHYSTER'IC, noun A medicine that cures or counteracts hysterical affections.

ANTILOG'ARITHM, noun [anti and logarithm.]

The complement of the logarithm of any sine, tangent or secant, to 90 degrees.

ANTIL'OGY, noun [Gr. against, and speech.]

A contradiction between any words or passages in an author.

ANTIMAGIS'TRICAL, adjective Opposed to the office of magistrates. [Not used.]

ANTIMA'NIAC,

ANTIMANI'ACAL, adjective [anti and maniac.] Counteracting or curing madness or frenzy.

ANTIMANI'ACAL, a. [anti and maniac.] Counteracting or curing madness or frenzy.

AN'TIMASK, noun A lesser mask.

ANTIMETAB'OLE, noun antimetab'oly. [Gr. against, and mutation.]

In rhetoric, a setting of two things in opposition to each other; as, an honorable action may be attended with labor, but the labor is soon past, and the honor is immortal.

ANTIMETATH'ESIS, noun [Gr. against, and a transposition.]

In rhetoric, an inversion of the parts or members of an antithesis; as, 'Compare the arrival of this governor, with the victory of that general.' Compare this peace with that war.'

ANTIM'ETER, noun [Gr. measure.]

An optical instrument for measuring angles, with greater accuracy than can be done by the usual quadrants or sextants.

ANTIMET'RICAL, adjective Contrary to the rules of meter or verse.

ANTIMINISTE'RIAL, adjective [anti and ministerial.]

Opposed to the ministry, or administration of government.

ANTIMINISTE'RIALIST, noun One that opposes the ministry.

ANTIMONARCH'ICAL, adjective [anti, against and monarchical.]

Opposed to monarchy; that opposes a kingly government.

ANTIMONARCH'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being opposed to monarchy.

ANTIMO'NIAL, adjective [from antimony.]

Pertaining to antimony; relating to antimony, or partaking of its qualities.

ANTIMO'NIAL, noun A preparation of antimony; a medicine in which antimony is a principal ingredient.

ANTIMO'NIATE, noun A compound or salt composed of antimonic acid and a base.

ANTIMO'NIATED, adjective Partaking of antimony; mixed or prepared with antimony; as antimoniated tartar.

ANTIMO'NIC, adjective Pertaining to antimony; the antimonic acid is a peroxide of antimony.

ANTIMO'NIOUS, adjective Pertaining to antimony. The antimonious acid is a deutoxyd of antimony.

AN'TIMONITE, noun A compound of antimonious acid and a base.

AN'TIMONY, noun [Low Latin antimonium.]

Primarily, a metallic ore consisting of sulphur combined with a metal; the sulphuret of antimony the stibium of the Romans and of the Greeks. It is a blackish mineral, which stains the hands, hard, brittle, full of long, shining, needlelike striae. It is found in the mines of Bohemia, and Hungary; in France and England, and in America. This word is also used for the pure metal of regulus of antimony a metal of a grayish or silvery white, very brittle, and of a plated or scaly texture, and of moderate specific gravity. By exposure to air, its surface becomes tarnished, but does not rust. It is used as an ingredient in concave mirrors, giving them a finer texture. In bells, it renders the sound more clear; it renders tin more hard, white and sonorous, and gives to printing types more firmness and smoothness. It is also useful in promoting the fusion of metals, and especially in casting cannon balls. In its crude state, it is harmless to the human constitution; but many of its preparations act violently as emetics and cathartics. It has also a peculiar efficacy in promoting the secretions, particularly as a sudorific.

ANTIMOR'ALIST, noun An opposer of morality.

ANTIMU'SICAL, adjective Opposed to music; having no ear for music.

ANTINEPHRIT'IC, adjective [anti, and nephritic, which see.]

Counteracting diseases of the kidneys.

ANTINEPHRIT'IC, noun A medicine that tends to remove diseases of the kidneys.

ANTINO'MIAN, adjective [Gr. against, and law.] Against law; pertaining to the Antinomians.

ANTINO'MIAN, noun One of a sect who maintain, that, under the gospel dispensation, the law is of no use or obligation; or who hold doctrines which supersede the necessity of good works and a virtuous life. This sect originated with John Agricola about the year 1538.

ANTINO'MIANISM, noun The tenets of Antinomians.

AN'TINOMIST, noun One who pays no regard to the law, or to good works.

AN'TINOMY, noun A contradiction between two laws, or between two parts of the same law.

ANTIO'CHIAN, adjective Pertaining to Antiochus, the founder of a sect of philosophers, contemporary with Cicero. This sect was a branch of the academics, though Antiochus was a stoic. He attempted to reconcile the doctrines of the different schools, and was the last preceptor of the Platonic school.

The antiochian epoch was a method of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia.

ANTIPA'PAL, adjective Opposing popery.

ANTIPAPIS'TIC,

ANTIPAPIS'TICAL, adjective Opposed to popery or papacy.

ANTIPAPIS'TICAL, a. Opposed to popery or papacy.

ANTIPAR'ALLEL, adjective Running in a contrary direction.

ANTIPARALYT'IC, adjective [paralytic, which see.] Good against the palsy.

ANTIPARALYT'IC, noun A remedy for the palsy.

ANTIPATHET'IC,

ANTIPATHET'ICAL, adjective [See Antipathy.]

Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion to a thing.

ANTIPATHET'ICAL, a. [See Antipathy.]

ANTIPATHET'ICALNESS, noun The quality or state of having an aversion or contrariety to a thing.

ANTIP'ATHY, noun [Gr. against, and feeling.]

1. Natural aversion; instinctive contrariety or opposition in feeling; an aversion felt at the presence, real or ideal, of a particular object. This word literally denotes a natural aversion, which may be of different degrees, and in some cases may excite terror or horror at the presence of an object. Such is the aversion of animals for their natural enemies, as the antipathy of a mouse to a cat, or a weasel. Sometimes persons have an insuperable constitutional antipathy to certain kinds of food.

The word is applied also to aversion contracted by experience or habit; as when a person has suffered an injury from some food, or from an animal, which before was not an object of hatred; or when a particular kind of food or medicine is taken into a sickly stomach, and which nauseates it; the effect is antipathy which is often of long continuance.

2. In ethics, antipathy is hatred, aversion or repugnancy; hatred to persons; aversion to persons or things; repugnancy to actions. Of these hatred is most voluntary. Aversion, and antipathy in its true sense, depend more on the constitution; repugnancy may depend on reason or education.

Inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided.

3. In physics, a contrariety in the properties or affections of matter, as of oil and water, which will not mix.

Antipathy is regularly followed by to, sometimes by against; and is opposed to sympathy.

ANTIPATRIOT'IC, adjective Not patriotic; opposing the interests of one's country.

Antipatriotic prejudices.

ANTIPEDOBAP'TIST, noun [Gr. against, a child, and baptize.]

One who is opposed to the baptism of infants.

ANTIPERISTAL'TIC, adjective [See Peristaltic.]

Opposed to peristaltic; retroverted, as in vomiting; as, the antiperistaltic motion of the intestines.

ANTIPERIS'TASIS, noun [Gr. against, and a standing around.]

The opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quality opposed acquires strength; or the action by which a body attacked collects force by opposition; or the intention of the activity of one quality by the opposition of another. Thus quick-lime is set on fire, or sensible heat is excited in it, by mixture with water; and cold applied to the human body may increase its heat.

ANTIPERISTAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to antiperistasis.

ANTIPESTILEN'TIAL, adjective [anti and pestilential, which see.]

Counteracting contagion or infection; having the quality of opposing or destroying pestilential diseases.

ANTIPHLOGIS'TIAN, noun [anti and phlogiston, which see.]

An opposer of the theory of phlogiston.

ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, adjective Counteracting heat or inflammation; tending to reduce arterial action; opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston.

ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, noun Any medicine or diet which tends to reduce inflammation or the activity of the vital power.

AN'TIPHON, noun [See Antiphony.]

The chant or alternate singing in choirs of cathedrals.

ANTIPH'ONAL,

ANTIPH'ONARY, noun [contrary, and sound, voice.]

A service book, in the Catholic church, containing all the invitatories, responsories, collects, and whatever is said or sung in the choir, except the lessons; called also a responsary; compiled by Gregory the Great.

ANTIPH'ONARY, n. [contrary, and sound, voice.]

ANTIPH'ONER, noun A book of anthems or antiphons.

ANTIPHON'IC,

ANTIPHON'ICAL, adjective [See Antiphony.] Pertaining to antiphony or alternate singing.

ANTIPHON'ICAL, a. [See Antiphony.] Pertaining to antiphony or alternate singing.

ANTIPH'ONY, noun [contrary, and voice.]

1. The answer of one choir to another, when an anthem or psalm is sung by two choirs; alternate singing.

2. A species of psalmody, when a congregation is divided into two parts, and each sings the verses alternately.

3. The words given out at the beginning of a psalm, to which both the choirs are to accommodate their singing.

4. A musical composition of several verses, extracted from different psalms.

ANTIPH'RASIS, noun [Gr. against, and a form of speech.]

The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a court of vengeance.

ANTIPHRAS'TIC,

ANTIPHRAS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to antiphrasis.

ANTIPHRAS'TICAL, a. Pertaining to antiphrasis.

ANTIP'ODAL, adjective Pertaining to the antipodes; having the feet directly opposite.

AN'TIPODE, noun [Gr. opposite, and foot.]

One who lives on the opposite side of the globe, and of course, whose feet are directly opposite.

ANTIPOI'SON, noun s as z. An antidote for poison.

AN'TIPOPE, noun [anti and pope.]

One who usurps the papal power, in opposition to the pope.

AN'TIPOPE, noun An outward gate or door.

ANTIPRELAT'ICAL, adjective Adverse to prelacy.

AN'TIPRIEST, noun An opposer or enemy of priests.

ANTIPRIE'STCRAFT, noun Opposition to priestcraft.

ANTIPRIN'CIPLE, noun An opposite principle.

ANTIPROPH'ET, noun An enemy or opposer of prophets.

ANTIP'TOSIS, noun [Gr. case.]

In grammar, the putting of one case for another.

ANTIPU'RITAN, noun An opposer of puritans.

ANTIQUA'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity. As a noun, this is used for antiquary.

ANTIQUA'RIANISM, noun Love of antiquities.

AN'TIQUARY, noun [Latin antiquarius.]

One who studies into the history of ancient things, as statues, coins, medals, paintings, inscriptions, books and manuscripts, or searches for them, and explains their origin and purport; one versed in antiquity.

AN'TIQUATE, verb transitive [Latin antiquo. See Antiquary.]

To make old, or obsolete; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use. Hence, when applied to laws or customs, it amounts to make void or abrogate.

Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws and antiquate or abrogate old ones.

AN'TIQUATED, participle passive Grown old; obsolete; out of use; having lost its binding force by non-observance; as an antiquated law.

AN'TIQUATEDNESS, noun The state of being old or obsolete.

ANTIQUA'TION, noun The state of being antiquated.

ANTIQUE, adjective antee'k. [Latin antiquus, probably from ante.]

1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; in this sense it usually refers to the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome; as an antique statue.

2. Old, as it respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of old fashion, as an antique robe.

3. Odd; wild; fanciful; more generally written antic.

ANTIQUE, noun antee'k. In general, any thing very old; but in a more limited sense, the remains of ancient artists, as busts, statues, paintings and vases, the works of Grecian and Roman antiquity.

ANTIQUENESS, noun antee'kness. The quality of being ancient; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship.

ANTIQ'UITY, noun [Latin antiquitas.]

1. Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; a very indefinite term; as, Cicero was the most eloquent orator of antiquity

2. The ancients; the people of ancient times; as, the fact is admitted by all antiquity

Meaning that mankind are inclined to verify the predictions of antiquity

3. Ancientness; great age; the quality of being ancient; as, a statue of remarkable antiquity; a family of great antiquity

4. Old age; a ludicrous sense used by Shak.

5. The remains of ancient times. In this sense it is usually or always plural. Antiquities comprehend all the remains of ancient times; all the monuments, coins, inscriptions, edifices, history and fragments of literature, offices, habiliments, weapons, manners, ceremonies; in short, whatever respects any of the ancient nations of the earth.

ANTIREVOLU'TIONARY, adjective [See Revolution.]

Opposed to a revolution; opposed to an entire change in the form of government.

ANTIREVOLU'TIONIST, noun One who is opposed to a revolution in government.

ANTISABBATA'RIAN, noun [anti and sabbath.]

One of a sect who oppose the observance of the Christian sabbath; maintaining that the Jewish sabbath was only of ceremonial, not of moral obligation, and was consequently abolished by Christ.

ANTISA'BIAN, adjective [See sabian.]

Opposed or contrary to Sabianism, or the worship of the celestial orbs.

ANTISACERDO'TAL, adjective Adverse to priests.

ANTIS'CIAN, ANTIS'CIANS, noun [Latin antiscii, of Gr. opposite, and shadow.]

ANTIS'CIAN, ANTIS'CIANS, noun [Latin antiscii, of Gr. opposite, and shadow.]

In geography, the inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in contrary directions. Those who live north of the equator are antiscians to those on the south, and vice versa; the shadows on one side being cast towards the north; those on the other, towards the south.

ANTISCORBU'TIC, adjective [anti and scorbutic.] which see.]

Counteracting the scurvy.

ANTISCORBU'TIC, noun A remedy for the scurvy.

ANTISCRIP'TURISM, noun Opposition to the Holy Scriptures.

ANTISCRIP'TURIST, noun One that denies revelation.

ANTISEP'TIC, adjective [Gr. putrid, from to putrify.]

Opposing or counteracting putrefaction.

ANTISEP'TIC, noun A medicine which resists or corrects putrefaction, as acids, stimulants, saline substances, astringents, etc.

ANTISO'CIAL, adjective [See Social.]

Averse to society; that tends to interrupt or destroy social intercourse.

ANTIS'PASIS, noun [Gr. against, and to draw.]

A revulsion of fluids, from one part of the body to another.

ANTISPASMOD'IC, adjective [Gr. against, and from to draw.]

Opposing spasm; resisting convulsions; as anodynes.

ANTISPASMOD'IC, noun A remedy for spasm or convulsions, as opium, balsam of Peru, and the essential oils of vegetables.

ANTISPAS'TIC, adjective [See Antispasis.]

Causing a revulsion of fluids or humors.

ANTISPLENET'IC, adjective [See Spleen.]

Good as a remedy in diseases of the spleen.

ANTIS'TASIS, noun [Gr. Opposite, and station.]

In oratory, the defense of an action from the consideration that if it had been omitted, something worse would have happened.

ANTIS'TES, noun [Latin] The chief priest or prelate.

ANTIS'TROPHE, 'TROPHY, noun [Gr. opposite, and a turning.

1. In grammar, the changing of things mutually depending on each other; reciprocal conversion; as, the master of the servant, the servant of the master.

2. Among the ancients, that part of a song or dance, before the altar, which was performed by turning from west to east, in opposition to the strophy. The ancient odes consisted of stanzas called strophies and antistrophies, to which was often added the epode. These were sung by a choir, which turned or changed places when they repeated the different parts of the ode. The epode was sung, as the chorus stood still. [See Ode.]

ANTIS'TROPHON, noun A figure which repeats a word often.

ANTISTRUMAT'IC, adjective [anti and struma, a scrophulous swelling.]

Good against scrophulous disorders.

ANTITH'ESIS, noun [Gr. from, to place.]

1. In rhetoric, an opposition of words or sentiments; contrast; as, 'When our vices leave us, we flatter ourselves we leave them.' 'The prodigal robs his heir, the miser robs himself.' 'Excess of ceremony shows want of breeding.' Liberty with laws, and government without oppression.'

2. Opposition of opinions; controversy.

ANTITHET'IC,

ANTITHET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing or abounding with antithesis.

ANTITHET'ICAL, a. Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing or abounding with antithesis.

ANTITRINITA'RIAN, noun [anti and trinitarian, which see.]

One who denies the trinity or the existence of three persons in the Godhead.

ANTITRINITA'RIAN, adjective Opposing the trinity.

ANTITRINITA'RIANISM, noun A denial of the trinity.

AN'TITYPE, noun [Gr. against, and a type, or pattern.]

A figure corresponding to another figure; that of which the type is the pattern or representation. Thus the paschal lamb, in scripture, is the type of which Christ is the antitype An antitype then, is something which is formed according to a model or pattern, and bearing strong features of resemblance to it.

In the Greek liturgy, the sacramental bread and wine are called antitypes, that is, figures, similitudes; and the Greek fathers used the word in a like sense.

ANTITYP'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type.

ANTIVARIO'LOUS, adjective [anti and variolous, which see.]

Opposing the small pox.

'REAL, adjective [anti and venereal which see.]

Resisting venereal poison.

ANT'LER, noun [From the root of ante, before. See Ante.]

A start or branch of a horn, especially of the horns of the cevine animals, as of the stag or moose. The branch next to the head is called the brow'antler, and the branch next above, the bes-antler.

ANT'LERED, adjective Furnished with antlers.

ANTO'NIAN, adjective Noting certain medicinal waters in Germany, at or Tonstein.

ANTONOMA'SIA,

ANTONOM'ASY, noun [Gr. name.]

To use of the name of some office, dignity, profession, science or trade, instead of the true name of the person; as when his majesty is used for a king, lordship for a nobleman. Thus instead of Aristotle, we say, the philosopher; a grave man is called a Cato; an eminent orator, a Cicero; a wise man, a Solomon. In the latter examples, a proper name is used for an appellative; the application being supported by a resemblance in character.

ANTONOM'ASY, n. [Gr. name.]

ANTOSIAN'DRIAN, noun One of a sect of rigid Lutherans, so denominated from their opposing the doctrines of Osiander. This sect deny that man is made just, but is only imputatively just, that is pronounced so.

AN'VIL, noun [The Latin word incus, incudis, is formed by a like analogy fromin and cudo, to hammer, or shape.]

An iron block with a smooth face, on which smiths hammer and shape their work.

Figuratively, any thing on which blows are laid.

To be on the anvil is to be in a state of discussion, formation or preparation; as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured. This figure bears an analogy to that is discussion, a shaking or beating.

ANXI'ETY, noun angzi'ety. [Latin anxietas, from anxius, solicitous; Latin ango. See Anger.]

1. concern or solicitude respecting some event, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness. it expresses more than uneasiness or disturbance, and even more than trouble or solicitude. it usually springs from fear or serious apprehension of evil, and involves a suspense respecting an event, and often, a perplexity of mind, to know how to shape our conduct.

2. In medical language, uneasiness; unceasing restlessness in sickness.

ANX'IOUS, a ank'shus.

1. Greatly concerned or solicitous, respecting something future or unknown; being in painful suspense; applied to persons; as, to be anxious for the issue of a battle.

2. Full of solicitude; unquiet; applied to things; as anxious thoughts or labor.

3. Very careful; solicitous; as, anxious to please; anxious to commit no mistake.

It is followed by for or about, before the object.

ANX'IOUSLY, adverb In an anxious manner; solicitously; with painful uncertainty; carefully; unquietly.

ANX'IOUSNESS, noun The quality of being anxious; great solicitude.

AN'Y, adjective en'ny.

1. One indefinitely.

Nor knoweth any man the Father, save the Son. Math. 11.

If a soul shall sin against any of the commandments.

Leviticus 4:2.

2. Some; an indefinite number, plurally; for though the word is formed from one, it often refers to many. Are there any witnesses present? The sense seems to be a small, uncertain number.

3. Some; an indefinite quantity; a small portion.

Who will show us any good? Psalms 4:6.

4. It is often used as a substitute, the person or thing being understood.

And when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have aught against any Mark 11:3.

If any lack wisdom, let him ask it of God. James 1:5.

It is used in opposition to none. Have you any wheat to sell? I have none.