AD. A Latin preposition, signifying to. It is probably from Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. Eth. and Ar. To come near, to approach; from which root we may also deduce at. In composition, the last letter is usually changed into the first letter of the word to which it is prefixed. Thus for adclamo, the Romans wrote acclamo. The reason of this change is found in the ease of pronunciation, and agreeableness of the sounds.
AD hominem, to the man, in logic, an argument, adapted to touch the prejudices of the person addressed.
AD inquirendum, in law, a judicial writ commanding inquiry to be made.
AD libitum [Latin] at pleasure
AD valorem, according to the value, in commerce and finance, terms used to denote duties or charges laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent, upon their value, as stated in their invoices; in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number.
AD'AGE, noun [Latin adagium, or adagio]
A proverb; an old saying, which has obtained credit by long use; a wise observation handed down from antiquity.
ADA'GIO, noun [Latin otium; Eng. ease.]
In music, a slow movement. As an adverb, slowly, leisurely, and with grace. When repeated, adagio adagio it directs the movement to be very slow.
AD'AM, noun In Heb., Man; primarily, the name of the human species, mankind; appropriately, the first Man, the progenitor of the human race. The word signifies form, shape, or suitable form, hence, species. It is evidently connected with Heb., to be like or equal, to form an image, to assimilate. Whence the sense of likeness, image, form, shape; Gr., a body, like. [See Man.]
Adam's apple, a species of citron [See Citron] also the prominent part of the throat.
AD'AM's needle, the popular name of the yucca, a plant of four species, cultivated in gardens. Of the roots, the Indians made a kind of bread. [See Yucca.]
AD'AMANT, noun [ Gr.; Latin adamas; a word of Celtic origin.]
A very hard or impenetrable stone; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness. The name has often been given to the load stone; but in modern mineralogy, it has no technical signification.
ADAMANTE'AN, adjective Hard as adamant.
ADAMANT'INE, adjective Made of adamant; having the qualities of adamant; that cannot be broken, dissolved, or penetrated, as adamantine bonds, or chains.
Adamantine Spar, a genus of earths, of three varieties. The color of the first is gray, with shades of brown or green; the form when regular, a hexangular prism, two sides large and four small, without a pyramid; its surface striated, and with a thin covering of white mica, interspersed with particles of red felspar; its fracture, foliaceous and sparry. The second variety is whiter, and the texture more foliaceous. The third variety is of a reddish brown color. This stone is very hard, and of difficult fusion.
A variety of corrundum.
AD'AMIC, adjective Pertaining to Adam. adamic earth, is the term given to common red clay, so called by means of a mistaken opinion that Adam means red earth.
AD'AMITES, in Church history, a sect of visionaries, who pretended to establish a state of innocence, and like Adam, went naked. They abhorred marriage, holding it to be the effect of sin. Several attempts have been made to revive this sec; one as late as the 15th century.
ADAMIT'IC, Like the Adamites.
ADANSO'NIA, noun Ethiopian sour gourd, monkey's bread, of African calabash-tree. It is a tree of one species, called baobab, a native of Africa, and the largest of the vegetable kingdom. The stem rises not above twelve or fifteen feet, but is from sixty-five to seventy-eight feet in circumference. The branches shoot horizontally to the length of sixty feet, the ends bending to the ground. The fruit is oblong, pointed at both ends, ten inches in length, and covered with a greenish down, under which is a hard ligneous rind. It hangs to the tree by a pedicle two feet long, and contains a white spungy substance. The leaves and bark, dried and powdered, are used by the negroes, as pepper, on their food, to promote perspiration. The tree is named from M. Adanson, who has given a description of it.
ADAPT' verb transitive [Latin ad. and apto, to fit; Gr.]
To make suitable; to fit or suit; as, to adapt an instrument to its uses; we have provision adapted to our wants. It is applied to things material or immaterial.
ADAPT'ABLE, adjective That may be adapted.
ADAPTA'TION, noun The act of making suitable, or the state of being suitable, or fit; fitness.
ADAPT'ED, participle passive Suited; made suitable; fitted.
ADAPT'ER. See adopter.
ADAPT'ING, participle present tense Suiting; making fit.
ADAP'TION, noun Adaptation; the act of fitting [Little used, and hardly legitimate.]
ADAPT'NESS, noun A state of being fitted. [Not used.]
A'DAR, noun a Hebrew month, answering to the latter part of February, and the beginning of March, the 12th of the sacred and 6th of the civil year; so named to become glorious, from the exuberance of vegetation, in that month, in Egypt and Palestine.
ADAR'CE, noun [Gr.]
A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. It is lax and porous, like bastard spunge, and used to clear the skin in leprosy, tetters, etc.
ADAR'CON, noun In Jewish antiquity, a gold coin worth about three dollars and a third, or about fifteen shillings sterling.
ADAR'ME, noun A Spanish weight, the sixteenth of an ounce. The Spanish ounce is seven per cent. Lighter than that of Paris.
AD'ATIS, noun A muslin or species of cotton cloth from India. It is fine and clear; the piece is ten French ells long, and three quarters wide.
AD'AUNT, verb transitive To subdue. [Not used. See Daunt.]
ADAW', verb transitive To daunt; to subject. [Not used.]
ADA'YS, adverb On or in days; as in the phrase, now adays
ADD, verb transitive [Latin addo, from ad and do, to give.]
1. To set or put together, join or unite, as one thing or sum to another, in an agreegate; as, add three to four, the sum is seven.
2. To unite in idea or consideration; to subjoin.
To what has been alledged, let this argument be added.
3. To increase number.
Thou shalt add three cities more of refuge. Deuteronomy 19:9.
4. To augment.
Rehoboam said, I will add to your yoke. 1 Kings 12:11.
Ye shall not add to the word which I command you. Deuteronomy 4:2.
As here used, the verb is intransitive, but there may be an ellipsis.
To add to, is used in scripture, as equivalent to give, or bestow upon. Genesis 30:24, Matthew 6:27. In Galatians 2:6, the word is understood to signify instruction. 'In conference they added nothing to me.' In narration, he or they added, is elliptical; he added words, or what follows, or he continued his discourse.
In general, when used of things, add implies a principal thing, to which a smaller is to be annexed, as a part of the whole sum, mass, or number.
AD'DARAC, noun Red orpiment.
ADDEC'IMATE, verb transitive [Latin ad and decimus, tenth.]
To take, or to ascertain tithes.
ADD'ED, participle passive Joined in place, in sum, in mass or aggregate, in number, in idea or consideration; united; put together.
ADDEE'M, verb transitive [See Deem.] To award; to sentence. [Little used.]
AD'DER, noun [Latin natrix, a serpent.]
A venomous serpent or viper, of several species.
ADDIBIL'ITY, noun The possibility of being added.
AD'DIBLE, adjective [See Add.] That may be added.
AD'DICE, obs. [See Adz.]
ADDICT', adjective Addicted. [Not much used.]
ADDICT', verb transitive [Latin addico, to devote, from ad and dico, to dedicate.]
To apply one's self habitually; to devote time and attention by customary or constant practice; sometimes in a good sense.
They have addicted themselves to the ministry of the saints. 1 Corinthians 16:15.
More usually, in a bad sense, to follow customarily, or devote, by habitually practicing that which is ill; as, a man is addicted to intemperance.
To addict one's self to a person, a sense borrowed from the Romans, who used the word for assigning debtors in service to their creditors, is found in Ben Jonson, but is not legitimate in English.
ADDICT'ED, participle passive Devoted by customary practice.
ADDICT'EDNESS, noun The quality or state of being addicted.
ADDICT'ING, participle present tense Devoting time and attention; practicing customarily.
ADDIC'TION, noun
1. The act of devoting or giving up in practice; the state of being devoted.
His addiction was to courses vain.
2. Among the Romans, a making over goods to another by sale or legal sentence; also an assignment of debtors in service in their creditors.
ADD'ING, participle present tense Joining; putting together; increasing.
ADDIT'AMENT, noun [Latin additamentum, from additus and ment. See Add.]
An addition, or rather the thing added, as furniture in a house; any material mixed with the principal ingredient in a compound. Ancient anatomists gave the name to an epiphysis, or junction of bones without articulation. [Little used in either sense.]
ADDI'TION, noun [Latin additio, from addo.]
1. The act of adding, opposed to subtraction, or diminution; as, a sum is increased by addition
2. Any thing added, whether material or immaterial.
3. In arithmetic, the uniting of two or more numbers in one sum; also the rule or branch of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers. Simple addition is the joining of sums of the same denomination, as pounds to pounds, dollars to dollars. Compound addition is the joining of sums of different denominations, as dollars and cents.
4. In law, a title annexed to a man's name, to show his rank, occupation or place of residence; as John Doe, Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent; Robert Dale, Mason; Thomas Way, of New York.
5. In music, a dot at the side of a note, to lengthen its sound one half.
6. In heraldry, something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor, opposed to abatements, as bordure, quarter, canton, gyron, pile, etc. See these terms.
7. In distilling, any thing added to the wash or liquor in a state of fermentation.
8. In popular language, an advantage, ornament, improvement; that is, an addition by way of eminence.
ADDI'TIONAL, adjective That is added. it is used by Bacon for addition; but improperly.
ADDI'TIONALLY, adverb By way of addition.
ADD'ITIVE, adjective That may be added, or that is to be added.
ADD'ITORY, adjective That adds, or may add.
AD'DLE, adjective [Heb. to fail.]
In a morbid state; putrid; applied to eggs.
Hence, barren, producing nothing.
His brains grow addle
AD'DLED, adjective Morbid, corrupt, putrid, or barren.
ADDOOM', verb transitive [See Doom.] To adjudge.
ADDORS'ED, adjective [Latin ad and dorsum, the back.]
In heraldry, having the backs turned to each other, as beasts.
ADDRESS', verb transitive [This is supposed to be from Latin dirigo.]
1. To prepare; to make suitable dispositions for.
Turnus addressed his men to single fight.
2. To direct words or discourse; to apply to by words; as, to address a discourse to an assembly; to address the judges.
3. To direct in writing; as a letter; or to direct and transmit; as he addressed a letter to the speaker. Sometimes it is used with the reciprocal pronoun, as, he addressed himself to the speaker, instead of, he addressed his discourse. The phrase is faulty; but less so than the following. To such I would address with this most affectionate petition.
Young Turnus to the beauteous maid aldrest.
The latter is admissible in poetry, as an elliptical phrase.
4. To present an address as a letter of thanks or congratulation, a petition, or a testimony of respect; as, the legislature addressed the president.
5. To court or make suit as a lover.
6. In commerce, to consign or entrust to the care of another, as agent or factor; as, the ship was addressed to a merchant in Baltimore.
ADDRESS', noun
1. A speaking to; verbal application; a formal manner of speech; as, when introduced, the president made a short address
2. A written or formal application; a message of respect, congratulation, thanks, petition, etc.; as, an address of thanks; an officer is removable upon the address of both houses of assembly.
3. Manner of speaking to another; as, a man of pleasing address
4. Courtship; more generally in the plural, addresses; as, he makes or pays his addresses to a lady.
5. Skill; dexterity; skillful management; as, the envoy conducted the negotiation with address
6. Direction of a letter, including the name, title, and place of residence of the person for whom it is intended. hence these particulars are denominated, a man's address
ADDRESS'ED, participle passive Spoken or applied to; directed; courted; consigned.
ADDRESS'ER, noun One who addresses or petitions.
ADDRESS'ING, participle present tense Speaking or applying to, directing; courting; consigning.
ADDU'CE, verb transitive [Latin adduco, to lead or bring to; ad and duco, to lead. See Duke.]
1. To bring forward, present or offer; as, a witness was adduced to prove the fact.
2. To cite, name or introduce; as, to adduce an authority or an argument.
ADDU'CED, participle passive Brought forward; cited; alledged in argument.
ADDU'CENT, adjective Bringing forward, or together; a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part towards another. [See adductor.]
ADDU'CIBLE, adjective That may be adduced.
ADDU'CING, participle present tense Bringing forward; citing in argument.
ADDUC'TION noun The act of bringing forward.
ADDUC'TIVE, adjective That brings forward.
ADDUC'TOR, noun [Latin]
A muscle which draws one part of the body towards another; as the adductor oculi, which turns the eye towards the nose; the adductor pollicis manus, which draws the thumb towards the fingers.
ADDULCE, verb transitive adduls'. [Latin ad and dulcis, sweet.]
To sweeten. [Not used.]
AD'EB, noun An Egyptian weight of 210 okes, each of three rotolos, which is a weight of about two drams less than the English pound. But at Rosetta, the adeb is only 150 okes.
ATHEL, ADEL or AETHEL, nobel of illustrious birth.
ADELANTA'DO, noun A governor of a province; a lieutenant governor.
AD'ELING, noun a title of honor given by our Saxon ancestors to the children of princes, and to young nobles. It is composed of adel, or rather athel, the Teutonic term for noble, illustrious, and ling, young posterity.
AD'ELITE, noun adelites or Almogenens, in Spain, were conjurers, who predicted the fortunes of individuals by the flight and singing of birds, and other accidental circumstances.
ADEMP'TION, noun [Latin adimo, to take away; of ad and emo, to take.]
In the civil law, the revocation of a grant, donation, or the like.
ADENOG'RAPHY, noun [Gr. a gland, and to describe.]
That part of anatomy which treats of the glands.
AD'ENOID, adjective [Gr. a gland, and form.]
In the form of a gland; glandiform; glandulous; applied to the prostate glands.
ADENOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the doctrine of the glands.
ADENOL'OGY, noun [Gr. a gland, and discourse.]
In anatomy, the doctrine of the glands, their nature, and their uses.
AD'ENOS, noun a species of cotton, from Aleppo, called also marine cotton.
ADEPT', noun [Latin adeptus, obtained, from adipiscor.]
One fully skilled or well versed in any art. The term is borrowed from the Alchimists, who applied it to one who pretended to have found the philosopher's stone, or the panacea.
ADEPT', adjective Well skilled; completely versed or acquainted with.
ADEP'TION, noun [Latin adeptio.]
An obtaining; acquirement. obsolete
AD'EQUACY, noun [Latin adaequatus, of ad and aquatus, made equal.
The state or quality of being equal to, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a particular purpose; as, 'the adequacy of supply to the expenditure.'
AD'EQUATE, adjective Equal; proportionate; correspondent to; fully sufficient; as, means adequate to the object; we have no adequate ideas of infinite power.
Adequate ideas, are such as exactly represent their object.
AD'EQUATE, verb transitive To resemble exactly. [Not used.]
AD'EQUATELY, adverb In an adequate manner; in exact proportion; with just correspondence, representation, or proportion; in a degree equal to the object.
AD'EQUATENESS, noun The state of being adequate; justness of proportion or representation; sufficiency.
ADEQUA'TION, noun Adequateness. [not used.]
ADESSENA'RIANS, noun [Latin adesse, to be present.]
In church history, a sect who hold the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not by transubstantiation. They differ however as to this presence; some holding the body of Christ to be in the bread; others, about the bread.
ADFECT'ED, adjective In algebra, compounded; consisting of different powers of the unknown quantity.
ADFIL'IATED, adjective Adopted as a son. [See Affiliate.]
ADFILIA'TION, noun [Latin ad and filius, a son.]
A Gothic custom, by which the children of a former marriage, are put upon the same footing with those of a succeeding one; still retained in some parts of Germany.
ADHE'RE, verb intransitive [Latin adhaereo, ad and haereo, to stick.]
1. To stick to, as glutinous substances, or by natural growth; as, the lungs sometimes adhere to the pleura.
2. To be joined, or held in contact; to cleave to.
3. Figuratively, to hold to, be attached, or remain fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; as, men adhere to a party, a leader, a church, or creed.
4. To be consistent; to hold together as the parts of a system.
Every thing adheres together.
ADHE'RENCE, noun
1. The quality or state of sticking or adhering.
2. Figuratively, a being fixed in attachment; fidelity; steady attachment; as, an adherence to a party or opinions.
ADHE'RENCY, noun The same as adherence. In the sense of that which adhers, not legitimate.
ADHE'RENT, adjective Sticking, uniting, as glue or wax; united with, as an adherent mode in Locke, that is, a mode accidentally joined with an object, as wetness in a cloth.
ADHE'RENT, noun The person who adheres; one who follows a leader, party or profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular faith or church.
In the sense of appendage. obsolete
ADHE'RENTLY, adverb In an adherent manner.
ADHE'RER, noun One that adheres; an adherent.
ADHE'SION, noun adhe'shun. [Latin adhasio.]
1. The act or state of sticking, or being united and attached to; as the adhesion of glue, or of parts united by growth, cement, and the like. adhesion is generally used in a literal; adherence, in a metaphorical sense.
2. Sometimes figuratively, adherence, union or steady attachment; firmness in opinion; as, an adhesion to vice: but in this sense nearly obsolete. The union of bodies by attraction is usually denominated cohesion.
ADHE'SIVE, adjective Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances; apt or tending to adhere. Thus gums are adhesive
ADHE'SIVELY, adverb In an adhesive manner.
ADHE'SIVENESS, noun The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity.
ADHIB'IT, verb transitive [Latin adhibeo, ad and habeo, to have.]
To use, or apply. [Rarely used.]
ADHIBI'TION, noun Application; use.
AD'HIL, noun A star of the sixth magnitude, upon the garment of Andromeda, under the last star in her foot.
ADHORTA'TION, noun [Latin adhortatio.]
Advice. [Seldom used.]
ADHORT'ATORY, adjective [Latin adhortor, to advise, ad and hortor.]
Advisory; containing counsel or warning.
ADIAPH'ORISTS, noun [Gr. indifferent.]
Moderate Lutherans; a name given in the sixteenth century, to certain men that followed Melancthon, who was more pacific than Luther
The adiaphorists held some opinions and ceremonies to be indifferent, which Luther condemned as sinful or heretical.
ADIAPH'OROUS, adjective Indifferent; neutral; a name given by Boyle to a spirit distilled from tartar, and some other vegetable substances, neither acid, nor alkaline, or not possessing the distinct character of any chimical body.
ADIEU', Adu'.
Farewell; an expression of kind wishes at the parting of friends.
ADIEU', noun A farewell, or commendation to the care of God; as an everlasting adieu
ADIPOC'ERATE, verb transitive To convert into adipocere.
ADIPOCERA'TION, noun The act or process of being changed into adipocere.
AD'IPOCERE, noun [Latin adeps, fat, and cera.]
A soft unctuous or waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the muscular fibers of dead animal bodies are converted, when protected from atmospheric air, and under certain circumstances of temperature and humidity. This substance was first discovered by Fourcroy, in the burying ground of the Church des Innocens, when it was removed in 1787. It is speedily produced, when the body is immersed in running water.
AD'IPOSE, adjective [Latin adiposus, from adeps, fat. Heb. fat, gross, AD'IPOUS, stupid.]
Fat. The adipose membrane is the cellular membrane, containing the fat in its cells, and consisting of ductile membranes, connected by a sort of net-work. The adipose vein spreads itself on the coat and fat that covers the kidneys. The adipose ducts are the bags and ducts which contain the fat.
ADIT, noun [Latin aditus, from adeo, aditum, to approach, ad and eo, to go.]
An entrance or passage; a term in mining, used to denote the opening by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are carried away. It is usually made in the side of a hill. The word is sometimes used for aid-shaft, but not with strict propriety.
ADJA'CENCY, noun [Latin adjaceo, to lie contiguous, from ad and jaceo, to lie.]
The state of lying close or contiguous; a bordering upon, or lying next to; as the adjacency of lands or buildings. In the sense of that which is adjacent, as used by Brown, it is not legitimate.
ADJA'CENT, adjective Lying near, close, or contiguous; bordering upon; as, a field adjacent to the highway.
ADJA'CENT, noun That which is next to or contiguous. [Little used.]
ADJECT' verb transitive [Latin adjicio, of ad and jacio, to throw.]
To add or put, as one thing to another.
ADJEC'TION, noun The act of adding, or thing added. [Little used.]
ADJECTI'TIOUS, adjective Added
AD'JECTIVE, noun In grammar, a word used with a noun, to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a thing, as distinct from something else. It is called also an attributive or attribute. Thus, in the phrase, a wise ruler, wise is the adjective or attribute, expressing a particular property of ruler.
AD'JECTIVELY, adverb In the manner of an adjective; as, a word is used adjectively
ADJOIN', verb transitive [Latin adjungo, ad and jungo. See Join.]
To join or unite to; to put to, by placing in contact; to unite, by fastening together with a joint, mortise, or knot. But in these transitive senses, it is rarely used. [See Join.]
ADJOIN', verb intransitive To lie or be next to, or in contact; to be contiguous; as, a farm adjoining to the highway. This is the common use of the word, and to is often omitted; as adjoining the highway.
ADJOIN'ANT, adjective Contiguous to. [Not used.]
ADJOIN'ED, participle passive Joined to; united.
ADJOIN'ING, participle present tense Joining to; adjacent; contiguous.
ADJOURN', verb transitive Adjurn'.
Literally, to put off, or defer to another day; but now used to denote a formal intermission of business, a putting off to any future meeting of the same body, and appropriately used of public bodies or private commissioners, entrusted with business; as, the court adjourned the consideration of the question.
ADJOURN', verb intransitive To suspend business for a time; as, from one day to another, or for a longer period, usually public business, as of legislatures and courts, for repose or refreshment; as, congress adjourned at four o'clock. It is also used for the act of closing the session of a public body; as, the court adjourned without day.
It was moved that parliament should adjourn for six weeks.
ADJOURN'ED, participle passive
1. Put off, delayed, or deferred for a limited time.
2. As an adjective, existing or held by adjournment, as an adjourned session of a court, opposed to stated or regular.
ADJOURN'ING, participle present tense Deferring; suspending for a time; closing a session.
ADJOURN'MENT, noun
1. The act of adjourning; as, in legislatures, the adjournment of one house is not an adjournment of the other.
2. The putting off till another day or time specified, or without day; that is, the closing of a session of a public or official body.
3. The time or interval during which a public body defers business; as, during an adjournment but a suspension of business, between the forming of a house and an adjournment for refreshment, is all a recess. In Great Britain, the close of a session of parliament is called a prorogation; as the close of a parliament is a dissolution. But in Great Britain, as well as in the United States, adjournment is now used for an intermission of business, for any indefinite time; as, an adjournment of parliament for six weeks.
ADJUDGE', verb transitive
To decide, or determine, in the case of a controverted question; to decree by a judicial opinion; used appropriately of courts of law and equity.
The case was adjudged in Hilary term.
The prize was adjudged to the victor; a criminal was adjudged to suffer death.
It has been used in the sense of to judge; as, he adjudged him unworthy of his friendship. But this sense is unusual.
ADJUDG'ED, participle passive Determined by judicial opinion; decreed; sentenced.
ADJUDG'ING, participle present tense Determining by judicial opinion; sentencing.
ADJUDG'MENT, noun The act of judging; sentenced.
ADJU'DICATE, verb transitive [Latin adjudico, to give sentence. See Judge.]
To adjudge; to try and determine, as a court. it has the sense of adjudge.
ADJU'DICATE, verb intransitive To try and determine judicially; as, the court adjudicated upon the case.
ADJU'DICATED, participle passive Adjudged; tried and decided.
ADJU'DICATING, participle present tense Adjudging; trying and determining.
ADJUDICA'TION, noun
1. The act of adjudging; the act or process of trying and determining judicially; as a ship was taken and sent into port for adjudication
2. A judicial sentence; judgment or decision of a court.
Whose families were parties to some of the former adjudications.
3. In Scots law, an action by which a creditor attaches the heritable estate of his debtor, or his debtor's heir, in payment or security of his debt; or an action by which the holder of an heritable right, laboring under a defect in point of form, may supply that defect.
AD'JUMENT, noun [Latin adjumentum.] Help; support. [Not used.]
AD'JUNCT, noun [Latin adjunctus, joined, from adjungo. See Join.]
1. Something added to another, but not essentially a part of it; as, water absorbed by a cloth or spunge is its adjunct Also a person joined to another.
2. In metaphysics, a quality of the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; as color, in the body; thinking, in the mind.
3. In grammar, words added to illustrate or amplify the force of other words; as, the History of the American revolution. The words in Italics are the adjuncts of History.
4. In music, the word is employed to denominate the relation between the principal mode and the modes of its two fifths.
The adjunct deities, among the Romans, were inferior deities which were added as assistants to the principal gods; as Bellona to Mars; to Vulcan, the Cabiri; to the Good Genius, the Lares; to the Evil, the Lemures.
In the royal academy of sciences at Paris, the adjuncts are certain members attached to the study of particular sciences. They are twelve in number, created in 1716.
Adjunct has been used for a colleague, but rarely.
AD'JUNCT, adjective Added to or united with, as an adjunct professor.
ADJUNC'TION, noun The act of joining; the thing joined.
ADJUNC'TIVE, adjective Joining; having the quality of joining.
ADJUNC'TIVE, noun That which is joined.
ADJUNC'TIVELY, adverb In an adjunctive manner.
ADJUNCT'LY, adverb In connection with; consequently.
ADJURA'TION, noun
1.The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse.
2.The form of oath.
ADJU'RE, verb transitive [Latin adjuro, to swear solemnly, or compel one to swear; from ad and juro, to swear.]
1. To charge, bind or command on oath, or under the penalty of a curse.
Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, cursed be the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city of Jericho. Joshua 6:26.
2. To charge earnestly and solemnly, on pain of God's wrath.
I adjure thee by the living God. Matthew 26:63, Acts 19:13.
3. To conjure; to charge, urge or summon with solemnity.
The magistrates adjured by all the bonds of civil duty.
Ye sacred stars, be all of you adjured.
The Commissioners adjured them not to let pass so favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties.
ADJU'RED, participle passive Charged on oath, or with a denunciation of God's wrath; solemnly urged.
ADJU'RER, noun One that adjures; one that exacts an oath.
ADJU'RING, participle present tense Charging on oath or on the penalty of a curse; beseeching with solemnity.
ADJUST', verb transitive [Latin ad, and justus, just, exact. See Just.]
1. To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent, or conformable; as, to adjust a garment to the body, an event to the prediction, or things to a standard.
2. To put in order; to regulate or reduce to system; as to adjust a scheme; to adjust affairs.
3. To make accurate; to settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the result; as to adjust accounts; the differences are adjusted.
ADJUST'ED, participle passive Made exact or conformable; reduced to a right form or standard settled.
ADJUST'ER, noun A person who adjusts; that which regulates.
ADJUST'ING, participle present tense Reducing to due form; fitting; making exact or correspondent; settling.
ADJUST'MENT, noun The act of adjusting; regulation; a reducing to just form or order; a making fit or conformable; settlement.
AD'JUTANCY, noun [See Adjutant.] The office of an adjutant; skillful arrangement.
AD'JUTANT, noun [Latin adjutans, aiding; from adjuto, to assist; of ad and juvo, jutum, to help.]
In military affairs, an officer whose business is to assist the Major by receiving and communicating order. Each battalion of foot, and each regiment of horse has an adjutant who receives orders from the adjutant who receives orders from the Brigade Major, to communicate to the Colonel, and to subalterns. He places guards, receives and distributes ammunition, assigns places of rendezvous, etc.
Adjutant-General, in an army, is the chief adjutant
Adjutants General, among the Jesuits, were a select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order, each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care. Their business was to correspond with that province, by their delegates, emissaries or visitors, and give information of occurrences to the father general.
ADJU'TE, verb transitive To help. [Not used.]
ADJU'TOR, noun A helper. [Little used; its compound coadjutor is in common use.]
ADJU'VANT, adjective Helping; assisting.
'ADKER, noun
1. One who asks; a petitioner; an inquirer.
2. A water newt.
ADLEGA'TION, noun [Latin ad and legatio, an embassy, from lego, to send. See Legate.]
In the public law of the German Empire, a right claimed by the states, of joining their own ministers with those of the Emperor, in public treaties and negotiations, relating to the common interest of the Empire.
ADLOCU'TION, noun [See Allocation.]
ADMEAS'URE, verb transitive admezh'ur. [ad and measure. See Measure.]
1. To measure or ascertain dimensions, size or capacity; used for measure.
2. To apportion; to assign to each claimant has right; as, to admeasure dower or common of pasture.
ADMEAS'URED, participle passive Measured; apportioned.
ADMEAS'UREMENT, noun
1. The measuring of dimensions by a rule, as of a ship, cask, and the like.
2. The measure of a thing, or dimensions ascertained.
In these uses the word is equivalent to measurement, mensuration and measure.
3. The adjustment of proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. This is done by
writ of admeasurement directed to the sheriff.
ADMEAS'URER, noun One that admeasures.
ADMEAS'URING, participle present tense Measuring; apportioning.
ADMENSURA'TION Is equivalent to admeasurement, but not much used. See Mensuration.]
ADMIN'ICLE, noun [Latin adminiculum.] Help; support. [Not used.]
ADMINIC'ULAR, adjective Supplying help; helpful.
ADMIN'ISTER, verb transitive [Latin administro, of ad and ministro, to serve or manage. See Minister.]
1. To act as minister or chief agent, in managing public affairs, under laws or a constitution of government, as a king, president, or other supreme officer. it is used also of absolute monarchs, who rule not in subordination; but is more strictly applicable to limited monarchs and other supreme executive officers, and to governors, vice-roys, judges and the like, who are under the authority of laws. A king or a president administers the government or laws, when he executes them or carries them into effect. A judge administers the laws, when he applies them to particular cases or persons. In short, to administer is to direct the execution or application of laws.
2. To dispense, as to administer justice or the sacrament.
3. To afford, give or furnish; as, to administer relief, that is, to act as the agent. To administer medicine is to direct and cause it to be taken.
4. To give, as an oath; to cause to swear according to law.
ADMIN'ISTER, verb intransitive
1. To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to add something; as, a shade administers to our comfort.
2. To perform the office of administrator; as, A administers upon the estate of B.
ADMIN'ISTERED, participle passive Executed; managed; governed; afforded; given; dispensed.
ADMINISTE'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of government.
ADMIN'ISTERING, participle present tense Executing; carrying into effect; giving; dispensing.
ADMIN'ISTRATE, In the place of administer, has been used, but is not well authorized.
ADMINISTRA'TION, noun
1. The act of administering; direction; management; government of public affairs; the conducting of any office or employment.
2. The executive part of government, consisting in the exercise of the constitutional and legal powers, the general superintendence of national affairs, and the enforcement of laws.
3. The persons collectively, who are entrusted with the execution of laws, and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his council; or the council alone, as in Great Britain.
4. dispensation; distribution; exhibition; as the administration of justice, of the sacrament, or of grace.
1 Corinthians 12:5. 2 Corinthians 9:12.
5. the management of the estate of an intestate person, under a commission from the proper authority. This management consists in collecting debts, paying debts and legacies, and distributing the property among the heirs.
6. The power, office or commission of an administrator.
Surrogates are authorized to grant administration
It is more usual to say, letters of administration
7. This name is given by the Spaniards, to the staple magazine or warehouse, at Callao, in Peru, where foreign ships must unload.
ADMIN'ISTRATIVE, adjective That administers, or by which one administers.
ADMINISTRA'TOR, noun
1. a man who, by virtue of a commission from the Ordinary, Surrogate, Court of Probate, or other proper authority, has the charge of the goods and estate of one dying without a will.
2. One who administers, or who directs, manages, distributes, or dispenses laws and rites, either in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs.
3. In Scots law, a tutor, curator or guardian, having the care of one who is incapable of acting for himself. The term is usually applied to a father who has power over his children and their estate, during their minority.
ADMINISTRA'TORSHIP, noun The office of an administrator.
ADMINISTRA'TRIX, noun A female who administers upon the estate of an intestate; also a female who administers government.
AD'MIRABLE, adjective [Latin admirabilis.]
To be admired; worthy of admiration; having qualities to excite wonder, with approbation, esteem or reverence; used of persons or things; as, the admirable structure of the body, or of the universe.
AD'MIRABLENESS, noun The quality of being admirable; the power of exciting admiration.
AD'MIRABLY, adverb In a manner to excite wonder, mingled with approbation, esteem or veneration.
AD'MIRAL, noun [In the Latin of the middle ages. Amira, Amiras, Admiralis, an Emir; Heb. to speak. The terminating syllable of admiral may be from the sea. This word is said to have been introduced in Europe by the Turks, Genoese or Venetains, in the 12th or 13th century.]
A marine commander in chief; the commander of a fleet or navy.
1. The Lord High admiral in Great Britain, is an officer who superintends all maritime affairs, and has the government of the navy. He has also jurisdiction over all maritime causes, and commissions the naval officers.
2. The admiral of the fleet, the highest officer under the admiralty. When he embarks on an expedition, the union flag is displayed at the main top gallant mast head.
3. The Vice admiral an officer next in rank and command to the admiral has command of the second squadron. He carries his flag at the fore top gallant mast head. This name is given also to certain officers who have power to hold courts of vice-admiralty, in various parts of the British dominions.
4. The Rear admiral next in rank to the Vice admiral has command of the third squadron, and carries his flag at the mizen top gallant mast head.
5. The commander of any single fleet, or in general any flag officer.
6. The ship which carries the admiral; also the most considerable ship of a fleet of merchantmen, or of fishing vessels.
7. In zoology, a species of shell-fish. [See Voluta.]
8. Also a butterfly, which lays her eggs on the great stinging nettle, and delights in brambles.
AD'MIRALSHIP, noun The office or power of an admiral. [Little used.]
AD'MIRALTY, noun In Great Britain, the office of Lord High Admiral. This office is discharged by one person, or by Commissioners, called Lords of the Admiralty; usually seven in number.
The admiralty court, or court of admiralty is the supreme court for the trial of maritime causes, held before the Lord High Admiral, or Lords of the admiralty
In general, a court of admiralty is a court for the trial of causes arising on the high seas, as prize causes and the like. In the United States, there is no admiralty court, distinct from others; but the district courts, established in the several states by Congress, are invested with admiralty powers.
ADMIRA'TION, noun Wonder mingled with pleasing emotions, as approbation, esteem, love or veneration; a compound emotion excited by something novel, rare, great, or excellent; applied to persons and their works. It often includes a slight degree of surprise. Thus, we view the solar system with admiration
Very near to admiration is the wish to admire.
It has been sometimes used in an ill sense, denoting wonder with disapprobation.
Your boldness I with admiration see. [Dryden]
When I saw her I wondered with great admiration Revelation 17:6.
ADMI'RATIVE, noun A note of admiration, thus! [Not used.]
ADMI'RE, verb transitive [Latin admiror, ad and miror, to wonder; demiror. See Moor and Mar.]
1. To regard with wonder or surprise, mingled with approbation, esteem, reverence or affection.
When he shall come to be glorified in his saints and be admired in all them that love him. 2 Thessalonians 1:10.
This word has been used in an ill sense, but seems now correctly restricted to the sense here given, and implying something great, rare or excellent, in the object admired.
2. To regard with affection; a familiar term for to love greatly.
ADMI'RE, verb intransitive To wonder; to be affected with slight surprise; sometimes with at; as, to admire at his own contrivance.
To admire at sometimes implies disapprobation.
ADMI'RED, participle passive Regarded with wonder, mingled with pleasurable sensations, as esteem, love or reverence.
ADMI'RER, noun One who admires; one who esteems or loves greatly.
ADMI'RING, participle present tense Regarding with wonder united with love or esteem.
ADMI'RINGLY, adverb With admiration; in the manner of an admirer.
ADMISSIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being admissable.
ADMISS'IBLE, adjective [See admit.] That may be admitted, allowed or conceded; as, the testimony is admissible
ADMISS'ION, noun [Latin admissio.]
1. The act or practice of admitting, as the admission of aliens into our country; also, the state of being admitted.
2. Admittancep power or permission to enter; entrance; access; power to approach; as, our laws give to foreigners easy admission to the rights of citizens; the admission of a clerk to a benefice.
3. Allowance; grant of an argument or position not fully proved.
ADMIT', verb transitive [Latin admitto, from ad and mitto, to send.]
1. To suffer to enter; to grant entrance; whether into a place, or an office, or into the mind, or consideration; as to admit a student into college; to admit a serious thought into the mind.
2. To give right of entrance; as, a ticket admits one into a play house.
3. To allow; to receive as true; as, the argument or fact is admitted.
4. To permit, grant or allow, or to be capable of; as, the words do not admit of such a construction. In this sense, of may be used after the verb, or omitted.
ADMIT'TABLE, adjective That may be admitted or allowed.
ADMIT'TANCE, noun
1. The act of admitting; allowance. More usually,
2. Permission to enter; the power or right of entrance; and hence, actual entrance; as, he gained admittance into the church.
3. Concession; admission; allowance; as the admittance of an argument. [Not used.]
4. Shakespeare uses the word for the custom or prerogative of being admitted; 'Sir John, you are a gentleman of excellent breeding, of great admittance': but the license is unwarrantable.
ADMIT'TED, participle passive Permitted to enter or approach; allowed; granted; conceded.
ADMIT'TER, noun He that admits.
ADMIT'TING, participle present tense Permitting to enter or approach; allowing; conceding.
ADMIX', verb transitive To mingle with something else. [See Mix.]
ADMIX'TION, noun admixchun, [Latin admixtio, or admistio; of ad and misceo, to mix. See Mix.]
A mingling of bodies; a union by mixing different substances together. It differs from composition or chimical combination; for admixtion does not alter the nature of the substances mixed, but merely blends them together; whereas in composition, the particles unite by affinity, lose their former properties, and form new compounds, with different properties.
ADMIX'TURE, noun [From admix.]
The substance mingled with another; sometimes the act of mixture. We say, an admixture of sulphur with alum, or the admixture of different bodies.
ADMON'ISH, verb transitive [Latin admoneo, ad and moneo, to teach, warn, admonish ]
1. To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove with mildness.
Count him not as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother. 2 Thessalonians 3:15.
2. To counsel against wrong practices; to caution or advise.
Admonish one another in psalms and hymns. Colossians 3:16.
3. To instruct or direct.
Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to make the tabernacle. Hebrews 8:5.
4. In ecclesiastical affairs, to reprove a member of the church for a fault, either publicly or privately; the first step of church discipline. It is followed by of, or against; as, to admonish of a fault committed, or against committing a fault. It has a like use in colleges.
ADMON'ISHED, participle passive Reproved; advised; warned; instructed.
ADMON'ISHER, noun One who reproves or counsels.
ADMON'ISHING, participle present tense Reproving; warning; counseling; directing.
ADMON'ISHMENT, noun Admonition.
ADMONI'TION, noun Gentle reproof; counseling against a fault; instruction in duties; caution; direction. Titus 3:10. 1 Corinthians 10:11. In church discipline, public or private reproof to reclaim an offender; a step preliminary to excommunication.
ADMONI'TIONER, noun A dispenser of admonitions.
ADMON'ITIVE, adjective Containing admonition.
ADMON'ITOR, noun An admonisher, a monitor.
ADMON'ITORY, adjective Containing admonition; that admonishes.
ADMORTIZA'TION, noun The reducing of lands or tenements to mortmain. [See Mortmain.]
ADMOVE', verb transitive [Latin admoveo.]
To move to; to bring one thing to another. [Little used.]
ADNAS'CENT, adjective [Latin ad and nascens, growing.]
ADNA'TA, noun [Latin ad and natus, grown from nascor, to grow.]
1. In anatomy, one of the coats of the eye, which is also called albuginea, and is sometimes confounded with the conjunctive. It lies between the sclerotica, and conjunctiva.
2. Such parts of animal or vegetable bodies, as are usual and natural, as the hair, wool, horns; or accidental, as fungus, mistletoe, and excrescences.
3. Offsets of plants, germinating under ground as from the lily, narcissus, and hyacinth.
AD'NATE, adjective [Latin ad and natus, grown.]
In botany, pressing close to the stem, or growing to it.
AD'NOUN, noun [ad and noun.]
In grammar, an adjective, or attribute. [Little used.]
ADO', noun
Bustle; trouble; labor; difficulty; as, to make a great ado about trifles; to persuade one with much ado
ADOLES'CENCE, noun [Latin adolescens, growing, of ad and olesco, to grow, from oleo. Heb. to ascend.]
The state of growing, applied to the young of the human race; youth, or the period of life between childhood and manhood.
ADOLES'CENT, adjective Growing; advancing from childhood to manhood.
ADONE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Adonis.
Fair adonean Venus.
ADO'NIA, noun Festivals celebrated anciently in honor of Adonis, by females, who spent two days in lamentations and infamous pleasures.
ADO'NIC, adjective adonic Verse, a short verse, in which the death of Adonis was bewailed. It consists of a dactyl and spondee or trochee.
ADO'NIC, noun An adonic verse.
ADO'NIS, noun In mythology, the favorite of Venus, said to be the son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus. He was fond of hunting, and received a mortal wound from the tusk of a wild boar. Venus lamented his death, and changed him into the flower, anemony.
ADO'NIS, in botany, bird's eye or pheasant's eye.
ADO'NISTS, noun [Heb. Lord, a scriptural title of the Supreme Being.]
Among critics, a sect or party who maintain that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the consonants of the word Jehovah, are not the natural points belonging to that word, and that they do not express the true pronunciation of it; but that they are vowel points belonging to the words, Adonai and Elohim, applied to the ineffable name Jehovah, which the Jews were forbid to utter, and the true pronunciation of which was lost; they were therefore always to pronounce the word Adonai, instead of Jehovah.
ADOPT', verb transitive [Latin adopto, of ad and opto, to desire or choose. See Option.]
1. To take a stranger into one's family, as son and heir; to take one who is not a child, and treat him as one, giving him a title to the privileges and rights of a child.
2. In a spiritual sense, to receive the sinful children of men into the invisible church, and into God's favor and protection, by which they become heirs of salvation by Christ.
3. To take or receive as one's own, that which is not naturally so; as, to adopt the opinions of another; or to receive that which is new; as, to adopt a particular mode of husbandry.
4. To select and take; as, which mode will you adopt?
ADOPT'ED, participle passive Taken as one's own; received as son and heir; selected for use.
ADOPT'EDLY, adverb In the manner of something adopted.
ADOPT'ER, noun
1. One who adopts.
2. In chimistry, a large round receiver, with two necks, diametrically opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, or to increase the length of the neck of a retort.
ADOPT'ING, participle present tense Taking a stranger as a son; taking as one's own.
ADOP'TION, noun [Latin adoptio.]
1. The act of adopting, or the state of being adopted; the taking and treating of a stranger as one's own child.
2. The receiving as one's own, what is new or not natural.
3. God's taking the sinful children of men into his favor and protection.
Adoption of arms, an ancient ceremony of presenting arms to one for his merit or valor, which laid the person under an obligation to defend the giver.
Adoption by baptism is the spiritual affinity which is contracted by god-fathers and god-children, in the ceremony of baptism. It was introduced into the Greek church, and afterwards among the ancient Franks. This affinity was supposed to entitle the god-child to a share of the god-father's estate.
Adoption by hair was performed by cutting off the hair of a person and giving it to the adoptive father. Thus Pope John VIII adopted Boson, king of Arles.
Adoption by matrimony is the taking the children of a wife or husband, by a former marriage, into the condition of natural children. This is a practice peculiar to the Germans; but is not so properly adoption as adfiliation.
Adoption by testament is the appointing of a person to be heir, by will, or condition of his taking the name, arms, etc. of the adopter.
In Europe, adoption is used for many kinds of admission to a more intimate relation, and is nearly equivalent to reception; as, the admission of persons into hospitals, or monasteries, or of one society into another.
ADOPT'IVE, adjective [Latin adoptivus.]
That adopts, as an adoptive father; or that is adopted, as an adoptive son.
ADOPT'IVE, noun A person or thing adopted.
ADO'RABLE, adjective That ought to be adored; worth of divine honors. In popular use, worthy of the utmost love or respect.
ADO'RABLENESS, noun The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration.
ADO'RABLY, adverb In a manner worthy of adoration.
ADORA'TION, noun
1. The act of paying honors to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a God.
Adoration consists in external homage, accompanied with the highest reverence. It is used for the act of praying, or preferring requests or thanksgiving, to the Supreme Being.
2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound reverence.
Adoration, among the Jews, as performed by bowing, kneeling and prostration. Among the Romans, the devotee, with his head uncovered, applied his right hand to his lips, bowing and turning himself from left to right. The Persians fell on the face, striking the forehead against the earth, and kissing the ground. The adoration paid to the Grecian and Roman emperors, consisted in bowing and kneeling at the feet of the prince, laying hold of his robe, then withdrawing the hand and clapping it to the lips. In modern times, adoration is paid to the pope by kissing his feet, and to princes, by kneeling and kissing the hand. This word was used by the Romans for acclamation or great applause, given to public performer; and the election of a pope is sometimes by adoration that is, by sudden acclamation without scrutiny.
ADO'RE, verb transitive [Latin adoro. In Heb. to honor, reverence or glorify to adorn; to be magnificent or glorious, to magnify, to glorify. This word is usually referred to the Latin ad orare, to carry to one's mouth; ad and os, oris; as, in order to kiss one's hand, the hand is carried to one's mouth. See Calmet, ad verbum, who cites, in confirmation of this opinion, the ancient practice of kissing the hand. See Job 31:27. 1 Kings 19:18. Psalms 2:12. Genesis 45:15 . Ainsworth supposes the word to be a compound of ad and oro, to pray; and if the word is compound, as I suspect, this opinion is most probably correct.]
1. To worship with profound reverence; to address with exalted thoughts, by prayer and thanksgiving; to pay divine honors to; to honor as a god or as divine.
2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem, affection and respect; as, the people adore their prince.
ADO'RED, participle passive Worshipped as divine; highly reverenced; greatly beloved.
ADO'RER, noun One who worships, or honors as divine; in popular language, an admiring lover.
ADO'RING, participle present tense or adjective Honoring or addressing as divine; regarding with great love or reverence.
ADORN', verb transitive [Latin adorno, ad and orno, to deck, or beautify, to dress, set off, extol, furnish.
1. To deck or decorate; to make beautiful; to add to beauty by dress; to deck with external ornaments.
A bride adorneth, herself with jewels. Isaiah 61:10.
To set off to advantage; to add ornaments to; to embellish by any thing external or adventitious; as, to adorn a speech by appropriate action, sentiments with elegance of language, or a gallery with pictures.
3. To make pleasing, or more pleasing; as, great abilities adorned by virtue or affability.
4. To display the beauty or excellence of; as, to adorn the doctrine of God. Titus 2:10.
ADORN', noun Ornament. obsolete
ADORN', adjective Adorned; decorated. obsolete
ADORN'ED, participle passive Decked; decorated; embellished.
ADORN'ING, participle present tense Ornamenting; decorating; displaying beauty.
ADORN'ING, noun Ornament; decoration. 1 Peter 3:3.
ADOSCULA'TION, noun [Latin ad and osculatio, a kissing, from osculum, a kiss, or mouth.]
The impregnation of plants by the falling of the farina on the pistils.
Adosculation is also defined to be the inserting of one part of a plant into another.
ADOS'SED, adjective
In heraldry, denoting two figures or bearings place back to back.
ADOWN', preposition [a and down.] From a higher to a lower situation; downwards; implying descent.
ADOWN', adverb Down; on the ground; at the bottom.
ADREAD', adjective Adred'. [See Dread.] Affected by dread. obsolete
ADRIAT'IC, adjective [Latin Aldria, or Hadria, the gulf of Venice.]
Pertaining to the Gulf, called, from Venice, the Venetian Gulf.
ADRIAT'IC, noun The Venetian Gulf; a Gulf that washes the eastern side of Italy.
ADRIFT', adjective or adverb [See Drive. adrift is the participle of the verb.]
Literally, driven; floating; floating at random; impelled or moving without direction. As an adjective, it always follows its noun; as, the boat was adrift
ADROGA'TION, noun [Latin ad and rogo, to ask. See Interrogate and Rogation.]
A species of adoption in ancient Rome, by which a person, capable of choosing for himself, was admitted into the relation of a son. So called from the questions put to the parties.
ADROIT', [Latin directus, dirigo. See Right.]
Dextrous; skillful; active in the use of the hands, and figuratively, in the exercise of the mental faculties; ingenious; ready in invention or execution.
ADROIT'LY, adverb With dexterity; in a ready skillful manner.
ADROIT'NESS, noun Dexterity; readiness in the use of the limbs, or of the mental faculties.
ADRY', adjective
Thirsty, in want of drink. [This adjective always follows the noun.]
ADSCITI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin ascititius, from adscisco, ascisco, to add or join.]
Added; taken as supplemental; additional; not requisite.
ADSCITI'TIOUS, noun [Latin adstrictio, astrictio, of ad and stringo, to strain or bind fast. See Strict.]
A binding fast. Among physicians, the rigidity of a part of the body, occasioning a retention of usual evacuations; costiveness; a closeness of the emunctories; also the styptic effects of medicines.
ADSTRIC'TORY, ADSTRING'ENT. [See Astringent.]
ADSTRIC'TORY, ADSTRING'ENT. [See Astringent.]
ADULA'RIA, noun [From Adula, the summit of a Swiss mountain.]
A mineral deemed the most perfect variety of felspar; its color white, or with a tinge of green, yellow, or red.
ADULA'TION, noun [Latin adulatio.]
Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited; high compliment.
AD'ULATOR, noun A flatterer; one who offers praise servilely.
AD'ULATORY, adjective Flattering; containing excessive praise or compliments; servilely praising; as, an adulatory address.
AD'ULATRESS, noun A female that flatters with servility.
ADULT', noun [Latin adultus, grown to maturity, from oleo, to grow; Heb. to ascend.]
Having arrived at mature years, or to full size and strength; as an adult person or plant.
ADULT', noun A person grown to full size and strength, or to the years of manhood. It is also applied to full grown plants. among civilians, a person between fourteen and twenty-five years of age.
ADUL'TERANT, noun The person or thing that adulterates.
ADUL'TERATE, verb transitive [Latin adultero, from adulter, mixed, or an adulterer; ad and alter, other.]
To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of baser materials; as, to adulterate liquors, or the coin of a country.
ADUL'TERATE, verb intransitive To commit adultery. obsolete
ADUL'TERATE, adjective Tainted with adultery; debased by foreign mixture.
ADUL'TERATED, participle passive Corrupted; debased by a mixture with something of less value.
ADUL'TERATENESS, noun The quality or state of being debased or counterfeit.
ADUL'TERATING, participle present tense Debasing; corrupting; counterfeiting.
ADULTERA'TION, noun The act of adulterating, or the state of being adulterated, corrupted or debased by foreign mixture.
The adulteration of liquors, of drugs, and even of bread and beer, is common, but a scandalous crime.
ADUL'TERER, noun [Latin adulter.]
1. A man guilty of adultery; a man who has sexual commerce with any married woman, except his wife. [See Adultery.]
2. In scripture, an idolator. Ezekiel 23:37.
3. An apostate from the true faith, or one who violates his covenant engagements; a very wicked person. Jeremiah 9:2 and 23.
4. One devoted to earthly things. James 4:4.
ADUL'TERESS, noun A married woman guilty of incontinence.
ADUL'TERINE, adjective Proceeding from adulterous commerce; spurious.
ADUL'TERINE, noun In the civil law, a child issuing from an adulterous connection.
ADUL'TEROUS, adjective
1. Guilty of adultery; pertaining to adultery.
2. In scripture, idolatrous, very wicked. Matthew 12:39 and 16. Mark 8:38.
ADUL'TERY, noun [Latin adulterium. See Adulterate.]
1. Violation of the marriage bed; a crime, or a civil injury, which introduces, or may introduce, into a family, a spurious offspring.
By the laws of Connecticut, the sexual intercourse of any man, with a married woman, is the crime of adultery in both:such intercourse of a married man, with an unmarried woman, is fornication in both, and adultery of the man, within the meaning of the law respecting divorce; but not a felonious adultery in either, or the crime of adultery at common law, or by statute. This latter offense is, in England, proceeded with only in the ecclesiastical courts.
In common usage, adultery means the unfaithfulness of any married person to the marriage bed. In England, Parliament grant absolute divorces for infidelity to the marriage bed in either party; and the spiritual courts divorce a mensa et thoro.
2. In a scriptural sense, all manner of lewdness or unchastity, as in the seventh commandment.
3. In scripture, idolatry, or apostasy from the true God. Jeremiah 3:8.
4. In old laws, the fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery
5. In ecclesiastical affairs, the intrusion of a person into a bishopric, during the life of the bishop.
6. Among ancient naturalists, the grafting of trees was called adultery being considered as an unnatural union.
ADULT'NESS, noun The state of being adult.
ADUM'BRANT, adjective [See Adumbrate.] Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance.
ADUM'BRATE, verb transitive [Latin adumbro, to shade, from umbra, a shade.]
To give a faint shadow, or slight likeness; to exhibit a faint resemblance, like a shadow.
ADUMBRA'TION, noun
1. The act of making a shadow or faint resemblance.
2. A faint sketch; an imperfect representation of a thing.
3. In heraldry, the shadow only of a figure, outlined, and painted of a color darker than the field.
ADUNA'TION, noun [Latin ad and unus, unio, .]
The state of being united; union. [Not used.]
ADUN'CITY, noun [Latin aduncitas, hookedness, of ad and uncus, a hook.]
Hookedness; a bending in form of a hook.
ADUN'COUS, adjective [Latin aduncus.]
Hooked; bent or made in the form of a hook.
ADUNQUE, adjective Adunk'. Hooked. [Not used.]
ADU'RE, verb transitive [Latin aduro, ad and uro, to burn.]
To burn up. [Not used.]
ADUST', adjective [Latin adustus, burnt, the participle of aduro, to burn.]
Burnt; scorched; become dry by heat; hot and fiery.
ADUST'ED, adjective Become hot and dry; burnt; scorched.
ADUS'TION, noun The act of burning, scorching, or heating to dryness; a state of being thus heated or dried.
ADV'ANCE, verb transitive adv'ans. [Heb. surface, face; whence.]
1. To bring forward; to move further in front. Hence,
2. To promote; to raise to a higher rank; as, to advance one from the bar to the bench.
3. To improve or make better, which is considered as a progression or moving forward; as, to advance one's true interests.
4. To forward; to accelerate growth; as, to advance the growth of plants.
5. To offer or propose; to bring to view or notice; as, to advance an opinion or an argument.
6. In commerce, to supply beforehand; to furnish on credit, or before goods are delivered, or work done; or to furnish as a part of a stock or fund; as, to advance money on loan or contract, or towards a purchase or establishment.
7. To furnish for others; to supply or pay for others, in expectation of reimbursement.
They advanced the money out of their own funds, and took the sheriff's deeds in their own name.
8. To raise; to enhance; as, to advance the price of goods.
ADV'ANCE, verb intransitive
1. To move or go forward; to proceed; as, the troops advanced.
2. To improve, or make progress; to grow better, greater, wiser or older; as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in wisdom, or in years.
3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred, or promoted; as, to advance in political standing.
ADV'ANCE, noun
1. A moving forward, or towards the front.
2. Gradual progression; improvement; as, an advance in religion or knowledge.
3. Advancement; promotion; preferment; as, an advance in rank or office.
4. First hint by way of invitation; first step towards an agreement; as, A made an advance towards a reconciliation with B. In this sense, it is very frequently used in the plural.
The amours of an empress require the plainest advances.
5. In trade, additional price; profit; as, an advance on the prime cost of goods.
6. A giving beforehand; a furnishing of something, on contract, before an equivalent is received, as money or goods, towards a capital or stock, or on loan; or the money or goods thus furnished; as, A made large advances to B.
7. A furnishing of money or goods for others, in expectation of reimbursement; or the property so furnished.
I shall, with great pleasure, make the necessary advances.
The account was made up with intent to show what advances had been made.
In advance in front; before; also beforehand; before an equivalent is received, or when one partner in trade has furnished more than his proportion; as, A is in advance to B a thousand dollars or pounds.
ADV'ANCED, participle passive Moved forward; promoted; improved; furnished beforehand; situated in front, or before the rest; also old, having reached the decline of life; as, advanced in years; an advanced age.
ADV'ANCEMENT, noun
1. The act of moving forward or proceeding.
2. The state of being advanced; preferment; promotion, in rank or excellence; the act of promoting.
3. Settlement on a wife, or jointure.
4. Provision made by a parent for a child, by gift of property, during his, the parent's life, to which the child would be entitled as heir, after his parent's death.
ADV'ANCER, noun One who advances; a promoter.
Among sportsmen, a start or branch of a buck's attire, between the back antler and the palm.
ADV'ANCING, participle present tense Moving forward; proceeding; promoting; raising to higher rank or excellence; improving; supplying beforehand, as on loan, or as stock in trade.
ADV'ANCIVE, adjective Tending to advance, or promote.
ADV'ANTAGE, noun
1. Any state, condition, or circumstance, favorable to success, prosperity, interest, or reputation.
The enemy had the advantage of elevated ground.
2. Benefit; gain; profit.
What advantage will it be to thee? Job 35:3.
There exists, in the economy and course of nature, an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage
3. Means to an end; opportunity; convenience for obtaining benefit; as, student enjoy great advantages for improvement.
The General took advantage of his enemy's negligence.
4. Favorable state or circumstances; as, jewels set to advantage
5. Superiority, or prevalence over; with of or over.
Lest Satan should get an advantage of us, (or over us.) 2 Corinthians 2:11.
6. Superiority, or that which gives it; as, the advantage of a good constitution.
7. Interest; increase; overplus.
And with advantage means to pay thy love. obsolete
8. Additional circumstance to give preponderation.
ADV'ANTAGE, verb transitive
1. To benefit; as to yield profit or gain.
What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away? Luke 9:25.
2. To promote; to advance the interest of.
ADV'ANTAGEABLE, adjective Profitable; convenient; gainful. [Little used.]
ADV'ANTAGED, participle passive Benefitted; promoted.
ADVANTA'GEOUS, adjective Being of advantage; furnishing convenience, or opportunity to gain benefit; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; as, an advantageous position of the troops; trade is advantageous to a nation.
ADVANTA'GEOUSLY, adverb In an advantageous manner; profitably; usefully; conveniently.
ADVANTA'GEOUSNESS, noun The quality or state of being advantageous; profitableness; usefulness; convenience.
ADV'ANTAGING, participle present tense Profiting; benefiting.
ADVE'NE, verb intransitive [Latin advenio, to come to, ad and venio.]
To accede, or come to; to be added to, or become a part of, though not essential. [Little used.]
ADVE'NIENT, adjective Advening; coming from outward causes.
AD'VENT, noun [Latin adventus, from advenio, of ad and venio, to come. See Find.]
A coming; appropriately the coming of our Savior, and in the calendar, it includes four sabbaths before Christmas, beginning of St. Andrew's Day, or on the sabbath next before or after it. It is intended as a season of devotion, with reference to the coming of Christ in the flesh, and his second coming to judge the world.
ADVENT'INE, adjective Adventitious. [Not used.]
ADVENTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin adventitius, from advenio. See Advent.]
Added extrinsically; accidental; not essentially inherent; casual; foreign.
Diseases of continuance get an adventitious strength from custom.
ADVENTI'TIOUSLY, adverb Accidentally.
ADVENT'IVE, adjective Accidental; adventitious. [Little used.]
ADVENT'IVE, noun The thing or person that comes from without. [Little used.]
ADVENT'UAL, adjective Relating to the season of advent.
ADVENT'URE, noun [See Advent.]
1. Hazard; risk; chance; that of which one has no direction; as, at all adventures, that is, at all hazards. [See Venture.]
2. An enterprize of hazard; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events.
3. That which is put to hazard; a sense in popular use with seamen, and usually pronounced venture. Something which a seaman is permitted to carry abroad, with a view to sell for profit.
A bill of adventure is a writing signed by a person, who takes goods on board of his ship, wholly at the risk of the owner.
ADVENT'URE, verb transitive To risk, or hazard; to put in the power of unforeseen events; as, to adventure one's life. [See Venture.]
ADVENTURE, verb intransitive To dare; to try the chance; as, to adventure on 'the tempestuous sea of liberty.'
ADVENT'URED, participle passive Put to hazard; ventured; risked.
ADVENT'URER, noun
1. One who hazards, or puts something at risk, as merchant-adventurers.
2. One who seeks occasions of chance, or attempts bold, novel, or extraordinary enterprizes.
ADVENT'URESOME, adjective Bold; daring; incurring hazard. [See Venturesome.]
ADVENT'URESOMENESS, noun The quality of being bold and venturesome.
ADVENT'URING, participle present tense Putting to risk; hazarding.
ADVENT'UROUS, adjective
1. Inclined or willing to incur hazard; bold to encounter danger; daring; courageous; enterprizing; applied to persons.
2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage' applied to things; as, an adventurous undertaking.
And followed freedom on the adventurous tide.
ADVENT'UROUSLY, adverb Boldly; daringly; in a manner to incur hazard.
ADVENT'UROUSNESS, noun The act or quality of being adventurous.
AD'VERB, noun [Latin adverbium, of ad and verbum, to a verb.]
In grammar, a word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective or attribute, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well; paper extremely white. This part of speech might be more significantly named a modifier, as its use is to modify, that is, to vary or qualify the sense of another word, by enlarging or restraining it, or by expressing form, quality or manner, which the word itself does not express. The term adverb denoting position merely, is often improper.
ADVERB'IAL, adjective Pertaining to an adverb.
ADVERB'IALLY, adverb In the manner of an adverb.
ADVERSA'RIA, noun [Latin from adversus. See Adverse.]
Among the ancients, a book of accounts, so named from the placing of debt and credit in opposition to each other. A commonplace book.
AD'VERSARY, noun [See Adverse.]
1. An enemy or foe; one who has enmity at heart.
The Lord shall take vengeance on his adversaries. Nahum 1.
In scripture, Satan is called THE adversary by way of eminence. 1 Peter 5:8.
2. An opponent or antagonist, as in a suit at law, or in single combat; an opposing litigant.
AD'VERSARY, adjective Opposed; opposite to; adverse. In law, having an opposing party, as an adversary suit; in distinction from an application, in law or equity, to which no opposition is made.
ADVERS'ATIVE, adjective Noting some difference, contrariety, or opposition; as, John is an honest man, but a fanatic. Here but is called an adversative conjunction. This denomination however is not always correct; for but does not always denote opposition, but something additional.
ADVERS'ATIVE, noun A word denoting contrariety or opposition.
AD'VERSE, adjective [Latin adversus, opposite; of ad and versus, turned; from verto, to turn. See Advert. This word was formerly accented, by some authors, on the last syllable; but the accent is now settled on the first.]
1. Opposite; opposing; acting in a contrary direction; conflicting; counteracting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party.
2. Figuratively, opposing desire; contrary to the wishes, or to supposed good; hence, unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; pernicious, unprosperous; as, adverse fate or circumstances.
ADVERSE, verb transitive advers'. To oppose. [Not used.]
AD'VERSELY, adverb In an adverse manner; oppositely; unfortunately; unprosperously; in a manner contrary to desire or success.
AD'VERSENESS, noun Opposition; unprosperousness.
ADVERS'ITY, noun An event, or series of events, which oppose success or desire; misfortune; calamity; affliction; distress; state of unhappiness.
In the day of adversity consider. Ecclesiastes 7:14.
Ye have rejected God, who saved you out of all you adversities. 1 Samuel 10:19.
ADVERT', verb intransitive [Latin adverto, of ad and verto, to turn.]
To turn the mind or attention to; to regard, observe, or notice: with to; as, he adverted to what was said, or to a circumstance that occurred.
ADVERT'ED, participle passive Attended to; regarded; with to.
ADVERT'ENCE,
ADVERT'ENCY, noun A direction of the mind to; attention; notice; regard; consideration; heedfulness.
ADVERT'ENCY, n. A direction of the mind to; attention; notice; regard; consideration; heedfulness.
ADVERT'ENT, adjective Attentive; heedful.
ADVERT'ING, participle present tense Attending to; regarding; observing.
ADVERTI'SE, verb transitive s as z. [See Advert.]
1. To inform; to give notice, advice or intelligence to, whether of a past or present event, or of something future.
I will advertise thee what this people will do to thy people in the latter day. Numbers 24:14.
I thought to advertise thee, saying; buy it before the inhabitants and elders of my people. Ruth 4:4.
In this sense, it has of before the subject of information; as, to advertise a man of his losses.
2. To publish a notice of; to publish a written or printed account of; as, to advertise goods or a farm.
ADVERTI'SED, participle passive Informed; notified; warned; used of persons: published; made known; used of things.
ADVER'TISEMENT, noun Information; admonition, notice given. More generally, a publication intended to give notice; this may be, by a short account printed in a newspaper, or by a written account posted, or otherwise made public.
ADVERTI'SER, noun One who advertises. This title is often given to public prints.
ADVERTI'SING, participle present tense
1. Informing; giving notice; publishing notice.
2. adjective Furnishing advertisements; as, advertising customers.
3. In the sense of monitory, or active in giving intelligence, as used by Shakespeare. [Not now used.]
ADVI'CE, noun [Latin viso, to see, to visit.]
1. Counsel; an opinion recommended, or offered, as worthy to be followed.
What advice give ye? 2 Chronicles 10:9.
With good advice make war. Proverbs 20:18.
We may give advice but we cannot give conduct.
2. Prudence; deliberate consideration.
3. Information; notice; intelligence; as, we have late advices from France.
To take advice is to consult with others.
ADVI'CE BOAT, noun A vessel employed to carry dispatches or information.
ADVI'SABLE, adjective [See Advise.]
1. Proper to be advised; prudent; expedient; proper to be done or practiced.
It is not advisable to proceed, at this time, to a choice of officers.
2. Open to advice.
ADVI'SABLENESS, noun The quality of being advisable or expedient.
ADVI'SE, verb transitive s as z. [See Advice.]
1. To give counsel to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed; as, I advise you to be cautious of speculation.
2. To give information; to communicate notice; to make acquainted with; followed by of, before the thing communicated; as, the merchants were advised of the risk.
3. To deliberate, consider, or consult.
Advise thyself of what word I shall bring again to him that sent me. 1 Chronicles 21:12.
But in this sense, it is usually intransitive.
ADVI'SE, verb intransitive To deliberate, weigh well, or consider.
Advise and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me. 2 Samuel 24:13.
To advise with is to consult for the purpose of taking the opinions of others.
ADVI'SED, participle passive
1. Informed; counseled; also cautious; prudent; acting with deliberation.
Let him be advised in his answers.
With the well advised is wisdom. Proverbs 13:10.
2. Done, formed, or taken with advice or deliberation; intended; as, an advised act or scheme.
ADVI'SEDLY, adverb With deliberation or advice; heedfully; purposely; by design; as, an enterprize advisedly undertaken.
ADVI'SEDNESS, noun Deliberate consideration; prudent procedure.
ADVI'SEMENT, noun
1. Counsel; information; circumspection.
2. Consultation.
The action standing continued nisi for advisement
ADVI'SER, noun One who gives advice or admonition; also, in a bad sense, one who instigates or persuades.
ADVI'SING, participle present tense Giving counsel.
ADVI'SING, noun Advice; counsel.
ADVI'SORY, adjective
1. Having power to advise.
The general association has a general advisory superintendence over all the ministers and churches.
2. Containing advice; as, their opinion is merely advisory
AD'VOCACY, noun
1. The act of pleading for; intercession.
2. Judicial pleading; law-suit.
AD'VOCATE, noun [Latin advocatus, from advoco, to call for, to plead for; of ad and voco, to call. See Vocal.]
1. advocate in its primary sense, signifies, one who pleads the cause of another in a court of civil law. Hence,
2. One who pleads the cause of another before any tribunal or judicial court, as a barrister in the English courts. We say, a man is a learned lawyer and an able advocate
In Europe, advocates have different titles, according to their particular duties.
Consistorial advocates, in Rome, appear before the Consistory, in opposition to the disposal of benefices.
Elective advocates are chosen by a bishop, abbot, or chapter, with license from the prince.
Feudal advocates were of a military kind, and to attach them to the church, had grants of land, with power to lead the vassals of the church war.
Fiscal advocates, in ancient Rome, defended causes in which the public revenue was concerned.
Juridical advocates became judges, in consequence of their attending causes in the earl's court.
Matricular advocates defended the cathedral churches.
Military advocates were employed by the church to defend it by arms, when force gave law to Europe.
Some advocates were called nominative, from their being nominated by the pope or king; some regular, from their being qualified by a proper course of study. Some were supreme; others, subordinate.
Advocate, in the German polity, is a magistrate, appointed in the emperor's name, to administer justice.
Faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a society of eminent lawyers, who practice in the highest courts, and who are admitted members only upon the severest examination, at three different times. It consists of about two hundred members, and from this body are vacancies on the bench usually supplied.
Lord advocate in Scotland, the principal crown lawyer, or prosecutor of crimes.
Judge advocate in courts martial, a person who manages the prosecution.
In English and American courts, advocates are the same as counsel, or counselors. In England, they are of two degrees, barristers and serjeants; the former, being apprentices or learners, cannot, by ancient custom, be admitted serjeants, till of sixteen years standing.
3. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause, by argument; one who is friendly to; as, an advocate for peace, or for the oppressed.
In scripture, Christ is called an advocate for his people.
We have an advocate with the father. 1 John 2:1.
AD'VOCATE, verb transitive To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal; to support or vindicate.
Those who advocate a discrimination.
The Duke of York advocated the amendment.
The Earl of Buckingham advocated the original resolution.
The idea of a legislature, consisting of a single branch, though advocated by some, was generally reprobated.
How little claim persons, who advocate this sentiment, really posses to be considered calvinists, will appear from the following quotation.
The most eminent orators were engaged to advocate his cause.
A part only of the body, whose cause be advocates, coincide with him in judgment.
AD'VOCATED, participle passive Defended by argument; vindicated.
AD'VOCATESS, noun A female advocate.
AD'VOCATING, participle present tense Supporting by reasons; defending; maintaining.
ADVOCA'TION, noun A pleading for: plea; apology.
A bill of advocation in Scotland, is a written application to a superior court, to call an action before them from an inferior court. The order of the superior court for this purpose is called a letter of advocation
ADVOU'TRESS, noun An adulteress.
ADVOU'TRY, noun Adultery. [Little used.]
ADVOWEE', noun
1. He that has the right of advowson.
2. The advocate of a church or religious house.
ADVOW'SON, noun s as z. [The word was latinized, advocatio, from advoco, and avow is from advoco.]
In English law, a right of presentation to a vacant benefice; or in other words, a right of nominating a person to officiate in a vacant church. The name is derived from advocatio, because the right was first obtained by such as were founders, benefactors or strenuous defenders, advocates, or the church. those who have this right are styled patrons. Advowsons are of three kinds, presentative, collative, and donative; presentative, when the patron presents his clerk to the bishop of the diocese to be instituted; collative, when the bishop is the patron, and institutes, or collates his clerk, by a single act; donative, when a church is founded by the king, and assigned to the patron, without being subject to the ordinary, so that the patron confers the benefice on his clerk, without presentation, institution, or induction.
Advowsons are also appendant, that is, annexed to a manor; or, in gross, that is annexed to the person of the patron.
ADVOY'ER, or Avoy'er, A chief magistrate of a town or canton in Switzerland.
A'DY, noun The abanga, or Thernel's restorative; a species of Palm tree, in the West Indies, tall, upright, without branches, with a thick branching head, which furnishes a juice of which the natives make a drink by fermentation.
ADZ, noun An iron instrument with an arching edge, across the line of the handle, and ground from a base on its inside to the outer edge; used for chipping a horizontal surface of timber.