AL'ABASTER, noun [Latin from Gr.]

A sub-variety of carbonate of lime, found in large masses, formed by the deposition of calcarious particles in caverns of limestone rocks. These concretions have a foliated, fibrous or granular structure, and are of a pure white color, or more generally they present shades of yellow, red or brown, in undulating or concentric stripes, or in spots.

Among the ancients, alabaster was also the name of a vessel in which odoriferous liquors were kept; so called from the stone of which it was made. Also, the name of a measure, containing ten ounces of wine or nine of oil.

AL'ABASTER, adjective Made of alabaster or resembling it.

Alabastrum dendroide, a kind of laminated alabaster variegated with figures of shrubs and trees, found in the province of Hohenstein.

ALACK', exclamation

An exclamation expressive of sorrow.

ALACK'ADAY, An exclamation uttered to express regret or sorrow.

ALAC'RIOUSNESS, noun Briskness. [Not used.]

ALAC'RITY, noun [Latin alacritas, from alacer, alaris.]

Cheerfulness; gaiety; sprightliness; more usually, a cheerful readiness or promptitude to do some act; cheerful willingness; as, the soldiers advanced with alacrity to meet the enemy.

ALAD'INISTS. Free thinkers among the Mohammedans.

AL'ALITE, noun A crystallized mineral; diopside; a semi-transparent pyroxene. A variety with twelve sided prisms, was found by Bonvoisin, near the village of Ala in Piedmont, and by him called alalite

ALAMIRE', noun The lowest note but one, in Guido Aretine's scale of music.

ALAMODAL'ITY, noun Conformity to the prevailing mode, or fashion of the times. [Little used.]

ALAMO'DE, adverb According to the fashion or prevailing mode.

ALAMO'DE, noun A thin glossy silk for hoods, scarfs, etc.

ALAND', adverb At or on land.

AL'ARM, noun

1. Any sound, outcry or information intended to give notice of approaching danger as, to sound an alarm

2. A summon to arms.

3. Sudden surprise with fear or terror; as, the fire or the enemy excited an alarm

4. Terror; a sensation excited by an apprehension of danger, from whatever cause; as, we felt an alarm at the cry of fire.

5. In fencing, an appeal or challenge.

AL'ARM, verb transitive

1. To give notice of danger; to rouse to vigilance, and exertions for safety.

2. To call to arms for defense.

3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to disturb with terror; to fill with anxiety by the prospect of evil.

AL'ARMED, participle passive Notified of sudden danger; surprised with fear; roused to vigilance or activity by apprehension of approaching danger; solicitous at the prospect or expectation of evil. Thus, we are alarmed at the approach of danger, or alarmed for the safety of friends at sea.

AL'ARMING, participle present tense Giving notice of approaching danger; rousing to vigilance; exciting solicitude by a prospect of evil.

AL'ARMING, adjective Exciting apprehension; terrifying; awakening a sense of danger; as, an alarming message.

AL'ARMINGLY, adverb With alarm; in a manner to excite apprehension.

AL'ARMIST, noun One that excites alarm.

ALARUM, For alarm, is a corruption, and is not to be used.

ALAS', exclamation

An exclamation expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension of evil; sometimes followed by day or while; alas the day, like alack a day; or alas the while, expressing an unhappy time.

ALA'TE, adverb Lately. [Not used.]

ALA'TED, adjective [Latin ala, a wing; alatus, winged.]

Winged; having dilatations like wings.

AL'ATERN, noun A trivial name of a species of rhamnus or buckthorn.

ALB, noun [Latin albus, Gr. white.]

A surplice or vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, worn by the Romish clergy. Also a Turkish coin, called also an asper, value one hundred and twelve mills.

AL'BATROS, noun An aquatic fowl, belonging to the order of ansers. The bill is strait; the upper mandible crooked at the point, and the lower one truncated; the nostrils are oval, open and little prominent, and placed on the sides; the wings are pennated, and there are three webbed toes on each foot. The upper part of the body is of a spotted brown, and the belly white. It is of the size of a pelican or larger, very voracious, preying on fish and small water fowls. These fowls are seen, in great numbers, about the capes of the two continents, and on the northern shores of Asia. They are sometimes called the great gull.

ALBIGEN'SES, ALBEGEOIS noun A party of Reformers, who separated from the church of Rome, in the 12th century; so called from the albegeois a small territory in France, where they resided. They are sometimes confounded with the Waldenses; but they were prior to them in time, differed from them in some of their tenets, and resided in a different part of France. The Catholics made war upon them, and they gradually dwindled, till the reformation, when the remains of them fell in with the followers of Zuinglius and the Genevan Protestants.

ALBE'IT, [This is supposed to be a compound of all, be and it, and is equivalent to admit, or grant it all.]

Be it so; admit all that; although; notwithstanding.

Whereas ye say, the Lord saith it, albeit I have not spoken. Ezekiel 8:1.

[This word is not antiquated.]

AL'BELEN, noun A fish of the truttaceous or trout kind, found in the German lakes, weighing five or six pounds.

ALBES'CENT, adjective [Latin albesco, to grow white.]

Becoming white, or rather, whitish; moderately white.

AL'BICORE, noun A marine fish, like a tunny, noted for following ships.

ALBIGEN'SES, ALBEGEOIS, noun A party of Reformers, who separated from the church of Rome, in the 12th century; so called from the Albegeois, a small territory in France, where they resided. They are sometimes confounded with the Waldenses; but they were prior to them in time, differed from them in some of their tenets, and resided in a different part of France. The Catholics made war upon them, and they gradually dwindled, till the reformation, when the remains of them fell in with the followers of Zuinglius and the Genevan Protestants.

AL'BIN, noun [Latin albus, white.]

A mineral, of an opake white color, consisting of aggregated crystalline lamins, found in Bohemia.

This is regarded as a variety of apophyllite.

ALBI'NO, noun [Latin albus, white.]

A white descendant of black parents, or a white person belonging to a race of blacks. A person naturally white.

ALBI'NOS, noun A name signifying white men, given by the Portuguese to the white negroes of Africa. The color of this race appears like that of persons affected with leprosy; and negroes look upon them as monsters.

AL'BION, noun An ancient name of England, still used in poetry. It is supposed this name was given to it on account of its white cliffs.

ALBO'RA, noun A sort of itch or rather leprosy, terminating without ulceration, but with fetid evacuations in the mouth and nostrils.

ALBO'RO, noun The erythrinus, a small red fish of the Mediterranean.

ALBUGIN'EOUS, adjective [Latin albugo, the white spot in the eye, from albus white.]

Pertaining to or resembling the white of the eye, or of an egg.

Albugineous humor, the aqueous humor of the eye.

ALBU'GO, noun The white speck in the eye, called the film, haw, dragon, pearl or cicatrice. Also a disease of the eye, occasioned by a white opake spot growing on the cornea and obstructing vision. It is called also leucoma, nebula, pannus oculi, onyx, unguis etc.

ALBU'LA, noun A species of truttaceous fish, destitute of teeth. The albula Indica is called by the Dutch wit-fish, and is of the size of a herring. The albula nobilis is a fish caught in the lakes of Germany.

AL'BUM, noun [Latin albus, white.]

1. Among the Romans, a white table, board or register, on which the names of public officers and public transactions were entered.

2. A book, originally blank, in which foreigners or strangers insert autographs of celebrated persons, or in which friends insert pieces as memorials for each other.

ALBU'MEN, noun [Latin from albus, white.]

The white of an egg. A like substance is a chief constituent in all animal solids.

ALBU'MINOUS, adjective Pertaining to, or having the properties of albumen.

AL'BURN,

ALBURN'UM, noun [Latin alburnum, from albus, white.]

The white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and wood. In America, it is popularly called the sap. This is annually acquiring hardness, and becoming wood.

AL'BURN, adjective [Latin alburnus, from albus, white.]

A fish called the bleak. It belongs to the order of abdominals, and the genus Cyprinus. It is five or six inches in length, and esteemed delicious food. Artificial pearls are made of its scales.

ALBURN'UM, n. [L. alburnum, from albus, white.]

The white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and wood. In America, it is popularly called the sap. This is annually acquiring hardness, and becoming wood.

AL'CAHEST, or ALKAHEST, noun

A pretended universal dissolvent, or menstruum.

ALCA'IC, adjective Pertaining to Alcaeus, a Lyric poet of Mitylene, in Lesbos, who flourished about the forty-fourth Olympiad; or to other poets of the same name, of which three are mentioned; one an Athenian tragic poet, and another a Messenian.

ALCA'ICS, noun plural Several kinds of verse; so called from Alcaeus, their inventor. One kind consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a long syllable and two dactyls.

ALCA'ID,

Among the Moors, Spaniards and Portuguese, a governor. In Portugal, the chief civil magistrate of a town or city; also the jurisdiction of certain judges of appeal. In Spain, the governor of a castle or fort; also a jailer.

ALCAN'NA, noun A plant; and a powder, prepared from the leaves of the Egyptian privet, used by the Turkish females to give a golden color to the nails and hair. Infused in water it forms a yellow color; with vinegar, it forms a red. From the berries is extracted an oil, used in medicine. In Cairo, it forms an article of commerce.

AL'CATRAZ, noun The Spanish name of the Pelecanus Onocrotalus of Linne; a pelican; also a fish taken on the coast of India.

ALCAV'ALA, noun In Spain, a tax on every transfer of property, real or personal.

ALCE'DO, noun [Latin]

The king fisher; a genus of birds, of the order of Picae. The species are numerous. They usually live about rivers, feeding on fish, which they take by darting into the water with surprising velocity. [See Halcyon.]

ALCHIM'IC,

ALCHIM'ICAL

ALCHIM'ICALLY, adjective Relating to alchimy, or produced by it.

adv. In the manner of alchimy.

ALCHIM'ICAL, a. Relating to alchimy, or produced by it.

adv. In the manner of alchimy.

ALCHIM'ICALLY, a. Relating to alchimy, or produced by it.

adv. In the manner of alchimy.

AL'CHIMIST, noun One who practices alchimy.

ALCHIMIST'IC,

ALCHIMIST'ICAL, adjective Practicing alchimy, or relating to it.

ALCHIMIST'ICAL, a. Practicing alchimy, or relating to it.

AL'CHIMY, noun [See Chimistry.]

1. The more sublime and difficult part of chimistry, and chiefly such as relate to the transmutation of metals are gold, the finding a universal remedy for diseases, and an alkabest or universal solvent, and other things now treated as ridiculous. This pretended science was much cultivated in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but is now held in contempt.

2. formerly, a mixed metal used for utensils.

ALCMA'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to Alcman, a lyric poet of the twenty-seventh Olympiad, celebrated for his amorous verses. The alcmanian verse consisted of two dactyls and two trochees.

AL'CO, noun a quadruped of America, nearly resembling a dog, but mute and melancholy; and this circumstance seems to have given rise to the fable that dogs, transported to America become mute. The animal was used for food by the native Americans, and the first Spanish settlers; but it is said to be now extinct. It is known also by the name of Techichi.

AL'COHOL, noun [Heb. to paint with a preparation of powder of antimony. The oriental females still practice the painting of the eye brows with this material. The name was applied to this substance, and afterwards to other fine powders, and to highly rectified spirits.]

Pure or highly rectified spirit, obtained from formented liquors by distillation. It consists of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. it is extremely light and inflammable, and a powerful stimulant and antiseptic. This is the usual sense of the word; but originally, in Arabic, it signified a fine impalpable powder, in which sense it is still used.

ALCOHOL'IC, adjective Pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities.

ALCOHOLIZA'TION, noun the act of rectifying spirit, till it is wholly dephlegmatedor of reducing a substance to an impalpable powder.

AL'COHOLIZE, verb transitive To convert into alcohol; to rectify spirit till it is wholly dephlegmated; also, to reduce a substance to an impalpable powder.

AL'COR, noun A small star adjoining to the large bright one in the middle of the tail of Ursa Major.

ALCORAN. [See Koran and Alkoran.]

AL'COVE or ALCO'VE, noun [Eng. cubby.]

1. A recess, or part of a room, separated by an estrade, or partition of columns, or by other corresponding ornaments; in which is placed a bed of state, and sometimes seats for company. The bed is sometimes raised two or three steps, with a rail at the foot. These are frequent in Spain.

2. A recess in a library, or small lateral apartment for books.

AL'CYON, noun A trivial name of the kingfisher. [See Halcyon.]

AL'CYONITE, noun A fossil zoophite, somewhat resembling a fungus.

ALCYO'NIUM, noun The name of a submarine plant, or bastard spunge. Also a kind of astroit or coral, a fossil found in England.

AL'DER, noun [Latin alnus.]

A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus Alnus. The name is applied also to some species of other genera.

ALD'ERMAN, noun plural Aldermen.

1. Among our Saxon ancestors, a senior or superior. The title was applied to princes, dukes, earls, senators and presiding magistrates; also to archbishops and bishops, implying superior wisdom or authority. Thus, Ethelstan, duke of the East-Anglians, was called alderman of all England; and there were aldermen of cities, counties, and castles, who had jurisdiction within their respective districts.

2. In present usage, a magistrate or officer of a town corporate, next in rank below the mayor. The number of aldermen is different in different cities. In London the number is twenty-six, one in each ward, and the office is held for life.

In the United States, the number of aldermen depends on the charters of incorporation. In general, aldermen have the powers of a justice of the peace, and with the mayor, they constitute the court of the corporation. In most of our cities, they are annually elected by the citizens.

AL'DERMANLY, adjective Pertaining to or like an alderman.

AL'DERN, adjective Made of Alder.

ALE, noun

1. A liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation. It differs from beer, in having a smaller proportion of hops. It is of different sorts, chiefly pale and brown; the first made from malt slightly dried; the second, from malt more considerably dried or roasted. ale was the common drink of the ancient inhabitants of Europe. It is usually made with barley; but sometimes with wheat, rye, millet, oats, etc.

2. A merry meeting in English country places, so called from the liquor drank.

Medicated Ales are those which are prepared for medicinal purposes, by an infusion of herbs during fermentation.

ALECTRYOM'ANCY, noun [Gr. a cock and divination.]

An ancient practice of foretelling events by means of a cock. The twenty four letters were laid on the ground, and a grain of corn on each; a cock was then permitted to pick up the grains, and the letters under the grains selected, being formed into words, were supposed to foretell the event desired.

ALEE', adverb [a or at and lee. See Lee.]

In seaman's language, on the side opposite to the wind, that is opposite to the side on which it strikes. The helm of a ship is alee when pressed close to the see side.

Hard alee or luff alee is an order to put the helm to the lee side.

Helm's alee that is, the helm is alee a notice given as an order to the seamen to cause the head-sails to shake in the wind, with a view to bring the ship about.

A'LEGER, adjective [Latin alacer.]

Gay; cheerful; sprightly. [Not used.]

ALEGGE, verb intransitive To lighten; to lessen; to assuage. [Not used.]

ALEMB'DAR, noun In Turkey, an officer who bears the green standard of Mohammed, when the Sultan appears in public.

ALEM'BIC, noun

A chimical vessel used in distillation; usually made of glass or copper. The bottom part containing the liquor to be distilled, is called the cucurbit; the upper part which receives and condenses the stream, is called the head, the beak of which is fitted to the neck of a receiver. The head is more properly the alembic This vessel is not so generally used now, as the worm still and retort.

ALENGTH', adverb [a and length.]

At full length; along; stretched at full length.

ALEP'IDOTE, noun [Gr. a scale.]

Any fish whose skin is not covered with scales.

ALERT', adjective

1. Watchful; vigilant; active in vigilance. hence the military phrase, upon the alert upon the watch, guarding against surprise or danger.

2. Brisk; nimble; moving the celerity.

ALERT'NESS, noun Briskness; nimbleness; sprightliness; levity.

ALEUROM'ANCY, noun [Gr. meal and divination.]

A kind of divination by meal, used by the ancients.

ALEU'TIAN, or ALEU'TIC, adjective Designating certain isles in the Pacific ocean, eastward of Kamtschatka, extending northeastward towards America. The word is formed from aleut, which, in Russia, is a bald rock.

ALEU'TIAN, or ALEU'TIC, adjective Designating certain isles in the Pacific ocean, eastward of Kamtschatka, extending northeastward towards America. The word is formed from aleut, which, in Russia, is a bald rock.

A'LEWIFE, or A'LOOF, noun

An American fish, belonging to the genus Clupea, and called Clupea Serrata. it resembles the herring. The established pronunciation is alewife plu alewives.

ALEX'ANDERS, noun The name of a plant of the genus Smyrnium.

ALEX'ANDER'S FOOT, noun The name of a plant.

ALEX'ANDRIAN, noun Pertaining to Alexandria. There are many cities of this name, in various parts of the earth. The term is often applied an attribute, or used as a noun, for one who professed or taught the sciences in the school of Alexandria in Egypt; a place highly celebrated for its literature and magnificence, and whose library, it is said, consisted of 700, 000 volumes. The Persians and Turks write for Alexander, Scander, or Sconder; and for Alexandria, Scanderona; hence Scanderoon, a sea port in Syria.

ALEX'ANDRINE, or ALEXANDRIAN, noun A kind of verse, consisting of twelve syllables, or of twelve and thirteen alternately; so called from a poem written in French on the life of Alexander. This species of verse is peculiar to modern poetry, but well adapted to epic poems. The alexandrine in English consists of twelve syllables, and is less used than this kind of verse is among the French, whose tragedies are generally composed of Alexandrines.

ALEXIPH'ARMIC, adjective [Gr. to expel, and poison.]

Expelling poison; antidotal; sudorific; that has the quality of expelling poison or infection by sweat.

ALEXIPH'ARMIC, noun A medicine that is intended to obviate the effects of poison; an antidote to poison or infection. By the Greeks, the word was used for an amulet.

ALEXITE'RIAL, adjective [Gr. to expel, and poison.]

Resisting poison; obviating the effects of venom.

ALEXITER'IC

ALEXITER'IC,

ALEXITER'ICAL, noun A medicine to resist the effects of poison, or the bite of venomous animals; nearly synonymous with alexipharmic. Used also by the Greeks for an amulet.

ALEXITER'ICAL, n. A medicine to resist the effects of poison, or the bite of venomous animals; nearly synonymous with alexipharmic. Used also by the Greeks for an amulet.

AL'GAROT, or AL'GAROTH, noun The name of an emetic powder, prepared from the regulus of antimony, dissolved in acids, and separated by repeated lotions in warm water. It is either an Arabic term, or the name of the inventor, a physician of Verona.

AL'GAROT, or AL'GAROTH, noun The name of an emetic powder, prepared from the regulus of antimony, dissolved in acids, and separated by repeated lotions in warm water. It is either an Arabic term, or the name of the inventor, a physician of Verona.

ALGATES, adverb By all means; on any terms.

AL'GEBRA, noun [Ar. the reduction of parts to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers from the verb, which signifies to consolidate; Heb. to be strong.]

The science of quantity in general, or universal arithmetic. algebra is a general method computation, in which signs and symbols, which are commonly the letters of the alphabet, are made to represent numbers and quantities. It takes an known quantity sought, as if granted; and, by means of one or more quantities given, proceeds till the quantity supposed is discovered, by some other known quantity to which it is equal.

This science was of Oriental discovery; but whether among the Arabians or Indians, is uncertain.

ALGEBRA'IC,

ALGEBRA'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of Algebra, or deduced from such operation.

Algebraic curve, a figure whose intercepted diameters bear always the same proportion to their respective ordinates.

ALGEBRA'ICAL, a. Pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of Algebra, or deduced from such operation.

ALGEBRA'IST, noun One who is versed in the science of algebra.

AL'GENEB, noun A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the right side of Perseus; Long. 27 degrees 46' 12' of Taurus; Lat. 30 degrees 05' 28' North.

ALGERINE', noun [from Algiers.] A native of Algiers, a city and a government on the coast of Africa.

ALGERINE', adjective Belonging to Algiers.

AL'GID, adjective [Latin algidus.] Cold. [Not used.]

AL'GOL, noun A fixed star of the third magnitude, called Medusa's head, in Perseus; Long. 21 degrees 50' 42' of Taurus; Lat 23 degrees 23' 47' North.

AL'GOR, noun [Lat.] Among physicians, an unusual coldness in any part of the body.

AL'GORITHM, or AL'GORISM, noun An arabic term, signifying numerical computation, or the six operations of arithmetic.

AL'GORITHM, or AL'GORISM, noun An arabic term, signifying numerical computation, or the six operations of arithmetic.

AL'GOUS, adjective [Latin alga, sea weed.] Pertaining to sea weed; abounding with, or like sea weed.

AL'GUM, noun In scripture, a tree or wood about which the learned are not agreed. The most probably conjecture is that the word denotes gummy or resinous wood in general.

The Vulgate translates it ligna thyina, and the Septuagint, wrought-wood; others, ebony, bravil or pine, and the Rabbins render it coral. It was used for musical instruments, stair cases, etc.

The thyinum is the citron tree, from Mauritania, much esteemed by the ancients for its fragrance and beauty. The almug, almugim, or algumin, or simply gummin is most probably a gummy wood, and perhaps may be the Shittim, often mentioned in Scripture. See 1 Kings 10:11.

ALHEN'NA, noun [See Alkenna.]

A'LIAS, [Latin] Otherwise; as in this example, Simson alias Smith; a word used in judicial proceedings to connect the different names by which a person is called who attempts to conceal his true name and pass under a fictitious one.

A'LIAS, noun A second writ, or execution, issued when the first has failed to enforce the judgment.

AL'IBI, noun [Latin] Elsewhere; in another place; a law term. When a person is charged with an offense, and he proves that he could not have committed it, because he was, at the time, in another place, he is said to prove an alibi The part of a plea or allegation, which avers the party to have been in another place, is also called an alibi

A'LIEN, adjective alyen, [Latin alienus, from alius, another. Latin alieno, to alienate; alter, another, to altercate.]

1. Foreign; not belonging to the same country, land or government.

2. Belonging to one who is not a citizen.

3. Estranged; foreign; not allied; adverse to; as, principles alien from our religion.

A'LIEN, noun alyen.

1. A foreigner; one born in, or belonging to, another country; one who is not a denizen, or entitled to the privileges of a citizen.

2. In scripture, one who is a stranger to the church of Christ, or to the covenant of grace.

At that time, ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel. Ephesians 2:12.

In France, a child born of residents who are not citizens, is an alien In Great Britain, the children of aliens born in that country, are mostly natural born subjects; and the children of British subjects, owing allegiance to the crown of England, though born in other countries, are natural subjects, and entitled to the privileges or resident citizens.

Alien-duty, a tax upon goods imported by aliens, beyond the duty on the like goods imported by citizens; a discriminating duty on the tonnage of ships belonging to aliens, or any extra duties imposed by laws or edicts on aliens.

A'LIEN

ALIENABIL'ITY, noun The capacity of being alienated or transferred.

The alienability of the domain.

A'LIENABLE, adjective That may be sold, or transferred to another; as, land is alienable according to the laws of the State.

A'LIENAGE, noun The state of being an alien.

Why restore estates, forfeitable on account of alienage?

A'LIENATE, verb transitive [Latin alieno.]

1. To transfer title, property or right to another; as, to alienate lands, or sovereignty.

2. To estrange; to withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent or averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; with from; as, to alienate the heart or affections; to alienate a man from the friends of his youth.

3. To apply to a wrong use.

They shall not alienate the first fruits of the land.

Ezekiel 48:14.

A'LIENATE, adjective [Latin alienatus.]

Estranged; withdrawn from; stranger to; with from.

O alienate from God, O spirit accurst.

The whigs were alienate from truth.

ALIENA'TION, noun [Latin alienatio.]

1. A transfer of title; or a legal conveyance of property to another.

2. The state of being alienated.

3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the heart or affections.

4. Delirium; derangement of mental faculties; insanity.

Alienation-office, in Great Britain, is an office to which all writs of covenant and entry, on which fines are levied and recoveries suffered, are carried, to have fines for alienation set and paid thereon.

A'LIENATOR, noun One that alienates or transfers property.

ALIE'NE, verb transitive [Latin alieno.]

1. To transfer title or property to another; to sell.

Nor could he aliene the estate, even with the consent of the Lord.

2. To estrange; to make averse or indifferent; to turn the affections from.

The prince was aliened from all thoughts of the marriage.

In this sense, it is more common to use alienate.

ALIENEE', noun One to whom the title to property is transferred.

If the alienee enters and keeps possession.

ALIENISM, noun Alyenizm. The state of being an alien.

The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of alienism

ALI'FE, adverb [a or on and life.] On my life.

ALIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin ala, wing, and fero, to bear.] Having wings.

ALI'FORM, adjective [Latin ala, wing, and forma, shape.]

Having the shape of a wing; a term applied to a certain process and muscles of the body, as the pterygoid process, and the muscles arising from that process.

ALIG'EROUS, adjective [Latin ala wing, and gero, to carry] Having wings.

ALI'GHT, verb intransitive

1. To get down or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage.

2. To descend and settle; as, a flying bird alights on a tree.

3. To fall or descend and lodge; as, snow alights on a roof.

ALI'KE, adjective

Having resemblance or similitude; similar.

The darkness and the light are both alike to thee. Psalms 13:1.

[This adjective never precedes the noun which it qualifies.]

ALI'KE, adverb in the same manner, form or degree.

We are all alike concerned in religion.

He fashioneth their hearts alike Psalms 33:15.

AL'IMENT, noun [Latin alimentum, from alo, to feed.]

That which nourishes; food; nutriment; any thing which feeds or adds to a substance, animal or vegetable, in natural growth.

ALIMENT'AL, adjective Supplying food; that has the quality of nourishing; that furnishes the materials for natural growth; as, chyle is alimental; alimental sap.

ALIMENT'ALLY, adverb So as to serve for nourishment or food.

ALIMENT'ARINESS, noun The quality of supplying nutriment.

ALIMENT'ARY, adjective Pertaining to aliment or food; having the quality of nourishing; as, alimentary particles.

The alimentary canal, in animal bodies, is the great duct or intestine, by which aliments are conveyed through the body, and the useless parts evacuated.

Alimentary law, among the Romans, was a law which obliged children to support their parents.

Obligation of aliment, in Scots law, is the natural obligation of parents to provide for their children.

ALIMENTA'TION, noun

1. The act or power of affording nutriment.

2. The state of being nourished.

ALIMO'NIOUS, adjective [See alimony.] Nourishing; affording food. [Little used.]

ALI'MONY, noun [Latin alimonia, of alo, to feed. See Aliment.]

An allowance made for the support of a woman, legally separated from her husband. The sum is fixed by the proper judge, and granted out of the husband's estate.

AL'IPED, adjective [Latin ala, wing, and pes, foot.]

Wing-footed; having the toes connected by a membrane, which serves as a wing.

AL'IPED, noun [Supra.]

An animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, and which thus serve for wings; a cheiropter; as, the bat.

AL'IQUANT, adjective [Latin aliquantum, a little.]

In arithmetic, an aliquant number or part is that which does not measure another number without a remainder. Thus 5 is an aliquant part of 16, for 3 times 5 is 15, leaving a remainder 1.

AL'IQUOT, adjective [Latin]

An aliquot part of a number or quantity is one which will measure it without a remainder. Thus 5 is the aliquot part of 15.

A'LISH, adjective [From ale.] Like ale; having the qualities of ale.

ALI'VE, adjective

1. Having life, in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions, and the fluids move, whether in animals or vegetables; as, the man or plant is alive

2. In a state of action; unextinguished; undestroyed; unexpired; in force or operation; as, keep the process alive

3. Cheerful; sprightly; lively; full of alacrity; as, the company were all alive

4. Susceptible; easily impressed; having lively feelings, as when the mind is solicitous about some event; as, one is alive to whatever is interesting to a friend.

5. Exhibiting motion or moving bodies in great numbers.

The city was all alive when the General entered.

6. In a scriptural sense, regenerated; born again.

For this my son was dead and is alive Luke 15:24.

[This adjective always follows the noun which it qualifies.]

AL'KAHEST, noun

A universal dissolvent; a menstrumm capable of dissolving every body, which Paracelsus and Van Helmont pretended they possessed. This pretense no longer imposses on the credulity of any man.

The word is sometimes used for fixed salts volatilized.

ALKALES'CENCY, noun [See Alkali.]

A tendency to become alkaline; or a tendency to the properties of an alkali; or the state of a substance in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to be predominant.

ALKALES'CENT, adjective tending to the properties of an alkali; slightly alkaline.

AL'KALI, noun plural Alkalies

In chimistry, a term applied to all bodies which possess the following properties:

1. a caustic taste;

2. volatilizable by heat;

3. capability of combining with acids, and of destroying their acidity;

4. solubility in water, even when combined with carbonic acid;

5. capability of converting vegetable blues to green.

The term was formerly confined to three substances:

1. potash or vegetable fixed alkali generally obtained from the ashes of wood;

2. soda or mineral fixed alkali which is found in the earth and procured from marine plants; and

3. ammonia or volatile alkali an animal product.

Modern chimistry has discovered many new substances to which the term is now extended.

The alkalies were formerly considered as elementary substances; but it is now ascertained that they are all compounds.

The alkalies are used in the manufacture of glass and soap, in bleaching and in medicine.

AL'KALIFY, verb transitive To form, or to convert into an alkali.

AL'KALIFY, verb intransitive To become an alkali.

ALKALIG'ENOUS, adjective [Alkali and to generate.]

Producing or generating alkali.

ALKALIM'ETER, noun [Alkali and Gr. measure.]

An instrument for ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in potash and soda.

AL'KALINE, adjective Having the properties of alkali.

ALKALIN'ITY, noun The quality which constitutes an alkali.

AL'KALIZATE, adjective Alkaline; impregnated with alkali. obsolete

ALKALIZA'TION, noun The act of rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali.

AL'KALIZE, verb transitive [and formerly Alkalizate.]

To make alkaline; to communicate the properties of an alkali to, by mixture.

AL'KANET, noun The plant bugloss. The root is used to impart a deep red color to oily substances, ointments, plasters, etc.

ALKEKEN'GI, noun The winter cherry, a species of physalis. The plant bears a near resemblance to solanum, or nightshade. The berry is medicinal.

ALKEN'NA or ALHEN'NA, noun Egyptian privet, a species of Lawsonia. The pulverized leaves of this plant are much used by the eastern nations for staining their nails yellow. The powder, being wet, forms a paste, which is bound on the nails for a night, and the color thus given will last several weeks.

ALKERM'ES, noun

In pharmacy, a compound cordial, in the form of a confection, derived from the kermes berries. Its other ingredients are said to be pippin-cider, rose water, sugar, ambergris, musk, cinnamon, aloes-wood, pearls, and leaf-gold.

ALKER'VA, noun An arabic name of the Palma Christi.

AL'KORAN, noun

The book which contains the Mohammedan doctrines of faith and practice. It was written by Mohammed, in the dialect of the Koreish, which is the purest Arabic; but the Arabian language has suffered such changes, since it was written, that the language of the alkoran is not now intelligible to the Arabians themselves, without being learned like other dead languages.

AL'KORANIST, noun One who adheres strictly to the letter of the Alkoran, rejecting all comments. The Persians are generally Alkoranists; the Turks, Arabs, and Tartars admit a multitude of traditions.

ALKUS'SA, noun A fish of the Silurus kind, with one beard only under the chin.

ALL, adjective awl. [Gr. Shemitic from calah, to be ended or completed to perfect.]

1. Every one, or the whole number of particulars.

2. The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree; as, all the wheat; all the land; all the year; all the strength. This word signifies then, the whole or entire thing, or all the parts or particulars which compose it. It always precedes the definitive adjectives, the, my, thy, his, our, your, their; as, all the cattle; all my labor; all thy goods; all his wealth; all our families; all your citizens; all their property.

This word, not only in popular language, but in the scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt died; all Judea and all the region round about Jordan; all men held John as a prophet; are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part or very great numbers.

This word is prefixed to many other words, to enlarge their signification; as already, always, all-prevailing.

ALL, adverb Wholly; completely; entirely; as all along; all bedewed; all over; my friend is all for amusement; I love my father all In the ancient phrases, all too dear, all so long, this word retains its appropriate sense; as, 'he thought them six-pence all too dear, ' that is, he thought them too dear by the sum of sixpence. In the sense of although, as, 'all were it as the rest, ' and in the sense of just, or at the moment, as 'all as his straying flock he fed, ' it is obsolete, or restricted to poetry.

It is all one is a phrase equivalent to the same thing in effect; that is, it is wholly the same thing.

ALL the better is equivalent to wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference.

ALL, noun

1. The whole number; as, all have not the same disposition; that is, all men.

2. The whole; the entire thing; the aggregate amount; as, our all is at stake.

And Laban said, all that thou seest is mine. Genesis 31:1.

This adjective is much used as a noun, and applied to persons or things.

ALL in all is a phrase which signifies, all things to a person, or every thing desired.

Thou shalt be all in all and I in thee, Forever.

When the words, and all close an enumeration of particulars, the word all is either intensive, or is added as a general term to express what is not enumerated; as a tree fell, nest, eagles and all

At all is a phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences. He has no ambition at all; that is, not in the least degree. Has he any property at all?

ALL and some, in Spenser, Mason interprets, one and all But from Lye's Saxon Dictionary, it appears that the phrase is a corruption of the Sax. ealle at somne, all together, all at once, from somne, together, at once. See Lye under Somne.

ALL in the wind, in seamen's language, is a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake.

ALL is well is a watchman's phrase, expressing a state of safety.

ALL, in composition, enlarges the meaning, or adds force to a word; and it is generally more emphatical than most. In some instances, all is incorporated into words, as in almighty, already, always; but in most instances, it is an adjective prefixed to other words, but separated by a hyphen.

AL'LAGITE, noun A mineral, of a brown or green color, massive, with a flat conchoidal fracture, and nearly opake, found in the Hartz near Elbingerode.

AL'LANITE, noun A mineral named from Mr. Allan, of Edinburg, who first recognized it as a distinct species. It is massive, of a brownish black color, and conchoidal fracture. A siliceous oxyd of cerium.

ALLANTOIS'or ALLANTOID', noun [Gr. a sausage, and form.]

A thin membrane, situated between the chorion and amnios in quadrupeds, and forming one of the membranes which invest the fetus in those animals.

AL'LATRATE, verb transitive [Latin allatro.] To bark, as a dog. [Not used.]

ALLA'Y, verb transitive [Gr.; Latin ligo, to bind; but this may be the same word differently applied, that is, to set, to fix, to make fast, to unite. allay and alloy were formerly used indifferently; but I have recognized an entire distinction between them, applying alloy to metals.]

1. To make quiet; to pacify, or appease; as, to allay the tumult of the passions, or to allay civil commotions.

2. To abate, mitigate, subdue or destroy; as, to allay grief or pain.

Females, who soften and allay the bitterness of adversity.

3. To obtund or repress as acrimony; as, to allay the acrid qualities of a substance.

4. Formerly, to reduce the purity of; as, to allay metals. But, in this sense, alloy is now exclusively used. [See Alloy.]

ALLA'Y, noun

1. Formerly, a baser metal mixed with a finer; but in this sense it is now written alloy, which see.

2. That which allays, or abates the predominant qualities; as, the allay of colors.

Also, abatement; diminution by means of some mixture; as, joy without allay But alloy is now more generally used.

ALLA'YED, participle passive Layed at rest; quieted; tranquilized; abated; [reduced by mixture. obsolete ]

ALLA'YER, noun He, or that which allays.

ALLA'YING, participle present tense Quieting; reducing to tranquility; abating; [reducing by mixture. obsolete ]

ALLA'YMENT, noun The act of quieting, or a state of tranquility; a state of rest after disturbance; abatement; ease; as, the allayment of grief.

AL'LE, noun ally. The little auk, or black and white diver.

ALLEC'TIVE, adjective Alluring. [Not used.]

ALLEC'TIVE, noun Allurement. [Not used.]

ALLEDGE', verb transitive [Latin allego, ad and lego, to send; Eng. lay.]

1. To declare; to affirm; to assert; to pronounce, with positiveness; as, to alledge a fact.

2. To produce as an argument, plea or excuse; to cite or quote; as, to alledge the authority of a judge.

ALLEDG'ED, participle passive Affirmed; asserted, whether as a charge or a plea.

ALLEDG'ER, noun One who affirms or declares.

ALLEDG'ING, participle present tense Asserting; averring; declaring.

ALLEGA'TION, noun

1. Affirmation; positive assertion or declaration.

2. That which is affirmed or asserted; that which is offered as a plea, excuse or justification.

3. In ecclesiastical courts, a formal complaint, or declaration of charges.

ALLEGE. [See Alledge.]

ALLEG'EABLE, adjective That may be alledged. [Not used.]

ALLE'GEAS, or ALLE'GIAS, noun A stuff manufactured in the East Indies, of two kinds, one of cotton, the other of various plants which are spun like flax.

ALLEG'EMENT, noun Allegation. [Not in use.]

ALLEGHA'NEAN, adjective Pertaining to the mountains called Alleghany, or Alleghenny.

ALLEGHA'NY, noun The chief ridge of the great chains of mountains which run from noun East to S. West through the middle and southern states of North America; but, more appropriately, the main or unbroken ridge, which casts all the waters on one side to the east, and on the other side to the west. This ridge runs from Pennsylvania to Georgia, and chains extend through the United States.

This name is given also to the river Ohio, above its confluence with the Monongahela; but improperly, as the Indian name of the river to its source is Ohio.

ALLE'GIANCE, noun [Latin alligo, of ad and ligo, to bind. See Liege and League.]

The tie or obligation of a subject to his Prince or government; the duty of fidelity to a king, government or state. Every native or citizen owes allegiance to the government under which he is born. This is called natural or implied allegiance which arises from the connection of a person with the society in which he is born, and his duty to be a faithful subject, independent of any express promise. Express allegiance is that obligation which proceeds from an express promise, or oath of fidelity.

Local or temporary allegiance is due from an alien to the government or state in which he resides.

ALLE'GIANT, adjective Loyal. [Not used.]

ALLE'GEAS, or ALLE'GIAS, noun A stuff manufactured in the East Indies, of two kinds, one of cotton, the other of various plants which are spun like flax.

ALLEGOR'IC,

ALLEGOR'ICAL, adjective In the manner of allegory; figurative; describing by resemblances.

ALLEGOR'ICAL, a. In the manner of allegory; figurative; describing by resemblances.

ALLEGOR'ICALLY, adverb In a figurative manner; by way of allegory.

ALLEGOR'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being allegorical.

AL'LEGORIZE, verb transitive

1. To form an allegory; to turn into allegory; as, to allegorize the history of a people.

2. To understand in an allegorical sense; as, when a passage in a writer may be understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to allegorize it.

AL'LEGORIZE, verb intransitive To use allegory; as, a man may allegorize to please his fancy.

AL'LEGORIZED, participle passive Turned into allegory, or understood allegorically.

AL'LEGORIZING, participle present tense Turning into allegory, or understanding in all allegorical sense.

AL'LEGORY, noun [Gr. other, to speak, a forum, an oration.]

A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The principal subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker, by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject. allegory is in words that hieroglyphics are in painting. We have a fine example of an allegory in the eightieth Psalm, in which God's chosen people are represented by a vineyard. The distinction in scripture between a parable and an allegory is said to be that a parable is a supposed history, and an allegory a figurative description of real facts. An allegory is called a continued metaphor. The following line in Virgil is an example of an allegory

Claudite jam rivos, pueri, sat prata biberunt.

Stop the currents, young men, the meadows have drank sufficiently; that is let your music cease, our ears have been sufficiently delighted.

ALLEGRET'TO, [from allegro, ] denotes, in music, a movement or time quicker than andante, but not so quick as allegro.

ALLE'GRO. [See Light.]

In music, a word denoting a brisk movement; a sprightly part or strain; the quickest except presto. Piu allegro is a still quicker movement.

ALLELU'IAH, noun [Heb. praise to Jah.]

Praise to Jehovah; a word used to denote pious joy and exultation, chiefly in hymns and anthems. The Greeks retained the word in their praise to Io; probably a corruption of Jah. The Romans retained the latter word in their Io triumphe.

ALLEMAND', noun A slow air in common time, or grave, solemn music, with a slow movement. Also a brisk dance, or a figure in dancing.

ALLEMAN'NIC, adjective Belonging to the Alemanni, ancient Germans, and to Alemannia, their country. The word is generally supposed to be composed of all and manni, all men. Cluver, p. 68. This is probably an error. The word is more probably composed of the Celtic all, other, the root of Latin alius and man, place; one of another place, a stranger. The Welsh allman is thus rendered, and this seems to be the original word.

The name, Alemanni, seems to have been first given to the Germans who invaded Gaul in the reign of Augustus.

ALLER'ION, noun In heraldry, an eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings; denoting Imperialists vanquished and disarmed.

ALLEVEU'R, noun A small Swedish coin, value about a cent.

ALLE'VIATE, verb transitive [Low Latin allevio; ad and levo, to raise, levis, light.]

1. To make light; but always in a figurative sense, as it is not applied to material objects. To remove in part; to lessen, mitigate, or make easier to be endured; applied to evils; as, to alleviate sorrow, pain, care, punishment, a burden, etc.; opposed to aggravate.

2. To make less by representation; to lessen the magnitude or criminality; to extenuate; applied to moral conduct; as, to alleviate an offense. [This sense of the word is rare.]

ALLE'VIATED, participle passive Made lighter; mitigated; eased; extenuated.

ALLE'VIATING, participle present tense Making lighter, or more tolerable; extenuating.

ALLEVIA'TION, noun

1. The act of lightening, allaying, or extenuating; a lessening or mitigation.

2. That which lessens, mitigates or makes more tolerable; as, the sympathy of a friend is an alleviation of grief.

I have not wanted such alleviations of life, as friendship could supply. Dr. Johnson's letter to Mr. Hector.

This use of alleviation is hardly legitimate without supplying some word expressing evil, as trouble, sorrow, etc.

Without such alleviations of the cares of troubles of life.

ALLE'VIATIVE, noun That which mitigates. [Not in use.]

AL'LEY, noun al'ly

1. A walk in a garden; a narrow passage.

2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street.

3. A place in London where stocks are bought and sold.

ALLIA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin allium, garlic.]

Pertaining to allium, or garlic; having the properties of garlic.

ALLI'ANCE, noun [Gr.; Latin ]

1. The relation or union between families, contracted by marriage.

2. The union between nations, contracted by compact, treaty or league.

3. The treaty, league, or compact, which is the instrument of confederacy; sometimes perhaps the act of confederating.

4. Any union or connection of interests between persons, families, states or corporations; as, an alliance between church and state.

5. The persons or parties allied; as, men or states may secure any alliances in their power.

ALLI'ANT, noun An ally. [Not used.]

ALLI'CIENCY, noun [Lat. allicio, ad and lacio, allecto, elicio.

The power of attracting any thing; attraction; magnetism. [Little used.]

ALLI'CIENT, noun That which attracts. [Not used.]

ALLI'ED, participle passive Connected by marriage, treaty or similitude. [See ally.]

AL'LIGATE, verb transitive [Latin alligo, and ad and ligo, to bind. See Allegiance, Liege, League.]

To tie together; to unite by some tie.

ALLIGA'TION, noun

1. The act of tying together; the state of being tied. [Little used.]

2. A rule of arithmetic, for finding the price or value of compounds consisting of ingredients of different values. Thus if a quantity of sugar, worth eight cents the pound, and another quantity worth ten cents, are mixed, the question to be solved by alligation is, what is the value of the mixture by the pound. alligation is of two kinds, medial and alternate; medial, when the rate of a mixture is sought from the rates and quantities of the simples; alternate, when the quantities of the simples are sought from the rates of the simples, and the rate of the mixture.

ALLIGA'TOR, noun [The Latin word seems to be connected with lacertus, the arm; and the animal may be named from the resemblance of his legs to arms.]

The American crocodile. This animal is of the lizard genus, having a long naked body, four feet, with five toes on the fore feet, and four on the hind, armed with claws, a serrated tail. The mouth is very large, and furnished with sharp teeth; the skin is brown, tough, and, on the sides, covered with tubercles. The largest of these animals grow to the length of seventeen or eighteen feet. They live in and about the rivers in warm climates, eat fish, and sometimes catch hogs, on the shore, or dogs which are swimming. In winter, they burrow in the earth, which they enter under water and work upwards, lying torpid till spring. The female lays a great number of eggs, which are deposited in the sand, and left to be hatched by the heat of the sun.

ALLIG'ATURE, noun See Ligature, which is the word in use.

ALLI'NEMENT, noun [Latin linea.]

A reducing to a line or to a square; a state of being in squares, in a line, or on a level; a line; a row.

AL'LIOTH, noun A star in the tail of the great bear, much used for finding the latitude at sea.

ALLISION, noun allizh'un. [Latin allido, to dash or strike against of ad and lado, to hurt by striking.]

A striking against; as, the allision of the sea against the shore.

ALLITERA'TION, noun [Latin ad and litera, a letter.]

The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals; as f and g in the following line:

Fields ever fresh, and groves forever green.

ALLIT'ERATIVE, adjective Pertaining to, or consisting in, alliteration.

ALLOCA'TION, noun [Latin ad and locatio, a placing, from locus, place. See Local.]

The act of putting one thing to another; hence its usual sense is the admission of an article of account, or an allowance made upon an account; a term used in the English Exchequer. [See Allow.]

AL'LOCHROITE, noun An amorphous, massive, opake mineral, of a grayish, yellowish or reddish color, found in Norway; considered as a variety of garnet. Its name is said to be given to it, as expressive of its changes of color before the blowpipe; Gr. other, and color.

ALLOCU'TION, noun [Latin allocutio, of ad and loquor, to speak. See eloquence.]

1. The act or manner of speaking to, or of addressing in words.

2. An address; a formal address; as, of a General to his troops; a Roman term rarely used in English.

ALLO'DIAL, adjective Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of rent or service; held independence of a lord paramount; opposed to feudal.

ALLODIAN is sometimes used, but is not well authorized.

ALLO'DIUM, noun

Freehold estate; land which is the absolute property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus opposed to feud. In England, there is no allodial land, all land being held of the king; but in the United States, most lands are allodial.

ALLONGE', noun allunj'.

1. A pass with a sword; a thrust made by stepping forward and extending the arm; a term used in fencing, often contracted into lunge.

2. A long rein, when a horse is trotted in the hand.

ALLOO', verb transitive or i. To incite dogs by a call.

[See the correct word, Halloo.]

AL'LOPHANE, noun [Gr. other and to appear.]

A mineral of a blue, and sometimes of a green or brown color, which occurs massive, or in imitative shapes. It gelatinizes in acids.

Allophane is a variety of clay, occurring in amorphous, botryoidal or reniform masses.

ALLOT', verb transitive [of ad and lot; See Lot.]

1. To divide or distribute by lot.

2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or portions; or to distribute a share to each individual concerned.

3. To grant, as a portion; to give, assign or appoint in general.

Let every man be contented with that which providence allots to him.

ALLOT'MENT, noun

1. That which is allotted; a share, part, or portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or by the act of God.

2. A part, portion or place appropriated.

In a field, there is an allotment for olives.

ALLOT'TED, participle passive Distributed by lot; granted; assigned.

ALLOT'TING, participle present tense Distributing by lot giving as portions; assigning.

ALLOW', verb transitive [Latin loco, to lay, set, place. See Lay.]

1. To grant, give or yield; as, to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a pension.

2. To admit; as, to allow the truth of a proposition; to allow a claim.

3. To admit; to own or acknowledge; as, to allow the right of the President to displace officers.

4. To approve, justify or sanction.

Ye allow the deeds of your fathers. Luke 11:48. Romans 8:1.

5. To afford, or grant as a compensation; as, to allow a dollar a day for wages.

6. To abate or deduct; as, to allow a sum for tare or leakage.

7. To permit; to grant license to; as, to allow a son to be absent.

ALLOW'ABLE, adjective That may be permitted as lawful, or admitted as true and proper; not forbid; not unlawful or improper; as, a certain degree of freedom is allowable among friends.

ALLOW'ABLY, adverb In an allowable manner; with propriety.

ALLOW'ANCE, noun

1. The act of allowing or admitting.

2. Permission; license; approbation; sanction; usually slight approbation.

3. Admission; assent to a fact or state of things; a granting.

4. Freedom from restraint; indulgence.

5. That which is allowed; a portion appointed; a stated quantity, as of food or drink; hence, in seamen's language, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provisions fall short.

6. Abatement; deduction; as, to make an allowance for the inexperience of youth.

7. Established character; reputation; as, a pilot of approved allowance obsolete

ALLOW'ANCE, verb transitive To put upon allowance; to restrain or limit to a certain quantity of provisions or drink.

Distress compelled the captain of the ship to allowance his crew.

ALLOW'ED, participle passive Granted; permitted; assented to; admitted; approved; indulged; appointed; abated.

ALLOW'ING, participle present tense Granting; permitting; admitting; approving; indulging; deducting.

ALLOY', verb transitive [Latin alligo, ad and ligo, to bind. Gr.]

1. To reduce the purity of a metal, by mixing with it a portion of one less valuable; as, to alloy gold with silver, or silver with copper.

2. To mix metals.

3. To reduce or abate by mixture; as, to alloy pleasure with misfortunes.

ALLOY', noun

1. A baser metal mixed with a finer.

2. The mixture of different metals; any metallic compound; this is its common signification in chimistry.

3. Evil mixed with good; as, no happiness is without alloy

ALLOY'AGE, noun

1. The act of alloying metals or the mixture of a baser metal with a finer, to reduce its purity; the act of mixing metals.

2. The mixture of different metals.

ALLOY'ED, participle passive Mixed; reduced in purity; debased; abated by foreign mixture.

ALLOY'ING, participle present tense Mixing a baser metal with a finer, to reduce its purity; abating by foreign mixture.

ALL'SPICE, [See under the compounds of all.]

ALLU'DE, verb intransitive [Latin alludo, to smile upon or make sport with of ad and ludo, to play.]

To refer to something not directly mentioned; to have reference; to hint at by remote suggestions; as, that story alludes to a recent transaction.

ALLU'DING, participle present tense Having reference; hinting at.

ALLU'MINOR, noun

One who colors or paints upon paper or parchment, giving light and ornament to letters and figures.

This is now written limner.

ALLU'RE, verb transitive

To attempt to draw to; to tempt by the offer of some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or acceptable; as, rewards allure men to brave danger. Sometimes used in a bad sense, to allure to evil; but in this sense entice is more common. In Hosea 2:14, allure is used in its genuine sense; 2 Peter 2:18, in the sense of entice.

ALLU'RED, participle passive Tempted; drawn, or invited, by something that appears desirable.

ALLU'REMENT, noun That which allures; any real or apparent good held forth, or operating; as a motive to action; temptation; enticement; as, the allurements of pleasure, or of honor.

ALLU'RER, noun He, or that, which allures.

ALLU'RING, participle present tense

1. Drawing; tempting; inviting by some real or apparent good.

2. adjective Inviting; having the quality of attracting or tempting.

ALLU'RINGLY, adverb In an alluring manner; enticingly.

ALLU'RINGNESS, noun The quality of alluring or tempting by the prospect of some good. [Rarely used.]

ALLU'SION, noun alluzhun. [Latin See Allude.]

A reference to something not explicitly mentioned; a hint; a suggestion, by which something is applied or understood to belong to that which is not mentioned, by means of some similitude which is perceived between them.

ALLU'SIVE, adjective Having reference to something not fully expressed.

ALLU'SIVELY, adverb By way of allusion; by implication, remote suggestion or insinuation.

ALLU'SIVENESS, noun The quality of being allusive. [Rarely used.]

ALLU'VIAL, adjective [See alluvion.]

1. Pertaining to alluvion; added to land by the wash of water.

2. Washed ashore or down a stream; formed by a current of water; as, alluval ores; alluvial soil.

ALLU'VION,

ALLU'VIOUS, adjective The same as alluvial, and less frequently used.

ALLU'VIOUS, a. The same as alluvial, and less frequently used.

ALLU'VIUM, noun [Latin alluvio, of ad and lavo or luo, alluo, to wash. See Lave.]

1. The insensible increase of earth on a shore, or bank of a river, by the force of water, as by a current or by waves. The owner of the land thus augmented has a right to the alluvial earth.

2. A gradual washing or carrying of earth or other substances to a shore or bank; the earth thus added.

3. The mass of substances collected by means of the action of water.

In this alluvium was found the entire skeleton of a whale.

ALLY', verb transitive [Latin ligo.]

1. To unite, or form a relation, as between families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league or confederacy.

2. To form a relation by similitude, resemblance or friendship. Note. This word is more generally used in the passive form, as families are allied by blood; or reciprocally, as princes ally themselves to powerful states.

ALLY' noun

1. A prince or state united by treaty or league; a confederate.

The allies of Rome were slaves.

2. One related by marriage or other tie; but seldom applied to individuals, except to princes in their public capacity.

ALLY'ING, participle present tense Uniting by marriage or treaty.

AL'ME, or AL'MA, noun Girls in Egypt, whose occupation is to amuse company with singing and dancing.

AL'MACANTAR, noun [See almucantar.]

ALMADIE, noun A bark canoe used by the Africans; also a long boat used at Calicut, in India, eighty feet long, and six or seven broad; called also cathuri.

AL'MAGEST, noun

A book or collection of problems in astronomy and geometry, drawn up by Ptolemy. The same title has been given to other works of the like kind.

ALMA'GRA, noun a fine deep red ocher, with an admixture of purple, very heavy, dense but friable, with a rough dusty surface. It is the sil atticum of the ancients. it is austere to the taste, astringent, melting in the mouth and staining the skin. it is used as a paint and as a medicine.

AL'MANACK, noun

A small book or table, containing a calendar of days, weeks and months, with the times of the rising of the sun and moon, changes of the moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, stated terms of courts, observations on the weather, etc. for the year ensuing. this calendar is sometimes published on one side of a single sheet, and called a sheet-almanack.

The Baltic nations formerly engraved their calendars on pieces of wood, on swords, helves of axes, and various other utensils, and especially on walking sticks. many of these are preserved in the cabinets of the curious. they are called by different nations, rimstocks, primstories, runstocks, runstaffs, clogs, etc.

The characters used are generally the Runic or Gothic.

AL'MANDINE, noun In mineralogy, precious garnet, a beautiful mineral of a red color, of various shades, sometimes tinged with yellow or blue. It is commonly translucent, sometimes transparent. It occurs crystallized in the rhombic, dodecahedron.

AL'ME, or AL'MA, noun Girls in Egypt, whose occupation is to amuse company with singing and dancing.

ALME'NA, noun A weight of two pounds, used to weigh saffron in several parts of Asia.

ALMI'GHTINESS, noun Omnipotence; infinite or boundless power; an attribute of God only.

ALMI'GHTY, adjective [all and mighty. See Might.]

Possessing all power; omnipotent; being of unlimited might; being of boundless sufficiency; appropriately applied to the Supreme Being.

ALMI'GHTY, noun The Omnipotent God.

AL'MOND, noun

1. The fruit of the almond tree; an ovate, compressed nut, perforated in the pores. It is either sweet or bitter. [It is popularly pronounced ammond.]

2. The tonsils, two glands near the basis of the tongue, are called almonds, from their resemblance to that nut; vulgularly, but improperly, called the almonds of the ears, as they belong to the throat.

3. In Portugal, a measure by which wine is sold, twenty-six of which make a pipe.

[But in Portuguese it is written almude.]

4. Among lapidaries, almonds signify pieces of rock crystal, used in adorning branch candlesticks, so called from their resemblance to this fruit.

AL'MONER, noun [See Alms.]

An officer whose duty is to distribute charity or alms. By the ancient canons, every monastery was to dispose of a tenth of its income in alms to the poor, and all bishops were obliged to keep an almoner This title is sometimes given to a chaplain; as, the almoner of a ship or regiment.

The Lord almoner or Lord High almoner in England, is an ecclesiastical officer, generally a bishop, who has the forfeiture of al deodands, and the goods of self-murderers, which he is to distribute to the poor.

The Grand almoner in France, is the first ecclesiastical dignitary, and has the superintendence of hospitals.

AL'MONRY, noun [Corrupted into ambry, aumbry, or aumery.]

The place where the almoner resides, or where the alms are distributed.

ALMO'ST, adverb [all and most.] Nearly; well nigh; for the greatest part.

Almost thou persuadest me to be a christian. Acts 26:28.

'ALMS noun, 'amz. [Eng. almesse; Latin eleemosyna; Gr. to pity.]

Any thing given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money, food, or clothing, otherwise called charity.

A lame man was laid daily to ask an alms Acts 3:2.

Cornelius gave much alms to the people. Acts 10:2.

Tenure by free alms or frank-almoign, in England, is that by which the possessor is bound to pray for the soul of the donor, whether dead or alive; a tenure by which most of the ancient monasteries and religious houses in England held their lands, as do the parochial clergy, and many ecclesiastical and eleemosynary establishments at this day. Land thus held was free from all rent or other service.

AL'MUCANTAR, noun A series of circles of the sphere passing through the center of the sun, or of a star, parallel to the horizon. It is synonymous with a parallel of altitude, whose common zenith is the vertical point.

ALMUCANTAR'S STAFF. An instrument of box or pear-tree, having an arch of fifteen degrees, used to take observations of the sun, about the time of its rising or setting, to find the amplitude and the variations of the compass.

ALMU'DE, noun A wine measure in Portugal, of which twenty-six make a pipe.

AL'MUG, noun In scripture a tree or wood.

First occurrence in the Bible(KJV): 1 Kings 10:11

AL'NAGER, or AL'NAGAR, n. A measurer by the ell; a sworn officer, whose duty was to inspect and measure woolen cloth and fix upon it a seal. This office was abolished by Statute, 11 and 12. Will. 3. No duty or office of this kind exists in the United States.

AL'NAGE, noun [Latin ulna; Gr. an arm, a cubit. See Ell.]

A measuring by the ell.

AL'NAGER, or AL'NAGAR, noun A measurer by the ell; a sworn officer, whose duty was to inspect and measure woolen cloth and fix upon it a seal. This office was abolished by Statute, 11 and 12. Will. 3. No duty or office of this kind exists in the United States.

AL'NIGHT, n A cake of wax with the wick in the midst.

AL'OE, noun al'o, plural aloes, pronounced aloze, and popularly al'oez, in three syllables, according to the Latin. [Latin aloe; Gr; Heb. plu aloe trees.]

In botany, a genus of monogynian hexanders, of many species; all natives of warm climates, and most of them, of the southern part of Africa.

Among the Mohammedans, the aloe is a symbolic plant, especially in Egypt; and every one who returns from a pilgrimage to Mecca, hangs it over his street door, as a token that he has performed the journey.

In Africa, the leaves of the Guinea aloe are made into durable ropes. Of one species are made fishing lines, bow strings, stockings and hammocs. The leaves of another species hole rain water.

ALOES noun, in medicine, is the inspissated juice of the aloe. The juice is collected from the leaves, which are cut and put in a tub, and when a large quantity is procured, it is boiled to a suitable consistence; or it is exposed to the sun, till all the fluid part is exhaled. There are several kinds sold in the shops; as the socotrine aloes from Socotora, an isle in the Indian ocean; the hepatic or common Barbadoes aloes; and the fetid or caballine aloes

ALOES is a stimulating stomachic purgative; when taken in small doses, it is useful for people of a lax habit and sedentary life.

First occurrence in the Bible(KJV): Numbers 24:6

ALOET'IC,

ALOET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to aloe or aloes; partaking of the qualities of aloes.

ALOET'IC, noun A medicine consisting chiefly of aloes.

ALOFT', adverb [a and loft. See Loft and Luff.]

1. On high; in the air; high above the ground; as, the eagle soars aloft

2. In seamen's language, in the top; at the mast head; or on the higher yards or rigging. Hence on the upper part, as of a building.

ALO'GIANS, noun [Gr. a neg. and word.]

In church history, a sect of ancient heretics, who denied Jesus Christ to be the Logos and consequently rejected the gospel of St. John.

AL'OGOTROPHY, noun [Gr. unreasonable and nutrition.]

A disproportionate nutrition of the parts of the body, as when one part receives more or less nourishment and growth than another.

AL'OGY, noun [Gr.] Unreasonableness; absurdity. obsolete

ALO'NE, adjective [all and one.]

1. Single; solitary; without the presence of another; applied to a person or thing.

It is not good that man should be alone Genesis 2:18.

[This adjective follows its noun.]

2. It is applied to two or more persons or things, when separate from others, in a place or condition by themselves; without company.

And when they were alone he expounded all things to his disciples. Mark 4:10.

3. Only.

Thou whose name alone is Jehovah. Psalms 83:18.

This sense at first appears to be adverbial, but really is not; whose name single, solitary, without another, is Jehovah.

To let alone is to suffer to rest; to forbear molesting or meddling with; to suffer to remain in its present state. alone in this phrase, is an adjective, the word to which it refers being omitted; let me alone; let them alone; let it alone; that is, suffer it to be unmolested, or to remain as it is, or let it remain by itself.

ALO'NE, adverb Separately; by itself.

ALO'NELY, adjective or adverb Only; merely; singly. [Not used.]

ALO'NENESS, noun That state which belong to no other. [Not used.]

ALONG', adverb [See Long.]

1. By the length; lengthwise; in a line with the length; as, the troops marched along the bank of the river, or along the highway. 1 Samuel 6:12.

2. Onward; in a line, or with a progressive motion; as, a meteor glides along the sky; let us walk along

All along signifies the whole length; through the whole distance; in the whole way or length.

Ishmael went forth, weeping all along as he went. Jeremiah 41:6. 1 Samuel 28:20.

ALONG with signifies in company; joined with; as, Go along with us. Sometimes with is omitted;

Come then, my friend, my genius, come along

ALONG side, in seamen's language, that is, by the length or in a line with the side, signifies side by side, as by another ship or by the side of a wharf.

ALONG shore is by the shore or coast, lengthwise, and near the shore.

Lying along is lying on the side, or pressed down by the weight of sail.

ALONGST', adverb Along; through or by the length. obsolete

ALOOF, adverb [Probably from the root of leave, to depart.]

1. At a distance, but within view, or at a small distance, in a literal sense; as, to stand aloof

2. In a figurative sense, not concerned in a design; declining to take any share, implying circumspection; keeping at a distance from the point, or matter in debate.

AL'OPECY, noun [Gr. a fox, whose urine is said to occasion baldness.]

A disease, called the fox-evil or scurf, which is a falling off of the hair, from any part of the body.

ALO'SA, noun A fish of passage, called the shad, or other of herrings, a species of Clupea. It is an abdominal, and some naturalists allege it to be a different species from the shad.

ALOUD', adverb [a and loud; See Loud.]

Loudly; with a loud voice, or great noise.

Cry aloud spare not. Isaiah 58:1.

ALP, ALPS, noun [Gr. white; Latin albus

ALPAG'NA, noun An animal of Peru, used as a beast of burden; the Camelus Paco of Linne, and the Pacos of Pennant.

AL'PHA, noun [Heb. an ox, a leader.]

The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and used to denote first or beginning.

I am alpha and Omega. Revelation 1:8.

As a numeral, it stands for one. It was formerly used also to denote chief; as, Plato was the alpha of the wits.

AL'PHABET, noun [Gr.]

The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters which form the elements of speech.

AL'PHABET, verb transitive To arrange in the order of an alphabet; to form an alphabet in a book, or designate the leaves by the letters of the alphabet

ALPHABETA'RIAN, noun A learner while in the adjective B.C.

ALPHABET'IC,

ALPHABET'ICAL, adjective In the order of an alphabet, or in the order of the letters as customarily arranged.

ALPHABET'ICAL, a. In the order of an alphabet, or in the order of the letters as customarily arranged.

ALPHABET'ICALLY, adverb In an alphabetical manner; in the customary order of the letters.

ALPHE'NIX, noun [al and phaenix.]

White barley sugar, used for colds. It is common sugar boiled till it will easily crack; then poured upon an oiled marble table, and molded into various figures.

AL'PHEST, noun A small fish, having a purple back and belly, with yellow sides, a smooth mouth, and thick fleshy lips; always caught near the shore or among rocks.

ALPHON'SIN, noun A surgical instrument for extracting bullets from wounds, so called from its inventor, Alphonsus Ferrier of Naples. It consists of three branches, which close by a ring, and open when it is drawn back.

ALPHON'SIN TABLES. Astronomical tables made by Alphonsus king of Arragon.

AL'PHUS, noun [Gr. white.]

That species of leprosy called vitiligo, in which the skin is rough, with white spots.

AL'PIST, or AL'PIA, noun The seed of the fox-tail; a small seed, used for feeding birds.

AL'PINE, adjective [Latin alpinus, from Alpes.]

1. Pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; very high; elevated.

2. Growing on high mountains; as, alpine plants.

AL'PINE, noun A kind of strawberry growing on lofty hills.

AL'PIST, or AL'PIA, noun The seed of the fox-tail; a small seed, used for feeding birds.

ALP, ALPS noun [Gr. white; Latin albus

A high mountain. The name, it is supposed, was originally given to mountains whose tops were covered with snow, and hence appropriately applied to the mountains of Swisserland; so that by alps is generally understood the latter mountains. But geographers apply the name to any high mountains.

AL'QUIER, noun A measure in Portugal for dry things, as well as liquids, containing half an almude or about two gallons. It is called also Cantar.

AL'QUIFOU, noun A sort of lead ore, which, when broke, looks like antimony. It is found in Cornwall, England; used by potters to give a green varnish to their wares, and called potters ore. A small mixture of manganese gives it a blackish hue.

ALREAD'Y, adverb alred'dy. [all and ready. See Ready.]

Literally, a state of complete preparation; but, by an easy deflection, the sense is, at this time, or at a specified time.

Elias is come already Matthew 17:12.

Joseph was in Egypt already Exodus 1:5.

AL'SO, adverb [all and so.] Likewise; in like manner.

Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also Matthew 16:1.

ALT or AL'TO, adjective [Latin altus, high; Heb. upper, high.]

In music a term applied to high notes in the scale. In sculpture, alto-relievo, high relief, is when the figures project half or more, without being entirely detached from the ground.

ALTA'IC, or ALTA'IAN, a.

ALTA'IC, or ALTA'IAN, adjective

Pertaining to the Altai, a vast ridge of mountains extending, in an easterly direction, through a considerable part of Asia, and forming a boundary between the Russian and Chinese dominions.

AL'TAR, noun [Latin altare, probably from the same root as altus, high.

1. A mount; a table or elevated place, on which sacrifices where anciently offered to some deity. Altars were originally made of turf, afterwards of stone, wood or horn; some were round, others square, others triangular. They differed also in height, but all faced the east. The principal altars of the Jews were, the altar of incense, of burnt-offerings, and of shewbread; all of shittim wood, and covered with gold or brass.

2. In modern churches, the communion table; and, figuratively, a church; a place of worship.

3. In scripture, Christ is called the altar of Christians, he being the atoning sacrifice for sin.

We have an altar whereof they have no right to eat, who serve tabernacles. Hebrews 13:10.

AL'TARAGE, noun The profits arising to priests from oblations, or on account of the altar. Also, in law, altars erected in virtue of donations, before the reformation, within a parochial church, for the purpose of singing a mass for deceased friends.

AL'TARIST, or AL'TAR-THANE, noun In old laws, an appellation given to the priest to whom the altarage belonged; also a chaplain.

AL'TER, verb transitive [Latin alter another. See Alien.]

1. To make some change in; to make different in some particular; to vary in some degree, without an entire change.

My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that has gone out of my lips. Psalms 89:34.

2. To change entirely or materially; as, to alter an opinion. In general, to alter is to change partially; to change is more generally to substitute one thing for another, or to make a material difference in a thing.

AL'TER, verb intransitive To become, in some respects, different; to vary; as, the weather alters almost daily.

The law which altereth not. Daniel 4:1.

AL'TERABILITY, noun The quality of being susceptible of alteration.

AL'TERABLE, adjective That may become different; that may vary.

AL'TERABLENESS, noun The quality of admitting alteration; variableness.

AL'TERABLY, adverb In a manner that may be altered, or varied.

AL'TERAGE, noun [From alo, to feed.]

The breeding, nourishing or fostering of a child. But this is not an English word.

AL'TERANT, adjective Altering; gradually changing.

AL'TERANT, noun A medicine which, without a sensible operation, gradually corrects the state of the body and changes it from a diseased to a healthy condition. An alterative.

ALTERA'TION, noun [Latin alteratio.]

The act of making different, or of varying in some particular; an altering or partial change; also the change made, or the loss or acquisition of qualities not essential to the form or nature of a thing. Thus a cold substance suffers an alteration when it becomes hot.

AL'TERATIVE, adjective Causing alteration; having the power to alter.

AL'TERATIVE, noun A medicine which, without sensible operation, gradually induces a change in the habit or constitution and restores healthy functions. This word is more generally used than alterant.

AL'TERCATE, verb intransitive [Latin altercor, alterco, from alter, another.]

To contend in words; to dispute with zeal, heat or anger; to wrangle.

ALTERCA'TION, noun [Latin altercatio.]

Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or anger; controversy; wrangle.

AL'TERN adjective [Latin alternus, of alter, another.]

1. Acting by turns; one succeeding another; alternate, which is the word generally used.

2. In crystallography, exhibiting, on two parts, an upper and a lower part, faces which alternate among themselves, but which, when the two parts are compared, correspond with each other.

Altern-base, in trigonometry, is a term used in distinction from the true base. Thus in oblique triangles, the true base is the sum of the sides, and then the difference of the sides is the altern-base; or the true base is the difference of the sides, and then the sum of the sides is the altern-base.

AL'TERNACY, noun Performance or actions by turns. [Little used.]

ALTERN'AL, adjective Alternative. [Little used.]

ALTERN'ALLY, adverb By turns. [Little used.]

ALTERN'ATE, adjective [Latin alternatus.]

1. Being by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; hence reciprocal.

And bid alternate passions fall and rise.

2. In botany branches and leaves are alternate when they rise higher on opposite sides alternately, come out singly, and follow in gradual order.

Alternate alligation. [See Alligation.]

Alternate angles, in geometry, the internal angles made by a line cutting two parallels, and lying on opposite sides of the cutting line; the one below the first parallel, and the other above the second.

In heraldry, the first and fourth quarters, and the second and third, are usually of the same nature, and are called alternate quarters.

ALTERN'ATE, noun That which happens by turns with something else; vicissitude.

AL'TERNATE, verb transitive [Latin alterno. See Alter. With the accent on the second syllable, the participle alternating can hardly be pronounced.]

To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to change one thing for another reciprocally; as, God alternates good and evil.

AL'TERNATE, verb intransitive

1. To happen or to act by turns; as, the flood and ebb tides alternate with each other.

2. To follow reciprocally in place.

Different species alternating with each other.

ALTERN'ATELY, adverb In reciprocal succession; by turns, so that each is succeeded by that which it succeeds, as night follows day and day follows night.

ALTERN'ATENESS, noun The quality of being alternate, or of following in succession.

AL'TERNATING, participle present tense Performing or following by turns.

ALTERNA'TION, noun

1. The reciprocal succession of things, in time or place; the act of following and being followed in succession; as, we observe the alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter.

2. The different changes or alterations of orders, in numbers. Thus, if it is required to know how many changes can be rung on six bells, multiply the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, continually into one another, and the last product is the number required. This is call permutation.

3. The answer of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister.

4. Alternate performance, in the choral sense.

ALTERN'ATIVE, adjective Offering a choice of two things.

ALTERN'ATIVE, noun That which may be chosen or omitted; a choice of two things, so that if one is taken, the other must be left. Thus, when two things offer a choice of one only, the two things are called alternatives. In strictness, then, the word can not be applied to more than two things, and when one thing only is offered for choice, it is said there is no alternative

Between these alternatives there is no middle ground.

ALTERN'ATIVELY, adverb In the manner of alternatives; in a manner that admits the choice of one out of two things.

ALTERN'ATIVENESS, noun The quality or state of being alternative.

ALTERN'ITY, noun Succession by turns; alternation.

ALTHE'A, noun [Gr. to heal.]

In botany, a genus of polyandrian monadelphs, of several species; called in English marsh-mallow.

The common species has a perennial root, and an annual stalk rising four or five feet. It abounds with mucilage, and is used as an emollient.

ALTHO'UGH, altho', obsolete verb, or used only in the Imperative.

Grant all this; be it so; allow all; suppose that; admit all that; as, 'although the fig tree shall not blossom.' Habakkuk 3:17. That is, grant, admit or suppose what follows - 'the fig tree shall not blossom.' It is a transitive verb, and admits after it the definitive that - although that the fig tree shall not blossom; but this use of the verb, has been long obsolete. The word may be defined by notwithstanding, non obstante; as not opposing may be equivalent to admitting or supposing.

ALTIL'OQUENCE, noun [Latin altus, high, and loquor, loquens, speaking.] Lofty speech; pompous language.

ALTIM'ETER, noun [Latin altus, high and Gr. measure. See Measure and Mode.]

An instrument for taking altitudes by geometrical principles, as a geometrical quadrant.

ALTIM'ETRY, noun The art of ascertaining altitudes by means of a proper instrument, and by trigonometrical principles without actual mensuration.

AL'TIN, noun A money of account in Russia, value three kopecks, or about three cents; also a lake in Siberia, ninety miles in length.

ALTIN'CAR, noun A species of factitious salt or powder, used in the fusion and purification of metals, prepared in various ways. [See Tincal.]

ALTIS'ONANT,

ALTIS'ONOUS, adjective [Latin altus, high, and sonans, sounding; sonus, sound.] High sounding, lofty or pompous, as language.

ALTIS'ONOUS, a. [L. altus, high, and sonans, sounding; sonus, sound.] High sounding, lofty or pompous, as language.

AL'TITUDE, noun [Latin altitudo, of altus, high, and a common termination, denoting state, condition or manner.]

1. Space extended upward; height; the elevation of an object above its foundation; as, the altitude of a mountain, or column; or the elevation of an object or place above the surface on which we stand, or above the earth; as, the altitude of a cloud or a meteor; or the elevation of one object above another; as, of a bird above the top of a a tree.

2. The elevation of a point, a star, or other object above the horizon. This is true or apparent altitude; true, when taken from the rational or real horizon; apparent, when taken from the sensible, or apparent horizon.

3. Figuratively, high degree; superior excellence; highest point of excellence.

He is proud to the altitude of his virtue.

The altitude of the eye, in perspective, is a right line let fall from the eye, perpendicular to the geometrical plane.

Meridian altitude is an arch of the meridian between the horizon and any star or point on the meridian.

ALTIV'OLANT, adjective [Latin altus, high, and volans, flying.]

Flying high.

AL'TO. [Latin altus.] High.

Alto and Basso, high and low, in old law, terms used to signify a submission of all differences of every kind to arbitration.

ALTOGETH'ER, adverb [all and together. See Together.]

Wholly; entirely; completely; without exception.

Every man at his best estate is altogether vanity. Psalms 39:5.

AL'UDEL, noun [a and lutum, without lute. Lunier.]

In chimistry, aludels are earthern pots without bottoms, that they may be exactly fitted into each other, and used in sublimations. At the bottom of the furnace is a pot containing the matter to be sublimed, and at the top a head to receive the volatile matter.

AL'UM, noun [Latin alumen.]

A triple sulphate of alumina and potassa. This substance is white, transparent and very astringent; but seldom found pure or crystallized. This salt is usually prepared by roasting and lixiviating certain clays containing pyrites, and to the lye adding a certain quantity of potassa; the salt is then obtained by crystallization. alum is of great use in medicine and the arts. In medicine, it is used as an astringent; internally, in hemoptoe, diarrhea, and dysentery; externally, as a styptic applied to bleeding vessels, and as an escharotic. In the arts, it is used in dyeing to fix colors; in making candles, for hardening the tallow; in tanning, for restoring the cohesion of skins.

AL'UMIN,

ALU'MINA, noun An earth or earthy substance, which has been considered to be elementary, and called pure clay; but recently, chimical experiments have given reason to believe it to be a metallic oxyd, to the base of which has been given the name aluminum. This metallic base however has not been obtained in such a state as to make its properties susceptible of examination. Alumina is destitute of taste and smell. When moistened with water, it forms a cohesive and ductile mass, susceptible of being kneaded into regular forms.

ALU'MINA, n. An earth or earthy substance, which has been considered to be elementary, and called pure clay; but recently, chimical experiments have given reason to believe it to be a metallic oxyd, to the base of which has been given the name aluminum. This metallic base however has not been obtained in such a state as to make its properties susceptible of examination. Alumina is destitute of taste and smell. When moistened with water, it forms a cohesive and ductile mass, susceptible of being kneaded into regular forms.

ALU'MINIFORM adjective Having the form of alumina.

AL'UMINITE, noun Subsulphate of alumina; a mineral that occurs in small roundish or reniform masses. Its color is snow white or yellowish white.

ALU'MINOUS, adjective Pertaining to alum or alumina, or partaking of the same properties.

ALU'MINUM, noun The name given to the supposed metallic base of alumina.

AL'UMISH, adjective Having the nature of alum; somewhat resembling alum.

ALU'TA, noun [Latin] A species of leatherstone, soft, pliable and not laminated.

ALUTA'TION, noun [Latin aluta, tanned leather.] The tanning of leather.

AL'VEARY, noun [Latin alvearium, alveare, a bee hive, from alvus, the belly.] The hollow of the external ear, or bottom of the concha.

AL'VEOLAR,

AL'VEOLARY, adjective [Latin alveolus, a socket, from alveus, a hollow vessel.] Containing sockets, hollow cells or its; pertaining to sockets.

AL'VEOLARY, a. [L. alveolus, a socket, from alveus, a hollow vessel.] Containing sockets, hollow cells or its; pertaining to sockets.

AL'VEOLATE, adjective [Latin alveolatus, from alveus, a hollow vessel.]pitted, so as to resemble a honey comb.

AL'VEOLE,

AL'VEOLITE, noun [Latin alveolus, and Gr.]

In natural history, a kind of stony polypiers, of a globular or hemispherical shape; formed by numerous concentric beds, each composed of a union of little cells.

AL'VEOLITE, n. [L. alveolus, and Gr.]

AL'VEOLUS, noun [Latin dim of alveus.]

1. A cell in a bee hive, or in a fossil.

2. The socket in the jaw, in which a tooth is fixed.

3. A sea fossil of a conic figure, composed of a number of cells, like bee-hives, joined by a pipe of communication.

AL'VINE, adjective [from alvus, the belly.] Belonging to the belly or intestines.

ALWAR'GRIM, noun The spotted plover.

AL'WAY or AL'WAYS, adverb [all and way]

AL'WAY or AL'WAYS, adverb [all and way]

1. Perpetually; throughout all time; as, God is ALWAYS the same.

2. Continually; without variation.

I do alway those things which please him. John 8:29. Matthew 28:1.

3. Continually or constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals.

Mephibosheth shall eat bread alway at my table. 2 Samuel 9:1.

4. At all convenient times; regularly.

Cornelius prayed to God alway. Acts 10:1. Luke 18:1. Ephesians 6:18.

Alway is now seldom used. The application of this compound to time proceeds from the primary sense of way, which is a going or passing; hence, continuation.

A.M. stand for Artium Magister, master of arts, the second degree given by universities and colleges; called in some countries, doctor of philosophy. In America, this degree is conferred without examination, on bachelors of three years standing.

A.M. stand also for Anno Mundi, in the year of the world.

AM, the first person of the verb to be, in the indicative mode, present tense.

I am that I am. Exodus 3:1.